wiktionarypar farming A farm is a section of land dedicated to agriculture . Farming , then, is the practice of cultivating crops or livestock on a farm. Farming may also refer to Gold farming , the act of gathering in game currency and items in a massively multiplayer online game to sell for real world money. The Farming Game , an economic simulation of running a farm. Baby farming was a term used in Victorian Britain to mean the taking in of an infant or child for payment. Factory farming is a term used to describe a set of often controversial practices in large scale, intensive livestock farming. Tax farming is the privatization of tax collection. The term farming out to refers to outsourcing . Compassion In World Farming is a European animal welfare organization. See also Farm disambiguation Farmer disambiguation disambig de Farming ... more details
Hill farming is extensive farming in Highland geography upland areas, primarily rearing sheep, although historically cattle was often reared more intensive farming intensively . Cattle farming is usually restricted by a scarcity of winter fodder , and sheep stocks, grazing at about 2 hectare s per head, are often taken to lowland areas for fattening . Modern hill farming is often heavily dependent on state subsidy , for example via support from the EU s Common Agricultural Policy . Improved, sown pasture and drained moorland can be stocked more heavily, at approximately 1 sheep per 0.25 hectares. See also Hill Farming Act 1946 Fell farming Pastoral farming Sheepdog trials agriculture stub Category Agriculture Category Farms ... more details
File Murray Grey cows and calves.JPG thumb 300px Beef cattle reared in a pastoral farming manner. Pastoral farming also known in some regions as livestock farming or grazing is Agriculture farming aimed at producing livestock , rather than growing Crop agriculture crops . Examples include dairy farming , raising beef cattle , and raising sheep for wool . In contrast, mixed farming is growing of both crops and livestock on the same farm. Pastoral farmers are also known as graziers. Some pastoral farmers grow crops purely as fodder for their livestock some crop farmers grow fodder and sell it to pastoral farmers. Pastoral farming is a non nomadic form of pastoralism in which the livestock farmer has some form of ownership of the land used, giving the farmer more economic incentive to improve the land. Possible improvements include Watertable control drainage in wet regions , stock tank s in dry regions , irrigation and sowing clover . Pastoral farming is common in Argentina , Australia , Great Britain , Ireland , New Zealand and the Western United States , among other places. Category Agriculture Agri stub ... more details
Insect farming is the practice of raising insects for agricultural purposes. It can either be used to fight invasive species, to create industrial products such as petroleum or to grow inexpensive and environmentally sustainable food for humans. ref http discovermagazine.com 2008 may 07 want to help the environment eat insects article view?b start int 1& C Want to Help the Environment? Eat Insects ref ref http www.ifta.com.pg Insect Farming and Trading Agency ref ref http www.seekbooks.com.au book Insect Farming isbn 9780733969423.htm Insect Farming, by Brian Robertson & David Whittaker ref ref http www.ted.com talks marcel dicke why not eat insects.html Marcel Dicke Why not eat insects? ref References references See also Butterfly ranching in Papua New Guinea Insect Farming and Trading Agency insect stub Category Agriculture fr levage d insectes th ... more details
Mergeto Roof garden date July 2009 Rooftop farming is the practice of cultivating food on the rooftop of buildings. ref EOS magazine, december 2008 ref ref http www.cityfarmer.info tokyo rooftop and underground urban farming lures young japanese office workers Rooftop farming ref ref http noimpactman.typepad.com blog 2008 06 urban rooftop f.html Urban rooftops ref Rooftop farming is usually done using hydroponics , aeroponics or air dynaponics systems or container garden s. ref http www.cityfarmer.org rooftopthesis.html Rooftop farming systems ref Besides using the allready present space at the roof itself, additional platforms could possibly be created between high rise buildings called aero bridges . ref http www.sip.org.sg uploadPDF How 2520Does 2520Your 2520Market 2520Garden 2520Grow 18Aug09 fellowship .pdf Sing kong Lee advocating aero bridges ref Notable projects Rooftop Farms at Greenpoint, NYC http rooftopfarms.org the True Nature Foods Rooftop Victory Garden ref http www.urbanhabitatchicago.org projects true nature foods TNF rooftop farm ref the Changi General Hospital ref http www.greenroofs.com projects pview.php?id 565 Changi General Hospital rooftop farming project ref the http www.cityfarmer.org TrentRoof.html Trent University rooftop farm in Peterborough, Ontario, Canada the http justfood.org Just Food http www.zeek.net 612ableman Eli Zabar s rooftop greenhouse the Habana Outpost, by Habana Works. the Hoogte Kadijk building in Amsterdam Growing Chefs See also Vertical farming Green wall Underground farming External links http www.technologyforthepoor.com UrbanAgriculture Garden.htm Rooftop farming guidebook References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Rooftop Farming Category Urban agriculture Category Types of garden ... more details
