Image Sbus das fddi.jpg thumb Dual attach FDDI Board FiberDistributedDataInterface FDDI provides a 100 Mbit s optical standard for data transmission in a local area network that can extend in range up to 200 kilometers 124 miles . Although FDDI logical topology is a ring based token network, it does not use the IEEE 802.5 token ring Communications protocol protocol as its basis instead, its protocol is derived from the IEEE 802.4 token bus timed token protocol. In addition to covering large geographical areas, FDDI local area networks can support thousands of users. As a standard underlying medium it uses optical fiber , although it can use copper cable, in which case it may be refer to as CDDI Copper DistributedDataInterface . FDDI offers both a Dual Attached Station DAS , counter rotating token ring topology and a Single Attached Station SAS , token bus passing ring topology. FDDI was considered an attractive campus backbone technology in the early to mid 1990s since existing Ethernet networks only offered 10 Mbit s transfer speeds and Token Ring networks only offered ... FOLDOC Category Network protocols Category Link protocols ar bs FiberDistributedDataInterface bg FDDI cs Fiberdistributeddatainterface de FiberDistributedDataInterface es FiberDistributedDataInterface eu FDDI fr FiberDistributedDataInterface gl FiberDistributedDataInterface id FDDI it Fiberdistributeddatainterface he FiberDistributedDataInterface mk FiberDistributedDataInterface nl Fiberdistributeddatainterface ja Fiberdistributeddatainterface no FiberDistributedDataInterface pl FDDI pt FDDI ru FDDI sk Fiberdistributeddatainterface sl FDDI fi FDDI sv FiberDistributedDataInterface tr FDDI uk FDDI zh ... for the secondary ring to do backup, it can also carry data, extending capacity to 200 ... Medium Dependent PMD also ISO 9314 3 ANSI X3.184 1993, Single Mode Fiber Physical Medium Dependent ... more details
traffic for control and data across distributed networks. Each device or client in the network ...Portal Astronomy INDI an abbreviation of I nstrument N eutral D istributed I nterface is a Distributed Control System protocol to enable control, data acquisition and exchange among hardware devices and software front ends, with particular focus on astronomical instrumentation. Introduction Elwood Downey started the INDI Protocol initiative in 2003 to develop a platform and client independent control protocol. INDI is a simple XML like protocol described for interactive and automated remote control of diverse instrumentation. It is small, easy to parse and stateless. In the INDI paradigm each Device poses all command and status functions in terms of setting and getting Properties. Each Property is a vector of one or more named members. Each Property has a current value vector a target value vector provides information about how it should be sequenced with respect to other Properties to accomplish one coordinated unit of observation and provides hints as to how it might be displayed for interactive manipulation in a GUI. Clients learn the Properties of a particular Device at runtime using introspection. This decouples Client and Device implementation histories. Devices have complete authority over whether to accept commands from Clients. INDI accommodates intermediate servers, broadcasting, and connection topologies ranging from one to one on a single system to many to many between systems of different genre. The INDI protocol can be nested within other XML elements such as RTML to add constraints for automatic scheduling and execution. Architecture The main key concept in INDI ... . Light property Represented in GUI by colored LEDs . Blob property Binary data . INDI provides powerful ... to record messages, alarms, and data exchanged between devices and clients. Watch dog clients to insure ..., chaining, and marshaling of data. Image indi server.png frame center INDI Server Network Topology ... more details
Voldemort is a distributeddata store that is designed as a key value store used by LinkedIn for high scalability storage. ref name Voldemort cite web accessdate 2011 04 05 location http project voldemort.com publisher Project Voldemort A distributed database title Voldemort is a distributed key value storage system url http project voldemort.com ref Voldemort is still under development. It is neither an object database, nor a relational database. It does not try to satisfy arbitrary relations and the ACID properties, but a big, distributed, fault tolerant, persistent hash table. ref name Comparison cite web accessdate 2011 04 05 location http project voldemort.com publisher Project Voldemort A distributed database title Comparison to relational databases url http project voldemort.com ref ... so that the user doesn t see such problems Versioning The data items are versioned to maximize data integrity in case of failure without