The Cork also known as T1 or EC encoding is a character encoding . It is named after the city of Cork city Cork in Ireland , where during a TeX Users Group TUG conference, a new encoding ref Citation last Ferguson first Michael title Report on Multilingual Activities journal TUGboat volume Volume 11 issue Issue 4 pages 514 516 year 1990 url https www.tug.org TUGboat Articles tb11 4 tb30ferguson.pdf ref was introduced for LaTeX . It contains 256 characters supporting west and east European languages with the Latin alphabet . It is the default encoding in many TeX installations. References reflist External links http www.tug.org fontname ec.enc Encoding file http www.tex.ac.uk tex archive macros latex doc encguide.pdf Overview of encodings in LaTeX digital typography stub character encoding Category Character encoding Category Character sets Category TeX de Cork Kodierung ... more details
Notability date March 2010 MPEG encoding is the process of Video capture capturing digitizing or converting re encoder encoding video and or Sound recording and reproduction audio to one of several MPEG video and or audio standards for distribution Internet , LAN or for archiving to optical disc CD , DVD . MPEG encoding can be done purely in software , or by using an MPEG capture card or a video editing card with in built MPEG encoding capabilities, or via a dedicated hardware encoder like those built into DVD Video recorders. Further Moving Picture Experts Group Overview Moving Picture Experts Group External links Category Film and video technology Multimedia software stub ... more details
Mergeto Modified Frequency Modulation date October 2008 In telecommunication s, delay encoding is the encoding of binary numeral system binary data to form a two level Signalling telecommunication signal such that a a 0 causes no change of signal level unless it is followed by another 0 in which case a transition to the other level takes place at the end of the first bit period and b a 1 causes a transition from one level to the other in the middle of the bit period. Propagation delay Delay encoding is used primarily for encoding radio signals because the frequency spectrum of the encoded signal contains less low frequency energy than a conventional non return to zero NRZ signal and less high frequency energy than a biphase signal. Delay encoding is an encoding using only half the bandwidth as biphase mark code biphase encoding but has all the advantages of biphase encoding To be rewritten It is guaranteed to have transitions every other bit, meaning that decoding systems can adjust their clock DC threshold continuously . One drawback is human readability e.g. on an oscilloscope . Delay encoding is also known as Miller encoding apparently named after John Milton Miller . Some RFID cards, in particular EPC UHF Gen 2 RFID cards, use a variant called Miller sub carrier coding . ref http rfidusa.com superstore pdf UHF System Overview.pdf UHF Gen 2 System Overview , p. 19. March, 2005 ref Such cards include the CharlieCard . In this system, 2, 4 or 8 cycles of a subcarrier square wave are transmitted for each bit time. The Miller encoding transitions are indicated by 180 phase shifts in the subcarrier, i.e. the subcarrier pauses for 1 2 of a cycle at each transition. The resultant binary subcarrier is itself either Amplitude shift keying ASK or Phase shift keying PSK modulated on another carrier. References references FS1037C Bit encoding Category Encodings Category Line codes de Digitale Frequenzmodulation fr Codage Miller ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 In computing, JIS encoding refers to several Japanese Industrial Standard s for character encodingencoding the Japanese language . Strictly speaking, the term means either A set of standard character sets for Japanese, notably JIS X 0201 , the Japanese version of ISO 646 ASCII containing the base 7 bit ASCII characters with some modifications and 64 half width katakana characters. JIS X 0208 , the most common kanji character set containing 6,879 kanji JIS X 0212 , a character set containing 6,067 characters JIS X 0213 , which extends JIS X 0208 JIS X 0202 also known as ISO 2022 JP , a set of encoding mechanisms for sending JIS data over transmission mediums that only support 7 bit data. In practice, JIS encoding usually refers to JIS X 0208 data encoded with JIS X 0202. There is also the Shift JIS encoding, which adds the kanji, full width hiragana and full width katakana from JIS X 0208 in a compatible way to JIS X 0201. Shift JIS is perhaps the most widely used encoding in Japan, as the compatibility with the single byte JIS X 0201 character set made it possible for electronic equipment manufacturers such as cash register manufacturers to offer an upgrade from older cheaper equipment that was not capable of displaying kanji to newer equipment while retaining character set compatibility. The main alternatives to JIS encoding are Extended Unix Code EUC used on Unix UNIX systems where the JIS encodings are incompatible with POSIX standards and more recently Unicode , particularly in the form of UTF 8 . See also Japanese language and computers Character encoding DEFAULTSORT Jis Encoding Category Character sets ... more details