POV date April 2010 Ecological farming is recognised as the high end objective among the proponents of sustainable farming ref http www.greenpeace.to publications Defining Ecological Farming 2009.pdf Greenpeace Report ref . The goal of ecological farming is not only sustainable food production, but is to optimise the provision of ecosystem services ref http www.rand.org scitech stpi ourfuture NaturesServices section1.html Rand Report on protecting ecosystems ref , both in the design of the farm and by significant reduction of the ecological footprint made by the post harvest consumers of the farm produce. Benefits Ecological farming involves the introduction of symbiotic species, where possible, to support the ecological sustainability of the farm. Associated benefits include a reduction in ecological debt and elimination of dead zones ref http www.scientificamerican.com article.cfm?id oceanic dead zones spread Scientific American report on dead zones in the sea ref . Ecological farming is a pioneering, practical development which aims to create globally sustainable land management systems, and encourages review of the importance of maintaining biodiversity in food production and farming end products ref http news.bbc.co.uk 2 hi science nature 7795652.stm Nature report on traditional farming ecological debt ref . One foreseeable option is a greater reliance on automation. Accordingly, conversion to ecological farming may best utilize the information age, and become recognised ... BBC Report ref . Challenges The challenge for ecological farming science, is to be able to achieve a mainstream productive food system that is sustainable. To enter the field of ecological farming, location .... Design of the farm is constrained by the same limitations as traditional farming local ... farming need to be considered. Food production should be ecological in both origin and destiny ... references group Notes DEFAULTSORT Ecological Farming Category Agriculture Agri stub ... more details
parentheses related to this data. farming Advantages Extensive farming has a number of advantages over intensive farming Less labour per unit areas is required to farm large areas, especially since expensive ... of chemicals. Disadvantages Extensive farming can have the following problems ref Thomas, Tyrone ... tend to be much lower than with intensive farming in the short term. Large land requirements limit ... with intensive farming Rural Life main Rural sociology References Reflist See also Intensive farming Canadian Wheat Board Forest gardening Permaculture Polyculture DEFAULTSORT Extensive Farming ... more details
Wikify date December 2010 Data Farming is the process of using a high performance computer or computing grid to run a simulation thousands or millions of times across a large parameter and value space. The result of Data Farming is a landscape of output that can be analyzed for trends, anomalies, and insights in multiple parameter dimensions. Origins of the term The term Data Farming comes from the idea of planting data in the simulation and parameter value space, and then harvesting the data that results from the simulation runs. Usage Data Farming was originally used in the Marine Corp s http projectalbert.org Project Albert . Small agent based distillation models simulations were created to capture a specific military challenge. These models were run thousands or millions of times at the http www.mhpcc.edu Maui High Performance Computer Center and other facilities. Project Albert analysts would work with the military subject matter experts to refine the models and interpret the results. The http www.nps.edu Naval Post Graduate School also worked closely with Project Albert in model generation, output analysis, and the creation of new Design of experiments experimental designs to better leverage the computing capabilities at Maui and other facilities. Workshops International Data Farming Workshops are held twice each year, in the Spring and Fall. Workshop information, including proceedings from prior workshops and registration information for future ones, can be found at the Naval Postgraduate School s http harvest.nps.edu SEED Center for Data Farming . External links An article summarizing data farming in the http www.afcea.org signal articles templates SIGNAL Article Template.asp?articleid 975&zoneid 158 June 2005 issue of SIGNAL . http www.informs sim.org wsc04papers 100.pdf MITRE Corporation research paper on data farming DEFAULTSORT Data Farming Category Data collection Category Information technology management ... more details
