Other uses In epidemiology , an epidemic epi meaning upon or above and demos meaning people , occurs when new cases of a certain disease , in a given human population, and during a given period, substantially exceed what is expected based on recent experience. The disease is not required to be communicable. An epidemic may be restricted to one locale , or it may be global , in which case it is called a pandemic . A few cases of a very rare disease may be classified as an epidemic, while many cases of a common disease such as the common cold would not. Notes reflist colwidth 40em External links Wiktionary epidemic refbegin http www.laprp.com article.php?aid 348 Video Discussion of the Prostate Cancer Epidemic http vlab.infotech.monash.edu.au simulations cellular automata epidemic Monash Virtual Laboratory Simulations of epidemic spread across a landscape http www.christianwalks.org churchgodpro disease.htm Maping the Outbreaks refend Natural disasters Category Epidemiology Category Epidemics Category Pandemics Category Biological hazards medicine stub af Epidemie ar be bs Epidemija bg ca Epid mia cv cs Epidemie da Epidemi de Epidemie et Epideemia el es Epidemia eo Epidemio eu Izurri fa fr pid mie gl Epidemia ko io Epidemio id Wabah ia Epidemia is Fars tt it Epidemia ka sw Gonjwa ht Epidemik la Epidemia lt Epidemija hu J rv ny mk ms Wabak nl Epidemie ja no Epidemi nn Epidemi nds S k pl Epidemia pt Epidemia ro Epidemie qu Unquy mast akuy ru sq Epidemia scn Pidim a simple Epidemic sk Epid mia sl Epidemija sr sh Epidemija fi Epidemia sv Epidemi tt te th tr Salg n uk zh ... more details
Infobox VG title Epidemic image Image Epidemic1.jpg 200px developer Strategic Simulations Inc. publisher Strategic Simulations Inc. distributor designer Steven Faber engine Custom version released 1983 genre Computer strategy game Strategy Game modes Single player ratings n a platforms Apple II , Atari Fact date June 2007 media requirements input Keyboard Epidemic is a real time strategy game in which the player stands in control of a world on the brink of extinction. A space borne plague has hit the planet and the player must stem the epidemic as quickly as possible and with minimal loss of life. Developed solely by Steven Faber in machine code , this game was created for Strategic Simulations, Inc. Your range of methods to deal with the epidemic range from inert methods like interferon , to quarantine , to the ultimate in immediate cessation, tactical nuclear weapon nukes . The game has 4 difficulty levels, ranging from small controllable scenarios of approximately 20 minutes at level 4, to full one hour campaigns with severe difficulty at level 1. Sources http www.atarimagazines.com creative v9n9 179 Strategy games and simula.php Atari Magazines, Strategy Games article from Atari Magazines Category 1983 video games Category Apple II games Category Strategy video games strategy videogame stub ... more details
Wiktionary epidemic An epidemic is a disease that spreads rapidly. Epidemic may also refer to Epidemic film Epidemic film , a 1987 film Epidemic band , a San Francisco Bay Area thrash metal band from the late 1980s and early 1990s. Epidemic Records Epidemic, a song by Slayer on their 1986 album, Reign In Blood Epidemic , a 1961 novel by Frank G. Tabarnak Slaughter disambig ru ... more details
suicide A suicide epidemic is an epidemic of suicide s. Such epidemics have occurred in the former Soviet Union in the 1990s ref citation title Economic reform and mortality in the former Soviet Union a study of the suicide epidemic in the 1990s author E Brainerd publisher European Economic Review date 2001 url http linkinghub.elsevier.com retrieve pii S0014292101001088 ref among police officer s ref cite book title Police suicide Epidemic in blue author JM Violanti isbn 978 0 398 07762 4 date 2007 ref on Indian reservation s ref citation title A suicide epidemic on an Indian reserve author JA Ward, J Fox publisher Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal date 1977 ref in Micronesia ref citation title Truk suicide epidemic and social change author FX Hezel publisher Human Organization date 1987 url http sfaa.metapress.com index JVT6138315101H88.pdf ref The Werther effect occurs when suicides that are made publicly known encourage others to imitate them. ref citation title Was There a Suicide Epidemic After Goethe s Werther? author J Thorson, PA berg publisher Archives of Suicide Research date 2003 url http www.informaworld.com index 4FG077LGMG7BF23B.pdf ref It has been suggested that the teaching of stories such as Romeo and Juliet may encourage suicide among young people. ref citation url http www.jstor.org stable 818306 title Rx for the suicide epidemic author DM Stupple publisher English Journal date 1987 ref See also Mass suicide Epidemiology of suicide References reflist Category Suicide ... more details
