about the Frisianlanguages, as spoken in the north of the Netherlands and Germany Frisian language disambiguation Infobox Language name Frisian nativename Frysk Fr isk Frasch br Fresk Freesk Friisk caption Bilingual sign in Frisian in Husum image Image Bilingual signs German Frisian, police station ... br flag Lower Saxony br flag Schleswig Holstein speakers 500,000 lc1 fry ld1 West Frisian ll1 West Frisian language lc2 stq ld2 Saterland Frisian ll2 Saterland Frisian language lc3 frr ld3 North Frisian ll3 North Frisian language familycolor Indo European fam2 Germanic languages Germanic fam3 West Germanic languages West Germanic fam4 Anglo Frisianlanguages Anglo Frisian script Latin alphabet ... the Seelter Buund for Sater Frisian , the Nordfriisk Instituut for North Frisian map Image Frisians.png 300px center br Original and 21st century distribution of Frisian without the island of R m Danish language . notice nonotice The Frisianlanguages are a closely related group of Germanic languages , spoken by about 500,000 members of Frisians Frisian ethnic group s, who live on the southern fringes of the North Sea in the Netherlands , and Germany . The Frisianlanguages are the second closest related living European languages to English language English , after Scots language Scots . However, modern English and Frisian are mostly unintelligible to each other. Frisianlanguages ... though in most places the Frisianlanguages have been lost. Frisian is the language most closely ... of English away from Frisian. Thus the two languages have become less mutually intelligible over time ... English and good Fries, which is pronounced more or less the same in both languagesFrisian B ter, brea ... begun at this point in time, around 1820. Family tree Each of the Frisianlanguages has several dialects ... Radio news in North FrisianFrisianlanguages West Germanic languages DEFAULTSORT FrisianLanguages Category Frisianlanguages Category Languages of the Netherlands Category Languages ... more details
familycolor Indo European fam1 Indo European languages Indo European fam2 Germanic languages Germanic fam3 West Germanic languages West Germanic child1 English languages English group child2 FrisianlanguagesFrisian group Image Europe germanic languages 2.PNG 240px thumb right West Germanic languages ... legend ff8811 English Anglo Frisian, West Germanic legend ffbb77 Frisian Anglo Frisian, West Germanic North Germanic languages legend 0000ff East Scandinavian legend 00ffff West Scandinavian legend ff0000 Line dividing the North and West Germanic languages The Anglo Frisianlanguages sometimes Insular Germanic are a group of Ingvaeonic West Germanic languages consisting of Old English language Old English , Old Frisian , and their descendants. The Anglo Frisian family tree is Anglo Frisian English languages English group Insular Anglo Frisian Anglic or Anglic English language English Scots language Scots Yola language Yola Extinct language extinct FrisianlanguagesFrisian group Continental Anglo Frisian West Frisian language West Frisian Saterland Frisian language Saterland Frisian East Frisian North Frisian language North Frisian The Anglo Frisianlanguages are distinguished from other West Germanic languages partially by the Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law , Anglo Frisian brightening ... coronal affricate consonant affricate before front vowels cf. English cheese and West Frisian tsiis to Dutch language Dutch kaas and German language German K se , or English church and West Frisian tsjerke to Dutch kerk and German Kirche . Early Anglo Frisian formed a Sprachbund with Old Saxon , which is counted among the Low Saxon Low Franconian languages. The German linguist Friedrich Maurer rejected Anglo Frisian as a historical subdivision of the Germanic languages. Instead, he proposed Ingvaeonic ... Germanic languages DEFAULTSORT Anglo FrisianLanguages Category Anglo Frisianlanguages Category ...Unreferenced date December 2009 Infobox Language family name Anglo Frisian altname Insular Germanic region ... more details