Dvorak encoding is a type of code encoding based on the differences in layout of a QWERTY QWERTY keyboard and a Dvorak keyboard . There are two main variations One is achieved by typing in the Dvorak layout on a QWERTY keyboard, and the other is similarly achieved by typing in the QWERTY layout on a Dvorak keyboard. This effectively makes Dvorak encoding into a monoalphabetic substitution cipher like ROT13 and the Caesar Cipher , since each one character translates to one other character in a consistent pattern. Several layers of Dvorak encoding may be added on top of each other for a variance of the translation table , which adds an obfuscating effect. The one where the Dvorak layout is used on a QWERTY keyboard can be added to the one where a QWERTY layout is used on a Dvorak keyboard, since they are not each other s opposites in terms of decoding. When decoding, the correct order of the severally applied translation tables must happen in the correct order. Dvorak encoding, like other monoalphabetic encryption ciphers, is a very simple encoding and may provide a weak level of security. It may be useful in combination with other encodings. The security involved is in no way comparable to modern encryption algorithm s which advocate security, and the advantages with this encoding can as such be summarised to encompass Dvorak encoding is an unavoidable consequence of typing on a non ... t require a purchase of a special Dvorak keyboard. Dvorak encoding can be typed real time by anyone proficient with the Dvorak keyboard layout, allowing for very fast encoding by hand. Dvorak encoding ..., the original cryptographic weakness of the encoding applies. Variations in the use of left and right ... in this respect, the left hand Dvorak encoding changes the most keys. Notably, the tt a tt and tt ... computer. References cite web author Keyser, Andrew year 2006 title Dvorak Encoding work Dvorak Encoding A Simple Encoding Mechanism url http turbogfx.homelinux.org dvorak encoding accessdate ... more details
RACE encoding is a method for encoding foreign languages that use non English characters Chinese, Japanese, etc. in ASCII characters for storage in domain name system servers. ref name main http tools.ietf.org html draft ietf idn race 03 Row based ASCII Compatible Encoding for IDN ref All names without non English characters are unchanged. RACE codes are made up of digits, letters and dashes. ref http www.pcmag.com encyclopedia term 0 2C2542 2Ct 3DRACE encoding&i 3D50122 2C00.asp Definition of RACE encoding by http www.pcmag.com encyclopedia PC Mag Encyclopedia ref RACE encoding is part of the larger scheme of the Universal Character Set specifically the ISO IEC 10646. The assignment of characters also coincides with Unicode . ref name main Nomenclature RACE is an acronym for its main purpose. R stands for Row based A for ASCII C for Compatible E Encoding References Reflist External links http www.acmqueue.com modules.php?name Content&pa showpage&pid 481 Acmqueue.com , DNS Complexity, Paul Vixie , Association for Computing Machinery ACM Queue http www.circleid.com topics dns CircleID Open news and opinion hub for all DNS related topics Category Domain name system www stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date February 2009 Cultural encoding is a process in which a website or related node is encoded with the language , symbols, or representative styles of particular culture or subculture . Encoding refers to the digital processes that make the representative culture of the site self evident. For example, interpunk.com uses punk iconography including a mohawk hairstyle mohawk icon , font s, and a do it yourself interface for selling music that cleary establishes the Punk subculture punk identity of the site. DEFAULTSORT Cultural Encoding Culture stub Socio stub Category Internet advertising and promotion ... more details
Image Ami encoding.svg thumb right 360px An example of Bipolar encoding, or AMI. In telecommunication , bipolar encoding is a type of line code a method of encoding digital information to make it resistant to certain forms of signal loss during transmission . A duobinary signal is such an encoding. Advantages A binary 0 is encoded as zero volts as in unipolar encoding . A binary 1 is encoded alternately as a positive voltage and a negative voltage. This prevents a significant build up of Direct current DC , as the positive and negative pulses average to zero volts. Little or no DC component is considered an advantage because the cable may then be used for longer distances and to carry power for intermediate equipment such as line repeater s. ref name digitallink http www.stromcarlson.com docs