Refimprove date February 2010 Enlightenedabsolutism also known as benevolent despotism or enlightened despotism is a form of absolute monarchy or despotism in which rulers were influenced by the Age of Enlightenment Enlightenment . Enlightened monarchs embraced the principles of the Enlightenment, especially its emphasis upon rationality , and applied them to their territories. They tended to allow religious toleration, freedom of speech and the press, and the right to hold private property. Most fostered the arts, sciences, and education. Enlightened absolutists beliefs about royal power were often similar to those of absolute monarchs, in that many believed that they had the right to govern by birth and generally refused to grant constitution s, seeing even the most pro monarchy ones as being an inherent check on their power. The difference between an Absolutism European history absolutist and an enlightened absolutist is based on a broad analysis of how far they embraced Enlightenment. For example, although Empress Catherine II of Russia entirely rejected the concept of the social contract, she Russian Enlightenment took up many ideas of the Enlightenment , being a great patron of the arts in Russian Empire Imperial Russia and incorporating many ideas of enlightened philosophers ... the spirit of enlightenedabsolutism by borrowing a phrase from the Cameralism cameralist writer ... philosopher who felt enlightened monarchy was the only real way for society to advance. However, historians debate the actual implementation of enlightenedabsolutism. They distinguish between ... to effect enlightened reforms in practice. ref Scott, H.M. ed. , EnlightenedAbsolutism Reform and Reformers ... Rulers associated with enlightenedabsolutism Catherine II of Russia ref McKay, A History of Western ... king God complex References reflist Authoritarian types of rule DEFAULTSORT EnlightenedAbsolutism ..., Peter H., Absolutism in Central Europe , New York Routledge, 2000, p. 109 ref . Implicit in this philosophy ... more details
Wiktionarypar absolutism The term Absolutism may refer to Absolute idealism , an ontologically monistic philosophy attributed to G.W.F. Hegel. It is Hegel s account of how being is ultimately comprehensible as an all inclusive whole Absolute monarchy , a form of government where the monarch has the power to rule their land freely, with no laws or legally organized direct opposition in force Philosophy of space and time Absolutism and relationalism Absolute space , a theory holding that space exists absolutely, in contrast to relationalism, which holds that space exists only as relations between objects Universality philosophy As a state truth Absolute truth , the contention that in a particular domain of thought, all statements in that domain are either absolutely true or absolutely false Absolutism European history , historiographical term used to describe a form of monarchical power that is unrestrained by any other institutions, such as churches, legislatures, or social elites Autocracy also known as political absolutism , a political theory which argues that one person should hold all power Enlightenedabsolutism , a term used to describe the actions of absolute rulers who were influenced by the Enlightenment eighteenth and early nineteenth century Europe Moral absolutism , the position that there are absolute standards against which moral questions can be judged, and that certain actions are good or evil, regardless of the context of the act disambig es Absolutismo desambiguaci n he hu Abszolutizmus egy rtelm s t lap ja pl Absolutyzm ru fi Absolutismi sv Absolutism Category Philosophical theories ... more details
About moral absolutism as a theory of normative ethics moral absolutism as a theory of meta ethics Moral universalism Moral absolutism is the ethical view that certain actions are absolutely right or wrong, regardless of other contexts such as their consequences or the intentions behind them. Thus stealing, for instance, might be considered to be always immoral, even if done to promote some other good e.g., stealing food to feed a starving family , and even if it does in the end promote such a good. Moral absolutism stands in contrast to other categories of normative ethics normative ethical theories such as consequentialism , which holds that the morality in the wide sense of an act depends on the consequences or the context of the act. Moral absolutism is not the same as moral universalism also called moral objectivism . Universalism holds merely that what is right or wrong is independent