Wiktionarypar Frisian Friesian Frisian or Friesian can refer to Ethnic groups and languages Frisians , an ethnic group inhabiting Frisia, a region on the western coasts of Germany and the Netherlands Frisianlanguages , including West Frisian language , spoken in Friesland, Netherlands Saterland Frisian language , spoken in Lower Saxony, Germany North Frisian language , spoken in Schleswig Holstein, Germany Middle Frisian , spoken in Frisia from the 16th to 19th Century Old Frisian , spoken in Frisia from the 8th to 16th Century Animal breeds Friesian horse , a horse breed from Friesland Friesian cross , a cross of the Friesian horse with any other breed Friesian Sporthorse , a type of Frisian cross, bred specifically for sport horse disciplines Friesian or Holstein cattle , a widespread black and white breed of dairy cattle East Friesian sheep , a breed notable for its high production of sheep milk Other Frisian horse or cheval de frise , a type of military barrier Frisian School, a school of philosophy based on the works of Jakob Friedrich Fries Frisian Solar Challenge , a solar powered boat race Friesan Fire , a horse that ran in the 2009 Kentucky Derby See also West Frisian disambiguation East Frisian disambiguation disambig de Friesen Begriffskl rung fr Frison hu Fr z fi Friisil inen ... more details
Wangerooge East Frisian is an extinct dialect of the East Frisian language, formerly spoken on the East Frisian Islands East Frisian island of Wangerooge . Wangerooge Frisian was a part of the Weser group of dialects which included the Wangerooge and equally extinct Wursten dialect. Wangerooge Frisian held out the longest of all the Old East Frisian dialects, as it was the last dialect of Old East Frisian to die out with the last speaker dying in 1953. See also Frisia FrisianlanguagesFrisian Islands Frisians Wangerooge Wangerooge Island Saterland Frisian References http en.wikipedia.org wiki Saterland Frisian Old East Frisian and its decline Frisianlanguages Germanic languages Category Frisia Category Frisianlanguages Category Culture of Lower Saxony Category Languages of Germany ... more details
Frisian language can refer to The Frisianlanguages , a closely related group of three Germanic languages West Frisian language code fy code , spoken in the Netherlands and often known there simply as the Frisian language Saterland Frisian language Saterland Frisian code frs code or East Frisian language, spoken in Lower Saxony, Germany North Frisian language code frr code , spoken in Schleswig Holstein, Germany East Frisian Low Saxon , the West Low German dialect of East Frisia, Lower Saxony, Germany disambig bn br Frizeg dishe velout lv Fr zu valoda ta zh ... more details
Hindeloopen Frisian natively called Hylpers , and Hylpersk in standard West Frisian language West Frisian also sometimes called Hindeloopers in English language English , as it is in Dutch language Dutch is the archaic Frisian dialect of the small port city of Hindeloopen on the west coast of the Dutch province of Friesland . It has preserved much Old Frisian pronunciation and vocabulary. It is still spoken by some 300 people, almost of all of them elderly, and that number is decreasing. Written language Hindeloopen Frisian has been written since the 17th century. In 1981, the Frisian Academy published a dictionary of the dialect. Development Due to its position on a peninsula, Hindeloopen was very isolated from the mainland until the 20th century and had for centuries more contact with the coastal cities in Holland on the other side of the South Sea. Because of this, Hindeloopen Frisian underwent greater influence from Hollandic speech than the other dialects of Frisian. The location of Hindeloopen is, however, not a complete explanation for the dialect until about 1800, Koudum had had a dialect that was very similar to Hindeloopen. Differences with Standard Frisian In Hindeloopen Frisian, the l in the trigraphs ld and lt is not silent, as it is in Standard Frisian, and the vowel is longer. The Standard Frisian tsj is reduced to tj or s for example, tjian for the standard tsjin against and serke for the standard tsjerke church . The digraph ae digraph ae is still used instead ... many more words from Old Frisian that are no longer used elsewhere. The differences in pronunciation and vocabulary between Hindeloopen Frisian and Standard Frisian are so big that mutual intelligibility is difficult. However, Hindeloopen Frisian has gradually become more like standard Frisian due to increasing contact with speakers of other dialects. Frisianlanguages Category Frisianlanguages Category Languages of the Netherlands Category Friesland fy Hylpersk nl Hindeloopers nds nl Hindeloopers ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2006 Halligen Frisian Freesk is the dialect of the North Frisian language spoken on the Halligen islands, primarily Langene and Hooge island Hooge , in the Germany German region of North Frisia . Although it is spoken on islands, it is considered a mainland rather than an insular dialect due to its similarities with Goesharde Frisian . The dialect has survived despite the islands being home to less than 300 people and unprotected by dike construction dikes , mandating evacuations during storms. However, it is now in danger of extinction. Category Frisianlanguages Category Languages of Germany Category Culture of Schleswig Holstein Frisianlanguages Ie lang stub da Halligfrisisk de Halligfriesisch nl Halligers ... more details
