Image Port wine.jpg thumb 300px A glass of port wine port , a fortifiedwine. Fortifiedwine is wine ... Fortifiedwine is distinguished from Distilled beverage spirits made from wine in that spirits are produced by means of distillation , while fortifiedwine is simply wine that has had a spirit added to it. Many different styles of fortifiedwine have been developed, including Port wine port , sherry ..., the sweeter the resulting wine will be. For drier fortifiedwine styles, such as sherry , the alcohol is added shortly before or after the end of the fermentation. In the case of some fortifiedwine ... Madeira is a fortifiedwine made in the Madeira Islands . The wine is produced in a variety of styles ... Wordsworth Port wine Main Port wine Port wine also known simply as Port is a fortifiedwine from the Douro ... thumb left 250px A degustation of Sherry sherries . Main Sherry Sherry is a fortifiedwine ... law ref After Fermentation wine fermentation is complete, sherry is fortified with brandy . Because ... being added later. In contrast, port wine for example is fortified halfway through its fermentation ... sweeter versions known as oloroso s. Vermouth Main Vermouth Vermouth is a fortifiedwine flavored ... fortified wines typically made from white Muscat grape and wine Muscat grapes or red Grenache grapes ... thewinedoctor.com ref Low end fortified wines Main Low end fortifiedwine Inexpensive fortified ... have urged makers of inexpensive fortifiedwine, including E & J Gallo Winery , to stop providing ... Fortified wines are often termed dessert wine s in the United States to avoid association with hard ... ref Under European Union legislation, a liqueur wine is a fortifiedwine that contains not less than ... Wine Low end fortifiedwine Vin de liqueur References Reflist 2 External links Wiktionary http www.thatsthespirit.com EN winewine fortified.asp Fortified Wines A description. http www.musingsonthevine.com tips des2.shtml Dessert Wines FortifiedWine Production. Cite web title Port Production accessdate ... more details
lead too short date June 2010 Low end fortified wines are inexpensive fortifiedwine s that typically ... MD 20 20 often called by its nickname Mad Dog is an American fortifiedwine. MD 20 20 has an alcohol ... brand of low end fortifiedwine, marketed as port wine , infamous for many severe cases of poisoning ... to come by. But fortifiedwine, or medicinal wine tonic containing about 20 percent alcohol, which made ... one wine. Thunderbird and Wild Irish Rose, to name two examples, are fortified wines. American wine ... to describe those unfortunate souls who turned to fortifiedwine to forget their troubles ... See also Fortifiedwine Jug wine Malt liquor References reflist wines Category Wine terms Category Fortifiedwine fr Cisco vin lt Ra alas g rimas ru ... is the Brand brand name of a highly alcoholic wine based beverage, produced by the Centerra Wine ..., was often mistaken for a wine cooler . The Federal Trade Commission required the company to put a label on the bottle stating that Cisco was not a wine cooler, and to change its marketing strategy from Takes You By Surprise. ref Canandaigua Wine Co. Agrees To Advertising, Packaging Changes http www.ftc.gov ... & J Gallo Winery , and were a large part of that company s early success. Ripple was a fortifiedwine produced by E & J Gallo Winery ref cite web url http www.epicurious.com drinking wine dictionary entry?id 6303 title E & J Gallo Winery accessdate work The Wine Lover s Companion publisher Epicurious ... wine champagne called Champipple. Night Train Express usually abbreviated to Night Train typically contains ... by Centerra Wine Company, which is part of the Constellation Brands organization. It was introduced ... alcohol by volume. Buckfast Tonic Wine is a caffeine and sugar laced red wine with added alcohol, produced ... 1 hi magazine 5381360.stm date 2006 09 26 ref Stones Green Ginger Wine is a ginger based wine, produced ... date February 2011 . Scotsmac is a blend of wine and whisky sold in the UK. It typically retails for about ... more details
A fortified house is a type of building which developed in Europe during the Middle Ages. See also Tower house Manor house Fortified houses in Ireland br arch stub DEFAULTSORT Fortified House Category Fortification Category Castles by type de Festes Haus fr Maison forte ... more details