compromising availability of the system References Reflist database stub See also Distributeddata store NoSQL concept NoSQL External links http project voldemort.com Project Voldemort A distributed database Categories Category Distributeddata stores Category ... scale Horizontal scaling horizontally Simple API The API decides data replication and placement and accommodates a wide range of application specific strategies Transparent data portioning This allows for cluster expansion without rebalancing all data Properties The Voldemort distributeddata store has following properties ref name Voldemort Data placement Support for pluggable data placement strategies exists to support things like distribution across data centers that are far apart. Data replication The data is automatically replicated over a large number of servers. Data partitioning The data is automatically partitioned so that the server contains only a subset of the total data ..., the disk system, and the data replication factor Node independence Each node is independent ... more details
A distributeddata store is a blurred concept and means either a distributed database where users store ... of peer network nodes . Distributed databases Distributeddata store are non relational databases that make a quick access to data over a large number of nodes possible. Examples for this kind of data stores are Google s BigTable , which is much more than a distributed file system or a peer ... Trail title BigTable Google s DistributedData Store quote Although GFS provides Google with reliable, scalable distributed file storage, it does not provide any facility for structuring the data ... distributeddata store url http www.cs.uwaterloo.ca kdaudjee courses cs848 slides sarah1.pdf ref As the ability of arbitrary querying is not as important as the availability, designers of distributed ... such as Freenet where all computers are made available to serve all files. Distributeddata stores typically use an error detection and correction technique. Some distributeddata stores such as Parchive .... Examples Distributed non relational databases Apache Cassandra , the data store of Facebook BigTable , the data store of Google Dynamo storage system Dynamo of Amazon.com Amazon Voldemort distributed ... Freenet Network News Transfer Protocol NNTP the distributeddata storage protocol used for Usenet ... Data store Distributed file system Keyspace distributeddata store Keyspace , the DDS Schema database schema Peer to peer Compu network stub Categories Category Data management Category Distributeddata storage Category Distributeddata stores Interwikies ja ... known that more expressive solutions are required for large data sets. Google s terabytes upon terabytes of data that they retrieve from web crawlers, amongst many other sources, need organising, so .... This should come as no surprise one persistent theme through all of these large scale distributeddata store papers is that RDBMSs are hard to do with good performance. There is no hard, fixed ... more details
The Distributed Oceanographic Data Systems , or DODS , is a type of server that allows sharing data with remote users or between DODS servers. It is developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , and is based upon the OPeNDAP data transport architecture. ref http dods.ndbc.noaa.gov ref References references science software stub Category Meteorological data and networks Category Technical communication ... more details
Definitions Image Definition of a DistributedData Flow.gif right thumbnail 300 px An illustration of the basic concepts involved in the definition of a distributeddata flow. The term distributeddata flow also abbreviated as distributed flow refers to a set of Event computing events in a Distributed computing distributed application or Communications protocol protocol that satisfies the following ... decisions. Weakly monotonic flows may or may not be consistent. Distributeddata flows serve a purpose ... of distributed systems. In particular, the distributeddata flow abstraction has been used as a convenient ... Reliable Event Streams in Large Systems via DistributedData Flows and Recursive Delegation , 3rd ACM ..., K., Birman, K., and Dolev, D. 2009 . DistributedData Flow Language for Multi Party Protocols , 5th ..., K., Birman, K., Dolev, D. 2009 . Programming Live Distributed Objects with DistributedData ... reflist DEFAULTSORT DistributedData Flow Category Network protocols Category Distributed computing ... in the distributed flow serve the same functional and logical purpose, and are related to one another ... by the same application layer to the same multicast protocol is a distributed flow. On the other ... multicast protocols would not be considered a distributed flow, and neither would be a set of events ... , and distributed . The flow usually includes all events that flow between the two layers ..., in general, events in a distributed flow are distributed both in space they occur at different ... each event in a distributed flow as a quadruple of the form x,t,k,v , where x is the location ... the event payload e.g., all the arguments passed in a method call . Each distributed flow ..., flows can have a number of additional properties. Consistency . A distributed flow is said to be consistent ... or application. Monotonicity . A distributed flow is said to be weakly monotonic if for any pair ... 1 must carry a smaller value than e 2. A distributed flow is said to be strongly monotonic or simply ... more details