Frisian literature is works written in the Frisianlanguages , particularly that of West Frisian language West Frisian spoken in the province of Friesland in the Netherlands , from which most texts were produced or have survived. The first texts written in Frisian emerge around the 13th century. Frisian ... Category Frisianlanguages bn ca Literatura frisona es Literatura en fris n eo Frislingva ... and Latin for all official purposes. Medieval and early modern periods Texts written in Frisian first .... In 1498, Dutch became the official language in Friesland for all purposes of writing but Frisian would ... consciously attempt to preserve their language in short written works. Middle Frisian would generally ... Frisian s worth as a written language and brought about a revival amongst other Frisian authors in appreciating ... by the eighteenth century, the end of the Middle Frisian period. Modern period Modern Frisian, beginning ... again came to appreciate their language, and scholars studied Frisian from an academic standpoint ... Halbertsma , and Tjalling Halbertsma , to create works in Frisian, including De lde Friezen . Frisian ... professor of Old Frisian at Leiden University ref Cite web title Prof.dr. R.H. Rolf Bremmer ... for study in secondary education as well. After World War II , from around 1945 to 1963, Frisian ... disappointed that he had not succeeded in creating a rapprochement between Dutch and Frisian literatures ... ref Still, Frisian literature continues to flourish at least within Friesland Frisian authors were ... newspaper Brabants Dagblad date 29 March 2006 ref and there are dozens of Frisian language authors ... time, declining sales of literature in the Netherlands have affected Frisian literature as well, with estimates of the decline in sales of Frisian literature estimated at 30 to 40 since 2000, and library loans of Frisian books in one area declining from 152,000 in 2005 to 135,000 in 2007. ref Cite ... date 7 March 2009 ref See also West Frisian language Dutch literature References Reflist External ... more details
Infobox Language name Old Frisian region Netherlands , Germany , Southern Denmark familycolor Indo European fam1 Indo European languages Indo European fam2 Germanic languages Germanic fam3 West Germanic languages West Germanic fam4 Anglo Frisianlanguages Anglo Frisian script Anglo Saxon runes br Latin alphabet iso3 ofs Old Frisian is a West Germanic languages West Germanic language spoken between ... Frisian and English Bread, butter, and green cheese is good English and good Frisian, which is pronounced more or less the same in both languagesFrisian Brea, b ter, en griene tsiis is goed Ingelsk ... afrcorp afrco.htm?afrco006.htm OFr.Corp. Skelt.Riucht Germanic philology Category Frisianlanguages ... the Frisian settlers on the coast of South Jutland today s Northern Friesland spoke Old Frisian ... personal names and place names. Old Frisian evolved into Middle Frisian spoken from the 16th to the 19th ... Belgium , to the river Weser , in northern Germany . At the time, the Frisian language was spoken ... Magna, and many of the areas within it still treasure their Frisian heritage. However by 1300, their territory had been pushed back to the Zuyder Zee now the IJsselmeer , and the Frisian language survives ... Frisian and Old English language Old English . Phonology and grammar see also Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law When followed by front vowels the Germanic IPA k softened to a IPA t sound for example, the Frisian ..., ISBN 0615168175, 9780615168173 ref Old Frisian c.1150&ndash c.1550 retained Declension grammatical .... Although the earliest written examples of Frisian stray words in a Latin context are from approximately ... and in a very early form of the Frisian language. These runic writings however usually consist ... to Old Frisian. History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary . Amsterdam and Philadelphia John Benjamins, 2009. Corpus There are some early Frisian names preserved in Latin texts, and some runic Futhorc inscriptions, but the oldest surviving texts in Old Frisian date from the 13th century, in particular ... more details
