Infobox Embryology Name PAGENAME Latin GraySubject 241 GrayPage 1101 Image Gray27.png Caption Diagram showing the expansion of amnion and delimitation of the umbilicus . Image2 Digestive system showing bile duct.png Caption2 Termination of the foregut. System CarnegieStage 9 Precursor Mesenchyme GivesRiseTo MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre f 13 DorlandsSuf 12374452 The foregut is the anterior part of the alimentary canal , from the mouth to the duodenum at the entrance of the bile duct . At this point it is continuous with the midgut . Pain in the foregut is typically referred to the epigastric region, just below the intersection of the ribs. Structures of the foregut are Esophagus Stomach Duodenum 1st and 2nd parts Liver Gallbladder Pancreas Spleen Note that it is located in the foregut region, but is not a gut organ Superior portion of pancreas Arterial supply to all these structures is from the celiac trunk , and venous drainage is by the portal venous system . Lymph from these organs is drained to the prevertebral celiac nodes at the origin of the celiac artery from the aorta . See also Midgut Hindgut External links EmbryologyUNC digest 008 MedicalMnemonics 2452 http sprojects.mmi.mcgill.ca embryology gi fg.htm Foregut embryology at mcgill.ca developmental biology stub digestive stub Development of digestive system Category Embryology de Vorderdarm eo Anta intesto ... more details
Foregut fermentation is a form of digestion that occurs in the foregut of some animals. It has convergent evolution evolved independently in several groups of mammals, and also in the hoatzin bird. All ruminant s use foregut fermentation, whereas only some rodent s and marsupials do. It has also evolved in colobine monkeys and in sloth s. ref cite web url http www.mapoflife.org topics topic 573 Foregut fermentation in mammals title Foregut fermentation in mammals publisher Map of Life date 2010 07 22 accessdate 2010 11 11 ref References Reflist Category Digestive system ... more details
Infobox Embryology Name PAGENAME Latin GraySubject GrayPage Image Illu small intestine.jpg Caption The midgut and hindgut. Image2 Caption2 System CarnegieStage 10 Precursor Mesenchyme GivesRiseTo MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre m 16 DorlandsSuf 12535859 The midgut is the portion of the embryo from which most of the intestines develop. After it bends around the superior mesenteric artery , it is called the midgut loop . It comprises the portion of the alimentary canal from the end of the foregut at the opening of the bile duct to the hindgut , about two thirds of the way through the transverse colon. Structures in the adult midgut Duodenum distal half of 2nd part, 3rd and 4th parts Jejunum Ileum Cecum Vermiform appendix Appendix Ascending colon Hepatic flexure of colon. Transverse colon proximal two thirds Vascular, lymphatics and innervation Arterial supply to the midgut is from the superior mesenteric artery , an unpaired branch of the aorta . Venous drainage is to the portal venous system . Lymph from the midgut drains to prevertebral superior mesenteric nodes located at the origin of the superior mesenteric artery from the aorta. Portal drainage carries all non lipid nutrients from digestion to the liver for processing and detoxification, while lymphatic drainage carries fatty chyle to the cisterna chyli . Autonomic innervation of the midgut is from the superior mesenteric plexus . Clinical notes Malrotation of the midgut during development can lead to volvulus . Pain in the midgut is referred to the umbilical region around the umbilicus belly button . See also Foregut Hindgut External links EmbryologyUNC digest 020 eMedicine radio 450 Midgut Volvulus Chorus 00494 http www.med.umich.edu lrc coursepages M1 embryology embryo 10digestivesystem.htm Umich.edu development digestive stub developmental biology stub Development of digestive system Category Embryology de Mitteldarm ... more details
Infobox Embryology Name Laryngotracheal groove Latin GraySubject 235 GrayPage 1071 Image Gray947.png Caption The head and neck of a human embryo thirty two days old, seen from the ventral surface. The floor of the mouth and pharynx have been removed. Laryngo tracheal tube labeled at lower left, second from bottom. Image2 Caption2 System CarnegieStage Days 28 Precursor endoderm ref http www.llu.edu llu medicine anatomy glossary syllabus resp.html LLU Medicine Anatomy Histology Mentor Respiratory Bot generated title ref GivesRiseTo MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre g 12 DorlandsSuf 12402602 The laryngotracheal groove is a precursor for the larynx and Vertebrate trachea trachea . The rudiment of