is the highest abstraction in a distributeddata store . Comparison with relational database systems ... columns. So, in distributeddata stores, the whole burden to handle rows that may even change from data ... Getting started with Cassandra Categories Category Distributeddata stores Category NoSQL Interwikies ...Image Keyspace example data store .png 500px thumb A keyspace example with a number of column families. A key space or keyspace in a NoSQL data store is an object that holds together all column family column families of a design. ref cite web accessdate 2011 03 28 author Ronald Mathies date 2010 03 18 location http www.sodeso.nl publisher Sodeso Software Development Solutions title Installing and using Apache Cassandra With Java Part 2 Data model Keyspaces quote Keyspaces are quite simple again, from an RDBMS point of view you can compare this to your schema, normally you have one per application. A keyspace contains the ColumnFamilies. Note, however, there is no relationship between the ColumnFamilies. They are just separate containers. url http www.sodeso.nl ?p 108 ref ref cite web accessdate 2011 03 31 location http wiki.apache.org cassandra API publisher Cassandra Wiki title Overview Terminology Abbreviations Keyspace quote A Keyspace Contains multiple Column Families. url http wiki.apache.org cassandra API ref It is the outer most grouping of the data in the data store. ref cite ... Arin Sarkissian s blog title WTF is a SuperColumn? An Intro to the Cassandra Data Model quote A Keyspace is the outer most grouping of your data. All your ColumnFamily s go inside a Keyspace. Your Keyspace ... data model ref It resembles to the Schema database schema concept in Relational database management ... relationship model used widely in the relational data model s. For instance, the contents of the keyspace ... example shows a simplified Twitter clone data model source lang sql Keyspace Name TwitterClone ... Keyspace source See also Column family Column families Keyspace data store NoSQL Schema database ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Context date October 2009 The Open Data Link Interface ODI , developed by Apple Computer Apple and Novell , serves the same function as Microsoft and 3COM s Network Driver Interface Specification NDIS . Originally, ODI was written for NetWare and Apple Macintosh Macintosh environments. Like NDIS, ODI provides rules that establish a vendor neutral interface between the protocol stack and the adapter driver. It resides in Layer 2, the Data Link layer, of the OSI model . This interface also enables one or more network drivers to support one or more protocol stack s. See also Network Driver Interface Specification NDIS Uniform Driver Interface UDI Universal Network Device Interface UNDI PC TCP Packet Driver Category Computer networks Compu stub de Open Datalink Interface ja Open Data Link Interface pl Open Data Link Interface ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date February 2009 In the STREAMS computer network ing architecture, the Data Link Provider Interface is an interface that a network device driver implements. The interface abstracts away low level details of the hardware and networking protocols, and provides error free delivery of bits over a communications network. It corresponds to the Data link layer Data Link Layer of the 7 layer OSI model . Category System V Category Unix Category Network related software Category Application programming interfaces Category Inter process communication Network software stub ... more details