basics t1svcfund.pdf T1 Fundamentals , Revision 1.0, dated 23 January 1997, by Digital Link, retrieved on 25 January 2007 ref The DC component can be easily and cheaply removed before the signal reaches the decoding circuitry. Bipolar encoding is preferable to non return to zero where signal transitions ... encoding is an often good compromise runs of ones will not cause a lack of transitions, however ... of synchronization. Where frequent transitions are a requirement, a self clocking encoding ... benefit of bipolar encoding compared to unipolar is error detection . In the T carrier example, the bipolar ... encoding schemes main Modified AMI code For data channels, in order to avoid the need of always setting bit 8 to 1, as described above, other T1 encoding schemes Modified AMI code s ensure regular transitions ... used in Europe and Japan . A very similar encoding scheme, with the logical positions reversed, is also used and is often referred to as pseudoternary encoding . This encoding is otherwise identical. See also commonscat Alternate mark inversion AMI code MLT 3 encoding polar encoding References reflist Bit encoding Category Encodings Category Line codes bn de AMI Code es Alternate ... more details
Incremental encoding , also known as front compression , back compression , or front coding , is a type of delta encoding compression algorithm whereby common Prefix linguistics prefix es or Affix suffixes and their lengths are recorded so that they need not be duplicated. This algorithm is particularly well suited for compressing sorting sorted data Uses of data in computing data , e.g., a list of word s from a dictionary . For example align center border 1 cellspacing 0 cellpadding 3 Input Common prefix Compressed output pre myxa myxophyta myxopod nab nabbed nabbing nabit nabk nabob nacarat nacelle pre pre no preceding word myx myxop no common prefix nab nabb nab nab nab na nac pre pre 0 myxa 3 ophyta 5 od 0 nab 3 bed 4 ing 3 it 3 k 3 ob 2 carat 3 elle pre align right 64 bytes align left 46 bytes The encoding used to store the common prefix length itself varies from application to application. Typical techniques are storing the value as a single byte delta encoding , which store only the change in the common prefix length and various Universal code data compression universal codes . It may be combined with other general lossless data compression techniques such as entropy encoding and dictionary coder s to compress the remaining suffixes. Applications Incremental encoding is widely used in information retrieval to compress the lexicons used in Index search engine search indexes these list all the words found in all the documents and a pointer for each one to a list of locations. Typically, it compresses these indexes by about 40 . ref Ian H. Witten, Alistair Moffat, Timothy C. Bell. Managing Gigabytes. Second edition. Academic Press. ISBN 1 55860 5703. Section 4.1 Accessing the lexicon, subsection Front coding, pp.159&ndash 161. ref As one example, incremental encoding is used as a starting point by the GNU locate utility, in an index of filenames and directories. The GNU locate utility further uses bigram encoding to further shorten popular filepath prefixes. References ... more details
encoding . The encoding and scrambling are normally done entirely in hardware, the scrambling using a linear feedback shift register . Upper layers of the software stack should be unaware that this encoding ... application notes xapp775.pdf A reference design by Xilinx on 64b 66b encoding and scrambling http www.xilinx.com products ipcenter aurora64b66b.htm Aurora 64B66B IP core using 64b 66b encoding Bit encoding DEFAULTSORT 64b 66b Encoding Category Encodings Category Line codes Category Telecommunications ... more details
characters . A character encoding system consists of a code that pairs each character computing character ... text in computer s. Other terms like character encoding , character set charset , and sometimes ... encoding systems include Morse code , the Baudot code , the American Standard Code for Information .... ASCII was introduced in 1963 and is a 7 bit encoding scheme used to encode letters, numerals, symbols ... Decimal Interchange Code usually abbreviated EBCDIC is an 8 bit encoding scheme developed in 1963. The limitations ... and demanded a systematic approach to character encoding rather than the previous ad hoc approaches ... code Hans Schjellerup , 1869, modified 1872 and following Encoding of Chinese characters as 4 digit ... VISCII JIS X 0208 is a widely deployed standard for Japanese character encoding that has several encoding forms. Shift JIS Microsoft Code page 932 is a dialect of Shift JIS Extended Unix Code ... page 950 Hong Kong HKSCS Korean KS X 1001 is a Korean double byte character encoding standard Extended ... bit Basic Multilingual Plane . See UTF 8 ANSEL or ISO IEC 6937 Character encoding translation As a result of having many character encoding