dablink For rabbis of different epochs bearing the Gaon title see Gaon Hebrew . Eras of the Halakha Geonim ... in Islamic lands. Geonim is the plural of Gaon , which means pride or splendour in Biblical ... college president it meant something like His Excellency. The Geonim played a prominent and decisive ... shift 20, hx text Savoraim from 625 till 1050 color turkiz shift 15, hx text Geonim from 1050 till ... legend Era of the Geonim timeline div The period of the Geonim began in 589 Hebrew calendar Hebrew ... to death in 1040 hence the activity of the Geonim covers a period of nearly 450 years. There were ... gained ascendancy Louis Ginzberg in Geonica . Role in Jewish life The Geonim officiated, in the last ... of the Mishnah , gave rise to the Talmud , and while the Saboraim definitively edited it, the Geonim ... were the chief centers of Jewish learning the Geonim, the heads of these schools, were recognized ... ceased sending their questions to Babylonian Geonim. The title Gaon The title of gaon came ... Sanhedrin . In many responsa of the Geonim, members of the schools are mentioned who belonged ... sanhedrin. Gaon Amram calls them in a responsum Responsa der Geonim, ed. Lyck, No. 65 the ordained scholars ... of the Geonim Responsa See History of Responsa Geonim History of Responsa Geonim Early in the Geonic ... discursive were the responsa of the later geonim after the first half of the 9th century, when questions .... The later geonim did not restrict themselves to the Mishnah and Talmud, but used the decisions .... These responsa of the later geonim were often essays on Talmudic themes, and since a single ... been found in the Cairo Geniza h. Examples of responsa collections are Halakhot Pesukot min ha Geonim Brief Rulings of the Geonim Constantinople 1516 Sheelot u Teshuvot me ha Geonim Constantinople 1575 ... 533 responsa arranged according to subject and an index by the editor Teshuvot Ha Geonim , ed. Mussafia Lyck 1864 Teshuvot ha Geonim Shaare Teshuvah with commentary Iyye ha Yam by Israel Moses Hazan ... more details
Gaon may refer to Gaon Hebrew , means honorable sage plural Geonim Gaon village , in Hindi or Marathi or Assamese means a village Gaon Chart , record chart in South Korea A surname Yehoram Gaon , Israeli singer disambig fr Gaon homonymie ru ... more details
Geon is a term employed in several areas of knowledge In geology , geon geology geons are numerically specified geologic time intervals geological eons 100 million years long, counted backward from the present. In physics , a geon physics geon is a hypothetical gravitational wave packet confined to a compact region by the gravitational attraction of its own field energy. In psychology , geon psychology geons short for geometric ions are geometrical primitives out of which everyday objects can be represented, as suggested by psychologist Irving Biederman. Additionally Geonim Geon is short for Geonim , rabbis in the medieval era. Geon King of the Monsters Geon is a character from the King of the Monsters series of video games. Geon Emotions , a video game for Xbox 360 s Xbox Live Arcade service Geon video game a video game for PlayStation 3 s PlayStation Network and Nintendo Wii. disambig ... more details
Gaon Pride of Late medieval and modern Hebrew for genius may refer to One of the Geonim , that is to say the heads of the two major academies, at Pumbedita and Sura city Sura , and later in Baghdad, during the period 589 1040. Prominent Geonim are Amram Gaon Hai Gaon Saadia Gaon Sherira Gaon Yehudai Gaon Samuel ben Hofni An honorific title given to a few leading rabbis of other countries in the same period, such as Nissim Ben Jacob Nissim Gaon Specific rabbi s of later periods, called gaon wise The Vilna Gaon The Rogatchover Gaon The Lisser Gaon , Rabbi Jacob of Lissa The Steipler Gaon Avraham Haim Gaon Many great Rabbis, although not formally referred to as the Gaon of ... , are nonetheless sometimes lauded with this honorific as a mark of respect, and as a means to indicate greatness. See also Genius disambiguation disambig Category Orthodox rabbinic roles and titles ... more details