Contract farming is agricultural production carried out according to an agreement between a buyer and farmers, which establishes conditions for the production and marketing of a farm product or products. ref Contract Farming Resource Centre http www.fao.org ag ags contract farming index cf en , FAO, Rome, 2008. ref Typically, the farmer agrees to provide established quantities of a specific agricultural product, meeting the quality standards and delivery schedule set by the purchaser. In turn, the buyer ... used to refer to contract farming operations is out grower schemes , whereby farmers are linked with a large ... and transport. Contract farming is used for a wide variety of agricultural products. The rationale for contract farming Contract farming is one of the different governance mechanisms for transactions ... to assure full utilization of their plant processing capacity. A key feature of contract farming ... agriculture . Well managed contract farming is considered as an effective approach to help ... farming The key benefits of contract farming for farmers can be summarized as follows 1 improved access ... to contract farming As with any form of contractual relationship, there are potential disadvantages and risks associated with contract farming. If the terms of the contract are not respected by one ... farming. Contractors also may default by failing to pay agreed prices or by buying less than the pre agreed quantities. Another concern about contract farming arrangements is the potential for buyers ... External links http www.fao.org ag ags contract farming index cf en Contract Farming Resource Center ... apf contractfarming.wikispaces.com Agri Pro Focus Contract Farming Further reading http www.fao.org ... Eaton, C. and Shepherd. A., 2001 Contract Farming Partnerships for Growth. FAO Agricultural Services Bulletin 145, Rome, 2001 Rehber, E. Contract Farming Theory And Practice, ICFAI Press, 2007 ISBN 81 314 0620 2 Singh, S. Contract Farming Theory and practice in the 21st Century. Stewart Postharvest ... more details
Unreferenced date April 2009 Image Strip farming in Wisconsin, USA, 1957.jpg thumb 300px Strip farming in Wisconsin, USA, 1957 For the Medieval practice of strip farming, see open field system . Strip cropping is a method of agriculture farming used when a slope is too steep or too long, or when other types of farming may not prevent soil erosion . Strip cropping alternates strips of closely sown crops such as hay , wheat , or other small grains with strips of row crops, such as maize corn , soybean s, cotton , or sugar beet s. Strip cropping helps to stop soil erosion by creating natural dams for water, helping to preserve the strength of the soil. Certain layers of plants will absorb minerals and water from the soil more effectively than others. When water reaches the weaker soil that lacks the minerals needed to make it stronger, it normally washes it away. When strips of soil are strong enough to slow down water from moving through them, the weaker soil can t wash away like it normally would. Because of this, farmland stays fertile much longer. The term strip cropping also refers to a method of dry farming sometimes used in areas including parts of the Great Plains of the United States and the Canadian Prairies Prairies of Canada. To accumulate moisture in these dry areas, cropland is periodically left fallow. Typically, the fallow and planted areas are organized in parallel long, narrow strips that are oriented normal to the prevailing winds, in order to minimize the erosion of soil from the bare fields. Strip farming helps to prevent mass erosion by having the roots of crops hold onto the soil to prevent it from being washed away. History In the Middle Ages each person received several strips of land which may be distributed across many fields. In Great Britain this method of farming was replaced by enclosures after the Parliamentary Act . agri stub Category Agriculture Category Soil de Streifenanbau fi Kaistaviljely ... more details
Fell farming is the farming of fell s, i.e. areas of uncultivated high ground used as common grazing . It is a term commonly used in Northern England , especially in the Lake District and the Pennine Dale s. Elsewhere, the terms hill farming or pastoral farming are more commonly used. Animals Animals native to fells, or Sheep husbandry bred for fell farming, include Fell pony Rough Fell sheep Herdwick sheep Swaledale sheep Problems As discussed in an article on the Carnegie UK Trust Rural Community Development Programme site ref http rural.carnegieuktrust.org.uk media clips rural futures and fell farming traineeship cumbria Rural Community Development Programme Media Clips Bot generated title ref blockquote The Foot and Mouth outbreak in Cumbria in 2001 led to the culling of over a million sheep. It also showed that the hill fell farming communities were as vulnerable as the pastoral system they have created over many generations. blockquote Beatrix Potter In the latter stages of Beatrix Potter s life, she purchased property in the Lake District bequeathed to the National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty National Trust and now comprising a portion of the Lake District National Park for the purposes of conservation and historical preservation. Her efforts helped to ensure the practice of fell farming remain unspoiled to this day. References reflist External links http www.fellsanddales.org.uk Leader Fells and Dales project http www.roughfellsheep.co.uk The Rough Fell Sheep Breeders Association br Category Farms Category Agriculture in the United Kingdom UK stub Agriculture stub ... more details