the respiratory organs appears as a median longitudinal groove in the ventral wall of the pharynx. The groove deepens and its lips fuse to form a septum which grows from below upward and converts the groove into a tube, the Laryngotracheal groove or laryngo tracheal tube , the cephalic end of which opens into the pharynx by a slit like aperture formed by the persistent anterior part of the groove. Initially the cephalic end is in open communication with the foregut but eventually it becomes separated by indentations of mesoderm, the tracheoesophageal folds . When the tracheoesphageal folds fuse in the midline to form the tracheoesophageal septum , the foregut is divided into trachea ventrally and the esophagus dorsally. The tube is lined by endoderm from which the epithelial lining of the respiratory tract is developed. The cephalic part of the tube becomes the larynx, and its next succeeding part the trachea, while from its caudal end two lateral outgrowths, the right and left lung buds, arise, that branch into main primary , lobar secondary , segmental tertiary , and subsegmental bronchi and lead to development of the lungs.The Hox complex, FGF 10 fibroblast growth factor , BMP 4 bone morphogenetic protein , N myc a proto oncogene , syndecan a proteglycan , tenascin an extracel ... more details
within it to form the liver and thus gives rise to the ventral mesentery of the foregut, which in turn ... of the foregut to differentiate towards a hepatic fate ref Carlson, B Human Embryology and Developmental ... more details
Infobox Embryology Name Hindgut Latin GraySubject 241 GrayPage 1101 Image Gray472.png Caption Profile view of a human embryo estimated at twenty or twenty one days old. Hindgut labeled at lower left. Image2 Gray1118.png Caption2 Primitive kidney and Urinary bladder bladder , from a reconstruction. Hindgut labeled at upper right. System CarnegieStage 10 Precursor Mesenchyme GivesRiseTo MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre e 11 DorlandsSuf 12337302 The hindgut or epigaster is the Posterior anatomy posterior caudal part of the alimentary canal . In mammals, it includes the distal third of the transverse colon and the splenic flexure , the descending colon , sigmoid colon and rectum . Blood flow Arterial supply is by the Inferior mesenteric artery , and venous drainage is to the portal venous system . Lymphatic drainage is to the chyle cistern . Autonomic innervation The hindgut is innervated via the inferior mesenteric plexus . Sympathetic innervation is from the Lumbar splanchnic nerves L1 L2 , parasympathetic innervation is from S2 S4. Additional images gallery Image Gray985.png Abdominal part of digestive tube and its attachment to the primitive or common mesentery. Human embryo of six weeks. Image Gray1115.png Tail end of human embryo twenty five to twenty nine days old. gallery See also Foregut Midgut External links EmbryologyUNC digest 035 Development of digestive system Category Colon anatomy digestive stub developmental biology stub ms Usus belakang ... more details
Infobox Nerve Name PAGENAME Latin ganglia aorticorenalia GraySubject 220 GrayPage 85 Image Gray847.png Caption Abdominal portion of the sympathetic trunk , with the celiac plexus and hypogastric plexus . Aorticorenal ganglion labeled at right, fourth from the top. Image2 Caption2 Innervates BranchFrom celiac ganglion BranchTo MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre g 02 DorlandsSuf 12384250 Sympathetic input to the gut comes from the sympathetic chain next to the thoracic vertebrae. The upper nerve supply leaves the sympathetic chain by the Thoracic splanchnic nerves greater splanchnic nerve and synapses in the Celiac ganglia celiac ganglion before proceeding onto the foregut. Below this the Thoracic splanchnic nerves lesser splanchnic nerve leaves the sympathetic chain and synapses at the superior mesenteric ganglion before supplying the midgut. Below this the Thoracic splanchnic nerves least splanchic nerve leaves the sympatheic chain to synapse at the aorticorenal ganglion , before going onto also supply the midgut. External links DartmouthHumanAnatomy figures chapter 30 30 4.HTM DartmouthHumanAnatomy figures chapter 32 32 6.HTM Gray s Autonomic Category Sympathetic nervous system neuroscience stub ... more details