methods in use and the need for backward compatibility with archived data , many computer programs have been developed to translate data between encoding schemes ... character encoding detection. On Firefox 3, for example, see the View Character Encoding submenu ... mgoerz blog programs convert encoding Homepage of Michael Goerz convert encoding.py Bot generated title ref decodeh.py algorithm and module to heuristically guess the encoding of a string. ref http ... automatic encoding detection code into the Python computer language. The newer versions of the unix File command File command attempt to do a basic detection of character encoding. also available on cygwin and mac Linux recode convert file contents from one encoding to another ref http www.gnu.org ... utrac convert file contents from one encoding to another. ref http utrac.sourceforge.net Utrac Homepage ... more details
. Encoding allows the perceived item of use or interest to be converted into a construct that can ... are the most intensively used. Other encodings are also used. Visual encoding Visual encoding is the process of encoding images and visual sensory information. Visual sensory information is temporarily ... is a complex structure that has an important role in visual encoding. It accepts visual input in addition ... 865 870. ref Acoustic encoding Acoustic encoding is the processing and encoding of sound, words, and all ... they participate in a more fundamental role in encoding and preservation. ref name Acheson Other senses Tactile encoding is the processing and encoding of how something feels, normally through ... lead to encode. In general encoding for short term storage STS in the brain relies primarily on acoustic rather than semantic encoding. Semantic encoding Semantic encoding is the processing and encoding ... can be applied such as chunking and mnemonics to aid in encoding, and in some cases, allow deep processing, and optimizing retrieval. Words studied in semantic or deep encoding conditions are better recalled as compared to both easy and hard groupings of nonsemantic or shallow encoding conditions with response ..., GH., Vaidya, CJ., & Wagner, AD. Semantic encoding and retrieval in the left inferior prefrontal ... showed significantly more activation during semantic encoding conditions compared to nonsemantic encoding conditions regardless of the difficulty of the nonsemantic encoding task presented. The same area showing increased activation during initial semantic encoding will also display decreasing activation with repetitive semantic encoding of the same words. This suggests the decrease in activation ... they are nonsemantically reprocessed. ref name Demb Long term potentiation Encoding is a biological ... and recalled later remains unknown. ref name mohs Encoding is achieved using a combination of chemicals ... of hippocampal activation during episodic encoding and retrival. Activation in the hippocampal ... more details
Distinguish Elias delta coding Delta encoding is a way of storing or transmitting data in the form of difference s between sequential data rather than complete files more generally this is known as data differencing . Delta encoding is sometimes called delta compression , particularly where archival histories of changes are required e.g., in software project s . The differences are recorded in discrete files called deltas or diffs , after the Unix file comparison utility, diff . Because changes are often ... table delta encoding greatly reduces data redundancy. Collections of unique deltas are substantially ... File Format IFF 8SVX sound format applies this encoding to raw sound data before applying compression ... when delta encoded, and the usability of delta encoding is even smaller for 16 bit and better samples ... the correspondence to transaction log s in databases . Variants A variation of delta encoding which ... of string computer science strings is called incremental encoding . It is particularly effective ... Courgette The Chromium Projects ref Delta encoding performs best when data has small or constant ... form of delta encoding and decoding Yes, it is possible to write smaller faster functions but these are given ... i for i 0 i length i buffer i delta delta buffer i source Examples Delta encoding in HTTP Another instance of use of delta encoding is RFC 3229, Delta encoding in HTTP , which proposes that HTTP servers ... rewritten repeatedly quote p This document describes how delta encoding can be supported as a compatible ... file . VCDIFF main VCDIFF One general format for delta encoding is VCDIFF, described in RFC 3284 ... delta encoding. It is submitted to W3C in 1997. ref http www.w3.org TR NOTE gdiff 19970901 Generic ... correction problem Source Code Control System References reflist External links RFC 3229 Delta Encoding in HTTP Compression methods Revision control software DEFAULTSORT Delta Encoding Category Lossless ... Kodierung es Delta encoding it Codifica delta ja ru zh ... more details