In early Europe , fortified churches have often been used for defensive purposes in time of war. Some church building churches were specially designed to incorporate military features, such as thick walls and narrow, defensive windows. Sometimes churches were surrounded by an outer wall, such as Fortified Church of St. Arbogast St Arbogast , Muttenz , Switzerland . High concentration of fortified churches can be found in parts of Europe where there was a lot of hand to hand warfare, for example in the Dordogne region of France , which was fought over by France and England in medieval times, and in Transylvania , which was the scene of Ottoman Empire Ottoman invasions. Poland A rare surviving example of a European fortress church used for defensive purposes is the St. Andrew s Church, Krak w ... of the highest numbers of existing fortified churches from the 13th to 16th centuries. ref name unesco http whc.unesco.org en list 596 Villages with Fortified Churches in Transylvania. UNESCO World Heritage Centre 1992 2010 ref More than 150 villages in the area count various types of fortified churches ... of Villages with fortified churches in Transylvania . United Kingdom There are medieval fortified churches ... philipdavis Indexs EngCounty EE.html List of Fortified Ecclesiastical Sites churches and monastries ... Image St. Arbogast 2.jpg Fortified church in Muttenz , Switzerland Image Fort eglise rudelle.jpg Castle ..., Boltongate Image Prejmer Fortified Church I.jpg Prejmer fortified church, Transylvania Image Biertan church with protecting walls.jpg Biertan fortified church, Transylvania Image Mosna Fortified Church side view.jpg Mo na, Sibiu Mo na fortified church, Transylvania Image Dealu Frumos Fortified Church I.jpg Merghindeal Dealu Frumos fortified church, Transylvania gallery Notes and references Reflist Peter Harrison, Castles of God fortified religious buildings of the world pl icon http www.albumromanski.pl ... See also Fortress synagogues Tangyud Monastery Commonscat inline Fortified churches Category Fortified ... more details
Infobox VG title image File FortifiedZone box.jpg 250px Fortified Zone caption North American box art for Fortified Zone developer Jaleco publisher Jaleco released vgrelease JP February 26, 1991 NA September 1991 genre Shoot em up Run and gun Run and gun Shoot em up Multidirectional shooter Multi directional shooter modes Single player video game Single player ratings platforms Game Boy media 256 kilobit ROM cartridge cartridge nihongo Fortified Zone Ikari no Y sai The Fortress of Fury is a video game developed by Jaleco and released worldwide for the Game Boy on February 26, 1991. Story Fortified Zone s plot follows two Mercenaries named Masato Kanzaki and Mizuki Makimura as they infiltrate a literal fortified zone, where they must take on mercenaries, soldiers, robots and monsters before destroying the central complex at the fortified zone s heart. Gameplay Fortified Zone was ahead of its time in allowing the player to switch between characters during game play. Each character has their own strengths and weaknesses Masato the male mercenary uses all the special weapons, but cannot jump. Mizuki the female mercenary can jump, but cannot use the special weapons. A top down shoot em up, the game had four multi room levels, titled Field , Jungle , Caves and Complex . At the end of each level the player faces a boss character a cannon installation, a supertank, a dragon, a bulldozer and a large assault vehicle as the final boss. Items that can be picked up in gameplay include medical packs, flamethrowers, hand grenades, rocket launchers, 3 way machine guns and chain guns. Sequels The game was the first entry in the Ikari no Y sai series, and was followed by two sequels Ikari ... Ikari no Y sai 2 at http www.jalecogames.co.jp index.html Jaleco ja moby game id fortified zone name Fortified Zone Category 1991 video games Category Action video games Category Jaleco games Category Ikari no Yousai Category Game Boy only games runandgun videogame stub it Fortified Zone ja ... more details
Italictitle The Fortified Castle Al Qala ah Al Hasinah is Saddam Hussein s Saddam Hussein s novels third of four novels . The book involves political metaphor. It is a 713 pages and was published in 2001. ref cite news url http news.bbc.co.uk 2 hi entertainment 1721628.stm title Saddam second novel in print publisher BBC News Online accessdate 2010 04 28 date 2001 12 20 ref It is another allegory allegorical work. It concerns the delayed wedding of the Iraqi hero, who fought in the war against Iran, to a Kurd ish girl. There are three characters the two brothers Sabah and Mahmud, from rural area from the west bank of the Tigris River from a farming family coming, and a young woman Shatrin from Suleimaniya . They all go into the same university in Baghdad. Sabah is a war hero from the days of the Battle of New Qadisiyya Iran Iraq war , during which he was wounded in the leg and taken prisoner of war in Iran, from which he finally manage to escape with a few friends. Shatrin from Suleimaniya is the representative for the Kurds. The power of the fortified castle a reference to Iraq lies in its unity despite proposals to divide the property, the hero s mother refuses. She also states that it cannot be purchased with money Only those who give it their blood and defend it are its rightful owners. ref http memri.org bin articles.cgi?Page countries&Area iraq&ID SP50903 ref See also Saddam Hussein s novels References Reflist External links http www.saddam hussein.eu the fortified castle.html summary in german Saddam Hussein DEFAULTSORT Fortified Castle Category Novels by Saddam Hussein Category 2001 novels ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Context date October 2009 A Fortified District refers to the Japanese Army and in certain cases the Imperial