The Gonfaloniere was a highly prestigious Commune medieval communal post in medieval and Renaissance Italy , notably in Florence and the Papal States . The name derives from gonfalone , the term used for the banners of such communes. In Florence the post was known as Gonfaloniere of Justice , being held by one of the nine citizens selected by drawing lots every two months, who formed the government, or Signoria of Florence Signoria . In the papal states it was known as Gonfaloniere of the Church or Papal Gonfaloniere. Other central and northern Italian communes, from Spoleto to Piemonte , elected or appointed gonfalonieri. The Bentivoglio Bentivoglio family of Bologna aspired to this office during the sixteenth century. A century later, however, when Artemisia Gentileschi painted a portrait of Pietro Gentile as a gonfaloniere of Bologna in 1622, with the gonfalone in the background, the office had merely symbolic value. External links http www.artemisia gentileschi.com gonfaloniere.html Portrait of Pietro Gentile as a gonfaloniere of Bologna by Artemisia Gentileschi , 1622. category Heraldry Category Medieval Italy Category Italian Renaissance ar ca Gonfanoner de Gonfaloniere es Confaloniero fr Gonfalonnier it Gonfaloniere lt Gonfalonjeras mk nl Gonfaloniere ja pl Gonfaloniere pt Gonfaloneiro ru sv Gonfalonj r uk ... more details
nofootnotes date July 2009 For similar offices in other Italian city states, see Gonfaloniere . Gonfaloniere of Justice Gonfaloniere di Giustizia was a post in the government of history of Florence medieval and early Renaissance Florence . Like Florence s Podest and Priori, it was introduced in 1293 when Giano Della Bella s Ordinamenti di Giustizia came into force. He was one of the nine citizens selected by drawing lots every two months, who formed the government, or Signoria of Florence Signoria . As Gonfaloniere di Giustizia he was the temporary standard bearer of the Republic of Florence and custodian of the city s banner, which was displayed from the yardarm of a portable cross. Along with the voting rights of the other Priori, he was also in charge of the internal security forces and the maintenance of public order. ref John M. Najemy, A History of Florence, 1200 1575 Malden, MA Blackwell, 2008 , 84 85. ref To distinguish him from his other eight colleagues, his crimson coat, lined with ermine heraldy ermine , was further embroidered with golden stars. Each of Florence s neighborhoods, or rioni , had its own priore who might be selected to serve on the council, and its own gonfaloniere di compagnia selected from the first families of each quarter. History Prelude Image Fiorino ... moltitudine degli artigiani e dei commercianti pi modesti ma molto numerosi in citt . The Gonfaloniere .... in questo contesto che viene creata la figura del Gonfaloniere di Giustizia, un magistrato che ... of Florence.JPG thumb right 350pxl Siege of Florence in 1530 The post of Gonfaloniere survived practically ... of the old communal magistracies. Pier Soderini was in 1502 appointed gonfaloniere for life ... or aristocrats had supported Soderini s candidacy for Gonfaloniere a Vita, believing he would support ... Firenze , Roma, Newton & Compton, 1992. DEFAULTSORT Gonfaloniere Of Justice Category History of Florence Category Heraldry it Gonfaloniere di Giustizia ... more details
Salvestro di Alammano de Medici c. 1331 &ndash 1388 was a former Gonfaloniere of Justice Gonfaloniere and Provost of the city of Florence . Salvestro was a member of the Patrician post Roman Europe patrician class and an adversary of the noble Guelphs and Ghibellines Guelph ic faction, who had been pursuing a policy of attempting to exclude the lesser guilds through admonitions. Salvestro was drawn as Gonfaloniere in the summer of 1378 and pursued an anti Guelph policy, reviving laws which placed restrictions on the nobility, reducing the power of the Capitani di Parte and recalling the ammoniti those who had been admonished . These laws encountered much opposition from the nobles, which led to their being threatened and in some cases their homes burnt in the beginning of the