Unreferenced date May 2008 Unipolar enco is a line code . A positive voltage represents a Binary logic binary 1, and zero volts indicates a binary 0. It is the simplest line code, directly encoding the bitstream, and is analogous to on off keying in modulation. Its drawbacks are that it is not self clocking signal self clocking and it has a significant DC component , which can be halved by using return to zero , where the signal returns to zero in the middle of the bit period. With a 50 duty cycle each rectangular pulse is only at a positive voltage for half of the bit period. This is ideal if one symbol is sent much more often than the other and power considerations are necessary, and also makes the signal self clocking. Traditionally, a unipolar scheme was designed as a non return to zero scheme, in which the positive voltage defines bit 1 and the zero voltage defines bit 0. It is called NRZ because the signal does not return to zero at the middle of the bit. Compared with its polar counterpart, Polar NRZ, this scheme is very expensive. The normalized power power required to send 1 bit per unit line resistance is double that for polar NRZ. For this reason, this scheme is not normally used in data communications today. See also Bipolar encoding Bipolar violation On off keying Bit encoding In a unipolor encoding, all signal levels are on one side of the axis, either above or below. NRZ Non Return Zero Traditionally, a unipolor coding was designed as a non return zero NRZ coding in which the positive voltage defines bit 1 and the zero voltage defines bit 0. It is called NRZ because the signal does not return to zero at the middle of the bit. Compared with the counterpart, this coding is very costly. Hence, this scheme is normally not used in data communications today. Category Encodings Category Line codes ... more details
Image MLT3encoding.svg thumb right 360px Example of MLT 3 Encoding. Light colored lines indicate two previous states. MLT 3 encoding Multi Level Transmit is a line code a signaling method used in a telecommunication system for transmission purposes that uses three voltage levels. An MLT 3 interface emits less electromagnetic interference and requires less Bandwidth signal processing bandwidth than most other Boolean logic binary or Ternary logic ternary interfaces that operate at the same bit rate see PCM for discussion on bandwidth Quantization signal processing quantization tradeoffs , such as Manchester code or Bipolar encoding Alternate Mark Inversion . MLT 3 cycles sequentially through the voltage levels 1, 0, 1, and 0. It moves to the next state to transmit a 1 bit, and stays in the same state to transmit a 0 bit. Similar to simple Non return to zero NRZ encoding, MLT 3 has a coding efficiency of 1 bit baud, however it requires four transitions baud to complete a full cycle from low to middle, middle to high, high to middle, middle to low . Thus, the maximum fundamental frequency is reduced to one fourth of the baud rate. This makes signal transmission more amenable to copper wires. MLT 3 was first introduced by Crescendo Communications ref http books.google.com books?id gRAEAAAAMBAJ&pg PA19&lpg PA19&dq crescendo proposal copper FDDI&source bl&ots m17XcZVyVw&sig IrlyTroiHJaeJQ4ysTQmqv0Dch8&hl en&ei oRghTLa2LsOgnQes1IV7&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 1&ved 0CBIQ6AEwAA v onepage&q crescendo 20proposal 20copper 20FDDI&f false , Network World, June 29, 1992, page 19 ref as a coding scheme for FDDI copper interconnect TP PMD, ref name x3t12 cite journal author American National Standards Institute year 1994 title FDDI twisted pair physical layer medium dependent TP PMD journal American National Standard X3T12 incorporates X3.263 initial implementation also see patent ... Line codes Bit encoding telecomm stub de MLT 3 Code it MLT 3 ... more details
For the language, see Volap k . Volapuk encoding Russian language Russian , kodirovka volapyuk or latinitsa is a slang term for rendering the letters of the Cyrillic alphabet with Latin alphabet Latin ones. Unlike Translit in which characters are replaced to sound the same , in volapuk characters can be replaced to look or sound the same . Etymology The name Volapuk encoding comes from the Volap k constructed language , for two reasons. Cyrillic text written in this way looks strange and often funny, just as a Volap k language text may appear. At the same time, the word Volap k Volapyuk Volyapyuk in Russian itself Inherently funny word sounds funny to Russian ears, so the name stuck. History Volapuk and Translit have been in use since the early days of the Internet to write e mail messages and other texts in Russian where the support of Cyrillic fonts was limited either the sender did not have a keyboard with Cyrillic letters or the receiver did not necessarily have Cyrillic screen fonts. In the early days, the situation was aggravated by a number of mutually incompatible