Japanese Navy Japanese Navy defensive fortified organization in World War II. It was created in the districts of Manchukuo Chosen in Korea Karafuto Southern Sakhalin and the Kurile Islands a front of over 6,000 kilometers. The Japanese forces had built 17 fortified districts and over 4,500 permanent emplacements along the USSR border. Other similar structures were constructed inland in these provinces. In similar form it organized other fortified districts inside mainland Japan coastal and inner mountainous areas and overseas provinces Taiwan Formosa , Ryukyu , South Pacific Mandate , etc. Such installations that were constructed for defensive offensive purposes were used by both sides. They were designed by the Japanese and used by the Russians during August Storm operations in August 1945, when fire from heavy guns on land and coastal Tochkas was used against Japanese forces. Examples of heavy Japanese fortified artillery Type 94 37mm anti tank AT Gun Type 1 37mm AT Gun Type 1 47mm AT Gun Type 92 70mm Infantry Gun Type 98 20mm AA Cannon Type 2 20mm AA Cannon Type 4 20mm AA Twin Cannon Type 11 75mm AA Gun Type 88 75mm AA Gun Type 4 75mm AA Gun Type 99 88mm AA Gun Type 14 10 cm AA Gun Type 3 12 cm AA Gun Type 5 15 cm AA Gun Kugayama Cannon 28 cm Heavy Howitzer Type 38 15 cm Howitzer Type 45 24 cm Howitzer Type 45 15 cm Gun Type 7 30 cm Howitzer Type 7 10 cm Gun Type 7 15 cm Gun Type 11 75mm Gun Type 89 15 cm Gun Type 96 24 cm Howitzer Type 96 15 cm Gun Experimental 41 cm Howitzer Type 90 24 cm Railway Gun Futtsu Cannon and other types of special heavy artillery ... Manchouli Kotou Fuyuan Sungari and the Japanese Army Sungari Flotilla Hsinking fortified district defense center Tuntsiang defense center Futsing fortified district with five permanent emplacements, a munitions ... more details
Image SDJ Harlech Castle Gatehouse.jpg thumb 250px Gate towers at Harlech Castle A fortified tower also defensive tower or castle tower or, in context, just tower is one of the defensive structures used in fortifications, such as castles, along with curtain wall fortification curtain wall s. Castle towers can have a variety of different shapes and fulfil different functions. Shape of towers Rectangular towers Square or rectangular towers are easy to construct and give a good amount of usable internal space. Their disadvantage is that the corners are vulnerable to mining. Despite this vulnerability, rectangular towers continued to be used, and Muslim military architecture generally favoured them. ref name Kennedy Kennedy 2000 . ref Round towers Round towers, also called drum towers ref http www.castlewales.com drum.html www.castlewales.com ref , are more resistant to siege technology such as sappers and projectile s than square towers. The round front is more resistant than the straight side of a square tower, just as a load bearing arch . This principle was already understood in antiquity. ref name Kennedy Horseshoe shaped towers The horseshoe shaped or D shaped tower is a compromise that gives the best of a round and a square tower. The semicircular side the one facing the attacker could resist siege engines, while the rectangular part at the back gives internal space and a large fighting platform on top. ref name Kennedy The large towers at Krak des Chevaliers and the gate towers at Harlech are good examples. Armenian castles such as Lampron also favoured this style. Polygonal towers A common form is the octagonal tower, used in some bergfried s and at Castel del Monte, Apulia Castel del Monte in Italy. There are also hybrid shapes. For instance, the keep at Ch teau Gaillard is round, but also has a triangular beak to deflect projectiles. Towers with specific functions Wall towers provide flanking fire from crossbow s to a straight part of the curtain wall. Corner ... more details
fortified to make them richer and sweeter. Some wine labels suggest opening the bottle ...Other uses pp move indef double image right White Wine Glas.jpg 120 Red Wine Glas.jpg 120 Wine glass es of white left and red wine right Yellow cartouche Red cartouche File 16th century wine press.jpg thumb right 16th century wine press File Banquet Louvre G133.jpg thumb Wine boy at a symposium Wine is an alcoholic beverage , made of fermentation wine fermented fruit juice, usually from grape s. ref name britannica cite encyclopedia encyclopedia Encyclop dia Britannica title wine url http www.britannica.com eb article 9106005 wine accessdate 25 June 2008 publisher Encyclop dia Britannica Online ... s, enzyme s, or other nutrient s. ref cite book title Vintage The Story of Wine last Johnson first H. year 1989 publisher Simon & Schuster isbn 0671791826 pages 11 6 ref Grape wine is produced by fermenting ... types of wine. Wines made from other fruits, such as apples and berries, are normally named after the fruit from which they are produced for example, Apfelwein apple wine or elderberry wine and are generically called fruit wine or country wine not to be confused with the French language French term vin de pays . Others, such as barley wine and rice wine i.e., sake , are made from starch based materials and resemble beer and Distilled beverage spirit more than wine, while ginger wine is Fortifiedwinefortified with brandy . In these cases, the term wine refers to the higher alcohol content rather than production process. ref cite web url http www.avbc.com news BW.html title Barley Wine accessdate ... 27 February 2008 ref The commercial use of the England English word wine and its equivalent in other languages is protected by law in many jurisdictions. ref name Wine Label decoder cite book last George first Rosemary title The Simon & Schuster Pocket Wine Label Decoder year 1991 publisher Fireside isbn 978 0671728977 ref Wine has a rich history dating back thousands of years, with the earliest ... more details