insurrection of the ciompi , textile workers not represented by a guild. On 21 July 1378, Salvestro, along with 63 other citizens, were created knights and soon afterwards, he was given the revenue of shops on the Old Bridge by the newly interred Gonfaloniere of Justice, the wool comber Michele di Lando, a privilege later removed from Salvestro by the ciompi, suspicious of di Lando s perceived favour for citizens of the middle classes. Salvestro was later crucial to the counter revolution of the major and minor guilds and ruled in effect as a dictator before his exile in 1382, at which time the Guelph faction regained power and renewed the admonitions. Salvestro was a cousin of Giovanni di Bicci de Medici , founder of the Medici dynasty. External links http www.worldwideschool.org library books hst european HistoryofFlorenceandoftheAffairsofItaly toc.html Niccolo Machiavelli s History of Florence DEFAULTSORT Medici, Salvestro Category 1331 births Category 1388 deaths Category House of Medici Salvestro Category 14th century Italian people de Salvestro de Medici it Salvestro de Medici pt Salvestro de M dici fi Salvestro de Medici zh ... more details
Trincia II or I Trinci died 18 September 1377 was lord of Foligno , in central Italy , from 1353 he was the son of Ugolino Novello Trinci . His initial titles were gonfaloniere del popolo and capitano del popolo , but was recognized as apostolic vicar at the time Foligno was namely part of the Papal States . He was also vicar of Bevagna starting from 1371, as well as Papal commander and gonfaloniere of the Duchy of Spoleto . He married Giacoma d Este, daughter of Niccol I d Este , lord of Ferrara . He was assassinated at Foligno on 18 September 1377 during a Ghibelline uprising, from which a short lived republic arose. One of his sons, Ugolino III Trinci Ugolino , was later lord of Foligno. See also Trinci Foligno Wars of the Guelphs and Ghibellines References cite book last Dorio title Istoria della famiglia Trinci year 1638 location Foligno br S start S bef before Ugolino II Trinci Ugolino II S ttl title Lord of Foligno years 1353 1377 S non reason Republic end DEFAULTSORT Trincia 02 Trinci Category 1377 deaths Trinci, Trincia 2 Category Trinci Trincia 2 Category Condottieri Trinci, Trincia 2 Category Lords of Foligno ca Corrado IV Trinci it Trincia Trinci ... more details
unreferenced date June 2009 Bartolomeo Scala 1430 1497 was an Italian politician, author and historian. Born in Colle Val d Elsa , he become a proteg of Cosimo de Medici Cosimo and Piero di Cosimo de Medici Piero de Medici , being appointed at the highest positions in the Florentine Republic Chancellor, Secretary, Gonfaloniere and Priore . He wrote an unfinished History of Florence . He was a member of the Accademia Neoplatonica . Scala died in 1497, and was buried in a chapel of Annunziata, Florence Annunziata . DEFAULTSORT Scala, Bartolomeo category 1430 births category 1497 deaths category People from the Province of Siena category Italian historians category italian writers category Italian politicians it Bartolommeo Scala ... more details
Giovanni di Bardo Corsi was a politician in Florence. He was born in 1472 and died in 1547. Corsi was Marsilio Ficino s first biographer and a member of the committee that in 1512 restored the Medici to power in Florence after eighteen years of exile. He was also a participant in the early phase of the Orti Oricellari discussions. In 1530, Corsi became Florentine gonfaloniere at the behest of Pope Clement VII , the Medici Pope. ref Anthony M. Cummings, The Maecenas and the Madrigalist Patrons, Patronage, and the Origins of the Italian Madrigal Philadelphia American Philosophical Society, 2004 , 183. ref References references Italy bio stub Category Political history of Italy Category 1472 births Category 1547 deaths ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2006 Ottaviano de Medici July 11, 1484 May 28, 1546 was an Italy Italian politician and statesman, ancestor of the Princes of Ottaiano line of the Medici family . He held several important positions in Florence , including that of Gonfaloniere di Giustizia , although now a merely formal one after the suppression of the Republic by the Spanish troops in 1530. He was also Senator from 1532. His son Alessandro was cardinal and, from 1605, pope as Pope Leo XI Leo XI . His other son Bernadetto de Medici Bernadetto founded the southern Italian line of the family by acquiring the seigniory of Ottaiano , near Naples . DEFAULTSORT Medici, Ottaviano Category 1484 births Category 1546 deaths Category House of Medici Ottaviano Category 16th century Italian people Category Italian politicians it Ottaviano de Medici ... more details