A Frisian American is an inhabitant of the United States with full or partial Frisians Frisian ancestry. The Frisians are the people from the Netherlands Dutch province Friesland Frisian Frysl n . The Frisians are closely related to the Dutch and the English. They have their own language, Frisian, which originally was the Germanic languages Germanic language closest to English, though outside influences from Dutch on Frisian and from French on English have made both languages grow ever farther apart as time went by. Frisians are an ethnic group separate from the Dutch, and are the only national minority in the Netherlands recognized as such in the Dutch constitution. Frisia lost its independence in 1498, a long time before the emergence of the United States, and hence Frisian Americans are often included within Dutch Americans . ref name Paulsen Dr. F. Paulsen, http freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com ccho Cards history usfrisians.htm Frisians in the History of the United States , Rootsweb.com , accessed 15 September 2007. ref Notable Frisian Americans Jonas Bronk immigrant after whom the New York borough of The Bronx was named. ref name Paulsen Dan Bylsma Pittsburgh Penguins head coach Reynier Jansen printer ref name Paulsen Henry K. Pasma writer ref name Paulsen David Peterson de Vries founder of New Amsterdam ref name Paulsen David Petraeus Alvin Plantinga philosopher ref name Plantinga Wikipedia, Alvin Plantinga , Wikipedia.org , accessed 15 September 2007. ref Peter Stuyvesant Director General of New Netherland ref name Paulsen Geerhardus Vos Frisian born theologian, professor of biblical theology at Princeton Theological Seminary . Lenny Dykstra former Major League Baseball player Fictional Frisian Americans Rip Van Winkle References Reflist European Americans Category Ethnic groups in the United States Category Frisia ethno stub US stub ... more details
border 1px aaaaaa solid mot style border 1px aaaaaa solid s ch References refs Frisianlanguages ie lang stub Category Frisianlanguages Category Languages of the Netherlands Category Friesland fy ...Clay Frisian West Frisian language West Frisian Klaaifrysk is a dialect of the West Frisian language spoken in the northwestern part of the Netherlands Dutch province of Friesland . It has been the primary dialect of written West Frisian since the nineteenth century as a result of its high status. Historically, this region has been the centre of commerce and politics, further contributing to Clay Frisian s primacy. Compared to other West Frisian dialects, there are few if any differences in morphology linguistics morphology or syntax but there are slight variances in lexicon . ref citebook title Germanic Standardizations Past to Present author Ana Deumert, Wim Vandenbussche year 2003 publisher John Benjamins Publishing Company isbn 9027218560 ref Comparison with Wood Frisian Phonological differences The largest difference between Clay Frisian and the eastern Wood Frisian dialect are the words my me , dy you , hy he , sy she or they , wy we , and by by , which are pronounced in the Wood Frisian as a mi , di , hi , si , wi , and bi and in Clay Frisian as mij , dij , hij , sij , wij , and bij . Other differences are in the pronouncement of the diphthongs ei , ai , and aai which are pronounced ij , ai , and aai in Wood Frisian, but i , i , and i in Clay Frisian. Thus, in Wood Frisian, there is no difference between ei and ij , whereas in Clay Frisian, there is no difference between ei and aai . Other phonology phonological differences include class wikitable width 300 style background efefef width 20 English width 20 Dutch language Dutch width 20 Wood Frisian width 20 Clay Frisian ... differences Some lexicon lexical differences between Clay Frisian and Wood Frisian include class wikitable width 300 style background efefef width 20 English width 20 Wood Frisian width 20 Clay Frisian ... more details
solid mot style border 1px aaaaaa solid s ch Category Frisianlanguages Category Languages of the Netherlands Category Friesland Frisianlanguages Ie lang stub af Woudfries fy W ldfrysk nl Woudfries nds ...Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Wood Frisian West Frisian language West Frisian W ldfrysk is a dialect of the West Frisian language spoken in the eastern part of the Netherlands Dutch province of Friesland , which is called W lden English woods . The dialect is also spoken in parts of Groningen province Groningen , the province to the east of Friesland. Comparison with Clay Frisian Phonological differences The largest difference between Wood Frisian and the northwestern Clay Frisian dialect are the words my me , dy you , hy he , sy she or they , wy we , and by by , which are pronounced in the Wood Frisian as a mi , di , hi , si , wi , and bi and in Clay Frisian as mij , dij , hij , sij , wij , and bij . Other differences are in the pronouncement of the diphthongs ei , ai , and aai which are pronounced ij , ai , and aai in Wood Frisian, but i , i , and i in Clay Frisian. Thus, in Wood Frisian, there is no difference between ei and ij , whereas in Clay Frisian, there is no difference between ei and aai . Westereendersk dialect In the town of the de Westereen , Zwagerbosch and Twijzelerheide people speak a different kind of Wood Frisian Westereendersk dialect . Other phonology phonological differences include class wikitable width 300 style background efefef width 20 English width 20 Dutch language Dutch width 20 Wood Frisian width 20 Clay Frisian style border 1px aaaaaa solid you singular style border 1px aaaaaa solid jij style border 1px aaaaaa solid d style border 1px aaaaaa solid do style border 1px aaaaaa solid plum style border 1px aaaaaa solid pruim style ... lexical differences between Wood Frisian and Clay Frisian include class wikitable width 300 style background efefef width 20 English width 20 Wood Frisian width 20 Clay Frisian style border 1px aaaaaa ... more details
Infobox Former Country native name conventional long name Frisian Kingdom br Magna Frisia common name Frisian kingdom status continent Europe region Western Europe country era year start 600 year end 734 date start date end event start event end p1 flag p1 s1 Carolingian Empire flag s1 image flag image coat symbol type image map Frisia 600 734 la.svg image map caption The Frisian Realm national motto national anthem capital Dorestad , Utrecht city Utrecht and others common languages Old Frisian religion Germanic paganism government type Monarchy Kingdom title leader King leader1 Aldgisl year leader1 c. 678 leader2 Redbad, King of the Frisians Redbad year leader2 c. 680 719 leader3 Poppo Frisian Poppo year leader3 719 734 legislature house1 house2 stat year1 stat area1 50.000 stat pop1 stat year2 stat area2 stat pop2 currency Sceat ref De eerste koningen van Nederland, p. 22, Aspekt tjouwerij, p. 205. ISBN 9789059113237 ref The Frisian Kingdom West Frisian language West Frisian Fryske Ryk ... on war bands but without great power. In the second half of the 7th century the Frisian kingship reached ... en Franken, in het hart van Nederland , page 90. ref Social classes The earliest Frisian records ... abolished, as evaporated. ref Homans 1957 pp. 198 206 describes Frisian social institutions .... ref Homans 1957, p. 202. ref History of wars main Frisian Frankish Wars The exact title of the Frisian ... them kings. Only three Frisian rulers are named in written sources. Aldgisl Under the rule of the king ... file Redbad File Frisia sceatta 715 701246.jpg thumb Frisian sceattas c.710 735 File Great fibula of Wijnaldum.jpg ... pdf file , page 795. ref Poppo In 733 Charles Martel sent an army against the Frisians. The Frisian ... returned with much loot, and broke the power of the Frisian kings for good. After the Frankish conquest After the Battle of the Boarn in 734, the Franks annexed the Frisian lands between the Vlie and the Lauwers .... Aut J.J. Kalma e.o. Geschiedenis van Friesland , 1980. DEFAULTSORT Frisian Kingdom Category 734 ... more details
The West Frisian can mean West Frisian language , the language spoken in the Friesland province of the Netherlands West Frisian dialect , the Hollandic Dutch dialect spoken in the North Holland province of the Netherlands West Frisians , people disambig fr Frison occidental homonymie nl West Fries ... more details
East Frisian also East Friesian is an adjective referring to East Frisia , a region in Germany. It can refer specifically to East Frisians , the people from the region East Friesian sheep , a breed of sheep originating there East Frisian Islands , off the coast of East Frisia East Frisian Low Saxon , the Low German dialect spoken there Ostfriesen and Alt Oldenburger , a breed of horse originating there Saterland Frisian language , a language historically spoken there and in Saterland Wangerooge Frisian language , an extinct language spoken on the Wangerooge island See also Frisian disambiguation disambig de Ostfriesisch nl Oostfries nds nl Oostfrais stq Aastfr isk ... more details