computer encodings for the Cyrillic alphabet, so that the sender and receiver were not guaranteed to have the same one. Also, the 7 bit character character encodingencoding of the early days was an additional hindrance. Some Russian e mail providers even included Volapuk encoding in the list of available options for the e mails routed abroad, e.g., MIME BASE64, MIME Quoted Printable, volapuk , uuencode ref name butik http www.botik.ru novolapuk.koi8.html A note of cancellation of automatic volapuk encoding 1997 ru icon ref By the late 90s, the encoding problem had been almost completely resolved, due to increasing support from software manufacturers and Internet service providers. ref name butik Volapuk still maintains a level of use for SMS text messages, because ..., the result may resemble leet speak. Encoding depends on the language as well. For example, Ukraine ... more details
Mergefrom Fibre Channel 8B 10B encoding date June 2009 In telecommunication s, 8b 10b is a line code that maps 8 bit Symbol data symbol s to 10 bit symbols to achieve DC bias DC balance and bounded disparity ... of the Commodore 2040 introduced in 1979. 8b 10b encoding is normally done entirely in link layer hardware. 8b 10b encoding is an 8 bit clean and transparency telecommunication transparent encoding, so upper layers of the software stack should be unaware that this encoding is being used. How ... to as D.x.y where x ranges over 0 31 and y over 0 7. Standards using the 8b 10b encoding also define .... Because 8b 10b encoding uses 10 bit symbols to encode 8 bit words, some of the possible 1024 10 bit ... twisted pair or optical receivers using automatic gain control. Encoding tables Note that in the following ... by the choice of encoding for following symbols. Each 6 or 4 bit code word has either equal numbers ... running disparity of the signal, the encoding engine selects which of the two possible 6 or 4 ... D.x.A7 encoding must be selected in order to avoid a run of five consecutive 0s or 1s when combined ... encoding for the K.x.y codes with disparity 0 allow for K.28.1, K.28.5, and K.28.7 to be comma ... in the data stream. Example encoding of D31.1 class wikitable style text align center D31.1 for both ... 8b 10b encoding finds application are PCI Express prior to v3.0 IEEE 1394b Serial ATA Serial Attached ... Public Radio Interface CPRI USB 3.0 . Digital audio The encoding has found a heavy use in digital audio ... PMD interfaces, 64b 66b encoding is used. This scheme is considerably different in design to 8b 10b encoding, but was created with similar considerations of DC balance, maximum run length, transition density and electromagnetic emission minimization. Note that 8b 10b is the encoding scheme, not a specific ... bits, but it uses a completely different method to do so. Notes reflist Bit encoding DEFAULTSORT 8b 10b Encoding Category Telecommunications standards Category Line codes de 8b10b Code el ... more details
A semantics encoding is a translation between formal language s. For programmers, the most familiar form of encoding is the compilation of a programming language into machine code or byte code. Conversion between document formats are also forms of encoding. Compilation of TeX or LaTeX documents to PostScript are also commonly encountered encoding processes. Some high level preprocessors such as Objective Caml s Camlp4 or Apple Computer s WorldScript also involve encoding of a programming language into another. Formally, an encoding of a language A into language B is a mapping of all terms of A into B. If there is a satisfactory encoding of A into B, B is considered at least as powerful or at least as expressive as A. Properties An informal notion of translation is not sufficient to help determine expressivity of languages, as it permits trivial encodings such as mapping all elements of A to the same element of B. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the definition of a good enough encoding. This notion varies with the application. Commonly, an encoding math cdot A longrightarrow B math is expected to preserve a number of properties. Preservation of compositions soundness For every n ary operator math op A math of A, there exists an n ary operator math op B math of B such that math forall T A 1,T A 2, dots,T A n, op A T A 1,T A 2, cdots,T A n op B T A 1 , T A 2 , cdots, T A n math completeness For every n ary operator math op A math of A, there exists an n ary operator math op B math of B such that math forall T B 1,T B 2, dots,T B n, exists T A 1, dots,T A n, op B T B 1, cdots,T B N op A T A 1,T A 2, cdots,T A n math Note as far as the author is aware of, this criterion of completeness is never used. Preservation of compositions is useful insofar as it guarantees that components ... is added by the encoding. In particular, in the case of compilation of a programming language ... Bisimulation Compiler Semantics Semantic dictionary encoding SDE External links http catamaran.labs.cs.uu.nl ... more details