infobox Book See Wikipedia WikiProject Novels or Wikipedia WikiProject Books name The IDIC Epidemic title orig translator image Image The IDIC Epidemic.jpg 200px prefer 1st edition image caption author Jean Lorrah illustrator cover artist country United States language English language English series Star Trek The Original Series genre Science fiction novel publisher Pocket Books release date February 1988 media type Print Paperback pages 278 pp isbn ISBN 0 671 70768 X first edition, paperback preceded by Bloodthirst novel Bloodthirst followed by Time for Yesterday The IDIC Epidemic is a Star Trek The Original Series novel written by Jean Lorrah . Plot Vulcans, Humans, Klingons and countless other races live and work together on Vulcan Science Colony Nisus . The colony becomes infected with a contagius disease. The threat to so many races threatens to cause interstellar war. The solution to both aspects of the problem seems to buried in the Vulcan saying Infinite diversity in infinite combinations . External links memoryalpha article The IDIC Epidemic Star Trek publications Star Trek StarTrek novel stub DEFAULTSORT IDIC Epidemic, The Category Star Trek novels Category 1988 novels Category American science fiction novels ... more details
Epidemic polyarthritis is an outdated term that was used to refer to polyarthritis caused by two mosquito borne viruses endemic to Australasia Barmah Forest virus , which causes Barmah Forest Fever Ross River virus RRV , which causes Ross River Fever disambiguation Category Arthritis Category Infectious diseases ... more details
Infobox Film name Epidemic image image size caption director Lars von Trier producer writer Niels V rsel br Lars von Trier narrator starring Niels V rsel br Lars von Trier music cinematography Henning Bendtsen editing Thomas Kragh distributor released 11 September 1987 runtime 106 min. ref name LasagnaLena2003 cite book last1 Lasagna first1 Roberto last2 Lena first2 Sandra title Lars von Trier url http books.google.com books?id E9FYAibtRr4C&pg PA122 accessdate 15 October 2010 date 32 May 2003 publisher Gremese Editore isbn 9788873015437 page 124 ref country FilmDenmark language Danish budget preceded by followed by Epidemic is a 1987 film directed by Lars von Trier . It is the second of Trier s films known collectively as the Europa trilogy . The other two films in the trilogy are The Element of Crime 1984 and Europa film Europa 1991 . Co written by Niels V rsel , focuses on the screenwriting process. V rsel and von Trier play themselves, coming up with a last minute script for a producer. This story is intercut with scenes from the film they write, in which von Trier plays a renegade doctor trying to cure a modern day epidemic . In an ironic twist, the doctor discovers that he himself has been spreading the virus. This film marks the first in a series of collaborations between von Trier and Udo Kier . The film was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1987 Cannes Film ... id 459 year 1987.html title Festival de Cannes Epidemic accessdate 2009 07 21 work festival cannes.com ... about an epidemic of a plague like disease, the protagonist is a doctor, Mesmer, which against ... links Amg movie 139997 Epidemic imdb title 0092972 Epidemic tcmdb title id 492411 title Epidemic rotten tomatoes id epidemic title Epidemic CinemaofDenmark Lars von Trier Category Avant garde and experimental ... Science fiction horror films da Epidemic fr Epidemic it Epidemic film no Epidemic pl Epidemia film 1987 ru , 1987 sv Epidemic ... more details
orphan date February 2010 Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Epidemic Type studio Artist Turbo Polish band Turbo Cover Epidemic.jpg Released 1989 Italy Recorded March May 1989 at Gie da studio, Pozna Genre Heavy metal music Heavy metal , br Thrash metal Length 37 31 Label Metalmaster, Metal Mind Productions Producer Reviews Last album Alive Turbo album Alive br 1988 This album Epidemic br 1989 Next album Epidemie br 1990 Epidemic is the sixth studio album by Poland Polish Heavy metal music heavy metal band Turbo Polish band Turbo . It was released in 1989, in Italy through Metalmaster. ref cite news url http www.archiwumrocka.art.pl plyty turbo 1593,epidemic.html title Turbo discography on Archiwum Polskiego Rocka publisher date October 5, 2009 author ref The album was recorded on March May 1989, at Gie da studio, in Pozna . The cover art was created by Jerzy Kurczak. ref name Web cite news url http www.archiwumrocka.art.pl plyty turbo 1594,epidemie.html title Turbo discography on Archiwum Polskiego Rocka publisher date October 5, 2009 author ref This is the english version of Epidemie album. Track listing tracklist writing credits no title1 Salvator Mundi writer1 length1 3 58 title2 AIDS writer2 length2 4 45 title3 Ocean of Tears writer3 length3 4 37 title4 Loop of Time writer4 length4 4 43 title5 Crazy World writer5 length5 5 02 title6 Anty N.R. Eve writer6 length6 4 36 title7 Pleasure and Pain writer7 length7 4 14 title8 Den of Sorrow writer8 length8 5 14 title9 13.12.88 writer9 length9 0 46 Personnel Grzegorz Kupczyk vocal Wojciech Hoffmann electric guitar guitar Robert Litza Friedrich electric guitar guitar Andrzej ys w Bass guitar bass Tomasz Goehs drum kit drums References reflist DEFAULTSORT Epidemic Album Category 1989 albums Category Turbo albums pl Epidemic ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Not to be confused with the band Epidemic from Brazil or Israel which played a similar style of music, or the mainstream act Epidemic with lead singer Boris Bouma who released an album on Elektra records in 2002 and have since disbanded, or the punk band from Boston called The Epidemic. Infobox musical artist Name Epidemic Img Background group or band Origin Palo Alto, California Palo Alto , California , United States Genre Thrash metal br Death metal br Heavy metal music Heavy metal