wrapper Image Waddeneilanden.PNG thumb right 250px The Frisian Islands Image W W West Frisian Islands.png ... thumb right 180px The island Trischen with the mouth of the river Elbe . The Frisian Islands ... parts of which fall dry during low tide from the North Sea . The Frisian Islands, along with the mainland coast in the German Bight , form the region of Frisia , traditional homeland of the Frisian people . Generally, the term Frisian Islands is used for the islands where FrisianlanguagesFrisian is spoken and the population is ethnically Frisians Frisian . In contrast, the term Wadden Islands is used ... slightly further to the north on the western coast of Jutland . Most of the Frisian Islands are protected ... West Frisian Islands West Frisian and the German East Frisian Islands are barrier islands. ref ... by inlet sediment bypassing East Frisian Islands, West Germany Abstract Fitzgerald, Duncan M., Penland ... the sandbanks, the land began to stabilise. ref Cite web publisher WorldAtlas.com title North Frisian ... accessdate 2007 07 24 ref On the other hand, the North Frisian Islands arose from the remains of old ... been undertaken to control the sea. At the Frisian Peins in the municipality Franeker a 40 meters ... Frisian Dutch coast The dunes south of the Wadden Sea were also liable to this process, but man s intervention ... this. The only plan ever to be carried out was the construction of a causeway from the Frisian ... anymore, and also Langeness , Oland Frisian island Oland , Nordstrandischmoor , Hamburger Hallig ... been walking , and the island recovers its lost area. Islands Dutch Wadden Islands See also West Frisian ... of Noord Holland , against the Afsluitdijk . German Wadden Islands See also East Frisian Islands North Frisian Islands from West to East and south to North Inhabited Borkum Juist Norderney Baltrum Langeoog ... area, for example a Heligolandic dialect of North Frisian is spoken here. Not all aforementioned ... Islands See also North Frisian Islands from South to North R m Mand Koresand uninhabited Fan Langli ... more details
Frisian Flag can refer to Any Frisian flag , specifically the modern flag of the Netherlands Dutch province Frysl n Friesland See Frisian Flag A dairy product company and brand using the Frisian flag as symbol, the international variant of Friesche vlag Dutch . A NATO exercise similar to Red Flag and Maple Flag flown since 1999 from an airbase in Frysl n. Disambig ... more details
the Frisian king. Some people assume that after the defeat, Poppo agreed a treaty with Charles Martel ... the Frisians in 733. With a fleet he stuck to the current Friesland and hit back against the Frisian territory of Oostergo . The following year 734 , he returned and fought the Frisian army led by Poppo in the Battle of the Boarn , with the Frisian king being killed. ref cite web url http www.boudicca.de ... 2009 01 22 language Dutch ref And with this Frankish victory, the power of the Frisian kings was broken ... more details
File De Friesche Adelaar.jpg thumb right 300px Frisian eagle is a specific Eagle heraldry heraldic eagle in a coat of arms . Frisian eagle is a half of a black double headed eagle in the golden Dexter and sinister dexter side of the Escutcheon heraldry shield Division of the field parted per pale . In other words, it is a double eagle which has been subject to dimidiation . The correct blazon in Dutch is Gedeeld I in goud een zwarte Friese adelaar komende uit de deellijn . It appears in many coats of arms from the area of the old Frisia . Heraldry stub See also Karelsprivilege Magnus Forteman Hessel Hermana Grietman Reichsadler Category Frisia Category Eagles Category Heraldic birds fy Fryske Heale Earn nl Friese adelaar ... more details
Image Friesische Seelande um 1300.png thumb 220px right Frisian lands Friese freedom or freedom of the Frisians is the absence of feudalism and serfdom in Frisia , the area that was originally inhabited by the Frisians , in particular the current provinces of Friesland and Groningen province Groningen and the area west Friesland in the Netherlands and East Friesland in Germany . In particular, it refers to the absence of a sovereign lord, at least in the absence of a lord who owned the land. The main reason for the emergence of the so called freedom of the Frisians however, given the openness towards lords moving around at the end of the 11th century developed as a result of the ongoing disputes over the count s rights. Origin The manslaughter of the Arnulf, Count of Holland count of Arnulf in 993 is the first sign of the Libertas of the Frisians . This Frisian Count was killed in a rebel ... de Gras in 1101 is regarded as the de facto beginning of the Frisian freedom . This freedom was in any ... of Holland . Nevertheless, it can be established that the Frisian region including the Ommelanden around ... , a famous Frisian folk hero and freedom fighter under whom Frisian freedom quickly and shortly revived ... of the Frisian Freedom. The absence of an effective authority also contributed to the emergence ... Thaborita . The Frisian freedom disappeared in the other Frisian areas at different times. In West Friesland the freedom ended earlier with the conquest by the counts of Holland . In the Frisian region ... able to fulfill these statements to monitor. The city was also presented as a strongly Frisian town, and as a champion of the Frisian Freedom. After seeing the power of Albert of Saxony in Friesland ... Friesland the Frisian Freedom ended in the mid fifteenth century by the rise of the house of Cirksena ... The Holy Roman Empire and the Frisian Freedom Leeuwarden 1986 MP van Buijtenen, De grondslag van de Friese vrijheid The basis of the Frisian freedom Assen 1953 . DEFAULTSORT Frisian Freedom Category ... more details
Image Kop hals romp boerderij, Noord Oost Friesland.jpg right thumb 300px A typical Frisian Head Neck Body farmhouse. Image farmhousedev1.jpg right thumb 300px Drawing of an earlier longhouse type . Image farmhousedev.jpg right thumb 300px Drawing of an earlier longhouse type in evolution. A Head Neck Body farmhouse lang nl kop hals rompboerderij or Head Neck Rump farmhouse is a typical Frisian farmhouse . ref name WSR Vollmer, Manfred et al. 2001 . Landscape and Cultural Heritage in the Wadden Sea Region , Wadden Sea Ecosystem No. 12 2001, CWSS, Wilhelmshaven, p. 323. ISSN 0946 896X. ref It consists of a House residence the head and a kitchen the neck placed in line in front of a big shed the body . A striking fact is that the residence was never built in the centre front of the shed this has to do with the origin of this type of farmhouse from a smaller type of farmhouse that has now disappeared. This original Old Frisian longhouse consisted of a residence with a cattle shed immediately behind it. The harvest was stacked in the attic or in open barns which were logically located near the livestock shed. Due to the development of better harvesting materials at the beginning of the 16th century there was a need for more storage space for the harvest. This was solved by building a bigger shed behind the head and neck of the original farmhouse. These farmhouses can be found in Friesland , Groningen province Groningen ref name WSR and in the northern part of North Holland . Although sometimes considered as typically Frisian, the origin of this kind of farmhouse is found in the Het Bildt county where for the first time intensive agriculture flourished the Bildt was especially suitable for harvesting large areas of land. Because harvest quantities became larger, the inhabitants, who were mostly of South Holland origin, were some of the first who needed more storage and ordinary ... between the typical Frisian farmhouses in northern provinces and the Bildts farmhouse s, only the Bildts ... more details
File Friesische Strasse.png right 160px Friesische Stra e The Frisian Way lang de Friesische Stra e was a medieval trade route and Reichsstra e imperial road in the northwest of Germany. It had a length of about 220 km and linked the town of Norden Ostfriesland Norden in East Frisia with M nster Westfalen M nster in Westphalia . Course The Frisian Way ran from Norden to Emden roughly along the line of the present day federal roads, the Bundesstra e 72 B 72 and Bundesstra e 210 B 210 . From Emden it ran approximately along the route of the Bundesautobahn 31 B 31 to Leer. In Leer it crossed the Ems and then ran southwards roughly parallel to the Ems on its left bank to M nster. It followed the approximate course of the Bundesstra e 436 B 436 Leer Weener , the Landesstra e L 31 Weener Rhede , Kreisstra e K 155 Rhede Heede and 156 Heede , L 48 Heede Altenlingen , K 34 Nordlohne Schepsdorf , L 40 Elbergen Emsb ren , K 327 Emsb ren Salzbergen , L 39 Salzbergen Lower Saxony North Rhine Westphalia state border and 501 state border Rheine , the federal roads of the Bundesstra e 481 B 481 Rheine Emsdetten and Bundesstra e 219 B 219 Sprakel M nster . Junctions with other roads From Leer there was an eastern road to Oldenburg Oldenburg Oldenburg that continued to Bremen . In Weener a road branched off west to Winschoten and from there to Groningen city Groningen . From Rhede there was a junction with an easterly road to Aschendorf Ems Aschendorf which continued via the geest topography geest ridges of the H mmling to Hasel nne to the Flemish Way L beck Br gge . South of Heede Emsland Heede another road from Winschoten to the trade route of the H mmling crossed the Frisian Way. West of Meppen another road branches off to Hasel nne. Southwest of Lingen the Flemish Way crosses the Frisian Way. In Rheine there were other roads running to Osnabr ck and Enschede . In M nster there were ... Way and via Warendorf to Paderborn Hesse Way . Towns along the Frisian Way Norden Ostfriesland Norden ... more details