assumed the title of Gonfaloniere or Vessillifero di Santa Romana Chiesa Gonfaloniere of the Church ... . See also GonfaloniereGonfaloniere of the Church Captain General of the Church Umbraculum Category ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 The Signoria was the government of medieval and renaissance Florence . Its nine members, the Priori , were chosen from the ranks of the guilds of the city six of them from the major guilds, and two from the minor guilds. The ninth became the Gonfaloniere of Justice . Selection of members The names of all guild members over thirty years old were put in eight leather bags called borse . Every two months these bags were taken from the church of Basilica di Santa Croce di Firenze Santa Croce , where they were ordinarily kept, and in a short ceremony drawn out at random. Only men who were not in debt, had not served a recent term, and had no relation to the names of men already drawn, would be considered eligible for office. Service in the Signoria Immediately after they were elected, the nine were expected to move into the Palazzo della Signoria , where they would remain for the two months of their office. There they were paid a modest sum to cover their expenses and were provided with green liveried servants. The Priori had a uniform of crimson coats, lined with ermine and with ermine collars and cuffs. In undertaking their governmental duties, the Signoria was required to consult two other elected councils collectively known as Collegi . The first was the Dodici Buonomini , with twelve members, while the second, the Sedici Gonfaloniere , consisted of sixteen people. Other councils, such as the Ten of War, the Eight of Security and the Six of Commerce, were elected as the need arose. See also Guilds of Florence DEFAULTSORT Signoria Of Florence Category History of Florence Category Government de Signoria es Signoria de Florencia eo Signoria de Florenco it Signoria hu Signoria mk ja ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 The Chancellor of Florence held the most important position in the bureaucracy of the Republic of Florence Florentine Republic . Though the chancellor was not officially a member of the Republic s elected political government like the gonfaloniere or the nine members of the signoria , occupying a role roughly equivalent to the head of the civil service in some countries today, he could nevertheless wield considerable political influence. Holders of the post included some of the most famous scholars, political thinkers and humanists of the Renaissance. Partial list Coluccio Salutati appointed 1375 Leonardo Bruni appointed 1410 Carlo Marsuppini , known as Carlo Aretino, 1444 1453 Gian Francesco Poggio Bracciolini Poggio Bracciolini 1453 1459 Benedetto Accolti the Elder Benedetto Accolti appointed 1459 Bartolomeo Scala 1465 1497 Niccol Machiavelli appointed 1498 See also Chancellor DEFAULTSORT Chancellor Of Florence Category History of Florence Italy hist stub Gov stub eo Kanceliero de Florenco it Cancelliere di Firenze sl Kancler Firenc ... more details