Serial Data Transport Interface is a way of transmitting data packets over a Serial Digital Interface datastream. This means that standard SDI infrastructure can be used. Developed to address the needs of the growing number of compressed video standards DV , DVCPRO , Betacam BetaSX , MPEG2 it allows lossless transfer of data to other devices which have the same codec, for example DV to DV or SX to SX. Using a standard Serial Digital Interface SDI transport, the extra data is placed within normal active video, between Start of Active Video SAV , and End of Active Video EAV . This gives 1440 10bit words of data at 270Mb s 1920 words in the 8bit 360Mb s standard . If an SDTI stream is viewed using a standard SDI device, then the raw data can be seen as a small strip along the left hand side usually in purple . The DVCAM SDTI has video data at the top, control data in the middle Timecode , etc and audio at the bottom just like it is organised on the tape. Because SDTI is used for compressed data the area used is less than a full screen this allows for faster than realtime transfers. SDTI is standardized as SMPTE 305M . A 1.5 GBit s version, using the HDTV high definition serial digital interface, is standardized as SMTPE 348M . External links http www.digitalpostproduction.com Htm Tutorials WhatIsSDTI.htm Interconnectivity in the DTV Era The Emergence of SDTI Category Serial digital interface Category Film and video technology Category Digital television de Serial Data Transport Interface it Serial Data Transport Interface ... more details
orphan date September 2009 Mission DataInterface MDI is a framework designed by the US Navy to allow mission data to be exchanged between systems within a battle group . MDI implements the FORCEnet Fn Functional Concept ref http forcenet.navy.mil fn definition.htm FORCEnet Definition Bot generated title ref in accordance with the Navy Open architecture Open Architecture Computing Environment OACE specifications, with an emphasis on Service oriented architecture Service oriented Architecture SOA design. History Mission DataInterface MDI is a spin off project from the Aircraft Carrier Tactical Support System CVTSC system which is installed on all current deployed US aircraft carrier s. MDI was originally intended to extends the CVTSC SSDS interaces to share mission data with other remote battle group and theater level WAN internet scale participants configured with the MDI capability. Mission data are all data generated during a mission, including electrical notes, commands, and even operator views. These data can be share among all systems within the Battlespace battle space in Near real time near real time as well as recorded for post mission analysis and training. The proposal to establish the MDI project was submitted to Navy Undersea Warfare Center NUWC Keyport management sometime in late 2004. The project was approved by IWS5 Program Office and work started sometime in 2005. MDI API MDI contains 2 major API libraries RMI Remote Method Innovation based API, and web services based API. underconstruction References references div class references small NUWC Keyport MDI SRD SDD document NUWC Keyport CV TSC SARAD document FORCEnet. http forcenet.navy.mil div Category Equipment of the United States Navy ... more details
Data Language InterfaceData Language I, DL I, Data Language Interface, Data Language One ref cite web url http www 03.ibm.com servers eserver zseries zvse products database.html dli title IBM z VSE Products and components publisher IBM accessdate 2009 06 27 ref is the language system used to access International Business Machines IBM s Information Management System IMS database s, and its data communication system. It is implemented from any language by making calls to a software stub, DFSLI000. This stub has entry points to handle a variety of programming languages e.g. calling CBLTDLI from a COBOL program. This stub is linked to the calling program, passes on the request to the IMS system, and returns the results and a status code. In any full function IMS database, the smallest element that can be retrieved is a segment . Each segment is made up of fields , one of which, typically, will be a key field. The segments are arranged hierarchically in the database, the highest level segment type being a root segment. 255 different segment types, on up to 15 levels, are allowed in any database. A database record consists of a specific root segment and all its dependent child segments &mdash there is no limit to the number of segments in a record, or to the number of records in a database apart from physical limitations of storage space . The structure of any database is presented to the application program as a PCB Program Control Block , and this is used as one of the parameter s passed to the stub. Other types of PCB are used to send and receive transaction processing messages, access and write to the user s computer display VDU screen, and to print reports etc. When accessing ... topics ceglasm0401.html Basic DL I database concepts Category Data structured programming languages Category IBM software Data Language One es Data Language Interface it IBM Data ... would then automatically wait till the requested data was retrieved and placed in the Segment Area. The status ... more details