Saadia is a Jewish name and Arabic name . it can refer to several people Saadia Gaon Ninth century rabbi, philosopher, and exegete of the Geonim Geonic period . Saadia Afzaal Pakistani journalist and television news anchor. Saadia Marciano Israeli social activist, politician, and founder of the Black Panthers Israel Black Panthers . Saadia Himi Dutch model and beauty queen. Dany Saadia Mexican entrepreneur, screenwriter, and filmmaker. Saadia Kobashi Leader of Yemenite Jews in Israel and one of the signatories to Israel s declaration of independence. Nouara Saadia Algerian politician Saadia Ibn Danan Fifteenth century rabbi, poet, and Dayan in Grenada . disambig fr Saadia homonymie ... more details
Dodai ben Nahman was a History of the Jews in Iraq Babylonian Jewish scholar of the eighth century CE and gaon of the Talmudic academies in Babylonia Talmudic academy at Pumbedita 761 764 . Little is known of his life. He was a brother of the famous Judah ben Nahman , gaon at Sura city Sura 759 762 , and with him was instrumental in preventing the eventual founder of Karaism , Anan ben David from succeeding to the exilarchate made vacant by the death of Solomon ben Hasdai exilarch Solomon ben Hasdai and Isaac Iskoy ben Solomon , Anan s kinsmen. References http www.jewishencyclopedia.com view.jsp?artid 410&letter D&search Dodai Ginzberg, Louis and S. Mendelsohn. Dodai ben Nahman . Jewish Encyclopedia . Funk and Wagnalls, 1901 1906, which contains the following bibliography Sherira Gaon , Iggerot Heinrich Graetz Gr tz , Gesch . v. 176, 418 Halevy, Dorot ha Rishonim , iii. 81a, 102a. Category Geonim Category Iraqi Jews Category 8th century rabbis ... more details
Hezekiah Gaon or Hezekiah ben David lang he , pronounced as Chezekiah bar David was the last Gaon Hebrew Gaon of the Talmudic academies in Babylonia Talmudic academy in Pumbedita from 1038 40. Hezekiah was a member of the exilarch al family, son of David, son of Zakkai, son of Avraham, son of Nathan, son of David, a Rabbi , whose father was Hazub ref http www.angelfire.com ego et deo davidicdynasty.wps.htm ref . He was elected to the office of principal after the murder of Hai Gaon , but was denounced to the fanatical government of the Buyyids , imprisoned, and tortured to death. With him ended his family, with the exception of two sons who escaped to the Iberian Peninsula , where they found a home with Joseph ben Samuel , the son of Samuel ha Nagid . The death of Hezekiah also ended the line of the Geonim, which began four centuries before see Hanan of Iskiya , and with it the Academy of Pumbedita . The Spanish poet Hiyya al Daudi d. 1154 descended of one of the Hezekiah s sons, named David. Bibliography Rabad, Sefer ha Kabbalah Zacuto, The book of Lineage Gans, ema Dawid, i. Gr tz, Gesch. v. 428 Jost, Gesch. der Juden und Seiner Sekten, ii. 287. References JewishEncyclopedia reflist rabbi stub Category Geonim Category 11th century rabbis Category Rabbis of Academy of Pumbedita fr Hizkiya Gaon es Ezequ as Ga n ... more details
Ahavat Olam , Eternal love is the second prayer that is recited during Maariv . It is the parallel blessing to Ahava Rabbah that is recited during Shacharit , and likewise, is an expression to G d for the gift of the Torah ref ia arfe odesh By Richard N. Levy, Hillel, the Foundation for Jewish Campus Life, page 62 ref . Ahava Rabbah is recited in the morning and Ahavat Olam is recited in the evening as a compromise. Ahava Rabbah is the Ashkenazi prayer, and Ahavat Olam is the Sephardi prayer. Sephardim recite Ahavat Olam at both Shacharit and Maariv ref The JPS guide to Jewish traditions By Ronald L. Eisenberg, Jewish Publication Society, page 412 13 ref . The debate over this recitation occurred between the Geonim . Saadia Gaon had made a ruling that followed that of his predecessor Amran . The last two Geonim, Sherira Gaon and Hai Gaon , made the final ruling which stands to this day ref My People s Prayer Book Welcoming the night Minchah and Ma ariv By Lawrence A. Hoffman, Marc Brettler, page 63 ref . Theme The theme of Ahavat Olam is that G d provides love in good times and in bad. Nighttime, when there is darkness, is a time associated with danger. Nevertheless, G d provides protection at night, and the sun always rises in the morning ref The Shema Spirituality and Law in Judaism By Norman Lamm, page 103 ref . Ahavat Olam is also seen as the blessing over the mitzvah of the recitation of the Shema ref Jewish values in a changing world By Yehuda Amital, Yehudah Ami al, page 136 ref . References reflist Jewish prayers Category Maariv ... more details