Years active 1987 1995 Label Metalcore Records Metalcore , Metal Blade Records Metal Blade Current members Carl Fulli br Mark Bodine br Erik Moggridge br Bobby Cochran Past members Geoff Bruce br Guy Higbey br Ted Kamp Epidemic was an United States American thrash metal band of late 1980s and early 1990s, part of the Bay Area thrash scene. History Epidemic was formed in early 1987 in Palo Alto by bassist Mark Bodine , guitarist Guy Higbey , guitarist Erik Moggridge , and their friend Ted Kamp on drums to play the senior night talent show at their high school. After playing a set of two songs a cover of Metallica s Creeping Death and an original song penned by Moggridge called No Man s Land and enjoying the experience, the guys decided to continue and pursue the band full time taking the Epidemic name from the Slayer song. After recruiting drummer Geoff Bruce and vocalist ... Image EPIDEMIC.jpg left thumb 300px EPIDEMIC circa 1992 L to R Mark Bodine, Carl Fulli, Bobby Cochran, Guy Higbey, Erik Moggridge In the fall of 1988, Epidemic came to the conclusion that they needed .... With this line up, Epidemic went into Telluride Studios in Palo Alto to record their now classic ... on their own. Epidemic s first headline show at the Stone was filled at 90 capacity. They also reached ... in early 1993. Epidemic gained considerable exposure as well as experience, as this was what they thought ... Records Demos Immortal Minority 1988 Demo 89 1989 Extremities 91 1991 DEFAULTSORT Epidemic Band Category ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 The Groninger ziekte also called intermittent fevers that broke out in 1826 was a malaria epidemic that killed 2,844 people nearly 10 of the population of Groningen city Groningen . In February 1825 the Dike construction dikes broke in several places causing widespread flooding in the region. The decay of plants and cattles under swamplike conditions and the flooding of the city of Groningen city Groningen in 1826 in the subsequent hot spring and summer of 1826 led to the epidemic. The epidemic also hit Friesland and the Germany German Wadden Sea region. The Frisia Frisian town of Sneek reported a tripling of the number of deaths in 1826 as compared to previous years. References cite book author Wilhelmina Baron year 2006 title Het belang en de welvaart van alle ingezetenen gezondheidszorg in de stad Groningen 1800 1870 language Dutch publisher RuG series Dissertation url http irs.ub.rug.nl ppn 297392336 cite journal author E. Martini year 1937 title ber die Malaria Epidemie an der Nordseek ste 1826 journal Medical Microbiology and Immunology volume 120 pages 36 language German cite web title The Story of Groningen url http www.hetverhaalvangroningen.nl cite journal author E. Teubner year 1937 title Aus Hamburger Akten ber die Epidemie im Nordseegebiet, vor allem in Gr ningen 1826 journal Medical Microbiology and Immunology volume 120 pages 44 language German Category History of the Netherlands Category History of Groningen Category 1826 disasters Category Epidemics fy Grinzer sykte nl Groninger ziekte ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Epidemic dropsy Image Sanguinarine structure.png Caption Sanguinarine in argemone oil is the toxic etiological agent of epidemic dropsy DiseasesDB 32789 ICD10 ICD10 T 62 8 t 51 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Epidemic dropsy is a form of edema of extremities due to Poison intoxication with Argemone mexicana Mexican prickly poppy . ref name pmid10621875 cite journal author Sharma BD, Malhotra S, Bhatia V, Rathee M title Epidemic dropsy in India journal Postgrad Med J volume 75 issue 889 pages 657 61 year 1999 month November pmid 10621875 pmc 1741391 doi 10.1136 pgmj.75.889.657 url http pmj.bmj.com cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 10621875 ref ,.. ref name cite journal pmid 9189656 cite journal last1 Das first1 M last2 Khanna first2 SK title Clinicoepidemiological, toxicological, and safety evaluation studies on argemone oil. journal Critical reviews in toxicology volume 27 issue 3 pages 273 97 year 1997 pmid 9189656 doi 10.3109 10408449709089896 ref In Northern India , epidemic dropsy occurs as a food adulterant disease where use of mustard oil as cooking medium is common. When mustard oil is adulterated deliberately as in most cases or accidental ... African study where the epidemic occurred through contamination in wheat flour, all the epidemics ... in food. Since then, Epidemic Dropsy has been reported from Bengal, Bihar, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh ... epidemic in 1998 at New Delhi, India is the largest so far, in which over 60 persons lost their lives ... LM title Oxidative damage of plasma proteins and lipids in epidemic dropsy patients alterations in antioxidant ... etiological agents of Epidemic dropsy . Though, epidemic dropsy is known in the country ... SK title Correlation of DNA damage in epidemic dropsy patients to carcinogenic potential of argemone ... failure in Epidemic Dropsy patients. The decrease in glycogen levels following argemone oil intoxication ... of the blood. References reflist Poisoning and toxicity DEFAULTSORT Epidemic Dropsy Category Vascular ... more details