The Data Stream Interface DSI is a session layer used to carry Apple Filing Protocol traffic over Transmission Control Protocol . Overview When Apple introduced TCP with MacTCP and Open Transport in System 7 in the 1990s, they needed their file sharing protocol AFP to run on both TCP and AppleTalk . They introduced AppleTalk Session Protocol AppleTalk Session Protocol ASP and DSI for TCP coincidentally with AFP 2.x. DSI is implemented directly into AFP clients such as in Mac OS and afpfs ng. Protocol DSI is spoken between a client and an AFP server. All DSI communication contains the following DSI header Packet structure class wikitable style text align center DSI Header ref http developer.apple.com mac library documentation Networking Reference AFP Reference Reference reference.html apple ... colspan 8 Command colspan 16 Request ID 32 colspan 32 Error code enclosed data offset 64 colspan 32 Total data length 96 colspan 32 Reserved 128 colspan 32 Payload The fields are Flags whether the packet ... identifier set on the request and copied in the reply Error code enclosed data offset For requests .... Total data length the entire length of data after the DSI header Reserved for future expansion Payload this is where limited DSI data or more commonly AFP header is placed Commands There are seven possible ... From client Write data to the server DSIAttention 8 From server Get the attention of the client Requests ... being acknowledged totalDataLength set to the payload length if applicable . where applicable, the data ... the request and returns the size of its data receive buffer typically 256k on Mac OS X Leopard ... from a server it isn t logged into. The data elements are organized in the packet with a catalog of indices pointing to structured data ref http developer.apple.com mac library documentation Networking ... Category Network protocols Category Network file systems Category Session layer protocols ja Data Stream Interface ... more details
Summary Information Description An illustration of the basic concepts involved in the definition of a distributeddata flow. Source I created this work entirely by myself. Date April 30, 2009 Author Krzysztof Ostrowski other versions Licensing self cc by 3.0 ... more details
other uses refimprove date April 2009 Image fibreoptic.jpg thumb right A bundle of optical fibers Fiber .... The strongest engineering materials are generally made as fibers, for example carbon fiber carbon fiber and Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene . Synthetic fibers can often be produced very ... some benefits, such as comfort, over their man made counterparts. Textile fiber A unit in which many complicated textile structures are built up is said to be textile fiber. Natural fibers Main Natural fiber Natural fibers include those produced by plants, animals, and geological processes. They are Biodegradation biodegradable over time. They can be classified according to their origin fiber crop Vegetable fiber s are generally based on arrangements of cellulose , often with lignin examples include ... of paper and textile cloth , and dietary fiber is an important component of human nutrition. Wood fibre Wood fiber , distinguished from vegetable fiber, is from tree sources. Forms include ... such as fiberboard . Animal fiber s consist largely of particular proteins. Instances are spider ..., mink, fox, beaver, etc. Mineral fiber s comprise asbestos . Asbestos is the only naturally occurring long mineral fiber. Short, fiber like minerals include wollastonite , Palygorskite attapulgite and halloysite . Man made fibers Synthetic fiber Synthetic or man made fibers generally come from ... . cellulose fiber Cellulose based fibers are of two types, regenerated or pure cellulose such as from .... Dictionary of Man made fibers . Second edition. Deutscher Fachverlag. 2009 ref Fiber classification ... fibers, with a general aspect ratio defined as the ratio of fiber length to diameter between 20 to 60 ... edition. 4th Ed. Prentice Hall, Inc. 2001. ISBN 0 13 017440 8. ref Cellulose fibers Cellulose fiber ... sources. Modal textile Modal is made from beech trees, bamboo fiber is a cellulose fiber made ... or why you don t fall through the floor J.E.Gordon ref Glass fiber Fiberglass , made from specific ... more details
A T interface is used for basic rate access in an Integrated Services Digital Network ISDN environment. It is a User network interface Integrated Services Digital Network Reference points reference point that is characterized by a four wire, 144 kilobit kbit s 2B D user rate . Other characteristics of a T interface are it accommodates the link access and transport layer function in the ISDN architecture it is located at the user premises it is distance sensitive to the servicing Network termination 1 it functions in a manner similar to that of the Channel service unit s CSUs and the Data service unit s DSUs . References FS1037C Category Networking hardware Category Integrated Services Digital Network compu hardware stub ... more details