noreferences date January 2010 Image Giovanni I Bentivoglio.jpg thumb Giovanni I Bentivoglio Giovanni I died June 26, 1402 was the first ruler of Bologna from the Bentivoglio family, who rose to power among the faction conflicts within the commune of Bologna. He ruled in 1401 02. On March 14, 1401, he declared himself the ruler as signore and Gonfaloniere di Giustizia and secured his reign with the aid of the House of Visconti Visconti family. However, his reign did not last long and after the Visconti turned against him. He was killed in 1402 in the Battle of Casalecchio . He was later buried in the church of San Giacomo Maggiore. He was briefly succeeded by his son, Anton Galeazzo Bentivoglio Antongaleazzo , who was soon deposed. The next person to fully restore the power of the house was his grandson, Annibale I Bentivoglio Annibale I . br Start box Succession box title Bentivoglio Ruler of Bologna before To the Papal States after Antongaleazzo Bentivoglio years 1401&ndash 1402 end box DEFAULTSORT Giovanni 01 Bentivoglio Category People from Bologna Bentivoglio, Giovanni 1 Category 1402 deaths Bentivoglio, Giovanni 1 Category Italian military personnel killed in action Bentivoglio, Giovanni 1 Category House of Bentivoglio Giovanni 1 it Giovanni I Bentivoglio pl Giovanni I Bentivoglio ... more details
image Giovanni tornabuoni, affresco nella cappella tornabuoni di domenico ghirlandaio detail .jpg thumb left Donor portrait of Giovanni Tornabuoni in the Tornabuoni Chapel , by Domenico Ghirlandaio. Giovanni Tornabuoni died after December 22, 1490 was an Italian merchant, banker and patron of the arts from Florence . He had strong connections with the House of Medici , being the brother of Lucrezia Tornabuoni , and therefore Lorenzo de Medici Lorenzo il Magnifico s uncle. He was director of the family s bank in Rome, as treasurer of Pope Sixtus IV . He was also Florentine ambassador in the Papal court in 1480 and 1484, and gonfaloniere di Giustizia in 1482. In 1485 he signed a contract with painter Domenico Ghirlandaio for a grand cycle of frescoes in what was to become the Tornabuoni Chapel in the church of Santa Maria Novella in Florence. Tornabuoni and his wife, Francesca Pitti, are portrayed as donors in the choir wall. He had been already portrayed by Ghirlandaio in the Sistine Chapel in the Vocation of Andrew and Paul in the Sistine Chapel . In 1484 Tornabuoni succeeded Francesco Sassetti in the direction of the Medici Bank . DEFAULTSORT Tornabuoni, Giovanni Category 15th century births Category People from Florence Category House of Medici Category Italian bankers Category Italian diplomats Category 15th century Italian people Category Medieval banking italy business bio stub it Giovanni Tornabuoni ... more details
Infobox Painting image file Jacopo Pontormo 066.jpg title Madonna with Child and Saints artist Pontormo year 1518 type Oil painting Oil on paper height 214 width 195 city Florence museum San Michele Visdomini The Madonna with Child and Saints , also known as Pala Pucci , is a painting by the Italian late Renaissance painter Jacopo Pontormo , executed in 1516. It is housed in the church of San Michele Visdomini in Florence . It portrays numerous figures. St. Joseph, on the left, is holding Jesus a role usually fulfilled by the Madonna . The presence of St. Joseph is explained by the fact that his gospel, the Gospel of James , deals with Christ s childhood and praises Joseph s paternal cares. St. Francis is connected to name of the committant and the devotion of his order towards Jesus. History The work was commissioned by Francesco Pucci , a collaborator of the House of Medici and a justice gonfaloniere . The date can be seen in the painting on the book held by St. John the Baptist, on the left. The largest oil on canvas by Pontormo, it is also one of the few works by him which is still in its original location. The panel was praised by Giorgio Vasari, who called it the most notable panel ever made by this very rare painter . Sources cite book author title Pontormo e Rosso, la Maniera moderna in Toscana year 1994 category 1516 paintings category Pontormo paintings it Pala Pucci ... more details