infobox Book name Anatomy of an Epidemic title orig Anatomy of an Epidemic Magic Bullets, Psychiatric Drugs and the Astonishing Rise of Mental Illness in America translator image File Anatomy of an Epidemic cover.jpg alt Bright red book cover with black and white illustration of a human head from the eyes up, with dotted lines dividing up the brain. Each section is labeled with the name of a drug lithium , ritalin , zyprexa , wellbutrin , xanax , klonopin , risperdal , tegretol , lamictal , and prozac . White title Anatomy of an Epidemic and Magic Bullets, Psychiatric Drugs and the Astonishing Rise of Mental Illness in America and by Robert Whitaker, author of Mad in America 200px image caption author Robert Whitaker author Robert Whitaker illustrator cover artist country language series subject genre publisher Crown Publishing Group pub date 2010 english pub date media type pages isbn 978 0 307 45241 2 dewey 616.89 congress oclc preceded by followed by Anatomy of an Epidemic Magic Bullets, Psychiatric Drugs and the Astonishing Rise of Mental Illness in America is book by Robert Whitaker ... review Anatomy of an Epidemic url http news.therecord.com Life Books article 715412 date May 21 ... on a short term basis. ref name Lipinski cite news author Lipinski, Jed title Anatomy of an Epidemic ... 2010 04 27 interview whitaker anatomy of an epidemic work Salon publisher Salon Media accessdate ... emptied asylums to be a myth. ref cite journal author Whitaker, Robert title Anatomy of an Epidemic ... default files Anatomy of an Epidemic Psychiatric Drugs Rise of Mental Illness.pdf format PDF journal ... epidemic ref Whitaker, p. 208 ref unfortunately, the drugs that patients receive can perturb their normal ... there is an archived video. ref cite video people Robert Whitaker title Anatomy of an Epidemic url ... cite book author Whitaker, Robert authorlink Robert Whitaker author title Anatomy of an Epidemic Magic ... DEFAULTSORT Anatomy Of An Epidemic Category 2010 books Category American non fiction books Category ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Typhus Image Epidemic typhus Burundi.jpg Caption Rash caused by epidemic typhus DiseasesDB 29240 ICD10 ICD10 A 75 1 a 75 ICD9 ICD9 080 ICD9 083 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus 001363 eMedicineSubj med eMedicineTopic 2332 MeshID D014438 Epidemic typhus also called camp fever , jail fever , hospital fever , ship fever , famine fever , putrid fever , petechial fever , Epidemic louse borne typhus, ref name Bolognia cite book author Rapini, Ronald P. Bolognia, Jean L. Jorizzo, Joseph L. title Dermatology 2 Volume Set publisher Mosby location St. Louis year 2007 pages 1130 isbn 1 4160 2999 0 oclc doi accessdate ref and louse borne typhus ref cite web url http www.sedgleymanor.com diseases ..., New York Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City , is a mild form of epidemic typhus which recurs in someone ... and upheaval. Transmission Epidemic typhus is thus found most frequently during times of war and deprivation ... for a typhus epidemic would include refugee camps during a major famine or natural disaster. Henrique ... died investigating a typhus epidemic in a prison camp in 1915. Once these crucial facts were recognized ... Athens in ancient Greece was hit by a devastating epidemic, known as the Plague of Athens , which ... and in the winter of 427 6 BC. Epidemic typhus is a strong candidate for the cause of this disease outbreak ... of medicine at Duke University notes Epidemic typhus fever is the best explanation. It hits ... in 1577, later deemed the Black Assize , over 300 died from Epidemic typhus, including Sir Robert ... French soldiers died of typhus than were killed by the Russia ns. A major epidemic occurred in Ireland between 1816 19, and again in the late 1830s, and yet another major typhus epidemic occurred during ... strata. In America, a typhus epidemic killed the son of Franklin Pierce in Concord, New Hampshire ... Zhivago by Boris Pasternak , the main character contracts epidemic typhus in the winter following ... diseases DEFAULTSORT Epidemic Typhus Category Bacterium related cutaneous conditions Category ... more details
Wikify date May 2009 An Epidemic model is a simplified means of describing the transmission of communicable disease through individuals. Introduction essay like section date November 2010 The disease outbreak outbreak and spread of disease has been questioned and studied for many years. The ability to make predictions about diseases could enable scientists to evaluate inoculation or quarantine isolation plans and may have a significant effect on the mortality rate of a particular epidemic . The modeling of infectious diseases is a tool which has been used to study the mechanisms by which diseases spread, to predict the future course of an outbreak and to evaluate strategies to control an epidemic Daley & Gani, 2005 . The first scientist who systematically tried to quantify causes of death was John ... similar to that observed in many recorded epidemics Brauer & Castillo Chavez, 2001 . Types of Epidemic ..., each representing a specific stage of the epidemic. Letters such as M, S, E, I, and R are often used ... to time and that the epidemic process is deterministic. In other words, the changes in population ..., and are discussed in the Wikipedia page Epidemic models on lattices . Terminology The following is a summary ... number There is a threshold quantity which determines whether an epidemic occurs or the disease ... the infectious period, the infection dies out. If R sub 0 sub 1 there is an epidemic in the population .... Other Considerations within Compartmental Epidemic Models Vertical Transmission In the case ... from human to insect and an epidemic model must include both species, generally requiring many ... when modeling an epidemic include things such as the following Nonhomogeneous mixing Age Structured ... disease Compartmental models in epidemiology Epidemic Endemic epidemiology Transmission risks and rates Epidemic models on lattices . References Anderson, R. M. ed. 1982 Population Dynamics of Infectious .... 2005 . Epidemic Modeling An Introduction. NY Cambridge University Press. Hethcote, H. W. 2000 . The mathematics ... more details