File Biserica Fortificata din Axente Sever Sibiu Poza 4.JPG thumb right Fortified church of Axente Sever ... Fortified church of Cristian, Sibiu . File Copsa mare.jpg thumb right Fortified church of Cop a Mare . File HonigbergKirchenburg1.jpg thumb right Fortified church of H rman, Bra ov H rman . File Holzmengen Fogarascher Berge.jpg thumb right Nocrich Hosman and its fortified church. File Jakobsdorf Torturm.jpg thumb right Fortified church of Iacobeni, Sibiu Iacobeni village File Mosna Fortified Church side view.jpg thumb right Fortified church of Mo na, Sibiu Mo na . File Hundertbuecheln 2.jpg thumb right Fortified church of Movile . File Rotbav Fortified Church.jpg thumb right Fortified church of Rotbav . File Saxon Fortified Church Saes.JPG thumb right Fortified church of Apold ae . File Kisselyk er dtemplom.jpg thumb right Fortified church of eica Mic . File RO SB Tapu evangelical church.jpg thumb right Fortified church of Mic sasa apu . File Valea Viilor Centru.jpg thumb right Fortified church of Valea Viilor . File Nagyajtai unitarius templom.JPG thumb right Fortified church of Aita Mare . File Karcfalva1.jpg thumb right Fortified church of C r a, Harghita . File Saint John Church in Delne.JPG thumb right Fortified church of P uleni Ciuc Delni a . South eastern Transylvania region in Romania has one of the highest numbers of existing fortified churches from the 13th to 16th centuries. ref name unesco http whc.unesco.org en list 596 Villages with Fortified Churches in Transylvania ... types of fortified churches, seven of them being included in the UNESCO World Heritage Site World Heritage under the name of Villages with fortified churches in Transylvania . Here is the still incomplete list of Transylvanian towns and villages having a fortified church in good shape. List of Transylvanian ... Misentea Racu S nzieni Sf ntu Gheorghe Turia, Covasna Turia Z bala See also Villages with fortified ... Fortified churches in Transylvania Fortified churches in Transylvania en de ro hu http www.fortified ... more details
The Fortified House in Scotland is a five volume book by the Scotland Scottish author Nigel Tranter . Written between 1962 and 1970, it covers almost seven hundred buildings in Scotland which fall under the general description of fortalices, lesser castles , peel tower s, keep s and defensible lairds houses ref Tranter, N. The Fortified House in Scotland , Vol 1 1962 ref . As such castles are included although not the largest examples like Edinburgh Castle Edinburgh or Stirling Castle Stirling castles , as well as many smaller, semi ruinous tower house s. Tranter illustrated each one with pen and ink sketches. The work was an expansion of The Fortalices and Early Mansions of Southern Scotland 1400 1650 , which Tranter had written in the 1930s. However, much of the updated work has itself been superseded or has fallen out of date, and the author never claimed the work to be scholarly. However original first editions are very collectable, as are complete sets. The first four original volumes were published by Oliver & Boyd , with the fifth by W. & R. Chambers . The work was reprinted in 1977 and 1986 by James Thin , under their imprint of The Mercat Press . Tranter made some revisions to the material for the reprints, but they were not described as revised or second editions. The additional ... Architecture books Fortified House in Scotland, The Category Books about Scotland Fortified House in Scotland, The Category Castles in Scotland Fortified House in Scotland, The Category Houses in Scotland Fortified House in Scotland, The Category Scottish architecture Fortified House in Scotland, The Category Scottish non fiction literature Fortified House in Scotland, The Category 1962 books Fortified House in Scotland, The Category 1963 books Fortified House in Scotland, The Category 1965 books Fortified House in Scotland, The Category 1966 books Fortified House in Scotland, The Category 1970 books Fortified House in Scotland, The ... more details
yet defendable. The Fortified House was a public display of power and wealth. They represented a long ... of a Fortified House represented the owners desire to modernise and Anglicize. ref cite web url http ... The Fortified Houses of County Cork Origin, fabric, form, function and social space , The Proceedings ... http www.jpnunan.com fortifiedhouse review.html The Fortified House A Review DEFAULTSORT Fortified ... more details