Piero di Tommaso Soderini May 18, 1450 June 13, 1522 ref Enciclopedia Italiana di scienze, lettere ed arti , Treccani ref , also known as Pier Soderini , was an Italy Italian statesman of the Republic of Florence . Biography Soderini was born at Florence to an old family who had become famous in medicine. His brother was the statesman and supporter of Savonarola , Paolo Antonio Soderini . Their third brother was Cardinal Francesco Soderini , bishop of Volterra . In 1481 he was Prior of the city, and later became a favourite of Piero di Lorenzo de Medici , receiving from him, in 1493, the honour of being the Ambassador to the Kingdom of France . He was elected Gonfaloniere of Justice gonfaloniere for life in 1502 by the Florentines, who wished to give greater stability to their republican institutions, which had been restored after the expulsion of Piero de Medici and the execution of Girolamo Savonarola Savonarola . His rule proved moderate and wise, although he had not the qualities of a great statesman. He introduced a system of national militia in the place of foreign mercenaries , and during his government the long war with Pisa was brought to a close with the capture of that city by the Florentines in 1509. Niccol Machiavelli , author of The Prince , served under him as second chancellor and as ambassador to Cesare Borgia , Rome and France. Although Macchiavelli initially had much respect for Soderinio, his attitude was changed by the events that led to Soderini s fall. Grateful to France, who had assisted him, he always took the French side in Italian politics. But in 1512 the Medici with the help of a Papal army returned to Florence, deposed Soderini and drove him into exile. He took refuge at Ora ac near Dubrovnik in Dalmatia , where he remained until the election of Pope Leo X , who summoned him to Rome and conferred many favours on him. Soderini lived in Rome, working for the good of Florence, to which he was never allowed to return until his death. He di ... more details
Francesco Salviati Riario was the archbishop of Pisa in 1475. A blood member of the Riario family, and of the Salviati bankers Salviati family to whom Pope Sixtus IV had re awarded the papal banking contract after taking it away from the Medici , he was also related by marriage to the Pazzi, Medici, Vettori, and other powerful families. Orphaned at a young age, Salviati was educated as a humanist but vied to succeed in the church, knowing he could not rise to power in the family after losing his father. Pro Medici sources paint Salviati as a flatterer, a gambler, and lusted for the power that could be attained through church favour. In 1464, Salviati moved to Rome to attach himself to Francesco della Rovere who would later become Pope Sixtus IV and his nephews, Girolamo Riario Girolamo and Pietro Riario . This paid off in his appointment as archbishop. The Medici family of Florence opposed his appointment as archbishop and so in spring 1478, he sent to Florence his nephew Raffaele Riario to lure both Lorenzo de Medici Lorenzo and Giuliano de Medici Giuliano to the Duomo for assassination in the Pazzi Pazzi Conspiracy , and invited him to a mass at the Florence Cathedral Duomo at which the assassination would take place. When the bell that was rung during the elevation rang, Salviati was to go to the Palazzo Vecchio , kill the Gonfaloniere of Justice Gonfaloniere Petrucci and take possession of the Palazzo Vecchio Palazzo della Signoria , whilst the main killing occurred in the cathedral, but on arriving there he was arrested by Petrucci and within an hour had been hanged by a lynch mob from the window of the Sala dei Duecento . In Assassin s Creed 2 , which has a fictional version of the conspiracy, Salviati had merely led Pazzi allied troops into Florence and was able to flee to his villa in the Tuscan countryside an unfortunate farmer being hanged in his place , only to be hunted down and slain in 1479 by Lorenzo de Medici s assassin, Ezio Auditore . Sources http ... more details
