Image Cryptoendolith.jpg right thumb Endolith lifeform found inside an Antarctic rock An endolith is an organism archaeum , bacterium , fungus , lichen , alga or amoeboid amoeba that lives inside Rock geology rock , coral , animal shell s, or in the Porosity pore s between mineral grains of a rock. Many are extremophile s, living in places previously thought inhospitable to life. They are of particular interest to astrobiology astrobiologists , who theorize that endolithic environments on Mars and other planets constitute potential Refugium population biology refugia for extraterrestrial microbial communities. Citation needed date March 2011 Subdefinitions The term endolith , which defines an organism that colonizes the interior of any kind of rock, has been further classified into three subclasses ref http jsedres.sepmonline.org cgi content abstract 51 2 475 Stjepko Golubic, E.Imre Friedmann, and J rgen Schneider 1981 The lithobiotic ecological niche, with special reference to microorganisms. Journal of Sedimentary Research , Vol.51, No. 2, June pages 475 478 ref Chasmoendolith colonizes fissures and cracks in the rock chasm cleft br Cryptoendolith colonizes structural cavities within porous rocks, including spaces produced and vacated by euendoliths crypto hidden br Euendolith penetrates actively into the interior of rocks forming tunnels that conform with the shape of its body, rock boring organism eu good, true Environment Endoliths have been found in rock down to a depth of convert 3 km , though it is unknown if that is their limit due to the cost involved in digging so ... in the environment of the endolith, they have a very slow reproduction cycle. Early data suggests that some ... extreme endolith general.html Endoliths General Collection This collection of online resources such as news ... endoliths. http serc.carleton.edu microbelife extreme endolith advanced.html Endolith Advanced Collection Compiled for professionals and advanced learners, this endolith collection includes online resources ... more details
A denticle is a small tooth like structure. It may refer to Dermal denticle s or placoid scales, in cartilaginous fishes Pulp stone or endolith, a calcified mass in the center of a tooth Small structures on the surface of an insect disambig ... more details
E. Imre Friedmann 1921 June 11, 2007 was a biology biologist , Robert O. Lawton Distinguished Professor of Biology at Florida State University and the NASA Ames Research Center , and Director, Polar Desert Research Center. He studied endolith endolithic microbial communities and astrobiology . After escaping the Holocaust , Friedmann received his Ph.D. in botany from the University of Vienna , Austria in 1951, and he died on June 11, 2007. Friedmann made important discoveries of life in extreme environments, particularly endolith cryptoendolithic microbial communities that grow within rocks in deserts, including those of Antarctica and the Negev Desert in Israel . He was also interested in terraforming and wrote several articles about the possibility of terraforming Mars using microbes. In later years he was involved with investigations of martian meteorite ALH84001 , which was claimed to contain evidence for early microbial life on Mars. He was a Foreign Member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences , and a Concurrent Professor at the University of Nanjing , China External links http bio.fsu.edu friedm Friedmann s web site http www.bio.fsu.edu faculty friedmann.php Florida State University Memoriam http www.sciencemag.org cgi content abstract 215 4536 1045 Endolithic Microorganisms in the Antarctic Cold Desert http www.telegraph.co.uk news main.jhtml?view DETAILS&grid &xml news 2007 06 22 db2202.xml Obituary in Britain s Telegraph http www.economist.com obituary displaystory.cfm?story id 9401696 Obituary in The Economist cite journal doi 10.1089 ast.2007.0611 Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Friedmann, Imre ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1921 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 2007 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Friedmann, Imre Category Florida State University faculty Category 1921 births Category 2007 deaths Category American biologists ... more details
wiktionary slime slimey slimy Slime may refer to Gunge , a British colloquial name for a runny substance similar to paint, often featured in game shows Slime toy , a viscous, oozing green material made primarily from guar gum and sold in a plastic trash can Slime band , a German punk rock band, founded in 1979 and disbanded in 1994 SLIME , Superior Lisp Interaction Mode for Emacs , an Emacs mode for developing Common Lisp applications Biology Slime mold , a broad term often referring to roughly 6 groups of Eukaryotes Biofilm , an aggregate of microorganisms in which cells adhere to each other and or to a surface Algae Moss Slimy fish , also known as the Ponyfish Slime, another name for mucus , for example as used by gastropods for locomotion Endolith Slime SLiME Subsurface Lithotrophic Microbial Ecosystem , an organism that lives inside rock, coral, animal shells, or in the pores between mineral grains of a rock Characters Slimey the Worm , the pet and friend of Oscar the Grouch on Sesame Street Slime Dragon Quest , the mascot of the Dragon Quest console role playing game franchise Slimer , a green ghost made of slime from Ghostbusters See also Green slime disambiguation Blob disambiguation Oobleck disambiguation , a fictional form of green precipitation invented by children s author Dr. Seuss. disambig Category Fluid dynamics de Slime fr Slime nl Slijm ja zh ... more details