of custom or opinion as opposed to moral relativism relativism , but not necessarily that what is right or wrong is independent of context or consequences as in absolutism . Moral universalism is compatible with moral absolutism, but also positions such as consequentialism. Louis Pojman gives the following definitions to distinguish the two positions ref name PojmanDefense Pojman, L. P. A Defense of Ethical Objectivism p. 50 ref cquote Moral absolutism There is at least one principle that ought ... , such as the deontological ethics of Immanuel Kant , are often forms of moral absolutism, as are many religion religious moral codes, particularly those of the Abrahamic religions . Moral absolutism and religion Moral absolutism may be understood in a strictly secular context, as in many forms of deontological ... of religious moral absolutism. On the other hand, the fact that some moral changes, such as from ... an endorsement of slavery. ref apparently are progress , is seen by others as evidence for absolutism ... Absolutism Category Ethical theories Category Morality ca Absolutisme moral de Sittengesetz he ... more details
Wikify date January 2010 Orphan date November 2006 Meiklejohnian absolutism is the belief espoused by the absolutist Alexander Meiklejohn , that the purpose of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution 1st Amendment is to continue to keep the electorate informed, thereby creating self governance. Therefore, all speech, which can even be criticizing of the established governance, is healthy to the life of democracy. In essence, this means that free speech must be protected not for those speaking, but for those that should hear what they are saying. This term is a law and journalistic term that is used in large part to argue the burden of proof is on the side of an argument opposing the 1st Amendment, such as clear and present danger. References http www.monthlyreview.org 398rwm.htm Monthly Review March http www.findarticles.com p articles mi m1132 is n10 v49 ai 20468116 The new theology of the First Amendment class privilege over democracy Category The Enlightenment ... more details
Enlightened moderation ref http www.washingtonpost.com wp dyn articles A5081 2004May31.html A Plea for Enlightened Moderation , by Pervez Musharraf, June 1, 2004, The Washington Post ref ref http www.memritv.org Transcript.asp?P1 952 Ayman Al Zawahiri s Interview to Al Sahab Part II Osama Bin Laden Still Commands the Jihad, but the Jihad Is Larger than Individuals. Mujahideen Should Attack Oil Infrastructure in the Middle East ref , is a term coined by former President of Pakistan Pervez Musharraf , which applies to practicing Islam moderately, as opposed to practicing Islamic fundamentalism fundamentalist version of Islam . To think properly as to rationalize thoughts, be on the positive side of life, to prefer optimism, and the theory is against extremism. The strategy of enlightened moderation was unveiled by Musharraf during the OIC Summit Conference at Malaysia in 2002. ref http www.dtic.mil cgi bin GetTRDoc?AD ADA437501 26Location U2 26doc GetTRDoc.pdf , p.63 ref Musharraf explained his position in an opinion piece published in various newspapers in 2004. His plan for enlightened moderation has two sides. It calls for the Muslim world to shun militancy and extremism and adopt the path of socioeconomic uplift and for the West, and the United States in particular, to seek to resolve all political disputes with justice and to aid in the socioeconomic betterment of the deprived ... for Enlightened Moderation ref Musharraf pointed out that moderation and enlightenment have been ... Fundamentalist Islamic organizations have criticized Musharraf s vision of enlightened moderation ... . Islam is innately a religion of enlightened moderation, they argue, and needs no Westernized amendments. ref http www.jamaat.org Isharat ish0704.html Jamaat e Islami Enlightened Moderation or the new ... all political disputes with justice. ref Masooda Bano, Unraveling Enlightened Moderation , Al Ahram ... ish0704.html Jamaat e Islami Enlightened Moderation Or The New US Religious Order Pervez Musharraf ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Enlightened Rogues Type Album Artist The Allman Brothers Band Cover Enlightened Rogues.jpg Released February 1979 Recorded December 1978 January 1979 br small Criteria Studios , Miami, FL Genre Southern rock Label Polydor Capricorn Records Capricorn Producer Tom Dowd Reviews Allmusic Rating 3.5 5 Allmusic class album id r398 review pure url yes link Rolling Stone