Cleanup date April 2010 The agricultural technique known as Wild Farming is a growing alternative to factory farming . Wild farming consists of planting crops that are highly associated and supportive to the natural ecosystem. ref name imh Imhoff, Daniel. 2003. Farming with the Wild Enhancing Biodiversity on Farms and Ranches. Sierra Club Books, San Francisco, CA. ref This includes intercropping with native plants, following the contours and geography of the land, and supporting local food chains. ref name alt Miguel Altieri Altieri, Miguel A. 2000. Ecological Impacts of Industrial Agriculture and the Possibilities for Truly Sustainable Farming. Hungry For Profit. Eds Magdoff Buttel et al. Monthly Review Press, New York, NY ref The goal is to produce large crop yields, while still promoting a healthy environment. Wild farming is a backlash against the dominance of factory farming. Up until the mid 20th century, agicultural crop yields relied on natural inputs such as rainfall patterns, natural soil resources, recycling of organic matter, and built in biological control mechanisms. ref ... fields and use of synthetics pesticides and fertilizers. Avoiding the conventional farming practices, wild farming adopts many practices from sustainable agricultural systems such as agroecology , permaculture , forest farming , and greywater systems. The four basic guiding principles of the wild farming ... supply. Wild farming is a way to maximize crop yields while ensuring that future generations also have ... priorities for wild farming is to help promote and preserve biological diversity among plants and living ... organization involved in the study and promotion of wild farming is the Wild Farm Alliance . The objective ... farmers, farming organizations, and conservation groups can adhere to. The WFA fights for the rights of the small scale farmer who does not rely on the techniques of factory farming. Their platform ... Permaculture Local food Locavores Biodynamic farming References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Wild Farming ... more details
File Seaweed farming Nusa Lembongan, Bali 16Aug2009 edit.jpg thumb 300px right alt A person stands in shallow water, gathering seaweed that has grown on a rope. A seaweed farmer in Nusa Lembongan gathers the plant that has grown on a rope. Seaweed farming is the practice of cultivating and harvesting seaweed . In its most simple form, it consists of the management of naturally found batches. In its most advanced form, it consists of fully controlling the life cycle of the plant. Types of seaweed that are harvested include Gelidium , Pterocladia , ref name seafarm111 harvnb Borgese 1980 p 111 ref Porphyra , ref name seafarm112 and Laminaria . ref name seafarm116 harvnb Borgese 1980 p 116 ref History Seaweed farming began in Japan as early as 1670 in Tokyo Bay . In autumn of each year, farmers would throw bamboo branches into shallow, muddy water, where the spores of the seaweed would collect. A few weeks later these branches would be moved to a river estuary . The nutrients from the river would help the seaweed to grow. ref name seafarm112 harvnb Borgese 1980 p 112 ref In the 1940s, the Japanese improved this method by placing nets of synthetic material tied to bamboo poles. This effectively doubled the production. ref name seafarm112 A cheaper variant of this method is called the hibi method simple ropes stretched between bamboo poles. Environmental impact Several environmental problems can result from seaweed farming. Sometimes seaweed farmers cut down mangroves to use as stakes for their ropes. This, however, negatively affects the farming since it reduces the water quality. Farmers may also sometimes remove Zostera eelgrass from their farming areas. This however is also ... p 53 ref Seaweed farming helps to preserve coral reefs. ref name coral54 harvnb Zertruche Gonzalez 1997 p 54 ref Societal impact The practice of seaweed farming has long since spread beyond Japan. In 1997 it was estimated that 40,000 people in the Philippines made their living through seaweed farming ... more details
Ley farming is an agriculture agricultural system where the field is alternately seeded for grain and left fallow. Other name for the method is alternate husbandry . In ley farming, the field is alternately used for grain or other cash crop s for a number of years and laid down to ley i.e. left fallow, used for growing hay or used for pasture for another number of years. After that period it is again ploughed and used for cash crops. During the fallow pasture period the soil is filled with roots of grass es and other plants. New ploughing mixes them with the soil and also increases the amount of nitrogen in the ground, removing need of artificial nitrogen fertilizer s. It also disturbs the life cycle of pest animal pest s. See also Crop rotation Shmita the seventh year of the Jewish seven year agricultural cycle, where the land is left to lie fallow and all agricultural activity&mdash including plowing, planting, pruning and harvesting&mdash is forbidden by Torah law. External links http journeytoforever.org farm library ley leyToC.html Book about Ley Farming by George Stapledon http www.ag.ndsu.nodak.edu dickinso agronomy leyfarming.htm DEFAULTSORT Ley Farming Category Agricultural terminology Category Agricultural economics Category Agronomy agri stub el ... more details