The Tanganyika laughter epidemic of 1962 was an outbreak of mass hysteria , or Mass Psychogenic Illness MPI , rumored to have occurred in or near the village of Kashasha on the western coast of Lake Victoria in the modern nation of Tanzania formerly Tanganyika near the border of Kenya. ref http www.buzzle.com articles 162474.html The Outbreak of Hysteria That s No Fun at All. Guardian News & Media. November 20, 2007. ref NOTOC The incident The laughter epidemic began on January 30, 1962, at a mission run boarding school for girls in Kashasha. The laughter started with three girls and spread haphazardly throughout the school, affecting 95 of the 159 pupils, aged 12 18. ref name epidemic cite journal author Provine, Robert R. title Laughter journal American Scientist volume 84 issue 1 pages 38 47 date January February 1996 doi url http www.americanscientist.org issues feature laughter 1 ref ref cite journal first A.M. last Rankin coauthors Philip, P.J. year 1963 month May title An epidemic of laughing in the Bukoba district of Tanganyika journal Central African Journal of Medicine volume 9 pages 167 170 pmid 13973013 url http rltz.blogspot.com 2007 05 from central african medical journal.html ... were sent home, the epidemic spread to Nshamba, a village that was home to several of the girls ... again at the end of June. In June, the laughing epidemic spread to Ramashenye girls middle ... and two nearby boys schools were closed. ref name epidemic The Tanganyika laughter epidemic is sometimes ... this may not have been the case. Other reports tell that the epidemic consisted of occasional attacks ... Contagious. The Washington Post . December 14, 2006. ref The school from which the epidemic sprang ... Simone title Examining 1962 s laughter epidemic url http articles.chicagotribune.com 2003 07 29 features ... Epidemic journal HUMOR International Journal of Humor Research volume 20 issue 1 pages 49 71 url http ... from CBC News http www.radiolab.org 2008 feb 25 WNYC radio program with a section discussing the epidemic ... more details
In 1994 , a pneumonic Pneumonic plague plague epidemic 1994 plague in India broke out in India . It was particularly widespread in Surat , Gujarat , where it resulted in 52 deaths and in a large internal migration of about 300,000 residents, who fled fearing quarantine ref cite web title Pneumonic Plague Epidemic in Sural publisher Association of American Geographers url http www.aag.org hdgc www health units unit4 html 4bkground.html accessdate 2008 04 26 Dead link date October 2010 bot H3llBot ref . A combination of heavy monsoon rain and clogged sewers led to massive flooding which resulted in unhygienic conditions and a number of uncleared animal carcasses. It is believed that this situation precipitated the epidemic. ref cite news title Surat A Victim of Its Open Sewers publisher New York Times date September 25, 1994 url http query.nytimes.com gst fullpage.html?res 9F00E0DB123AF936A1575AC0A962958260 accessdate 2008 04 26 ref . There was widespread fear that the flood of refugees might spread the epidemic to other parts of India and the world, but that scenario was averted, probably as a result of effective public health response mounted by the Indian health authorities ref cite news title With Old Skills and New, India Battles the Plague publisher New York Times date September 29, 1994 url http query.nytimes.com gst fullpage.html?res 9A0CE3D7113AF93AA1575AC0A962958260 accessdate 2008 04 26 first John F. last Burns ref . Much like the Black Death that spread through medieval Europe, some questions still remain unanswered about the 1994 epidemic in Surat ref name nmdsll ... Sanjoy last Hazarika ref . Initial questions about whether it was an epidemic of plague arose because ... strongly suggesting that it was a plague epidemic blood tests for Yersinia were positive, a number ... geo&match exact DEFAULTSORT 1994 Plague Epidemic In Surat Category History of Surat Category 1994 in India Plague Epidemic In Surat, 1994 Category Many more Health problems in India Category Epidemics ... more details