small Not Rated small http www.rollingstone.com artists theallmanbrothersband albums album 167579 review 5944147 enlightened rogues link Last album Wipe the Windows, Check the Oil, Dollar Gas br 1976 This album Enlightened Rogues br 1979 Next album Reach for the Sky Allman Brothers Band album Reach for the Sky br 1980 Enlightened Rogues is the seventh studio album by The Allman Brothers Band , released in 1979 on the Polydor and Capricorn Records Capricorn labels. It was from the first reunion of the band with new guitarist Dan Toler and bassist David Goldflies following their 1976 dissolution. The album received strong reviews and moderate sales and was seen as an attempt to return to the dual guitar power of the original lineup. Tom Dowd, who had produced the band s two most successful records in the early 1970s, was brought back to handle production duties. It would also be the last record for Polygram and Capricorn. Capricorn filed for bankruptcy a year later. The band shifted to Arista records for their next release in 1980. Crazy Love was the group s second of three Top 40 hits to date. Track listing Crazy Love Dickey Betts 3 44 Can t Take It With You Betts 3 33 Pegasus song Pegasus Betts 7 31 Need Your Love So Bad Mertis John Jr. 4 01 Blind Love B.B. King , Jules Taub 4 37 Try It One More Time Dickey Betts , David Goldflies 5 04 Just Ain t Easy Gregg Allman 6 06 Sail Away Betts 3 34 Personnel Gregg Allman Keyboards, Vocals Dickey Betts Guitar, Vocals, Dan Toler Guitar David Goldflies Bass Jai Johanny Johanson Jaimoe Percussion, Drums Butch Trucks Percussion ... more details
, ref cite web url http www.stetson.edu psteeves classes louisxiv.html title The Theory of Absolutism ... by historians on the extent of absolutism among European monarchs. Some, such as Perry Anderson , argue ... such as Roger Mettam dispute the very concept of absolutism. ref Mettam, Roger. Power and Faction in Louis XIV s France , 1991. ref In general, historians who disagree with the appellation of absolutism ... they attempted to develop an adequate income. ref Bouwsma, William J., in Kimmel, Michael S. Absolutism ... . Lineages of the Absolutist State . London Verso, 1974. Kimmel, Michael S. Absolutism and Its Discontents ..., 1988. Miller, John ed. . Absolutism in Seventeenth Century Europe . New York Palgrave Macmillan, 1990. Wilson, Peter H. Absolutism in Central Europe . New York Routledge, 2000. Zmora, Hillay. Monarchy ... Divine Right of Kings Neo absolutism DEFAULTSORT Absolutism European History Category History of Europe ... ca Absolutisme cs Absolutismus de Absolutismus et Absolutism el es Absolutismo ... Absolutismo ro Absolutism ru sq Absolutizmi sk Absolutizmus sl Absolutizem sr ... more details
notability book date December 2009 A Message to Enlightened Thinkers is one of Ali Shariati s important fact date December 2009 written works and is an interpretation of a Qur an ic chapter called Ar Rum the Byzantines . References Unreferenced article date December 2009 DEFAULTSORT Message to the Enlightened Thinkers Category Books by Ali Shariati Islam book stub Category Articles lacking sources from June 2009 Category All articles lacking sources ... more details
In computing , the Enlightened Sound Daemon ESD or EsounD is the sound server for Enlightenment window manager Enlightenment and GNOME . ESD will mix together the simultaneous audio output of multiple running programs, and output the resulting stream to the sound card. ESD can also manage computer network network Location transparency transparent sound reproduction audio . As such, an application that supports ESD can output audio over the network, to any connected computer that is running an ESD server. ESD support must be specifically written and added into applications, as ESD does not emulate normal audio hardware API s. Since ESD has been around for over a decade, earlier than almost any other sound server, a very large number of Unix applications have support for ESD output built in, or available as add ons. ESD was maintained as part of the GNOME project, but as of April 2009, all ESD modules in Gnome have been ported to libcanberra for event sounds or GStreamer PulseAudio for everything else. ref cite web url http 0pointer.de blog projects esound free.html title Lennart s Blog aggregated on Planet Gnome accessdate 2009 04 05 ref See also Portal Free software JACK Audio Connection Kit aRts d Network Audio System NAS PulseAudio Advanced Linux Sound Architecture ALSA Open Sound System OSS References Reflist External links http www.tux.org ricdude overview.html EsounD The Enlightened Sound Daemon Overview old project home page http ftp.gnome.org pub gnome sources esound 0.2 Current Gnome EsounD source archive current Gnome releases GNOME Category GNOME Category Free audio software Category Audio libraries multimedia software stub free software stub de Enlightened Sound Daemon es Enlightened Sound Daemon nl Enlightened Sound Daemon ja Enlightened Sound Daemon pt Enlightened Sound Daemon ru Enlightened Sound Daemon ... more details