Infobox Embryology Name Pancreatic bud Latin GraySubject GrayPage Image Gray982.png Caption Sketches in profile of two stages in the development of the human digestive tube. His. A X 30. B X 20. Image2 Gray989.png Caption2 Schematic figure of the bursa omentalis, etc. Human embryo of eight weeks. System CarnegieStage Precursor Foregut superior portion GivesRiseTo Pancreas , pancreatic duct MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre d 26 DorlandsSuf 12310132 The ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds or pancreatic diverticula are outgrowths of the duodenum during human embryogenesis . They join together to form the adult pancreas . The dorsal pancreatic bud gives rise to the accessory pancreatic duct , while the ventral pancreatic bud gives rise to the major pancreatic duct . In pancreas divisum , the buds fail to fuse. Additional images gallery Image Gray1101.png Pancreas of a human embryo of five weeks. Image Gray1102.png Pancreas of a human embryo at end of sixth week. Image with unknown copyright status removed Image Pancreas embryology.PNG Pancreas embryology deletable image caption 1 subst time l, j F Y 7 days gallery External links EmbryologyUNC digest 019 EmbryologyUNSW Notes endocrine10 EmbryologySwiss sdigestive pankreas01 http anatomy.med.umich.edu modules peritoneal dev module peritoneal 07.html Gray s Development of digestive system Category Developmental biology Category Embryology digestive stub developmental biology stub ... more details
Infobox Embryology Name Lung buds Latin GraySubject 235 GrayPage 1071 Image Gray948.png Caption Lung buds from a human embryo of about four weeks, showing commencing lobulations. Image2 Gray949.png Caption2 Lungs of a human embryo more advanced in development. System CarnegieStage Days 28 Precursor foregut ventral GivesRiseTo MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre b 25 DorlandsSuf 12199615 The cephalic part of the laryngo tracheal tube becomes the larynx , and its next succeeding part the Vertebrate trachea trachea , while from its caudal end two lateral outgrowths, the right and left lung buds , arise, and from them the bronchi and lungs are developed. External links eMedicineDictionary respiratory diverticulum EmbryologyUNC digest 012a EmbryologyUNC digest 013 EmbryologySwiss rrespiratory phasen02 http embryology.med.unsw.edu.au Notes coelom3.htm Histology at med.unsw.edu.au http embryo.chronolab.com respiratory.htm Diagram at chronolab.com Gray s Development of respiratory system Category Developmental biology Category Embryology respiratory stub developmental biology stub ... more details
Infobox Embryology Name Tracheoesophageal septum Latin GraySubject GrayPage Image Caption Image2 Caption2 System CarnegieStage Days 26 Precursor tracheoesophageal folds ref http www.med.umich.edu lrc coursepages M1 embryology embryo 14respiratorysystem.htm Respiratory System Bot generated title ref GivesRiseTo MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre s 08 DorlandsSuf 12730645 The tracheoesophageal septum is formed from the tracheoesophageal folds which fuse in the midline to form a structure called tracheoesophageal septum . It divides the esophagus from the Vertebrate trachea trachea . It divides the foregut tube into the laryngotracheal tube ventrally and esophagus dorsally. ref http www.med.mun.ca anatomyts digest agutdev.htm Development of the Digestive System Bot generated title ref Developmental abnormalities can lead to a tracheoesophageal fistula . ref Cite web url http www.aafp.org afp 990215ap 910.html title Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula February 15, 1999 American Academy of Family Physicians accessdate 2007 11 11 work ref References references Development of digestive system Anatomy stub Category Head and neck ... more details
Taxobox name Raphitominae image Phymorhynchus castaneus shell.png image caption shell of Phymorhynchus castaneus regnum Animal ia phylum Mollusca classis Gastropoda unranked familia clade Caenogastropoda br clade Hypsogastropoda br clade Neogastropoda superfamilia Conoidea familia Conidae subfamilia Raphitominae subfamilia authority A. Bellardi , 1875 synonyms ref ref name Bouchet 2005 synonyms Daphnellinae Casey, 1904 Taraninae Casey, 1904 Thatcheriidae Powell, 1942 Pleurotomellinae F. Nordsieck, 1968 Andoniinae Vera Pelaez, 2002 Raphitominae is a Family biology subfamily of small to quite large sea snail s, marine ocean marine gastropod mollusk s in the family Conidae . ref cite web url http paleodb.org cgi bin bridge.pl?action basicTaxonInfo&taxon no 121085 title Paleobiology Database Raphitominae publisher Paleodb.org date accessdate 2011 01 05 ref ref name Bouchet 2005 Bouchet 2005 ref References reflist Further reading Kantor Y. I. & Taylor J. D. 2002 . Foregut anatomy and relationships of raphitomine gastropods Gastropoda Conoidea Raphitominae . In Systematics, Phylogeny and Biology of the Neogastropoda. Ed by Oliverio, M. and R. Chemello, editors. Boll Malacologico . Suppl. 5 161 174. Category Raphitominae Category Conidae conidae stub pt Raphitominae vi Raphitominae ... more details