over AS Interface follow all the normal data rules. The required level of data verification is provided by dynamic changes in the data. This technology is called Safety as Work and allows safety ... products from all manufacturers will communicate on a given network. AS Interfacedata exchanges are based on a Master Call , where the data frame consists of a 5 bit device addresses and 4 bit data ... serial data channel With these new capabilities, AS Interface becomes the ideal partner network for any ...orphan date June 2010 AS Interface Actuator Sensor Interface, AS i is an industrial networking solution physical layer, data access method and protocol used in PLC, DCS and PC based automation systems ... manufacturing and process applications using a single 2 conductor cable. AS Interface is an open ... AS i field devices are installed globally, growing at about 2 million per year. AS Interface is a networking ..., airport carousels, elevators, bottling lines and food production lines. AS Interface provides ... input hardware e.g. light curtains, e stop buttons, and door interlock switches , AS Interface can ... to EN954 1 as well as Performance Level e PL e according to EN ISO 13849 1. The AS Interface specification ... AS Interface is a system that require four basic components Exactly one network master , in most ... Slave method, by which the master initiates data exchange with a slave and requires that slave to respond within in define maximum time, making AS Interface a Deterministic system deterministic networking ... . Voltage levels on the network range between nowrap 29,5 .. 31,6 V DC and data protection, in addition ... length is limited to 100 meters. ref name as interface net system experts cite web title AS Interface ... ref History AS Interface was developed during the late 1980 and early 1990 by a group consortium ... and 4 bit of output data, resulting in a total of 124 inputs and 124 outputs on a single network .... Enhancements 1998, Version 2.11 Following its introduction users quickly adopted AS Interface ... more details
Wiktionarypar interfaceInterface may refer to Technical journals Interfaces operations research Journal of the Royal Society Interface Science Biointerface Interface chemistry , boundary surface Interface communication studies Interface in the work environment , a point of interection between systems or work groups. Social interface , a concept in sociology Technology Interface computing Interface object oriented programming Network interface disambiguation User interface Other Interface band , music group based on Long Island, NY Interface novel , by Stephen Bury Neal Stephenson and J. Frederick George George Jewsbury Interface, Inc. , carpet manufacturer See also Interface area , Catholic Protestant border in Northern Ireland Interface 2010 , Marketing Standards NGO disambig Interwikies be bg da Gr nseflade es Interfaz fr Interface homonymie ko id Antarmuka it Interfaccia he ja no Grensesnitt pl Interfejs ro Interfa ru tr Aray z ur zh ... more details
S interface also known as S0 For basic rate access in an Integrated Services Digital Network ISDN environment, a User network interface reference point that a is characterized by a Four wire circuit , 144 kbit s 2B D user rate, b serves as a universal interface between ISDN terminals or terminal telecommunication terminal adapters and the network channel communications channel termination, c allows a variety of terminal types and subscriber networks, such as Private branch exchange PBX s, local area network s LANs , and controllers, to be connected to the network, and d operates at 4000 48 bit frames per second, i.e., 192 kbit s, with a user portion of 36 bits per frame telecommunications frame , i.e., 144 kbit s. References FS1037C , http www.its.bldrdoc.gov fs 1037 dir 032 4668.htm Entry S interface Category ITU T recommendations Category Integrated Services Digital Network de S0 Bus ... more details
data rate data rate without overhead bytes per fiber is the per channel data rate reduced by the FEC ... systems As of 2008 lc on . The current laboratory fiber optic data rate record, held by Bell Labs in Villarceaux ..., provide distributed sensing over distances of up to one meter. Extrinsic fiber optic sensors ...Image fibreoptic.jpg thumb right A bundle of optical fibers Image Fiber optic illuminated.jpg thumb A TOSLINK fiber optic audio cable being illuminated at one end An optical fiber is a thin, flexible, transparent fiber that acts as a waveguide optics waveguide , or light pipe , to transmit light between ... and application of optical fibers is known as fiber optics . Optical fibers are widely used in fiber ... bandwidth s data rates than other forms of communication. Fibers are used instead of metal ... of other applications, including sensor s and fiber laser s. Optical fiber typically consists of a transparent core optical fiber core surrounded by a transparent