Infobox television show name Enlightened image include ALT text per MOS ALT guideline caption show name 2 genre Comedy format creator Mike White scriptwriter Mike White developer writer director creative director starring Laura Dern br Diane Ladd br Luke Wilson br Timm Sharp narrated theme music composer opentheme endtheme composer country United States language English num seasons 1 num episodes list episodes executive producer producer editor location cinematography camera runtime 22 minutes company distributor channel HBO picture format audio format first run first aired last aired status Upcoming series preceded by followed by related website http www.hbo.com enlightened index.html production website Enlightened is an upcoming American television series starring Laura Dern . The first season, which is set to premiere in 2011 on HBO , will consist of 10 episodes. ref http tvcomedies.about.com b 2010 04 09 hbo picks up enlightened with laura dern.htm ref Plot Enlightened follows the story of Amy, a self destructive executive, who, after a very public breakdown and a subsequent philosophical awakening in rehabilitation, tries to get her life back together. Cast Laura Dern as Amy Diane Ladd as Helen, Amy s mother Luke Wilson as Levi, Amy s ex husband Timm Sharp as Amy s Boss ref http www.deadline.com 2010 07 timm sharp in for mos def in enlightened ref Amy Hill References Reflist External links Official website http www.hbo.com enlightened index.html IMDb title 1576717 Enlightened Category 2010s American television series Category 2011 American television series debuts Category American television sitcoms Category English language television series Category HBO network shows Category Upcoming television series US tv prog stub ... more details
Summary Album cover for Enlightened Rogues by the Allman Brothers Band. The source of this image is Allmusic class album id r398 pure url yes Fair Use Rationale This image is subject to copyright by Polydor Records, but it is covered by U.S. fair use laws for inclusion in the articles Enlightened Rogues and The Allman Brothers Band discography because As a picture of an album cover, this image uniquely identifies the album, and is not replaceable with free content. It is being used for educational and informational purposes only. It is a low resolution copy. It does not interfere with the copyright owner s economic interests. It does not limit the copyright owner s rights. Licensing Non free album cover ... more details
the Economics of Self Interests ref ref http criticalmastiff.blogspot.com 2005 07 enlightened self interest vs communal.html Enlightened Self Interest vs. Communal Responsibility ref It has often been ... ref Enlightened self interest might be considered to be unrealistically idealism idealistic and altruism ... utilitarian by proponents. Related concepts Unenlightened self interest In contrast to enlightened ... of enlightened self interest that these individuals constitute a small dominant minority minority ... . Deferred gratification Enlightened self interest also has implications for long term benefits ..., and Collective Self. Pscyhology Press UK 2001, p. 84 ref When an individual pursues enlightened ... where the benefit to the group or society is a by product than the focus of enlightened self interest ... Enlightened self interest is also different from pure altruism , which calls for people to act ... for themselves in the future. Some advocates of enlightened self interest might argue that pure ... he referred to as The principle of enlightened self interest . See also Adam Smith and the invisible ... links http www.learningtogive.org papers index.asp?bpid 23 J.B. Steenbergen Enlightened self interest ... J. Ikerd Economics of Enlightened Self Interest http users.ox.ac.uk jrlucas ethecon ethecon.html ... chap13.pdf Chapter 13 http everything2.com index.pl?node id 1280120 Enlightened self interest Everything2.com http iml.jou.ufl.edu projects Spring02 Holt enlightened.html Enlightened self interest ... Enlightened Self interest Model http www.principalvoices.com 2006 