University Press volume 252 issue 2 pages 251 262 doi 10.1111 j.1469 7998.2000.tb00620.x ref The foregut structure of the anterior alimentary system has the least derived foregut anatomy of all ... ref Taylor, J.D., Kantor, Y.I& Sysoev, A.V.,1993 . Foregut anatomy, feeding mechanisms, reletionships ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Uncinate process of pancreas Latin processus uncinatus pancreatis GraySubject 251 GrayPage 1200 Image illu pancreas duodenum.jpg Caption 1 Head of pancreas BR 2 Uncinate process of pancreas BR 3 Pancreatic notch BR 4 Body of pancreas BR 5 Anterior surface of pancreas BR 6 Inferior surface of pancreas BR 7 Superior margin of pancreas BR 8 Anterior margin of pancreas BR 9 Inferior margin of pancreas BR 10 Omental tuber BR 11 Tail of pancreas BR 12 Duodenum Image2 Caption2 System Artery superior mesenteric artery MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre p 34 DorlandsSuf 12667716 In the head of the pancreas , the angle of junction of the lower and left lateral borders forms a prolongation, termed the uncinate process . During the embryonic development of the distal foregut , the duodenum c shape is formed while rotating the ventral pancreatic bud into the dorsal bud. The dorsal and ventral pancreatic bud s fuse. The dorsal pancreatic bud becomes the body, tail, and isthmus of the pancreas and the ventral pancreatic bud forms the pancreatic head and uncinate process. Note the uncinate process, unlike the remainder of the organ, passes posteriorly to the superior mesenteric vessels. External links eMedicineDictionary uncinate process of pancreas SUNYAnatomyLabs 39 09 01 06 The Pancreas SUNYAnatomyFigs 39 03 11 The duodenum and pancreas. NormanAnatomy pancreas Gray s Digestive glands DEFAULTSORT Uncinate Process Of Pancreas Category Pancreas anatomy digestive stub ... more details
John Paget Figg Hoblyn b. January 25, 1926 , Ph.D Biological science , was a university professor, and taxonomist . He was educated at Stanford University , California , United States . Academic career His doctorate dissertation in entomology was titled Morphology of the Head and Foregut of Neomachilis Halophilus which was published in 1977 by the Dept. of Biological Sciences. In 1953 he described a unique species of jewel beetle that he had discovered. It was given the name Acmaeodera nanbrownae Figg Hoblyn , 1953 and is from the kingdom Animalia animals, phylum Arthropoda arthropods, class Insecta insects, order Coleoptera beetles, family Buprestidae jewel beetles . ref http www.biolib.cz en taxon id404328 Acmaeodera nanbrownae Figg Hoblyn, 1953 from the BioLib website ref Dr. Figg Hoblyn used to have a lab. at Stanford University and taught at San Jose State University. External links http www.kin.co.uk news 33.html http www.telegraph.co.uk news main.jhtml?xml news 2007 02 22 nestate22.xml Heir refuses to claim 5m estate Daily Telegraph article. 23 February 2007 http news.bbc.co.uk 1 hi england cornwall 6394539.stm Mystery over heir to 5m fortune BBC News story http estatelaw.hullandhull.com 2007 03 articles blog posts hull on estates the unwilling beneficiary The Unwilling Beneficiary Toronto Law Firm Hull & Hull webpage References references Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Figg Hoblyn, John Paget ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Figg Hoblyn, John Paget Category Missing people Category Possibly living people Category 1926 births Category American biologists Category California scholars Category Stanford University faculty Category American academics Category Taxonomists ... more details
The development of human lung arises from the laryngotracheal groove . The larynx , Vertebrate trachea trachea , bronchus bronchi and lungs begin to form during the fourth week of embryonic development. ref name Moore 2002 cite book author Moore KL, Persaud TVN title The Developing Human Clinically Oriented Embryology edition 7th ed. publisher Saunders year 2002 id ISBN 0 7216 9412 8 ref At this time, the respiratory diverticulum lung bud appears ventrally to the caudal portion of the foregut . The location of the diverticulum along the gut tube is directed by various signals from the surrounding mesenchyme , including fibroblast growth factors . As the lung bud grows, its distal end enlarges to form the tracheal bud . At the same time the future trachea separates from the foregut through the formation of tracheoesophageal ridge s, which fuse to form the tracheoesophageal septum . The tracheal bud divides into two primary bronchial bud s. During the fifth week of development, the bronchial buds