Underground farming is the practice of cultivating food underground. Underground farming is usually done using hydroponics, aeroponics or air dynaponics systems or container gardens. Light is generally provided by means of grow lamp s ref http www.gizmag.com aerofarms urban agriculture 15371 Underground farming lighting system using LED s ref or daylighting systems as light tube s . ref http www.technologyreview.com blog deltav 25740 Underground lighting ref Sometimes, special modifications are done to improve the system even more. These can include water jacketed lighting system, NFT double pass growing system with moveable racks, ... ref http www.growingedge.com magazine back issues view article.php3?AID 170534 Special features of the South Pole Growth Chamber ref Present systems The Lunar greenhouse is an underground farm made by Phil Sadles and Gene Giacomelli of the University of Arizona s Controlled Environment Agriculture Center CEAC ref http www.space.com 9353 lunar greenhouse grow food future moon colonies.html Lunar greenhouse ref ref Kijk magazine, editie 13, 2010 ref The urine and exhaled air of the astronauts is reused in the system by the plants. ref http www.technologyreview.com blog deltav 25740 Reuse of urine and exhaled air ref See also Rooftop farming References reflist Category Urban agriculture Category Types of garden ... more details
Image Lancfarming1.jpg right Lancaster Farming is the leading regional farm newspaper for the Northeastern United States Northeastern and Mid Atlantic States Mid Atlantic United States . It has published weekly on Saturday since 1955. ref name mk http www.lancasterfarming.com sites lancasterfarming.com files mediakit LF National Rates 2006.swf Lancaster Farming media kit ref Paid circulation is about 55,000. The newspaper shares offices and printing facilities with the Ephrata Review and The Lititz Record Express at Lancaster County Weeklies, Inc. ref http www.theaustin.com html nr lancaster.html Facilities expansion ref in Ephrata, Pennsylvania . Lancaster County Weeklies is owned by Lancaster Newspapers, Inc., publisher of the morning Lancaster Intelligencer Journal , and afternoon Lancaster New Era newspapers. Lancaster Farming provides news, market and commodity reports, and agribusiness information and includes news about 4 H , National FFA Organization FFA and fair events, and rural life. ref http lancasterfarming.com node 4 About Lancaster Farming ref In addition, many subscribers get farm newspapers for the advertising of specials on parts and supplies, used implements, and auctions of land, and equipment, and livestock. Lancaster Farming is printed in four sections, averaging about 200 pages per issue. ref name mk Section A is devoted to breaking news, dairy and beef news, commodity market reports, and upcoming events. ref name mk Section B is the family section which includes recipes, food and nutrition, antiques, and organizations such as 4 H, FFA and the The National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry Grange . ref name mk Sections C and D have business ... was named editor of Lancaster Farming in mid 2006. Lefever was a staff reporter for the newspaper for five ... Farming Appoints Lefever ref He and his wife Katrina Oberholtzer Lefever and young son Eli live in Akron, Pa. Archive Lancaster Farming 1955 1983 is available online through The Pennsylvania State University ... more details
refimprove date December 2010 Expand section date January 2011 nihongo Nature innate Nature farming ja shizen n h ref name NATURE FARMING DDB ref name NATURE FARMING 1 ref name NATURE FARMING ... farming , Fukuoka Farming , Kyusei Nature Farming , the Fukuoka method and do nothing farming , an advancement, at its core of prior traditional Japanese farming methods, not chemical nor industrial methods of farming. Developed from 1937 for 60 years ongoing by nihongo Masanobu Fukuoka ja ... both of Japan. Nature farming continues today by numerous practitioners around our Earth, many of whom cite Masanobu Fukuoka and or Mokichi Okada as inspiration. The ways of farming led by Mokichi Okada s were renamed from Fertilizer free agriculture to Nature farming in 1950 ref name NATURE FARMING 1 ref name NATURE FARMING 2 . Masanobu Fukuoka s ways include the use of, extensive direct seeding ... ref name English translation Natural Way Of Farming ref name English translation The Road Back to Nature ... ref name LifePositive India article Fukuoka Farming See also Masanobu Fukuoka Mokichi Okada Teruo Higa Nobuo Iwasawa Akinori Kimura Yoshikazu Kawaguchi No dig gardening No till farming Notes Reflist refs ref name NATURE FARMING DDB http www.buddhism dict.net cgi bin xpr ddb.pl?81.xml id b81ea ... without a password ref ref name NATURE FARMING 1 http www.ressign.com UserBookDetail.aspx?bkid 460&catid 140 Hui Lian Xu 2001 NATURE FARMING In Japan Research Signpost, T. C. 37 661 2 , Fort Post Office, Trivandrum 695023, Kerala, India ref ref name NATURE FARMING 2 http www.informaworld.com smpp content db all content a904423679 Hui Lian Xu 2001 Nature Farming History, Principles and Perspectives ... around the world with Clay seed balls 60 years Nature Farming advancements nihongo2 ... nihongo2 1978 The One Straw Revolution ref ref name English translation Natural Way Of Farming 1975 nihongo2 1985 revised ed. 1987 The Natural Way Of Farming The Theory and Practice ... more details