merge to Second cholera pandemic date February 2011 Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Main Second cholera pandemic The Cholera epidemic of 1831 was an epidemic of the disease cholera in the United Kingdom , an episode in the larger Second cholera pandemic that affected most of the Eastern Hemisphere . Often then called Indian Cholera or Cholera Morbus , the outbreak of Cholera in Sunderland, Tyne and Wear Sunderland on 23 October 1831 was the first occurrence of the disease in the United Kingdom . The local authorities failure to control the disease, and their initial attempts to deny its existence contributed to the demands for responsible government and the uniting of the three parishes in the Borough of Sunderland in 1836. Symptoms and death The symptoms of people infected with cholera were muscle cramps, diarrhea, dehydration and a fever. The patient would most likely be killed by dehydration. Doctors at the time Doctors during the outbreak had many theories of how cholera spread, some thought that cholera was spread by filth and stagnant water whereas others thought that cholera was transmitted by touch or someone s clothes or by bad air the miasma theory . DEFAULTSORT Cholera Epidemic Of 1831 Category 1831 in the United Kingdom Category Health in England Category Cholera outbreaks Category Health in Tyne and Wear UK hist stub ... more details
The 1974 smallpox epidemic of India was one of the worst smallpox epidemics of 20th century. At least 15,000 people died of smallpox between January to May 1974, mainly in the Indian states of Bihar , Orissa and West Bengal . There were thousands who survived but were disfigured or blinded. India reported 61,482 cases of smallpox to WHO in these five months. India had over 86 of the world s smallpox cases in 1974, primarily due to this epidemic. ref name chart http www.smallpoxhistory.ucl.ac.uk ref By 1980, smallpox was certified as being eradicated from the world. It occurred during the World Health Organization s smallpox eradication program, and was important to the project because Indians considered smallpox to be a routine fact of life. ref name book http 66.114.0.13 9797 MuseSessionID fbf63e29d71375bdc553d2a9ba578ecd MuseHost www.worldbookonline.com MusePath student printmedia?id bt175097 ref Donald Henderson , who was a U.S. Public Health Services Officer stationed in New Delhi, said that If this interest and concern about ending smallpox can be maintained for the next few months, it s all over. We don t think we re overconfident, but everything looks good. By June of 1975, we hope we ll be finished with smallpox in Asia. ref name book References references DEFAULTSORT 1974 Smallpox Epidemic In India Category Smallpox Category 1974 in India Smallpox Epidemic In India, 1974 Category Health problems in India Category Epidemics in India Category Disasters in Bihar Disaster stub infectious disease stub india hist stub ... more details
Refimprove date November 2008 The Seattle Windshield Pitting Epidemic is a phenomenon which affected Bellingham, Washington Bellingham , Seattle, Washington Seattle , USA , and other Washington U.S. state Washington communities in April, 1954 it is considered an example of a mass delusion . ref Citation title Mass Delusions and Hysterias Highlights from the Past Millennium url http www.csicop.org si show mass delusions and hysterias highlights from the past millennium journal Skeptical Inquirer magazine author Robert Bartholomew and Erich Goode ref It was characterized by widespread observation of previously unnoticed windshield holes, pits and dings, leading residents to believe that a common causative agent was at work. It was originally thought to be the work of vandals but the rate of pitting was so great that residents began to attribute it to everything from sand flea eggs to nuclear bomb testing. Originating in Bellingham in March, police initially believed the work to be vandals using BB gun s. However the pitting was soon observed in the nearby towns of Sedro Woolley, Washington Sedro Woolley and Mount Vernon, Washington Mount Vernon and by mid April, appeared to have spread to the town of Anacortes on Fidalgo Island . Within a week, the news and the so called pitting epidemic had reached metropolitan Seattle. As the newspapers began to feature the story, more and more reports of pitting were called in. Motorists began stopping police cars to report damage and car lots and parking garages reported particularly severe attacks. Several theories for the widespread damage were postulated Some thought that a new million watt radio transmitter installed by the Navy was producing .... By April 17, the pitting suddenly stopped. The Seattle Windshield Pitting Epidemic as it is called ... in a Collective Delusion The Seattle Windshield Pitting Epidemic year 1961 journal Studies in Behavior ... The story of the Seattle Windshield Pitting Epidemic Category History of Seattle, Washington Category ... more details
Infobox Book title Affluenza The All Consuming Epidemic isbn 1 57675 199 6 author John de Graaf , David Wann, and Thomas Naylor Thomas H. Naylor Affluenza The All Consuming Epidemic is a 2001 and 2005 2nd edition anti consumerist book by John de Graaf , environmental scientist David Wann, and economist Thomas Naylor Thomas H. Naylor . Viewing consumerism with respective overworking and dissatisfaction as a deliberately spread disease, the book consists of three parts symptoms, origins and treatment. Affluenza concept is described as a painful, contagious, socially transmitted condition of overload, debt, anxiety, and waste resulting from the dogged pursuit of more ref cite journal title Book Review Affluenza The All Consuming Epidemic 2nd Edition last O Neill first Barbara journal Journal of Financial Counseling & Planning year 2008 volume 19 issue 1 pages 70 72 url http 6aa7f5c4a9901a3e1a1682793cd11f5a6b732d29.gripelements.com pdf 11 br affluenza volume 19 