enlarge to form right and left main bronchi. These continue to develop into secondary bronchus secondary and tertiary bronchus tertiary bronchi . Phases The maturation of the lungs occurs in several phases ref name Sadler 2003 cite book author Sadler T title Langman s Medical Embryology edition 9th ed. publisher Lippincott Williams & Wilkins year 2003 id ISBN 0 7817 4310 9 ref class wikitable Period Time Description Pseudoglandular period also known as glandular period ref name isbn0 7817 5309 0 cite book author Kyung Won, PhD. Chung title Gross Anatomy Board Review publisher Lippincott Williams & Wilkins location Hagerstown, MD year 2005 pages 156 isbn 0 7817 5309 0 oclc doi ref weeks 6 to 16 The developing lung resembles an endocrine gland at this time. By the end of this period, all of the major lung elements, except those required for gas exchange e.g. alveolus alveoli , have appeared. Respiration is not possible during this phase, and fetuses born during this period are ... more details
About a radiography method the espionage technique canary trap Image Maag.jpg thumb X ray of the stomach with both positive barium sulphate and negative CO sub 2 sub radiocontrast . A barium meal , also known as an upper gastrointestinal series is a procedure in which X ray radiographs of the esophagus , stomach and duodenum are taken after barium sulfate is ingested by a patient. Barium meals are useful in the diagnosis of structural and motility abnormalities of the foregut . The gastrointestinal tract, like other soft tissue structures, does not show clearly enough for diagnostic purposes on plain radiographs. Barium salts are radioopaque they show clearly on a radiograph. If barium is swallowed before radiographs are taken, the barium within the esophagus, stomach or duodenum shows the shape of the lumina of these organs. Liquid suspensions of barium sulfate are non toxic, apart from a small risk of producing a disturbance in bowel function for 48 hours after ingestion. They usually have a chalky taste that can be disguised by adding flavours. ref http www.fmh.org body.cfm?id 181 Upper G.I. Barium Swallow Bot generated title ref A barium meal usually takes less than an hour. The patient ingests gas pellets and citric acid to expand the stomach. Then about 3 cups about 709mL of Barium is ingested. The patient may move or roll over to coat the stomach and esophagus in barium. A needle may also be used to relax the muscle between the stomach and the duodenum. Following these preparations, an x ray is taken. There are two varieties of barium meal single and double contrast meals. A single contrast meal uses only barium, a radioopaque or positive contrast medium, to image the upper gastrointestinal tract. A double contrast meal uses barium as well as a radiolucent or negative contrast medium such as air, nitrogen , or carbon dioxide . The double contrast meal is more useful as a diagnostic test, demonstrating mucosal details and allowing the detection of small mucosa ... more details
foregut and midgut lies just below the major duodenal papilla. Third part The third inferior horizontal ... between these sources is important as it demarcates the foregut from the midgut. Proximal to the 2nd ... more details
Image stomatogastric ganglion.jpg thumb alt stomatogastric ganglion text The photo shows the stomatogastric ganglion STG of a Jonah crab Cancer borealis , taken by Marie Suver California Institute of Technology with permission during the Neural Systems & Behavior course at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, MA. The STG contains the somata of 26 neurons that belong to two central pattern generating neural circuits gastric mill and pyloric circuit The Stomatogastric Nervous System STNS is a commonly studied neural network composed of several ganglion ganglia in arthropod s that controls the motion of the gut and foregut. The network of neurons acts as a central pattern generator . It is a model system for motor pattern generation because of the small number of cells, which are comparatively large and can be reliably identified. The system is composed of the stomatogastric ganglion STG , oesophageal ganglion and the paired commissural ganglia . Because of the many similarities between vertebrate and invertebrate systems, especially with regards to basic principles of neuronal function, invertebrate model systems such as the crustacean stomatogastric nervous system continue to provide key insight into how neural circuits operate in the numerically larger and less accessible vertebrate CNS. Understanding how neuronal networks enable animals and humans to make coordinated movements is a continuing goal of neuroscience research. The stomatogastric nervous system of decapod crustaceans, which controls aspects of feeding, has contributed significantly to the general principles guiding our present understanding of how rhythmic motor circuits operate at the cellular level. Rhythmic behaviors include all motor acts that at their core involve a rhythmic repeating set of movements. The circuits underlying such rhythmic behaviors, central pattern generator s CPGs , all operate on the same general principles. These networks remain rhythmic in the completely isolated ne ... more details