thumb 200px An example of a dryland farming paddock File Large dust storm in parts of eastern Washington on October 4, 2009.jpg thumb 200px right Dryland farming caused a large dust storm in parts ... Image of the Day publisher earthobservatory.nasa.gov accessdate 2009 10 10 ref Dryland farming ... . Locations Dryland farming is used in the Great Plains , the Palouse plateau of Eastern Washington ... regions such as the steppe s of Eurasia and Argentina . Dryland farming was introduced to the southern ... farmers sometimes grow corn , bean s or even watermelon s. Successful dryland farming is possible with as little .... Native American tribes in the arid Southwest subsisted for hundreds of years on dryland farming ... isbn 0 19 553695 9 ref Process Dryland farming has evolved as a set of techniques and management practices ... to minimize losses in poor years. System Dryland farming is uniquely dependent on natural rainfall, which can leave the ground vulnerable to dust storms , particularly if poor farming techniques are used ... precipitation fails. Soil Conservation The nature of dryland farming makes it particularly ... needed date January 2010 the most important long term goal of a dryland farming operation. Erosion ... on particularly susceptible ground , and strip farming are used to minimize topsoil loss. Control of Input Costs Dryland farming is practiced in regions inherently marginal for non irrigated agriculture ... Dry Farming http www.cropscience.org.au 4th International Crop Science Congress September 2004 https www.crops.org Crop Science Society of America Further reading Henry Gilbert, Dryland Farming January ... . Mary W. M. Hargraves, Dry Farming in the Northern Great Plains Years of Readjustment, 1920 1990 .... p., 1908 . Dr. John A. Widstoe,Ph.D. Dry Farming, A System Of Agriculture For Countries Under A Low Rainfall NY The MacMillian Company, 1911 Victor Squires and Philip Tow, Dryland Farming A Systems ... Dryland Farming Category Agriculture af Dro landboerdery ca Agricultura de sec de Trockenfeldbau ... more details
agriculture Corporate farming is a term that describes the business of agriculture , specifically, what ... and government lobbyist lobbying efforts. Corporate farming is often used synonymously with agribusiness although agribusiness quite often is not used in the corporate farming sense , and it is seen as the destroyer of the family farm . Critics argue that the ultimate goal of corporate farming .... Citation needed date January 2008 Corporate farming is a fairly broad term that deals with the general ... to as anti corporate farming . Citation needed date January 2008 Contract farming Contract farming ... farming has not so far resulted in a significant improvement in the livelihoods of small farmers in developing ... W. Shepherd. http www.fao.org ag ags AGSM contract cfmain.pdf Contract Farming Partnerships for Growth ... products. Citation needed date January 2008 One major difference between independent farming and corporate farming is that a corporate farmer is usually a contract ed employee , rather than the ownership ... no real decision making control over the essential farming activities, like crop selection, equipment ... farming activities such as through financial services, agrichemical production, food distribution ... farming Agriculture is an industry which provides significant economies of scale to large ... date January 2008 Concentration of production Corporate farming is criticized for its tendency to concentrate ... . At the same time, through a process of vertical integration, corporate farming results in the concentration ... pig farming hog and cereal grain production. In 1997, some 60 of hogs sold within the U.S. were ... farming primarily seeks to maximise yield and profit, this is seen as adversely impacting .... Corporate farming practices may also more readily involve the use of genetically modified ... Project to Eliminate Factory Farming http www.celdf.org cdp cdp13.asp Anti Corporate Farming Laws in the Heartland law, history, and facts on anti corporate farming laws in nine US states ... more details
Cleanup date February 2010 Integrated farming or integrated agriculture is a commonly and broadly used word to explain a more integrated approach to farming as compared to existing monoculture approaches. It refers to agricultural systems that integrate livestock and crop production and may sometimes be known as The Environmental Institute Integrated Biosystems . While not often considered as part of the permaculture movement Integrated Farming is a similar whole systems approach to agriculture. ref Steve Diver s work linking Integrated Farming with Permaculture http attra.ncat.org attra pub perma.html ref There have been efforts to link the two together such as at the 2007 International Permaculture Conference in Brazil. ref Report includes reference to presentation on Integrated Farming by permaculture ... at University of California Santa Cruz and Bio