collaboration introduction.html ... Self Acceptance enlightened selfinterest.htm Enlightened self interest from a perspective of self help Smart Recovery DEFAULTSORT Enlightened Self Interest Category Social ethics Category Utilitarianism ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Enlightened Type Studio album Longtype Artist Dynamic Duo Cover Dynamicduoenlightenedcover.jpg Cover size Caption Released May 28, 2007 Recorded Genre K pop , Hip hop music Hip hop Length Language Korean language Korean Label CJ Music Producer Reviews Compiled by Chronology Last album This album Enlightened br 2007 Next album Misc Enlightened is a 2007 album by Dynamic Duo . This is Dynamic Duo s third album and was released on Compact Disc. This album features many guest artists, including YDG, Kero One and Brown Eye Soul s Na Ul, among others. Track listing Feat.YDG DREAM Feat. Feat. , Dave Lopez For Flipsyde Feat.Kero One Interlude Feat. For Bubble Sisters Feat. Of Brown Eyed Soul Feat.Sixpoint Happy Day Feat. Heritage Feat. Bobby Kim U turn Feat. Verbal Jint Hidden Track Category 2007 albums Category Dynamic Duo albums ... more details
Infobox non profit name Network of enlightened Women NeW image File NeW Logo.jpg 225px NeW logo type Conservative college women s organization founded date 2004 tax id registration id founder Karin Agness location coordinates origins key people area served product mission focus method revenue endowment num volunteers num employees num members subsid owner non profit slogan former name homepage http enlightenedwomen.org dissolved footnotes The Network of enlightened Women NeW is an organization for culturally conservatism conservative women at Higher education in the United States American universities . Started as a book club at the University of Virginia in 2004, NeW seeks to cultivate a community of conservative women and expands intellectual diversity on college campuses through its focus on education. NeW members meet to discuss issues ranging from politics and gender to conservative principles. Since its founding, NeW has expanded to over 20 colleges campuses nationwide. ref cite web url http enlightenedwomen.org about title About the Network of enlightened Women NeW author date work publisher Network of enlightened Women accessdate 10 February 2011 ref Activities NeW was founded in September 2004 by Karin Agness as a Book discussion club book club at the University of Virginia UVa . Agness found the environment at UVa hostile to conservative women. While interning in DC for Senator Lugar , she said, I had the opportunity to spend time with other conservative young women. I found this to be a unique environment for me and I really enjoyed it. After talking with some friends, I realized that I was really just a part of a large group of young conservative women who often felt silenced by bold men or feminists. ref name spotlight cite web url http www.cblpi.org students bio.cfm?ID 83&Type SpotLight title Student Spotlight Karin Agness author date work publisher Clare ... Network Of Enlightened Women Category Women s organizations in the United States ... more details
The nihongo Enlightened People s Communist Party Gy min Ky sant was a political party in Japan . The party, which called for immediate revolution in Japan, is not recognized by the present day Japanese Communist Party as its predecessor. However, several former members of the party took part in the founding of the Japanese Communist Party in 1922. ref Beckmann, George M., and Genji Okubo. http books.google.com books?id 8IarAAAAIAAJ The Japanese Communist Party 1922 1945 . Stanford, Calif Stanford University Press, 1969. pp. 34, 49 ref Founding The party was founded by Kondo Eizo on August 20, 1921 Kondo had been released from jail in July the same year . The founding group of the party consisted of radical intellectuals, many of them former students of Waseda University and members of the Society of Enlightened People. The founding meeting, held in secret, adopted a party platform and constitution. An executive committee was elected with Kondo as its chairman , as well as four other committees Finance Committee, led by Nakasone Genwa Investigation Committee, led by Hirata Shinsaku Publication Committee, led by Takase Kiyoshi Propaganda Committee, led by Takatsu Seido . ref name j1 Beckmann, George M., and Genji Okubo. http books.google.com books?id 8IarAAAAIAAJ The Japanese Communist Party 1922 1945 . Stanford, Calif Stanford University Press, 1969. pp. 32 35 ref According to Smith, the actual identity of the party is unclear. Kondo s testimonies stated that the organization called itself the Communist Party but Takase s testimonies give a slightly different view. According to Takase, the name of the organization was Gyomin Communist Group and was more of an informal association than a structured party. However, the leaflets distributed by the organization were signed Communist Party Headquarters . ref name j2 Smith, Henry DeWitt. http books.google.se books?id 9IDU yYcXboC Japan s First Student Radicals . Cambridge, Mass Harvard University Press, 1972. p. 97 ref ... more details