Cladding fiber optics cladding ... . This causes the fiber to act as a waveguide optics waveguide . Fibers that support many propagation paths or transverse mode s are called multi mode fiber s MMF , while those that only support a single mode are called single mode fiber s SMF . Multi mode fibers generally have a larger core diameter ... sp us m ft . Joining lengths of optical fiber is more complex than joining electrical wire or cable. The ends of the fibers must be carefully cleave fiber cleaved , and then spliced together either mechanical ... fiber connector s removable connections. History Image DanielColladon s Lightfountain or Lightpipe,LaNature ... liquid stream . This particular illustration comes from a later article by Colladon, in 1884. Fiber ... of light by refraction, the principle that makes fiber optics possible, was first demonstrated by Jean ... Narinder Singh Kapany conducted experiments that led to the invention of optical fiber. Modern optical fibers, where the glass fiber is coated with a transparent cladding to offer a more suitable ... more details
of airports in Chad . Fiber to the x FTT x is a generic term for any broadband network architecture that uses optical fiber to replace all or part of the usual metal local loop used for last mile telecommunications . The generic term originated as a generalization of several configurations of fiber ... how FTTx architectures vary with regard to the distance between the optical fiber and the end ... between several distinct configurations. The terms in most widespread use today are FTTN Fiber to the node fiber is terminated in a street cabinet up to several kilometers away from the customer premises, with the final connection being copper. FTTC Fiber to the cabinet or fiber to the curb this is very ... m. FTTB Fiber to the building or Fiber to the basement fiber reaches the boundary of the building ... space being made via alternative means. FTTH Fiber to the home fiber reaches the boundary of the living space, such as a box on the outside wall of a home. FTTP Fiber to the premises this term is used in several contexts as a blanket term for both FTTH and FTTB, or where the fiber network includes .... ref The FTTH Councils do not have formal definitions for FTTC and FTTN. It is worth pointing out that fiber ... local area network , where fiber is used to link the main computer equipment room to an enclosure ... ARCHI&ARTICLE ID 283326&VERSION NUM 2&p 27 All multimode fiber is not created equal ref Similarly, in fiber to the desk a fiber connection is installed from the main computer room to a terminal at the desk. Benefits of fiber in the access network The speeds of fiber optic and copper cables are both ... unshielded twisted pair copper cabling but only to 100 meters. However, over the right kind of fiber ... kilometers long, in the range where fiber significantly outperforms copper. Replacing at least part of these links with fiber shortens the remaining copper segments and allows them to run much faster. Fiber configurations that bring fiber right into the building can offer the highest speeds since ... more details
Fiber In The Loop FITL is a system implementing or upgrading portions of the Plain old telephone service POTS local loop with Optical fiberfiber optic technology from the Telephone exchange central office of a telephone carrier to a remote Serving area interface SAI located in a neighborhood or to an Optical Network Unit ONU located at the customer premises residential and or business . Generally, fiber is used in either all or part of the local loop distribution network. FITL can be implemented with any FTTx architecture, such as fiber to the curb FTTC , fiber to the node FTTN , and fiber to the premises FTTP . Residential areas already served by balanced pair distribution plant call for a trade off between cost and capacity. The closer the fiber head, the higher the cost of construction and the higher the channel capacity. In places not served by metallic facilities, little cost is saved by not running fiber to the home. A similar network called a hybrid fibre coaxial HFC network is used by cable television operators but is usually not synonymous with fiber In the loop , although similar advanced services are provided by the HFC network. See also Fiber to the x FTTx Hybrid fibre coaxial Category Local loop Category Fiber optic communications ar de Fiber In The Loop ... more details