the era of the Jewish Amora and Geonim sages. The academy was founded at the beginning of the second ... for about 800 years, during the course of the Amora , Savora , and Geonim eras, and up until ... Rabbah Jose and Simuna , and Geonim Rab Rabbah Gaon and Paltoi ben R. Abaye Paltoi ben Abbaye Gaon ... at Pumbedeita city in year 589 Hebrew calendar . During the era of the Geonim , the two Talmudic academies were correspondingly active as well. One of Pumbedita s Geonim Gaon s a title for the deans of these academies during the Geonim era , R. Hai ben R. David approximately in years 898 ... Gaon and his son Hai Gaon , towards the end of the era of the Geonim sages. Thousands of letters with Halacha ..., and from all around the Jewish diaspora , and the Geonim of the academy worked hard to respond to their questions ... , the era of the Geonim has ended. Exilarch Hezekiah ben David was appointed dean of the academy of Pumbedita ... Geonim era ref name List Names The list names in accordance with Hebrew Wikipedia & Jewish Encyclopedia ... table.jsp?table id 150&volid 5&title GAON Synchronistic List of the Geonim of Sura and Pumbedita ref .... 404 A Chronological List of the Geonim of Sura and Pumbedita http books.google.com books?id 8vTTCwG0nKIC ... of the era of the Geonim sages. Exilarch Hezekiah ben David Hezekiah Gaon was killed by the Muslem ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Yiram of Magdiel fl. tenth century was a minor Jewish commentator on the Bible , active in Rome . The term Magdiel , which appears in Book of Genesis Genesis 36 43, was apparently interpreted as Rome see Rashi on that verse , so that his name was really Yiram of Rome. Yiram was a younger contemporary of Saadia Gaon and perhaps even his student. He apparently wrote a commentary on the Books of Chronicles , which is only known from a handful of fragments. These were later compiled into a single document, together with the works of other commentators such as Judah ibn Kuraish . The document was edited and published in Frankfurt am Main , Germany , in 1874 under the title Ein Kommentar zur Chronik aus dem 10. Jahrhundert. From this text it seems that the original compiler of the work was critical of Yiram s interpretation of the subject matter, and said that he did not fully understand the meaning of the passages on which he commented. References JewishEncyclopedia Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH Category Geonim Category 10th century rabbis Category People from Rome city Category Bible commentators Category Year of death unknown Jewish hist stub ... more details
For the Geonim sage, see Achai Gaon . For the Amora sages see Rabbi Aha or Aha b. Jacob or Aha b. Raba . Eras of the Halakha R. Ahai lang he , read as Rav Achai sometimes recorded as R. Aha , Hebrew , read as Rav Acha was a Jewish Savora sage of the first generation of the Savora era. R. Ahai is the most recorded Savora sage in the Babylon ian Talmud . His though questions in the Talmud are excerpted as a foreword font face Georgia R. Ahai retorted ... ref ... ref font . The sages of the Land of Israel said of him epigraph quote font face Georgia Give heed to the opinion of R. Ahai for he enlightens the eyes of the exile font cite B. Talmud , Tractate Chullin , 59b As to his exact identification and period, there are number of premises. References reflist External links http www.jewishencyclopedia.com view.jsp?artid 962&letter A AHAI , Jewish Encyclopedia article Savoraim Judaism stub he Category Talmud rabbis of Babylonia ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Moses of Kiev was a History of the Jews in Russia Jewish Talmud ist who lived in the first half of the 12th century. Moses seems to have been in western Europe in consequence of the expulsion of the Jews from Kiev in 1124 comp. Firkowitz in Ha Karmel, ii.407 . It is not impossible that he was a pupil of Jacob b. Me r Tam , whom he seems to have known see Tam s Sefer ha Yashar, No. 522, p. 29a . From Russia Moses carried on a correspondence with Samuel ben Ali , the head of the Talmudic Academies in Babylonia Babylonian academy , and through Moses Western scholars learned of an important legal decision of the Geonim which had been communicated to him by Samuel Responsa of Me r b. Baruch of Rothenburg, ed. Bloch, No. 494 . Another responsum from Samuel to Moses is found in the manuscript Yi use Tanna im wa Amora im, whose author is probably Judah ben Kalonymus of Speyer . Whether or not this Moses is identical with Rabbi Moses the Russian , whom the author of Sefer ha Shoham mentions, is doubtful. Bibliography Epstein, Das Talmudische Lexicon, etc., in Monatsschrift, xxxix. 