Infobox military unit unit name Dardanelles Fortified Area Command image Image Dardanelles defences 1915.png 300px caption The Dardanelles defenses in February March 1915, showing naval mine minefields , anti submarine net s and major gun batteries. dates 1911 1949 country Ottoman Empire br Turkey allegiance branch type Fortified Area Commands of the Ottoman Empire Fortified Area Command role size command structure garrison anakkale garrison label equipment equipment label nickname patron List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire Sultans of the Ottoman Empire motto colors colors label march mascot battles Naval operations in the Dardanelles Campaign World War I anniversaries decorations battle honours Commanders current commander current commander label ceremonial chief ceremonial chief label colonel of the regiment colonel of the regiment label notable commanders Mirliva Fahri Pasha br Mirliva ... label identification symbol 2 identification symbol 2 label The Dardanelles Fortified Area Command or Mediterranean Strait Fortified Area Command or anakkale Fortified Area Command Turkish language ... was the Ottoman fortified area command that was formed to defend against attacks on the Dardanelles ... the creation of corps level headquarters, by 1911 the fortified area command was headquartered in anakkale , under the command of II Corps Ottoman Empire II Corps . The Dardanelles Fortified Area ..., 1912 1913 , Westport, Praeger, 2003, pp. 371 372. ref Dardanelles Fortified Area Command ..., Praeger, 2003, pp. 153 158. ref Dardanelles Fortified Area Command anakkale, Commander Mirliva ... Fortified Area was first class fortified area, the commander of this fortified area was given the corps authority. It was headquartered in anakkale. The formation of the fortified area in 1915 was as follows ... needed date November 2010 ref Dardanelles Fortified Area Command, anakkale 2nd Heavy Artillery ... Company Mine Detachment Searchlight Detachment 8 searchlight Fortified Area Ammunition Depot ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2008 22nd Karelian Fortified Region KaUR lang ru is a 60 km wide area of Soviet Union Soviet defensive fortifications to the north of Leningrad now Saint Petersburg that was built in 1928 1932, 1938 1939, 1941 1944 and 1950 1965 in the Soviet part of Karelian Isthmus among other fortified areas so called Stalin Line constructed around that time in order to protect western borders of the Soviet Union. KaUR spans along the old Finland Finno Russian SFSR Russian border from Valkeasaari near the northern shore of the Gulf of Finland through Lempaala to Nizhniye Nikulyasy Bay on the western shore of Lake Ladoga . Its commander in 1941 was General Major Mikhail Andrianovich Popov. See also Mannerheim Line Salpa Line Molotov Line Stalin Line commonscat Karelian Fortified Region Category Karelian Isthmus Category World War II defensive lines Category Military units and formations of the Soviet Union in World War II russia mil stub soviet stub ru ... more details
Infobox nrhp name Fortified Hill Works nrhp type image Fortified Hill Works Squier and Davis Plate VI.jpg caption 19th century plan of the Works nearest city Hamilton, Ohio Hamilton , Ohio location Western side of the Great Miami River , convert 3 mi km below Hamilton lat degrees 39 lat minutes 21 lat seconds 45.75 lat direction N long degrees 84 long minutes 35 long seconds 33 long direction W coord display inline,title coord parameters region US type landmark locmapin Ohio architect architecture added July 12, 1974 area convert 20 acre governing body Private refnum 74001403 ref name nris NRISref 2009a ref Fortified Hill Works is a registered historic site near Hamilton, Ohio Hamilton , Ohio , listed in the National Register of Historic Places National Register on 1974 07 12. Historic uses Fortification Notes Reflist Hopewellian peoples Pre Columbian North America National Register of Historic Places NRHP in Butler County, Ohio Category Hopewellian peoples Category Native American history of Ohio Category Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio ButlerOH NRHP struct stub ... more details
File Muttenz St Arbogast.jpg thumb Fortified Church of St. Arbogast The Fortified Church of St. Arbogast in the Switzerland Swiss Municipalities of Switzerland municipality of Muttenz in Basel Country is the only church in Switzerland that is surrounded by a defensive wall. It is an example of the fortified church type of construction, and is a Swiss Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance heritage site of national significance ref cite web url http www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch internet bs de home themen kgs kgs inventar a objekte.parsys.000101.DownloadFile.tmp bl.pdf title Kantonsliste A Objekte Basel Landschaft year 2009 work http www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch internet bs de home themen kgs kgs inventar.html KGS Inventar publisher Federal Office of Civil Protection language German accessdate 12 July 2010 