The Trinci were a noble family from central Italy , who were lords of Foligno , in Umbria , from 1305 to 1439. NOTOC History During the War of the Guelphs and Ghibellines which tore apart Italy from the 12th to the 14th century, the Trinci were initially Guelphs, but switched to the other party from 1240. Corrado I and Trincia I Trinci held the title of podest or vicar of Foligno in the late 13th century. In 1305 the Trinci, after returning back to the Guelphs, became lords of Foligno by expelling the Ghibelline Anastasi thanks to the support of nobles from Spoleto and Perugia . Nallo I Trinci Nallo governed as capitano del popolo the until 1321. After him, the Trinci held the titles of gonfaloniere gonfaloniere di giustizia and capitani . Nallo s brother, Ugolino I Trinci Ugolino , ruled until 1338, being succeeded by Nallo s son, Corrado I Trinci Corrado I , who died in 1343. He was followed by Ugolino II Trinci Ugolino Novello , the last to hold the aforementioned titles. The first official recognition came in 1367, when Pope Urban V named Ugolino s son, Trincia II Trinci , as apostolic vicar . Trincia was killed in 1377 by some Ghibellin exiles. His brother Corrado II Trinci Corrado II ruled Foligno until 1388, followed by his son Ugolino III Trinci Ugolino III , who was a friend of the condottiero Braccio Fortebraccio . His sons Niccol , Bartolomeo and Corrado III Trinci Corrado III co ruled the city from 1415 to 1421. Corrado, however, decided to break with the Papal authority assailed by Cardinal Giovanni Maria Vitelleschi , he lost Foligno, which therefater lost its autonomy and became part of the Papal States . See also Palazzo Trinci Papal States Sources cite book first Durante last Dorio title Istoria della famiglia Trinci location Foligno publisher Agostino Alteri year 1638 cite book first Silvestro last Nessi title Trinci Signori di Foligno publisher Edizioni Orfini Numeister location Foligno year 2006 isbn 8889274085 External links http www.comune.fol ... more details
Rinaldo degli Albizzi 1370 1442 was an Italian nobleman, a member of the Florentine family of the Albizzi . Together with Palla Strozzi , he was the main opponent of Cosimo de Medici s rise in Florence. After the Volterran revolt against Florence in 1428, Rinaldo degli Albizzi was sent to reacquire Volterra from rebels led by priors and Giovanni di Contugi . Afterwards, Rinaldo incited Niccol Fortebraccio to attack the Lucchese under cover of some fictitious quarrel ref Florentine Histories , Niccol Machiavelli ref , an action that led Florence to the conquest of Lucca . During this campaign, Rinaldo degli Albizzi was accused of attempting to increase his own wealth through sacking. He was eventually removed from his position and recalled to Florence. Later, in the 1430s, Rinaldo convinced several prominent nobles to strike out against Cosimo de Medici , whom he feared was getting too powerful. Eventually, Rinaldo helped Bernardo Guadagni, a candidate for a position among the Signori, pay off his debts, which had been disqualifying him to run for office. Guadagni won the position of Gonfaloniere of Justice Gonfalonier . Through Guadagni, Rinaldo summoned Cosimo to the palace, where he was captured. After a short trial, Cosimo was sentenced to 20 years exile from Florence. However, with the downturn of Florentine fortunes in the war with Milan , Cosimo returned with popular acclamation barely a year later, and Rinaldo was in his turn exiled. He died at Ancona . Footnotes reflist Category 1370 births Albizzi, Rinaldo Category 1442 deaths Albizzi, Rinaldo Category italian nobility Albizzi, Rinaldo Category People from Florence Category 15th century Italian people de Rinaldo degli Albizzi es Rinaldo degli Albizzi it Rinaldo degli Albizzi ... more details
Agnolo Acciaioli or Acciaiuoli also called di Cassano died after 1467 was a republic of Florence Florentine ambassador and politician, a member of the Acciaioli family. He had inherited his title of Baron of Cassano by his grandfather Donato Acciaioli di Cassano Donato , but his fiefs in the Kingdom of Naples were confiscated in 1467. His diplomatic career began in Naples , where he was created knight by Queen Joanna II of Naples Joanna II in 1415. Later he moved to the family s ancestral city, Florence, where he was also created knight and for which he served as ambassador in Venice , Lucca , Ferrara and the Pope , among the others. In 1448 and 1454 he was elected Gonfaloniere of Justice Gonfalonier of the Florentine Republic, but his career suffered a serious setback when, together with Diotisalvi Neroni , Luca Pitti and Niccol Soderini , he conspired against Piero di Cosimo de Medici Piero de Medici . When the plan was discovered, Acciaioli was exiled to Barletta 1466 and later banned for life. Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Acciaioli, Agnolo ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Acciaioli, Agnolo Category 15th century deaths Category People from Naples Category Italian diplomats Category 15th century Italian people cs Angelo Acciaioli di Cassano it Angelo Acciaiuoli di Cassano ... more details