it also had branches in South Holland . Ideology & Issues The Frisian League was a conservative ... suffrage . Representation This table shows the Frisian League s results elections to the House ... The electorate of the Frisian League was mainly constituted by adherents of the Dutch Reformed Church ... As a party for Protestant dissenters of a catholic Protestant alliance the Frisian League is a unique ... more details
File PC2007 ympresje heale finale.jpg thumb Frisian handball in Franeker Friesian handball West Frisian language Frisian Keatsen , lang nl Kaatsen is a traditional Friesian sport, related to American handball and fives , that is most commonly practiced by people from the northern province of Frysl n Friesland . It is believed to be one of the oldest ballgames and was an unofficial Demonstration sport at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam . The score is similar to tennis. The first team scoring six games, wins the match. Rules The major Friesian handball tournament, called the P.C. short for Permanent Committee , is the oldest regulated sports tournament in the world. The P.C. is yearly held in the city of Franeker since 1854. Friesian handball is played on a rectangular lawn of 61 m by 32 m by two teams of 3 players. In the center of one short side of the field is a receiving zone of 5 m by 19 m defended by 2 players, the other team member remaining field player. One of the opponents serves the hard leather ball with his bare hand from a serving box at about 30 meters from the receiving zone. If he does not succeed in reaching the receiving zone, the receiving team gets a direct score. When the receiving team, of which the players are allowed to wear a single hardened leather glove , returns the ball over the short line behind the serving box called the upper line, in Friesian boppe they also get a direct score. Of course, the serving team is allowed to prevent this happening by hitting or holding the ball before the upper line. The place where the ball remains after such a rally is marked with a small woodblock called a kaats , which is best defined as an undecided score. When two such undecided points occur or one, if one of the teams is on game point the teams change places. In the next rally, the team that then has the receiving position, tries to hit the ball past ... Commons Frisian handball http www.frnp knk.be Belgian Federation http www.knkb.nl KNKB Dutch Federation ... more details
Depending on the way one counts, the West Frisian language Frisian alphabet contains between 25 and 32 characters Letters align center border 2 cellpadding 4 cellspacing 0 style margin 1em 1em 1em 0 border 1px aaa solid border collapse collapse font size 12px text align center align center colspan 13 Capital letters align center A B C D E F G H I Y J K L align center M N O P Q R S T U V W X Z align center colspan 13 Capital letters with diacritics align center align center colspan 13 Lower case letters align center a b c d e f g h i y j k l align center m n o p q r s t u v w x z align center colspan 13 Lower case letters with diacritics align center align center colspan 13 Names align center aa bee see dee ee ef gee haa ii jee kaa el align center em en oo pee kuu er es tee uu fee wee iks set Alphabetical order In alphabetical listings both I and Y are usually found between H and J. When two words differ only because one has I and the other one has Y stikje stykje , the word with I precedes the one with Y. In handwritings, IJ is written as a single letter see IJ digraph , whereas in print the string IJ is used. In alphabetical listings IJ is most commonly considered to consist of the two letters I and J, although in dictionaries there is an entry IJ between X and Z telling the user to look browse back to I. Alternatively, Y and IJ are rarely considered either variants of one letter positioned between X and Z, or two separate letters ordered in the alphabet as X IJ Y Z. Gouden Gids bv has used the latter ordering system in the past for its bilingual Frisian Dutch telephone directory Nationale telefoongids . Capital IJ is quite rare. It only shows in the word ijsko ice cream and in some names. Capital C, V and Z are mainly used for English loanwords ... holds for letters not common in the Frisian alphabet. The diaeresis or trema is used on vowel letters ... Frisian spelling http www.omniglot.com writing frisian.htm Omniglot Category Latin derived alphabets ... more details
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