ref The fortified church of St. Arbogast, serving the local evangelical community, was built in the late Middle Ages . Its surrounding seven metre tall ramparts built in the 15th century are still intact. A charnal house was built adjoining the church in the 15th century. Wall paintings made in 1513 were painted over following the Protestant Reformation , but were restored during a complete renovation in the 1970s. ref http www.baselland.ch docs kultur kf muttenz kirche baugeschichte.htm Dorfkirche Muttenz Baugeschichte ref ref Hans Eppens, Baukultur im alten Basel , Frobenius A.G. 1937 ref References reflist Muttenz Gesicht einer aufstrebenden Stadtsiedlung Kanton Basel Landschaft, 1968 de icon Werner Meyer Burgen von A bis Z, Burgenlexikon der Regio Basel, 1981 de icon External links http www.bl.ch docs kultur kf muttenz kirche main muttenz kirche.htm Art and Architecture guide, information on St. Arbogast can be found under ... 47 31 20 N 7 38 44 E region CH BL type landmark display title DEFAULTSORT Fortified Church Of St ... Churches in Switzerland Category Fortified churches als Wehrkirche St. Arbogast de Wehrkirche St ... more details
The Fortified Region of Metz comprised the central and most heavily fortified portion of the Maginot Line . The region was established in 1926 as a military organization for the French fortifications along the frontier with Luxembourg and Germany to the east of Longuyon in northeastern France, forming a shield to the north of the industrialized areas of Metz and Thionville . The region was dissolved ... was divided into four sectors Fortified Sector of the Crusnes Fortified Sector of Thionville Fortified Sector of Boulay Fortified Sector of Faulquemont The region was given the highest priority in funding ... French territory. The second part of the recommendation was to involve the creation of fortified regions regions fortifi s in which an enemy could be confronted. The initially recommended fortified regions included The Rhine frontier, with two fortified regions, one to the south of Mulhouse and a northern ..., and supporters of Marshal Joseph Joffre , who advocated fortified regions like the ring ... unfortified. The final report recommended three fortified regions File GO Latiremont B6 2004 04 02.jpg thumb right 280px Block 6, Ouvrage Latiremont The Fortified Region of Metz Thionville Longwy The Fortified Region of the Lauter The Fortified region of Belfort Fortified Region of Belfort The CDT ... identified routes. It reiterated the proposed fortified regions around Metz, Belfort and along the Lauter. The report formalized the concept of the fortified region, to be about convert 60 km mi ... sectors. The Fortified Region of Metz was organized as the 6th Military Region in peacetime .... ref name hetou9 Mary, Tome 3, p. 79 ref The Fortified Region of Metz was disestablished on 18 March ... de K rengat from the Fort de Saint Julien at Metz. After the dissolution of the fortified region ... in 1940 Maginot Line list DEFAULTSORT Metz, Fortified Region Of Category Maginot Line Category French border defenses before World War II Category Fortified Region of Metz ... more details
Infobox World Heritage Site WHS Villages with Fortified Churches in Transylvania Image File Kirchenburg Birth lm.jpg 250px imagecaption Biertan village and fortified church State Party ROU Type Cultural Criteria iv ID 596 Region List of World Heritage Sites in Europe Europe and North America Year 1993 Session 17th Extension 1999 Link http whc.unesco.org en list 596 Transylvanian Saxons Saxon and Sz kely Transylvanian villages were often organised around a fortified church . With its more than 150 well preserved fortified churches of a great variety of architectural styles out of an original 300 foritifed churches , south eastern Transylvania region in Romania currently has one of the highest numbers of existing fortified churches from the 13th to 16th centuries. ref name unesco http whc.unesco.org en list 596 Villages with Fortified Churches in Transylvania. UNESCO World Heritage Centre 1992 2010 ref A group of six Transylvanian Saxons Saxon and one Sz kely villages is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site TOC The list Main List of fortified churches in Transylvania The seven villages listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site class wikitable style width 45em background white margin left 1em cellpadding 2 style background e3e3e3 Name County German Hungarian name UNESCO name Biertan Sibiu ... fully fortified, and the smaller communities created fortifications centered around the church, where ... villages with fortified churches on the site of the Institute for Cultural Memory http www.medievaltransylvania.com Saxon fortified churches and citadels from Transylvania http www.mihaieminescutrust.org ... on worldheritagesite.org http www.fortified churches.com Saxon fortified churches in Transylvania http romania travelguide.info index.php?option com content&task view&id 32&Itemid 46 Fortified ... RO display title DEFAULTSORT Fortified Churches In Transylvania Categories Category World Heritage Sites in Romania Category History of Transylvania Category Fortified churches Category Tourism ... more details