Notability date April 2010 SpecialChars image Standard Tibetan name.svg special Tibetan script fix Help Multilingual support Indic characters Tibetan script Tibetan characters error mojibake question marks, boxes, or other symbols Tibetan Buddhism buddhism Shining Relics of Enlightened Body bo t w sku gdung bar ba is numbered amongst the Seventeen Tantras of Menngagde bo t w man ngag sde i rgyud bcu bdun within Dzogchen discourse and is part of the textual support for the Vima Nyingtik . Translation Though no other predating version from the Tibetan is likely nor extant, the work is held to be a translation in the Nyingma Dzogchen tradition though no originating language is made apparent in the secondary literature. Martin 1994 p. 282 holds that Vimalamitra was assigned to the translation group that was responsible for this work blockquote The work was translated and verified by the Indian Master Vimalamitra and the Tibetan translator Ka ba Dpal brtsegs. ref Martin, Dan 1994 . Pearls from Bones Relics, Chortens, Tertons and the Signs of Saintly Death in Tibet . Numen , Vol. 41, No. 3. Sep., 1994 , p.282. ref blockquote Ka ba Dpal brtsegs, important in the codification of the Tibetan Buddhist canon , is numbered as one of the twenty five principal disciples Wylie rje bang nyer lnga of Padmasambhava . ref Source http www.rangjung.com gl 25 disciples.htm accessed Saturday January 30, 2010 ref Relics Sarira are generic terms for Buddhist relics , although in common usage these terms usually refer to a kind of pearl or crystal like bead shaped objects that are purportedly found among the cremation cremated ashes of Buddhist spiritual masters recovered from charnel ground s. Sarira are held to emanate or incite blessings and grace Sanskrit adhishthana within the mindstream and experience of those connected to them. ref Martin, Dan 1994 . Pearls from Bones Relics, Chortens, Tertons and the Signs of Saintly Death in Tibet . Numen , Vo ... more details
All in the Family Absolutism, Revolution, and Democracy in the Middle Eastern Monarchies is a book by Michael Herb published in 1999. The book s central thesis is that Arab monarchies continue to be stable because numerous members of the royal family are given important positions in the government bureaucracy. ref http books.google.com books?hl en&id GFdEMIkSfwEC&dq all in the family herb&printsec frontcover&source web&ots MeuGwL1lUS&sig WC8fpCULt2EGGJEBOEU ZSODOk&sa X&oi book result&resnum 1&ct result ref Resilience of Arab Monarchies According to Herb, in 1900 most countries of the world were controlled by monarchs, but by 1999 there existed only a few outside the eight monarchies of the Arab world. Herb argues that the these Arab monarchies have persevered not because of oil money Rentier state rentierism or the lack of the a middle class, but because of their dynastic monarchy structure. Dynastic Monarchy Theory According to Herb, in 1938 the ruling Al Sabah family of Kuwait created a new form of government for the Persian Gulf. In that year, the Al Sabah threw the merchants out of the Kuwaiti bureaucracy and replaced them with members of the royal family. The other Persian Gulf monarchies followed suit. In these type of regimes, which Herb calls dynastic monarchies, the King or Emir typically installs members of the royal family as Prime Minister, Minister of the Interior, Minister of Foreign Affairs, and Minister of Defense. These and other positions in the bureaucracy are used by the monarch as consolation prize bargaining chips to dole out to dissatisfied member of the royal family as a means of building consensus. As a result, these dynastic monarchies are much more stable than monarchies in which the monarch excludes the rest of the royal family from power. Rejection of Rentier State as Main Cause The Rentier state rentier state theory is that states in which the government controls vast wealth and does not need to control taxes are likely to be autocratic ... more details