Sante I Bentivoglio 1426 1462 was an Italian nobleman who ruled as tyrant of Bologna from 1445 to 1462. Alleged to be a natural son of Ercole Bentivoglio , Sante was a cousin of Annibale I Bentivoglio . He was aducated at Florence in the court of Cosimo de Medici the Elder ref http icozzano.scuole.bo.it ic media attivita 05 06 rinascimento bo bentivoglio bentivoglio.htm ref . When Annibale was killed in an ambuscade by the rival family of the Canteoli, Sante succeeded him in the rule of Bologna with the title of gonfaloniere di giustizia . He was also named as tutor of Annibale s son Giovanni II Bentivoglio Giovanni II . In 1454 he married Ginevra Sforza , then fourteen years old, the daughter of Alessandro Sforza , lord of Pesaro . The two had two daughters Costanza 1458 1491 , who married to Antonmaria Pico della Mirandola , and Ercole 1459 1505 , a condottiero . In 1460 Sante started building a palace, which was destroyed in 1507 after the Bentivoglio were ousted from Bologna. He obtained from the popes autonomy of government over the city and established a communal senate including local nobles and Papal representants. He allied with the Republic of Venice , the House of Sforza and the house of Medici . He died in Bologna in 1462 due to illness ref http ilterzodesiderio.blogspot.com 2006 08 i bentivoglio 115529796637161772.html ref , being succeeded by Giovanni Bentivoglio, who later remarried Ginevra. References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Bentivoglio, Giovanni 2 Category 1426 births Category 1462 deaths Category House of Bentivoglio Sante 1 ar it Sante Bentivoglio pl Sante Bentivoglio ... more details
Infobox Nobility name Giovanni de Medici image Giovanni di Bicci de Medici.jpg 200px caption Portrait by Cristofano dell Altissimo . spouse Piccarda Bueri issue Cosimo de Medici br Lorenzo the Elder full name noble family Medici father Averardo de Medici mother Jacopa Spini date of birth 1360 place of birth Florence , Republic of Florence date of death 20 February 1429 aged 69 place of death Florence , Republic of Florence Giovanni di Bicci de Medici 1360 &ndash February 20 28, 1429 was an Italian banker, the first historically relevant member of Medici family of Florence , and the founder of the Medici bank . He was the father of Cosimo de Medici Pater Patriae , and great grandfather of Lorenzo de Medici the Magnificent . Giovanni di Bicci de Medici was born in Florence . He was the son of Averardo de Medici . Though he is considered the founder of the rich Medici dynasty, he was not born into a rich family. The little money left by his father was divided between a widow and five sons, leaving Giovanni with little. Giovanni was somewhat uninterested in politics, unless the issues pertained to him or his bank. Often when his name was put forward to participate in the Florentine government reggimento , he chose to pay the fine rather than serve, although he did serve one term as Gonfaloniere of Justice Gonfaloniere . Giovanni was the head of an early multi national company, as the family bank, his main commercial interest, had branches throughout the northern Italian city states and beyond. In 1410, Giovanni bet on the return of the papacy to Rome , and was correct. Rewarding Giovanni for his support, subsequent popes made use of the de Medici banks. Giovanni was also rewarded with tax farming contracts and the rights to many alum mines. He set his family on the path to becoming one of the richest dynasties in Europe, thereby making an essential stride towards its later cultural and political eminence. Children Cosimo de Medici Cosimo di Giovanni de Medici Lorenzo th ... more details