511 also printed separately idem, in Monatsschrift, xl.134. JewishEncyclopedia DEFAULTSORT Moses Of Kiev Category 12th century rabbis Category People from Kiev ... more details
For the Amora sage of Babylonia , of the first Amora generation, see Rav Kahana I . br For the Amora sage of Babylonia , of the third Amora generation, see Rav Kahana III . br For the Amora sage of Babylonia , of the fifth Amora generation, see Rav Kahana IV Eras of the Halakha Rav Kahana II lang he , read as Rav Kahana Ha sheni , lit. Rabbi Kahana II Recorded on the Talmud merely as R. Kahana was a Jewish Amora sage, active in Babylon and in the Land of Israel , and of the second generation of the Amora sages era. He was a disciple of R. Abba Arika Rav . According to the Geonim tradition, Rav Kahana was the stepson of Abba Arika from his second wife. Despite his name, that usually bears the title of Kohen presit , he was not a Cohen ref This can be learned from Tractate Hullin , 132a Talmud ref . References reflist Amoraim Category Talmud rabbis of the Land of Israel Category Talmud rabbis of Babylonia Judaism stub he ... more details
Massekhet Azilut Hebrew is an anonyomous kabalistic work from the early 14th century, the earliest literary product of the speculative Kabbala which contains the doctrine of the four graduated worlds a doctrine not contained in the Zohar as well as that of the concentration of the Divine Being. The Messekhet Atzilut opens with the following passage quotation Eliyahu opened, it is written, The secret of God is for those who fear Him . Psalms 25 14 This verse refers to the idea that even if a Jew learns Mishnah , Gemara and yet has no awe for naught does he splash in the great waters of Kabbala , he toils entirely for nothing. Every one who fears God should actively pursue the hidden aspects of Torah , which are the essence of wisdom and knowledge, God s glory is a hidden thing . Book of Proverbs Proverbs 25 2 When will you make glory for God? When you are occupied in the hidden aspects of Torah. Dating Eras of the Halakha The form in which the rudiments of the Kabala are presented here, as well as the emphasis laid on keeping the doctrine secret and on the compulsory piety of the learners, is evidence of the early date of the work. At the time when Masseket A ilut was written the Kabala had not yet become a subject of general study, but was still confined to a few of the elect. The treatment is on the whole the same as that found in the mystical writings of the time of the Geonim , with which the work has much in common hence, according to the Jewish Encyclopedia 1901 there is no reason for not regarding it as a product of that time. In contrast, Gershom Scholem considered it a 14th century work. Fact date February 2007 The doctrines of Me a ron , and of angelology especially, are identical with those of the Geonim, and the idea of the Sefirot is presented so simply and unphilosophically that one is hardly justified in assuming that it was influenced directly by any philosophical system. The book places the Archangel Metatron and the angels centered aroun ... more details
ancient authorities, like the geonim Sherira and Hai ben Sherira ref Teshubot ha Ge onim, ed. A. Harkavy ... Gedolot are elsewhere cited under the names of Geonim of that place. Interpretations and redactions ... Africa the legal decisions of the Geonim were incorporated into the book, and its whole appearance ... was used by the Babylonian geonim and by the German and northern French scholars for the citations ..., and, most important of all, legal decisions of the Geonim , usually indicated by the term shedar ... . References JewishEncyclopedia Category Geonim Category 9th century rabbis he ... more details