issue 1.pdf accessdate 2011 02 16 ref . The book was considered one of the eight best non fictions of the year by Detroit Free Press , and its copies were given to every freshman by two universities. ref http www.bkconnection.com ProdDetails.asp?ID 1576753573&PG 1&Type RLMa&PCS BKP Affluenza, Second Edition ref Amazon.com lists 38 books citing it. ref http www.amazon.com Affluenza All Consuming Epidemic John Graaf dp book citations 1576751996 ref sid dp av?ie UTF8&citeType cited cited Citations ref The book was highly recommended for academic and public libraries by M. Bay from Indiana University in library Journal. ref http www.amazon.com Affluenza All Consuming Epidemic John Graaf dp product description 1576751511 ref dp proddesc 0?ie UTF8&n 283155&s books Editorial Reviews ref . The Idaho State University has focused its Book Reading Project 2007 on the book. ref http www2.isu.edu headlines ?p 718 ISU Reading Project Affluenza events scheduled Sept. 18 21 ref See also Affluenza Affluenza When Too Much is Never ... more details
The Epidemic Intelligence Service EIS is a program of the United States of America United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC . Established in 1951, due to biological warfare concerns arising from the Korean War , it has become a hands on two year postgraduate training program in epidemiology , with a focus on field work . It is now run through the CDC s Office of Workforce and Career Development. Persons participating in the program, popularly called disease detectives , are called EIS Officers by the CDC and have been dispatched to investigate possible epidemics, due to both natural and artificial causes, including 2001 anthrax attacks anthrax , hantavirus , and West Nile virus in the United States and Ebola in Uganda and Zaire . For the duration of their service, EIS officers are assigned to operational branches within the CDC as the result of a highly competitive matching process traditionally the foodborne & diarrheal branch, under Robert Tauxe has been considered the plum posting . EIS service is also a common recruiting pathway into the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps . Since the smallpox crusade beginning in 1967, the CDC has paired an EIS officer and a Public Health Advisor or PHA as a scientist EIS and operations PHA team. These EIS PHA management teams have made major contribution to the management and leadership of the CDC, with several former ... coauthors Dannenberg A L, Hamilton D H year 2001 month December title Epidemic intelligence service ... cite journal last Ostroff first S M authorlink year 2001 month March title The Epidemic Intelligence ... title Training field epidemiologists Alexander Langmuir Alexander D. Langmuir and the epidemic intelligence ... title Training and service in public health practice, 1951 90 CDC s Epidemic Intelligence Service journal ... first A D authorlink year 1980 month title The Epidemic Intelligence Service of the Center for Disease ... year 1952 month March title Biological warfare defense. 2. The Epidemic Intelligence Service of the Communicable ... more details
The smallpox epidemic that ravaged the people of the Great Plains in 1837 and 1838 was believed to have begun in spring of 1837 when a deckhand became ill aboard an American Fur Company steamboat named S.S. St. Peter . ref name Garneau Garneau ref The steamboat traveling up the Missouri River to Fort Union from St. Louis, docked at Fort Clark near the two earth lodge villages of the Mandan people on June 18, 1837. The disease spread to the Mandan people. ref name ReferenceA S.S. St. Peter s & the 1837 Small Pox Epidemic ref In July 1837, the Mandan numbered no more than 2,000, by October that number had dwindled to 138. On August 11, Francis Chadron , a trader at Fort Clark, wrote, I Keep no a c of the dead, as they die so fast it is impossible . ref name Calloway, p.265 Calloway, p.265 ref By the time the S.S. St. Peter made it to Fort Union several deck hands had died, but only Jacob Halsey , an American Fur Company clerk, showed visible signs of the disease. In an attempt to stop the spread of the disease fort personnel performed primitive inoculations. Pus from Halsey s skin eruptions were used to inoculate approximately thirty Native American women and several white men living in or around the fort. Within two weeks, the women who received the inoculations began dying from the disease. ref name ReferenceA As the disease reached a peak at Fort Union bands of Native Americans continued to arrive at the fort for trade. Halsey wrote I sent our interpreter to meet them on every occasion, who represented our situation to them and requested them to return immediately from whence ... spread among the Blackfoot people housed there. ref name Garneau The epidemic continued to spread ... indian20.htm telusplanet.net S.S. St. Peter s & the 1837 Small Pox Epidemic. Malachite s Big ... DEFAULTSORT 1837 1838 Smallpox Epidemic Category Smallpox Category Epidemics Category 1830s in the United States Smallpox epidemic Category 1837 in the United States Category 1838 in the United States ... more details