Margarida Teresa da Silva e Orta 1711 1793 was a Brazil Brazilian author of the Age of Enlightenment Enlightenment era. She was born in S o Paulo and moved with her parents to Portugal at the age of six, where she remained for the rest of her life. Her chief work is Maximas de Virtude e Formosura Maxims of Virtue and Beauty , published in Lisbon in 1752 and reissued in 1777 under the title Aventuras de Di fanes . Based on Fran ois F nelon F nelon s novel Les Aventures de T l maque T l maque , it contains a criticism of Absolute monarchy royal absolutism , recommending instead that the king should follow a policy of enlightened paternalism . Sources C.R. Boxer Women in Iberian Expansion Overseas Some Facts, Fancies and Personalities Oxford University Press, 1975 Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Silva e Orta, Margarida Teresa da ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1711 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 1793 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Silva e Orta, Margarida Teresa da Category Brazilian writers Category 1711 births Category 1793 deaths pt Teresa Margarida da Silva e Orta ... more details
Image Stemann.jpg thumb right Poul Christian von Stemann Poul Christian von Stemann April 14, 1764 November 25, 1855 was a Danish state official and leading minister 1827 1848. Stemann belonged to an old civil service family of German origin that has created many Danish local officials. As a young man he was relatively liberal, later becoming a deep conservative. As the son of a supporter of Ove H egh Guldberg , his early state career was hampered for political reasons. Instead, he made himself a career in the Supreme Court besides establishing himself as a squire. Between 1798 and 1827, he was amtman prefect of Sor and showed himself a very industrious, masterful and active local official who attracted the attention of King Frederick VI . In 1827, Stemann was appointed President of Danish Chancellery Home Office and Minister of Juridical Affairs and from then he was for twenty years the last prime minister of Danish absolutism though not officially presiding in the State Council until 1842 . His work fell in an age of growing opposition and reform demands of which he like his royal employer clearly disapproved. He reluctantly accepted the creation of Assemblies of Estates in the 1830s, but tried to limit their influence as much as possible, counteracting the moderate conservative wing of the government as well as concessions to the liberal opposition. To the latter Stemann stood as the reactionary, an unimaginative and authoritarian bureaucrat himself. Later historians have varied this verdict but on the whole he is still regarded as a very traditional representative of the non enlightened absolutism regarding the squires as the foundation of the state. He was also an enemy of the Schleswig Holstein movement but it is still discussed whether this was due to his national feelings or to his disapproval of all opposition. During the reign of Christian VIII , Stemann continued in office but with less influence. At the fall of absolutism in March 1848, he was dismissed ... more details
stage towards the centralised Enlightenedabsolutism absolutist state of the 18th century ..., Religion, Absolutism, and Modernity Category Protestant Reformation Calvinism stub de Konfessionalisierung ... more details
than before, and the nobility s position became harder to justify. See also Absolutism European history Jacques Bossuet Constitutional monarchy Democracy Dictatorship Enlightenedabsolutism Thomas Hobbes ... Blackwell, 1988. ref Absolutism was underpinned in a written constitution for the first time in Europe ... son, Charles XII of Sweden Karl XII , but after his death in 1718, that system was ended. Absolutism ... , establishing a bureaucracy and a police state . This tradition of absolutism, known as the tsarist absolutism , was built on by Catherine II of Russia Catherine II the Great and other later ... Revolution . However, the concept of absolutism was so ingrained in Russia that the Russian Constitution ... to abolish absolutism and the only one to do it as late as in the 20th century the Ottoman Empire drafted ... of Absolutism. Frederick William I, Elector of Brandenburg Frederick William of Hohenzollern ... to raise taxes without its consent, a strong indicator of absolutism. Frederick William enjoyed ... theorized the right of rebellion and legitimized tyrannicide Neo absolutism Totalitarianism References ... more details
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