advert date November 2010 Established in 2008, http www.alliedfiber.com Allied Fiber is a carrier neutral long haul dark fiber and colocation center colocation provider, based in New York, New York . It builds next generation fiber routes across the United States. Allied Fiber connects local, regional ... backbones throughout the United States. The fiber routes are physically diverse from other dark fiber and lit fiber networks and consist of 432 fiber strands of next generation fiber in each duct up to three ducts . Allied Fiber dark fiber routes include New York, NY to Chicago, IL New York, NY to Ashburn, VA Chicago, IL to Ashburn, VA. Allied Fiber also designs, constructs and operates rack ... optoelectronics for regeneration and data traffic switching, accommodating long short haul and wireless backhaul providers. Allied Fiber Long Haul Route Categories Long haul typically relates to fiber ... irrevocable long haul lease to use dark fiber within a route. The basic terms of the lease includes ... haul lease for a 12, 24 or 36 month period to use dark fiber in the routes with an obligation ... payments for O&M. Short Haul Routes Short haul differs from long haul as a dark fiber product in that it is built specifically for short distance use and purpose. The construction of this fiber cable ... 60 miles for the purposes of regenerating, or boosting the power of, the light being carried in the fiber. In addition, the fiber can be accessed for the purposes of adding or dropping off network services ... York to Chicago. Fiber to the Tower FTTT Broadband wireless service relies heavily on the availability of fiber at the wireless tower sites. Allied Fiber allocated a portion of its larger count fiber cable for use by wireless service provider s in such a way that it supports lateral construction ... of an entire fiber in the duct set aside for the purpose of being accessible on an even shorter distance ... a main fiber route to where the actual towers are located. NOTOC Infobox Software name Allied Fiber ... more details
unreferenced date February 2011 wikify date February 2011 Virtual Fiber is a term that describes wireless data transmission comparable in data throughput to optic fiber. The term was coined in El Salvador, Central America to describe a communications network service provided by Five Nines Communications, S.A. de C.V. Wireless data transmission is used for mobile telephony, mobile internet service, monitoring, and security applications to name a few. Present applications for Virtual Fiber or Fibra Virtual as it is known in Spanish are being developed with Salvadoran governmental agencies in order to service educational centers that currently have no access to hard wired Internet or telephone service. Virtual Fiber installations avoid the need to install expensive fiber or cabled networks in order to access areas not currently covered by existing networks and are a more efficient option to traditional wireless or hard wired installations. Another advantage of Virtual Fiber is the fact that it can carry a vast array of signalling protocols within the electromagnetic spectrum and it is not limited by legacy issues. Uncategorized date March 2011 ... more details
has been presented by Norbert Stribeck. Historical role Fiber diffraction data led to several important ... data of the reference reflexion, a uniformly gridded map for the representative fiber plane in reciprocal ... of the reciprocal space filled with scattering data from the polypropylene fiber The three dimensional ...Fiber diffraction is a subarea of scattering , an area in which molecular structure is determined from scattering data usually of X rays, electrons or neutrons . In fiber diffraction the scattering pattern does not change, as the sample is rotated about a unique axis the fiber axis . Such uniaxial symmetry .... In crystallography fiber symmetry is an aggravation regarding the determination of crystal structure, because reflexions are smeared and may overlap in the fiber diffraction pattern. Materials science considers fiber symmetry a simplification, because almost the complete obtainable structure ... or on a 2D detector. 2 instead of 3 co ordinate directions suffice to describe fiber diffraction. Image FibDiffSketch.png thumb 300px right Ideal fiber diffraction pattern of a semi crystalline material with amorphous halo and reflexions on layer lines. High intensity is represented by dark color. The fiber axis is vertical The ideal fiber pattern exhibits 4 quadrant symmetry . In the ideal pattern the fiber axis is called the meridian , the perpendicular direction is called equator . In case of fiber symmetry, many more reflexions than in single crystal diffraction show up in the 2D pattern. In fiber ... to the equator. Thus, in fiber diffraction the layer line concept of crystallography becomes ... are 00l reflexions. In crystallography artificial fiber diffraction patterns are generated by rotating a single crystal about an axis rotating crystal method . Non ideal fiber patterns are obtained in experiments. They only show mirror symmetry about the meridian. The reason is that the fiber ... an approximative equation for the fiber tilt angle . Analysis starts by mapping the distorted ... more details
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