Distinguish2 the Duodenal cap also known as the Duodenal Ampulla, the first part of the duodenum Infobox Anatomy Name Ampulla of Vater Latin Ampulla hepatopancreatica, ampulla Vaterii GraySubject 250 GrayPage 1199 Image Biliary system new.svg Caption A diagram of the Biliary system . Note that the ampulla of Vater is behind the Major duodenal papilla . Image2 Ampulla endo.jpg Width 200px Caption2 The Major duodenal papilla , seen on duodenoscopy at the time of ERCP . This is the protrusion of the ampulla of Vater into the duodenum. System Precursor MeshName Ampulla of Vater MeshNumber A03.159.183.079.300.950 DorlandsPre a 32 DorlandsSuf 12127886 Template Bile ducts and pancreas The ampulla of Vater , also known as the lang la hepatopancreatic ampulla , is formed by the union of the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct . The ampulla is specifically located at the major duodenal papilla . The ampulla of Vater is an important landmark, halfway along the second part of the duodenum , that marks the anatomical transition from foregut to midgut and hence the point where the celiac trunk stops supplying the gut and the superior mesenteric artery takes over . Function Various smooth muscle sphincter s regulate the flow of bile and pancreatic juice through the ampulla the sphincter of the pancreatic duct , the sphincter of the bile duct , and the hepatopancreatic sphincter Sphincter of Oddi . The sphincter of Oddi controls the introduction of bile and pancreatic secretions into the duodenum, as well as preventing the entry of duodenal contents into the ampulla. Related disorders Pancreatitis can result from a failure of pancreatic secretions to drain properly. One possible cause of impaired drainage of pancreatic juice is blockage of the hepatopancreatic ampulla. A common culprit to cause blockage is a gallstone in the common bile duct . Eponym The eponymical term ampulla of Vater is named after Abraham Vater 1684 1751 , a German anatomist who first published a descripti ... more details
Infobox Nerve Name Thoracic splanchnic nerves Latin GraySubject 217 GrayPage 981 Image Gray838.png Caption The right sympathetic chain and its connections with the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic plexuses. Greater and lesser splanchnic nerves labeled at left. Image2 Gray847.png Caption2 Abdominal portion of the sympathetic trunk, with the celiac and hypogastric plexuses. Greater splanchnic and lowest splanchnic labeled at upper left. Greater splanchnic and lesser splanchnic labeled at upper right. Innervates BranchFrom thoracic ganglia BranchTo MeshName Splanchnic Nerves MeshNumber A08.800.050.050.800 Thoracic splanchnic nerves are splanchnic nerves that arise from the sympathetic trunk in the thorax and travel inferiorly to provide sympathetic innervation to the abdomen . The nerves contain preganglionic sympathetic and visceral afferent fibers. There are three main thoracic splanchnic nerves class wikitable Name Ganglia Description greater ref DorlandsDict six 000071188 greater splanchnic nerve ref T5 T9 or T5 T10 ref name norman NormanAnatomy thoraxlesson5 ref The nerve travels through the Thoracic diaphragm diaphragm and enters the abdominal cavity, where its fibers synapse at the celiac ganglia . The nerve contributes to the celiac plexus , a network of nerves located in the vicinity of where the celiac trunk branches from the abdominal aorta . The fibers in this nerve modulate the activity of the enteric nervous system of the foregut . They also provide the sympathetic innervation to the adrenal medulla , stimulating catecholamine release. lesser ref name DorlandsLesser DorlandsDict six 000071189 lesser splanchnic nerve ref T9 T12, T9 T10 ref name DorlandsLesser , T10 T12, or T10 T11 ref name norman The nerve travels inferiorly, lateral to the greater splanchnic nerve. Its fibers synapse with their postganglionic counterparts in the superior mesenteric ganglia , or in the aorticorenal ganglion . The nerve modulates the activity of the enteric nervous system of ... more details
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