Xerophiles are extremophile extremophilic organism s that can cell growth grow and biological reproduction reproduce in conditions with a low availability of water, also known as water activity . Water activity a sub w sub is a measure of the amount of water within a Wiktionary substrate substrate that an organism can use to support sexual growth. Xerophiles are often said to be xerotolerant , meaning tolerant of dry conditions. They can survive in environments with water activity below 0.8. Endolith s and halophile s are often xerotolerant. The common food Food preservation Drying preservation method of reducing water activity water activities may not prevent the growth of xerophilic organisms, often resulting in food spoilage. Many mold and yeast species are xerophilic. Mold growth on bread is an example of food spoilage by xerophilic organisms. This naming comes from the Greek lang grc Latn xeros meaning dry, and lang grc Latn philos meaning loving. Examples Trichosporonoides nigrescens ref cite journal author Hocking AD coauthors Pitt JI. title Trichosporonoides nigrescens sp. nov., a new xerophilic yeast like fungus journal Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. year 1981 month December volume 47 issue 5 pages 411 21 pmid 7198892 doi 10.1007 BF00426003 ref Cactus Cacti are also a type of xerophile. Tardigrade s can survive for almost a decade without exposure to water. See also Xerophyte References Reflist Extremophile Category Ecological definitions Category Xerophiles microbiology stub ca Xer fila cs Xerofil de Xerophilie es Xer fila fr X rophile nl Xerofiel pt Xer filo ru uk ... more details
A lithoautotroph is a microbe which derives energy from redox reduced compounds of mineral origin. They may also be referred to as chemolithoautotrophs, a type of Lithotroph lithotrophs , reflecting their autotrophic metabolic pathways. Lithoautotrophs are exclusively microbes macrofauna do not possess the capability to utilize mineral sources of energy. For lithoautotrophic bacteria, only inorganic molecules can be used as energy sources. Most lithoautotrophs belong to the domain Bacteria . The term Lithotroph is created from the terms lithos rock and troph consumer literally, it may be read eaters of rock. Many lithoautotrophs are extremophiles , but this is not universally so. Geological processes Lithoautotrophs participate in many geological processes, such as the weathering of parent material bedrock to form soil , as well as biogeochemical cycling of sulfur , potassium , and other elements. They may be present in the deep terrestrial subsurface they have been found well over a 3km below the surface of the planet , in soils, and in endolith communities. As they are responsible for the liberation of many crucial nutrients, and participate in the pedogenesis formation of soil , lithoautotrophs play a crucial role in the maintenance of life on Earth. Acid mine drainage Lithoautotrophic microbial consortia are responsible for the phenomenon known as acid mine drainage , whereby energy rich pyrite present in mine tailing heaps and in exposed rock faces is metabolized to form sulfites , which form potentially toxic sulfuric acid when dissolved in water. Acid mine drainage drastically alters the acidity and chemistry of groundwater and stream s, and may endanger plant and animal populations. Activity similar to acid mine drainage, but on a much lower scale, is also found in natural conditions such as the rocky beds of glaciers , in soil and Scree talus , and in the deep subsurface. Lithoautotrophs are extremely specific in using their energy source. Thus, despite the ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Infobox Scientist name Tullis Onstott image image size caption birth date birth place residence New Jersey , United States nationality United States American field Geology work institutions Princeton University alma mater California Institute of Technology br Princeton University known for influences influenced awards footnotes Tullis Onstott is a professor of geosciences at Princeton University who has done research into endolith ic life deep under Earth s surface. In 2007, Onstott was listed among Time Magazine s 100 Most Influential People in The World. ref National Aeronautics and Space Administration. http astrobiology.nasa.gov articles nais tullis onstott makes time 100 NAI s Tullis Onstott makes Time 100 2007 05 03. ref Research Research projects include ref Tullis Onstott. http www.princeton.edu geosciences people onstott Princeton University Home Page Retrieved 2010 12 01. ref South African Deep Microbiology characterizing the microbiology and geochemistry of continental crust down to 5 km. Indiana Princeton Tennessee Astrobiology Institute preparing for the search for life beneath the surface of Mars. Natural Earthquake Laboratory in South African Mines installed a field laboratory at 3.8 km depth, exploring the relationship between seismic activity and microbial diversity and activity. Anaerobic Biostimulation for the In Situ Precipitation and Long Term Sequestration of Metal Sulfides. References nowiki See http en.wikipedia.org wiki Wikipedia Footnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the ref and ref tags. nowiki reflist External links http www.time.com time specials 2007 time100 article 0,28804,1595326 1595329 1615985,00.html Tullis Onstott The Time 100 http geoweb.princeton.edu people onstott index.html Onstott s Princeton home page Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Onstott, Tullis ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1955 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSO ... more details
subsurface they have been found well over 3 km below the surface of the planet , in soils, and in endolith ..., on stone monuments and buildings and in the deep subsurface. See also Organotroph Endolith References ... more details
Endolith , a term that also includes organisms populating fissures, aquifers, and faults filled with groundwater ... may have regions in its deep subsurface permafrost that could harbor endolith communities. Citation ... more details
& Deep Sea Biomes Major Habitat Types Endolith ic Biome Example Biosphere Ecozone Palearctic ecozone ... Villages Croplands Rangelands Forested Other biomes The Endolith ic biome, consisting entirely ... more details
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