In the early spring of 1939, when German troops occupied Bohemia , the Poles realised that the Fortified ... Wehrmacht did not attack Polish fortified positions directly instead the Germans broke Polish defence ... fortifications are under care of the Society to Preserve Fortified Monuments Pro Fortalicium ... Sarny Fortified Area Hel Fortified Area References Reflist External links http www.profort.org.pl Society to Preserve Fortified Monuments Pro Fortalicium http 149.156.142.12 fotki ows 20dk g32 1.htm Map of Polish defence positions coord missing Poland DEFAULTSORT Fortified Area Of Silesia Category History ... more details
Adolphe S r de Rivi res . The fortified region of Belfort runs between Fort de Giromagny, part of the High ... of the program was to transform the Belfort area into a fortified camp. The fortified camp concept ... of the 19th century the fortified camp of Belfort included the original fortified belt built between ... of fortified regions regions fortifi s in which an enemy could be confronted. The initially recommended fortified regions included The Rhine frontier, with two fortified regions, one to the south of Mulhouse ... therefore been fortified already. ref name hetou1 1 Mary, Tome 1, p. 12 ref A renewed RF Belfort .... The final report recommended three fortified regions The Fortified Region of Metz Thionville Longwy The Fortified Region of the Lauter The Fortified Region of Belfort The report did not make ... designated the Fortified Region of Belfort, with rough equivalence to an army corps. A more ambitious ... the forts. The Fortified Region of Belfort was under the command of the French 8th Army, Third Army Group in 1940, with subordinate sectors including the Fortified Sector of Montb liard Defensive Sector of Montb liard , Fortified Sector of Altkirch Defensive Sector of Altkirch and the Fortified Sector ... Category Fortified cities Category Fortified region of Belfort fr Place fortifi e de Belfort nl Gefortificeerde ... more details
The Fortified Sector of Flanders Secteur Fortifi des Flandres was the French military organization that in 1940 controlled the section of the France French border with Belgium between Lille and the North Sea . The sector was part of a system of fortifications that, in other sectors, included the Maginot Line . In the case of the Flanders sector, no large fortifications of the kind typified by the Maginot Line were built in the area. Fortifications were confined to almost two hundred blockhouses built during the 1930s, and some defensive inundations in the vicinity of Dunkirk . The Fortified Sector of Flanders was bordered on the east by the Fortified Sector of Lille It was quickly overrun by German forces during the Battle of France . Concept and organization Unlike the Maginot fortifications, the Flanders sector fortifications were comparatively light structures built close to the frontier. Most were built in the 1930s. About 200 blockhouse were builtalong the Belgian border. Scattered among the smaller blockhouses were more elaborate blockhouses termed positions of resistance , designed either by local forces or by the Service Technique du G nie STG , the French Army engineering corps. Most of the larger positions were built in 1939 40, but none approached the scale of Maginot fortifications. ref name hetou3 1 cite book last Mary first Jean Yves coauthors Hohnadel, Alain Sicard, Jacques title Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 3 publisher Histoire & Collections year 2003 page 62 isbn 2 913903 88 6 language French ref A secondary line, running east west and perpendicular to the frontier in the area, was termed the Cassel Belt Bretelle de Cassel . It consisted of eight STG casemates, whose armament a GFM cloche , was never installed. ref name hetou3 1 Command In 1940 the Flanders sector was under the overall command of the Seventh Army France French 7th Army ... reflist Fortifications of the French Frontier in 1940 DEFAULTSORT Flanders, Fortified Sector Of Category ... more details
The Fortified Sector of Montb liard Secteur Fortifi de Montb liard was the French military organization that in 1940 controlled the section of the French border with Switzerland in the vicinity of Montb liard . The Montb liard sector stands in the vicinity of the Belfort Gap , a traditional invasion route into eastern France. However, the area was lightly defended, as the Swiss border was not regarded as an area with a high risk of invasion, and because the left bank of the Rhine was firmly in French hands. Concept and organization File 2011 03 09 fort du lomont 3.jpg thumb right 220px Fort du Lomont The Montb liard sector was chiefly composed of old S r de Rivi res system fortifications constructed to defend the Belfort Gap. The main positions were the Fort du Mont Bart and the Fort du Lomont . ref name hetou3 2 cite book last Mary first Jean Yves coauthors Hohnadel, Alain Sicard, Jacques title Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 3 publisher