dynamic farming also describe similar integrated ... of poly culture farming pioneers began refining Integrated Farming practices that had already ... farming practice. In China, programs embracing this form of integrated farming have been successful in demonstrating how an intensive growing systems can use organic and sustainable farming practices ... Farming which was termed Integrated Biomass Systems working specifically under the UNU ZERI ZERI ... Integrated Farming project in Benin. ZERI Bag was designed to focus on small scale deployment of appropriate ... an international NGO based in the US has taken a lead role in deploying Integrated Farming so that it can be replicated globally as an effective approach to sustainable farming in non affluent ... farming of fish, crop and livestock http www.fao.org docrep field 003 AC264E AC264E13.htm ... Farming System by George Chan http integratedfarming.netcipia.net xwiki bin view Main WebHome wiki on integrated farming http www.songhai.org Songhai Centre in Benin http www.zeri.org Zero Emissions Research and Initiatives http www.blueeconomy.de The Blue Economy DEFAULTSORT Integrated Farming Category ... more details
Hoe farming is a collective term for certain forms of agriculture. In the History of agriculture farming of some early societies , and in some traditional cultures of the recent times or the near past, the tillage was done with simple manual tools like digging stick s or Hoe tool hoes , for example seeding was done manually by making holes for the seeds, putting them inside, then covering them. The precursor to hoe farming may be intensive gathering . ref NaOr77 82 Nagy Oliv rn & Ortutay Gyula eds 1977 1982 see http mek.oszk.hu 02100 02115 html 2 464.html online in Hungarian ref As for its future, it does not necessarily become superseded by applying plough and animal traction , because Ecology ecological factors are also very important. ref Oko konomische Anthropologie Fragen question 33 see http www.pensis.net documente 12schriftlichearbeiten Ethno oekonomische.anthropologie Fragen Luci 250104.pdf online in German ref Even the prevalence of the tsetse fly can matter Citation needed date February 2011 . Also Cultural anthropology cultural factors can be considered for example the local ... agriculture 69.htm online ref Hoe farming often coincides with long fallow systems and shifting cultivation , contrasted to permanent plough based cultivation systems and the Intensive farming intensification ... 2000 04 05 000178830 98101911020037 Rendered INDEX multi page.txt online ref Hoe farming may contain ... of subsistence agriculture . Examples A traditional area of hoe farming de Hackbaug rtel ..., but could remain dominant against the spread of intensive farming mainly in the tropics . The Isanzu were hoe farming people while the neighboring Hadzabe kept on living as hunter gatherer s . ref Koh56 ... Josef title Labour Saving Technologies and Practices for Farming and Household Activities in Eastern ... of Farming Systems in Sub Saharan Africa publisher The Johns Hopkins University Press location ... Farming history de Hackbau sl Kopa tvo sv Hackbruk ... more details
Snow farming is the use of obstacles, equipment and knowledge about management of snow in order to strategically manipulate snow coverage. Often this is done for the purpose of skiing or even preventing snow drift in certain areas like roads. The most popular obstacle is the snow fence , which is used to create drifts and collect more snow in a given area than would otherwise naturally occur. The snow can be moved to other areas and groomed with the use of a snow groomer . Sometimes the snow fence is readily movable in order to maximize the collection of blown snow, despite wind direction changes. gallery Image snowfarming.jpg Snow farming with movable snow fence Image with unknown copyright status removed Image Snowfarming snowfencefeb242009.jpg Snow fence collecting snow deletable image caption 1 subst time l, j F Y 7 days Image Snowgroomer spreading snow.jpg Snow grooming machine distributing farmed snow Image Grooming farmed snow.jpg Grooming farmed snow gallery References reflist External links http www.wisegeek.com what is snow farming.htm http www.chssnowmakers.com Snow 20Farming.htm DEFAULTSORT Snow Farming Category Snow ... more details
Gold farming is playing a massively multiplayer online game to acquire in game currency, e.g. gold. ref name pagetwo http www.sed.manchester.ac.uk idpm research publications wp di documents di wp32.pdf Current Analysis and Future Research Agenda on Gold Farming Real World Production in Developing Countries ... cash, ref name eurogamer1 ref name beeb2 gold farming is lucrative because it takes advantage of economic ... on Gold Farming Real World Production in Developing Countries for the Virtual Economies of Online ... publications wp di documents di wp32.pdf Current Analysis and Future Research Agenda on Gold Farming ... farming may have its origins in Korea spreading from there to China . 