. Often questions were settled by a single letter, as was later the case with the Geonim, who .... 48b , the same experience befalling Mar Ukba Talmud, Sanhedrin 29a . Geonim main Geonim During the Geonim Geonic period 650 1250 CE , the Babylon ian schools were the chief centers of Jewish learning the Geonim, the heads of these schools, were recognized as the highest authorities in Halakha ... Geonim. Characteristics Geonic responsa are written in three languages, Hebrew language Hebrew ..., to the fact that the rulings of the Geonim were sent to distant lands, where the inhabitants ... to the Geonim in that tongue, whereupon the scholars of the academies used the same language in reply ... in 1516 under the title Halakot Pesukot min ha Geonim Brief Rulings of the Geonim , and in 1575 another corpus, entitled She elot u Teshubot me ha Geonim, was published in the same city. At Salonica ... with the correct explanation of passages of the Talmud. Earlier Geonim In the days of the earliest geonim the majority of the questions asked them were sent only from Babylonia and the neighboring ... in Geonim The Kallah the Kallah months to hear Talmudic explanations by leading scholars ... objection. Later Geonim More discursive were the responsa of the later geonim after the first half ... of these inquiries. The later geonim did not restrict themselves to the Mishnah and Talmud, but used ... as authoritative. These responsa of the later geonim were often essays on Talmudic themes, and since ... of the Geonim, which, for the most part, contained replies to many problems, assumed a definite ... and with his approval. Rishonim main Rishonim With the decline of the Geonim Role in Jewish life ... more details
For the Amora sage of the 1st generation, also an Exilarch , see Mar Ukva . For the Geonim sage, also an Exilarch , see Mar Ukba . Nathan de Zuzita , Jewish Amora sage of the 3d generation, whom according to Joseph ben ama Shab. 56b , is to be identified with the exilarch U ban ben Nehemiah, Joseph s contemporary first half of the 4th century , who was a contrite sinner. The Seder Olam Zu a , too, in the list of the exilarchs ref Recension A. Neubauer , M. J. C. ii. 71. ref , mentions an exilarch called Nathan U ban Nathan de u ita . Rashi gives two explanations for the surname u ita, which means literally either sparks or hair ref Compare Ezek. viii. 3. ref . Rashi explains that in touching the angel who received his repentance Nathan U ban either emitted sparks, or the angel took him by the hair. In Sanh. 31b Rashi explains the nature of Nathan s sin and says that after Nathan s repentance a radiance was seen about his head hence the name de u ita. According to the geonim ema and Saadia , Nathan U ban, when he was young, was wont to curl his hair, his surname de u ita being derived from that habit. Another interpretation is that fire would flash out from his i it, so that nobody could stand near him. As to the nature of Nathan U ban s sins and repentance see Rashi to Sanh. l.c. Rabbi A ai of Shab a , in his She eltot sections Wa era and Ki Tissa , tells almost the same story as Rashi, of a man who was called Nathan de u ita, but without mentioning either that he was likewise called U ban or that he was an exilarch. Further, this story is related by Nissim ben Jacob in his Ma aseh Nissim, at great length, Nathan being placed in the time of Akiba that is, not later than the first third of the 2nd century. It may therefore be assumed either that there were two Nathan de u itas, the second being identical with the exilarch U ban b. Nehemiah, or that Joseph b. ama must be understood as comparing U ban, in his repentance, to Nathan de u ita, who was much earlier ... more details
For the Amora sage, also an Exilarch , see Mar Ukva . For the Amora sage of the 3d generation, also an Exilarch , see Mar Ukban III exilarch also known as Ukban ben Nehemiah or Nathan de Zuzita . Eras of the Halakha Mar Ukba , an exilarch at Baghdad in the first half of the tenth century the second exilarch to die in banishment. When Kohen ede II was appointed gaon of Pumbedita he became involved in a controversy with Mar U ba over the revenues from greater Khorasan Khorasan and the caliph calif Al Mu tadir 908 932 was induced by ede s friends to depose Mar U ba. Soon afterward 917 the latter left Baghdad for Karmisin Kermanshah , but when the young calif went for the summer to his palace