for the Italian comune Bentivoglio, Emilia Romagna Image Lorenzo Costa 007.jpg 250px right thumb Giovanni II Bentivoglio. Bentivoglio in Latin , rendered as Bentivoius was an Italy Italian family of princely rank, long supreme in Bologna and responsible for giving the city its political autonomy during the Renaissance . History The presence of the Bentivoglio family is first recorded in the city in 1323. Originally from the castle of that name in the neighborhood of Bologna, the family claimed descent from Enzio of Sardinia Enzio , King of Sardinia , an illegitimate son of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor . During the fourteenth century, the family, belonging to one of the workingmen s guilds at Bologna, had gained power as pro papist Guelphs and Ghibellines Guelph leaders in the fourteenth century. Amid the faction conflicts of the commune Giovanni I Bentivoglio, with the help of Gian Galeazzo Visconti , declared himself signore and Gonfaloniere Gonfaloniere di Giustizia on March 14, 1401. When the Visconti turned hostile, Giovanni was defeated and killed on June 26, 1402 at the Battle of Casalecchio and was interred in the church of San Giacomo Maggiore. During the next few decades, the city s political status and the family s fortunes remained unpredictable. The son of Giovanni I, Anton Galeazzo Bentivoglio Anton Galeazzo or Antongaleazzo, c. 1385 1435 , was a lecturer in civil law legal system civil law who assumed power in Bologna in 1420, but was quickly overthrown. Anton Galeazzo became a condottiero , and was assassinated by papal officials on December 23, 1435 due to fears over his growing power he had returned to Bologna on December 4 . During his reign the Bentivoglio received the fief of Castel Bolognese . Annibale I, a putative son of Anton Galeazzo his mother, Lina Canigiani, was said to be uncertain of the boy s paternity and the matter was decided by dice http www.wga.hu database glossary families bentivol.html , led a city revolt against the Papacy ... more details
Giovanni Rucellai is the name of a father 1403 1481 and grandson 1475 1525 of the Rucellai family wool dyers turned bankers. The former, Giovanni di Paolo , or Giovanni I , as the effective head of the Rucellai family commissioned the building of the Palazzo Rucellai , designed by Leon Battista Alberti and the father of Bernardo Rucellai , the oligarch and humanist. The son in law of Palla Strozzi , Giovanni di Paolo was close friends with Piero di Cosimo de Medici and his wife, Lucrezia Tornabuoni . He served as Prior in 1463 and as Gonfaloniere di Giustizia in 1475. His eldest son, Bernardo, married Nannina de Medici . Giovanni the Elder was well acquainted with the classics he kept a Commonplace book Zibaldone Zibaldone in which his own translations of passages from Greek and Latin authors, like Aristotle and Boethius as well as the letters of Seneca the Younger were copied out. ref Mario Emilio Cosenza, Biographical and Bibliographical Dictionary of the Italian Humanists and of the World of Classical Scholarship in Italy, 1300 1800 Vol. 5 Boston G. K. Hall, 1962 . ref Giovanni di Paolo was an outstanding patron of the arts, matched only by Cosimo de Medici in fifteenth century Florence. He commissioned works for the Palazzo Rucellai from such renowned artists as Castagno , Desiderio da Settignano , Filippo Lippi , Piero Pollaiuolo , Uccello , Verrocchio , Domenico Veneziano , Vittorio Ghiberti and Giovanni Bertini sculptor Giovanni Bertini . ref Martin Wackernagel, The World of the Florentine Renaissance Artist Projects and Patrons, Workshop and Art Market , trans. Alison Luchs Princeton Princeton UP, 1981 , pp. 226 29. ref The marble Alberti facade of Santa Maria Novella was but one of the family s donations of public art. ref Felix Gilbert, Bernardo Rucellai and the Orti Oricellari A Study on the Origin of Modern Political Thought, Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes , Vol. 12 1949 , pp. 105 ref The latter, Giovanni di Bernardo , or Giovanni II , w ... more details
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