The Mumbai plague epidemic was a bubonic plague epidemic that stuck the city of Mumbai Bombay in the late nineteenth century. The plague killed thousands, and many fled the city leading to a drastic fall in the population of the city. Causes The rapid growth of Bombay s commerce led to a large influx of workers. In the 1891 census the population of Bombay was counted to be 820,000. Most of the immigrant workers over 70 lived in chawls. The city services were not geared towards the well being of this part of the population and various diseases were endemic to the slums. Detection In September 1896 the first case of Bubonic plague was detected in Mandvi by Dr. Acacio Gabriel Viegas . It spread rapidly to other parts of the city, and the death toll was estimated at 1,900 people per week through the rest of the year. Many people fled from Bombay at this time, and in the census of 1901, the population had actually fallen to 780,000. Dr Viegas correctly diagnosed the disease as Bubonic Plague and tended to patients with great personal risk. He then launched a vociferous campaign to clean up slums and exterminate rats, the carriers of the fleas which spread the plague bacterium. To confirm Veigas findings, 4 teams of independent experts were brought in. With his diagnosis proving to be correct, the Governor of Bombay invited Dr W M Haffkine , who had earlier formulated a vaccine for cholera , do the same for the epidemic. In the first year of the plague, a research laboratory was set up at the JJ Hospital . It moved in 1899 to the Government House in Parel under the directorship of Haffkine. This was the beginning of the Haffkine Institute . Those who could afford it tried to avoid the plague by moving out of the city. Jamsetji Tata tried to open up the northern suburbs to accommodate such people. The brunt of the plague was borne by mill workers. The anti plague activities of the health department involved police searches, isolation of the sick, detention in camps of travellers ... more details
The President s Commission on the HIV Epidemic was a commission formed by then President Ronald Reagan in 1987 to investigate the AIDS pandemic . It is also known as the Watkins Commission for its chairman, James D. Watkins . History Watkins, who chaired the ten member Commission, won the support of many AIDS awareness advocates Who date April 2011 when his conservative panel unexpectedly recommended supporting anti bias laws to protect HIV positive people, on demand treatment for drug addict s, and the speeding of AIDS related research. During a press conference in 1988, Watkins said Semen , blood , and ignorance surround this epidemic, and we were in that last category. The Commission submitted 597 recommendations to the Presidency of Ronald Reagan Reagan administration . Controversy Reagan is often criticized by AIDS awareness groups Who date April 2011 for responding too little, too late to the growing cries for an inquiry into rapidly spreading HIV. Critics of Reagan s response to the Commission s findings Who date April 2011 state that the recommendations of the Commission went largely ignored by both the Reagan administration and its successor, the George H. W. Bush administration. External links http www.eric.ed.gov ERICWebPortal custom portlets recordDetails detailmini.jsp? nfpb true& &ERICExtSearch SearchValue 0 ED299531&ERICExtSearch SearchType 0 no&accno ED299531 Final Report US gov stub Category AIDS activism Category HIV AIDS in the United States Category United States national commissions ... more details
Summary Non free use rationale Article Anatomy of an Epidemic Description This is the front book cover art for the book Anatomy of an Epidemic . Source http www.portlandhearingvoices.net events.html Portland Hearing Voices Portion The entire front cover. Because the image is a book cover, a form of product packaging, the entire image is needed to identify the product, properly convey the meaning and branding intended, and avoid tarnishing or misrepresenting the image. Low resolution The copy is of sufficient resolution for commentary and identification but lower resolution than the original book cover. Copies made from it will be of inferior quality, unsuitable as artwork on pirate versions or other uses that would compete with the commercial purpose of the original artwork. Purpose Low resolution copy of a copyrighted book cover, intended to identify the book, which does not in any way reduce the value of the original. Used only in main infobox. The image is used for identification in the context of critical commentary of the work for which it serves as cover art. It makes a significant contribution to the user s understanding of the article, which could not practically be conveyed by words alone.The image is placed in the infobox at the top of the article discussing the work, to show the primary visual image associated with the work, and to help the user quickly identify the work and know they have found what they are looking for.Use for this purpose does not compete with the purposes of the original work, namely the book cover creator s ability to provide book cover design services and in turn marketing books to the public. Replaceability As a book cover, the image is not replaceable by free content any other image that shows the packaging of the book would also be copyrighted, and any version that is not true to the original would be inadequate for identification or commentary. other information The book cover art copyright is believed to belong to Crown Publishing ... more details
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