at Safran place Safran , Mar U ba devised a scheme to win the royal favor by meeting Al Mu tadir s secretary daily in his gardens and greeting him with the recitation of beautiful verses. These pleased the calif s secretary so much that he wrote them down and showed them to his master, who in his turn was so delighted that he sent for Mar U ba, entered into conversation with him, and asked him to express a wish, whereupon the gaon requested that he might be reinstated. The calif granted this wish, and Mar U ba soon returned to Baghdad as exilarch. Kohen ede and his friends, however, again succeeded in securing his deposition and banishment from the country, whereupon he went to Africa , and was received with high honors at Kairwan as a descendant of the royal house. A sort of throne bimah was built for him in the synagogue, near the Ark of the Law, and he was always the third to read the parashah, the Torah scroll of the Law being brought to him in his seat. Bibliography A. Neubauer , M. J. C. ii.78 79 H. Gr tz , Gesch. v.246 248, note 12 Halevi, Dorot ha Rishonim, iii.25 et seq. I.H. Weiss , Dor, iv.134 et seq. References JewishEncyclopedia Category Geonim Category Exilarchs Category 10th century rabbis ... more details
Samuel Shullam was a Jew ish physician and historian who flourished in the second half of the 16th century. He was of Sephardi Jews Spanish descent, and after an adventurous life went to Constantinople , where he was supported by Kiera Esther , who stood high in favor at the court of the sultan. At her expense he published, but with many omissions, Abraham Zacuto s Yu asin Constantinople, 1566 , to which he added the Arabic language Arabic chronology of the dynasties by the Syriac language Syriac historian Gregory Bar Hebraeus , supplemented by a Turkish language Turkish history, his own work. He published also a Hebrew translation of Josephus Contra Apionem the Letter of Sherira Gaon the account of Nathan ben Isaac Ha Babli Nathan the Babylonian of the last geonim Shullam omitted Abraham Zacuto Zacuto s report upon the Alhambra Decree expulsion of the Jews from Spain , because he himself intended to write a full history of the persecutions, a task that was accomplished by his contemporary Joseph ha Kohen in his Eme ha Baka. Jewish Encyclopedia bibliography Heinrich Graetz Gr tz, Gesch. 2d ed., ix. 403 404 Isaac Hirsch Weiss Weiss, Dor , v. 93 94. External links http www.jewishencyclopedia.com view.jsp?artid 667&letter S&search Samuel 20Shullam Jewish Encyclopedia article on Samuel Shullam , by Gotthard Deutsch and S. Mannheimer . JewishEncyclopedia DEFAULTSORT Shullam, Samuel Category 16th century Spanish people Category 16th century Turkish people Category Spanish Jews Category Turkish Jews Judaism bio stub ... more details
Eras of the Halakha Zemah ben Hayyim Hebrew was Gaon of Sura from 889 to 895. He was the stepbrother and successor of Nahshon ben Zadok , and has become known especially through the reply which he made to the inquiry of the Kairwanites regarding Eldad ha Dani . This responsum, which appeared in part in the first edition of the Shalshelet ha abbalah Venice, 1480 , was republished as completely as possible by A. Epstein in Vienna in his Eldad ha Dani. It embraces nine points and concludes with an apology for Eldad s forgetfulness. According to Epstein, only one other responsum by ema has been published it is given in the Constantinople edition of the Pardes , and ends with the same words as does the first mentioned responsum . I.H. Weiss , however, ascribes to this gaon also the authorship of responsa in Sha are ede iv., No. 14 and in the compilation emdah Genuzah Nos. 58 61, 111 131 . Nothing is known of the gaon s personal career. Jewish Encyclopedia bibliography A. Epstein , Eldad ha Dani, pp. 6 10, Presburg, 1891 Reifmann, in Ha Karmel, viii., No. 32 Monatsschrift, 1874, p. 553 Z. Frankel , ib. 1878, p. 423 Gr tz, Gesch. v. 243 245 Weiss, Dor , iv. 124, 264. External links http www.jewishencyclopedia.com view.jsp?artid 99&letter Z Jewish Encyclopedia article for Zemah ben Hayyim , by Joseph Jacobs and Schulim Ochser . JewishEncyclopedia DEFAULTSORT Zemah ben Hayyim Category Geonim Category 9th century rabbis Category Year of death unknown ... more details
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