2001 reports describe Korean PC bang s, or cybercafe s, being converted into gold farming operations to serve domestic demand .... ref name pagefive Academic studies of gold farming reveal that the social networks of Gold Farmers are similar to those of drug dealers. ref cite news url http kotaku.com 5594424 gold farming research digs up similarities between drug dealers title Gold Farming Research Digs Up Similarities With Drug Dealers work Kotaku Daily accessdate July 23, 2010 ref Figures While reliable figures for gold farming ... documents di wp32.pdf Current Analysis and Future Research Agenda on Gold Farming Real World Production ..., 2009 ref Rules and enforcement In virtually all online games gold farming is specifically prohibited ..., Monday,June 29, 2009 2100 GMT ref Japan In response to increases in gold farming, in 2006 the Japanese ... of fraud. ref http au.gamespot.com news 6154249.html Japanese gov t looks into gold farming gamespot.com ..., May 11th, 2010 ref is based around gold farming and the fictional growth of unionisation ... publications wp di documents di wp32.pdf Current Analysis and Future Research Agenda on Gold Farming ... farming in rural and suburban China. DEFAULTSORT Gold Farming Category Massively multiplayer online ... de Goldfarmer es Granjero videojuegos fr Farming jeu vid o pl Farming ru MMORPG fi Kultafarmari ... more details
There are various methods of pig farming depending on the method of management adopted Level of management skills available Money or capital available Type of animals kept Local requirements and sale Pigs can be farmed in free range, being allowed to wander around a village, or kept in fields, or tethered with a simple house. In developed countries farming has moved away from Sty traditional pig farming and now they are typically Intensive pig farming intensively farmed . Hog operations are bigger than ever, with most housing 5,000 pigs in climate controlled buildings. With 100 million hogs slaughtered each year, these efficiencies deliver cheaper meat for consumers and bigger profits for producers. ref Shute, Nancy cite web url http myeducationresearch.com databases cgi bin kwq.asp?qu recnumber 20MOF00142978&FreeText &sc 2Fpierianp 2Fmof 2F title Food & America Pork Building a Better Pig. date 18 May 1743 work myeducationresearch.com, The Pierian Press, 15 Aug 2005. Online. Internet. accessdate 24 Feb 2011 ref Individual farm management focus on, housing facilities, feeding and ventilation systems, and temperature and environmental controls and the needs of economic viability. Just as producers have to determine the profit margin,type of facilities and equipment for their farm, they must also find the practices that best fit their farm s specific situation. Some procedures and treatments are known to stress the animals and producers should consider the animals welfare, health and management with accepted husbandry skills. Image JEFO Pigs.jpg thumb Pigs on a farm Image Suckling ... , chitterlings , blood blood pudding or black pudding are common. Pig farming terminology ... slaughter List of pig breeds ECODIPTERA Exotic pet Extensive farming Factory farming Intensive farming Intensive pig farming Miniature pig Taboo meat Iron Age pig References reflist Pigs Category Pig farming hr Svinjogojstvo ka mk ja ru sh Svinjarstvo sr ... more details
farming Intensive farming or intensive agriculture is an agricultural production system characterized ... 4foodandsustainabilityrev5.shtml BBC School fact sheet on intensive farming ref This is in contrast to many sorts of sustainable agriculture such as organic farming or extensive agriculture , which ... water with agricultural chemicals. Intensive animal farming practices can involve very large numbers ... sheet on intensive farming ref Very large or confined indoor intensive livestock operations particularly descriptive of common US farming practices are often referred to as Factory farming ref name ... Agriculture ref ref http dictionary.reference.com browse Factory 20farming Factory farming. Webster s Dictionary definition of Factory farming ref ref name britannicaRefFactoryFarm http www.britannica.com ... 07 28 000727farming.html Commissioner points to factory farming as source of contamination ref ref ... dollar relative to extensive farming and therefore, Food becomes more affordable to the consumer ... need to be felled for extensive farming methods in the same geographical location. This also leads ... by woodlands and rainforests . In the case of intensive livestock farming an opportunity to capture ... fuels. Disadvantages Ref improve section date February 2010 Intensive farming alters the environment ... on their food. Pre modern intensive farming Unreferenced section date November 2009 Pre modern intensive farming techniques and structures include Terrace agriculture terracing , Paddy field rice ... ref Paddy based rice farming has been practiced Korea since ancient times. A pit house at the Daecheon ..., bunds, canals, and small reservoirs. Some paddy farming techniques of the Middle Mumun c ... rice paddies at the Majeon ni Site. However, iron tools for paddy farming were not introduced until ... 400 668 . Modern intensive farming types Main Industrial agriculture Modern intensive farming refers ... intensive farming Main Sustainable farming Biointensive agriculture focuses on maximizing efficiency ... more details
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