selfref For the urlencode in MediaWiki, see mw Help Magic words URL data Help Magic words . Percent encoding , also known as URL encoding , is a mechanism for code encoding information in a Uniform Resource Identifier URI under certain circumstances. Although it is known as URL encoding it is, in fact ... of HTML form data in HTTP requests. Percent encoding in a URI Types of URI characters The characters allowed in a URI are either reserved or unreserved or a percent character as part of a percent encoding ... characters have no such meanings. Using percent encoding, reserved characters are represented ... code tilde code colspan 13 empty No other characters are allowed in a URI. Percent encoding reserved ... for some other purpose, then the character must be percent encoded . Percent encoding a reserved character ... characters after percent encoding code exclamation mark code code asterisk nowiki nowiki code code .... Percent encoding unreserved characters Characters from the unreserved set never need to be percent ... are discouraged from percent encoding unreserved characters. Percent encoding arbitrary data Most URI ... data The procedure for percent encoding binary data has often been extrapolated, sometimes inappropriately ... , and other non ASCII compatible encodings as the basis for percent encoding, leading to ambiguities ... character encoding before being represented in a URI by unreserved characters or percent encoded bytes. If the scheme does not allow the URI to provide a hint as to what encoding was used, or if the encoding ..., then the URI cannot be reliably interpreted. Some schemes fail to account for encoding at all, and instead ... background color FFFFFF Common characters after percent encoding ASCII or UTF 8 based code angle ... There exists a non standard encoding for Unicode characters code u xxxx code , where xxxx is a Unicode .... ref The encoding used by default is based on a very early version of the general URI percent encoding ..., and how it has been implemented in web browsers for submitting HTML form data using the encoding ... more details
Unreferenced date May 2010 The Kamenick encoding Czech k dov n Kamenick ch , named for the brothers Ji and Marian Kamenick , was a code page for personal computer s running MS DOS , very popular in Czechoslovakia since 1993, the Czech Republic and Slovakia around 1985 1995. Another name for this encoding is KEYBCS2 , the name of the Terminate and Stay Resident utility which implemented the matching Keyboard computing keyboard device driver driver . It was actually a Code page 437 encoding with accented characters for Western European languages where the characters from codepoints 128 to 171 were replaced by Czech alphabet Czech and Slovak alphabet Slovak characters chosen so that the glyph s of the replacement characters resembled those of the original as closely as possible, e. g. in the place of . This ensured that text in the Kamenick encoding was barely readable even on older or cheap computers with the original fonts which were often in videocard Read only memory ROM , making modification difficult, if not impossible . A supplemental feature was that the block graphic characters of code page 437 remained unchanged IBM s official Central European code page 852 did not have this property, making programs like Norton Commander look funny with corners and joints of border lines broken by accented letters . The widespread use of the Kamenick encoding was undermined neither by IBM s code page 852, nor by the Windows 3.1x Windows 3.1 introducing Microsoft Central Europe Windows 1250 code page 1250 . Only with Windows 95 and the spreading deployment of Microsoft Office did users begin to use code page 1250, which in turn is now obsoleted by Unicode . The Kamenick encoding ... encoding http www 03.ibm.com servers eserver iseries software globalization codepages.html and the Internet ... 221A chset cell 207F chset cell B2 chset cell 25A0 chset cell A0 See also Mazovia encoding similar codepage for Polish Character encoding DEFAULTSORT Kamenicky Encoding Category DOS code pages cs K d ... more details
In information theory an entropy encoding is a lossless data compression scheme that is independent of the specific characteristics of the medium. One of the main types of entropy coding creates and assigns a unique prefix free code to each unique symbol that occurs in the input. These entropy information theory entropy encoders then compress data by replacing each fixed length input symbol by the corresponding variable length prefix free output codeword. The length of each codeword is approximately Proportionality mathematics proportional to the negative logarithm of the probability . Therefore, the most common symbols use the shortest codes. According to Claude Shannon Shannon s source coding theorem , the optimal code length for a symbol is &minus log sub b sub P , where b is the