Histoire & Collections year 2003 page 1152 isbn 2 913903 88 6 language French ref Command The Montb liard sector was under the command of the Fortified region of Belfort Fortified Region of Belfort until 16 March 1940, when the Belfort region became the 44th Army Fortress Corps 44e Corps d Arm e de Forteresse , retaining the Montb liard sector under its command.The sector s commanding general was General de Bizemont until 19 May 1940, then Colonel Gard, with a command post at the Fort de Lomont. The sector was known as the Defensive Sector of Montb liard until 16 March 1940. No field army forces were assigned to the sector. ref name hetou3 2 At the mid point of the Battle of France on 1 June 1940, the troops of the SF Montb liard amounted to a chasseurs pyr n ens regiment in two battalions, comprising 235 officers and 7,390 ... 646 1 Fortifications of the French Frontier in 1940 DEFAULTSORT Montbeliard, Fortified Sector Of Category French border defenses before World War II Category Fortified Sector of Montb liard ... more details
No footnotes date April 2009 Campaignbox Polish September Campaign Sarny Fortified Area known in Polish in several names Sarne ski Rejon Umocniony , Sarne ski Odcinek Umocniony , Bastion Polesie was a line of bunkers and trenches along both sides of the Sluch river, in the area of the town of Sarny , northern Volhynia in Ukraine . In the interbellum period Sarny belonged to the Second Polish Republic , it was located close to the border with the Soviet Union . As Polish military authorities regarded the Soviets as the main threat see Plan Wschod , in 1936 construction of fortifications began. It was planned to be fully operational in the spring of 1940. Total length of the defence works was some 170 kilometers, number of objects 358. Structure Depth of defence works was up to 5 kilometers, they were connected by the radio, but walls of some bunkers were so thick that operators had to go outside. In every bunker there were up to 30 soldiers of the Border Defence Corps KOP , they were equipped with 75 mm cannons and machine guns. The Border Defence Corps Regiment Sarny , which operated the Area, was very well trained and its soldiers, including W adys aw Raginis , distinguished themselves during the Battle of Wizna see Polish September Campaign , and in other battlefields in the area of Osowiec and Upper Silesia , where up to 80 of KOP died or were wounded. Polish September Campaign Those soldiers who remained in the Sarny Fortified Area were ordered in mid September 1939 to abandon the bunkers and move with their equipment towards the Romanian Bridgehead . On September 16, 1939, the eve of Invasion of Poland 281939 29 Phase 2 Soviet aggression Soviet attack on Poland , there were ... to unload the stuff and take up defence positions. The Sarny Fortified Area was attacked by the Soviet ... ind9909a&L poland l&T 0&P 817 See also Hel Fortified Area Fortified Area of Silesia External links http ukrfort.io.com.ua album38068 Ukrainian page with current photos of the Sarny Fortified Area coord ... more details
The Fortified Sector of the Jura Secteur Fortifi e du Jura was the French military organization that in 1940 controlled the French frontier with Switzerland in the general area of Besan on . The area was lightly fortified, since the Swiss border was regarded as a low risk frontier, save for the possibility of an advance from Germany through Switzerland into France. The Jura Mountains and the Doubs river Doubs River presented natural barriers to invasion, allowing defenses to concentrate on a few points of potential access. The SF Jura was bordered on the east by the Fortified Sector of Montb liard . ref name hetou1 1 cite book last Mary first Jean Yves coauthors Hohnadel, Alain Sicard, Jacques title Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 1 publisher Histoire & Collections year 2001 page 15 isbn 2 908182 88 2 language French ref ref Mary, Tome 1, p. 15 ref Concept and organization The sector s chief fortifications were old S r de Rivi res system S r de Rivi res positions like the Fort de Joux , Fort de Larmont and the Fort Saint Antione . A late effort in 1939 1940 constructed the CEZF Line, consisting of two sections of casemates. The northern section around Morteau consisted of four casemates, of fourteen proposed. The southern section around Pontarlier consisted of three completed of six casemates proposed. Road barriers were built at Goumois , La Goule , Biaufond and La Rasse . Crossings of the Doubs were fortified at Villiers le Lac , Morteau , Pont de la Roche and La Cluse . ref name hetou3 1 cite book last Mary first Jean Yves coauthors Hohnadel, Alain Sicard, Jacques title Hommes et Ouvrages de la Ligne Maginot, Tome 3 publisher Histoire & Collections year 2003 page 152 isbn 2 913903 88 6 language French ref Command The Jura sector was under the command General ... of the French Frontier in 1940 DEFAULTSORT Jura, Fortified Sector Of The Category French border defenses before World War II Category Fortified Sector of the Jura ... more details
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