number of symbols used to make output codes and P is the probability of the input symbol. Two of the most common entropy encoding techniques are Huffman coding and arithmetic coding . If the approximate entropy characteristics of a data stream are known in advance especially for signal compression , a simpler static code may be useful. These static codes include Universal code data compression universal codes such as Elias gamma coding or Fibonacci coding and Golomb coding Golomb codes such as unary coding or Rice coding . Entropy as a measure of similarity Besides using entropy encoding as a way to compress digital data, an entropy encoder can also be used to measure the amount of similarity between streams of data. This is done by generating an entropy coder compressor for each class of data unknown data is then classified by feeding the uncompressed data to each compressor and seeing which compressor yields the highest compression. The coder with the best compression is probably the coder trained on the data that was most similar to the unknown data. External links http www.inference.phy.cam.ac.uk mackay itila book.html On line textbook Information Theory, Inference, and Learning Algorithms ... more details
Range encoding is a data compression method defined by G. Nigel N. Martin in a 1979 paper ref name compressconsult http www.compressconsult.com rangecoder download G. Nigel N. Martin, Range Encoder Range encoding An algorithm for removing redundancy from a digitized message , Video & Data Recording Conference, Southampton , UK, July 24 27, 1979. ref Range encoding is a form of arithmetic coding that was historically of interest for avoiding some Software patent patent s on particular later developed arithmetic coding techniques although the patents on various well known arithmetic coding methods have since expired . Encoders that are referred to as range encoders typically use a particular kind of implementation based closely on Martin s paper, because such implementations ... 1978 Now expired ref range encoding appeared to clearly be free of patent encumbrances. This particularly ... other arithmetic coding techniques have also expired. How range encoding works File Range encoding.jpg thumb right Graphical representation of the encoding process. The message being encoded here is AABA EOM Range encoding conceptually encodes all the symbols of the message into one number ... together. Thus range encoding can achieve greater compression ratios than the one bit per symbol upper bound on Huffman encoding and it does not suffer the inefficiencies that Huffman does when dealing ... encoding is this given a large enough range of integer s, and a probability estimation for the symbols ... after encoding just three symbols, we already knew that our final result would start with 2 ... is the same as range encoding, but with the integers taken as being the numerators of Fraction ... corresponding range encoder, and vice versa. In other words, arithmetic coding and range encoding ... than one bit at a time as is usually the case . In other words, range encoders tend to use bytes as encoding ... of Range Encoder by Andrew Polar Compression Methods DEFAULTSORT Range Encoding Category Lossless ... more details
TRON is a multi byte character encoding used in the TRON Project . It is similar to Unicode but does not use Unicode s Han unification process each character from each CJK character set is encoded separately, including archaic and historical equivalents of modern characters. This means that Chinese, Japanese, and Korean text can be mixed without any ambiguity as to the exact form of the characters however, it also means that many characters with equivalent semantics will be encoded more than once, complicating some operations. TRON has room for 1.5 million code points. Separate code points for Chinese, Korean, and Japanese variants of the 70,000 Han characters in Unicode 4.1 if that were deemed necessary would require more than 200,000 code points in TRON. Commonscat TRON Code See also TRON Project BTRON ITRON External links http www.personal media.co.jp tron developer doc btron3 shared data tron code.html TRON Tron code system in BTRON specification document http www2.tron.org TRON Tron character collection center http www.chokanji.com Operating system with BTRON standard http www.l.u tokyo.ac.jp KanjiWEB 00 cover.html GT Tron GT Mincho font http www.ertl.jp ITRON home e.html ITRON Project Archive character encoding Category Character sets Compu stub ja TRON ... more details
boundaries because it must straddle the inter symbol boundary. See also 8b 10b encoding , another fixed table system with a higher code rate but less error detection. 64b 66b encoding , linear feedback ... 6876315.html DC balanced 6B 8B transmission code with local parity . Bit encoding DEFAULTSORT 6b 8b Encoding Category Line codes electronics stub ... more details
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