otheruses Economics sidebar An economy consists of the economic system of a country or other area, the Wage ... of that area. A given economy is the end result of a process that involves its technological evolution ... in which an economy functions. Today the range of fields of study examining the economy include social ... activities, contribute to the economy. Consumption economics Consumption , saving money saving , and investment are core variable components in the economy and determine market equilibrium. There are three main sectors of economic activity Primary sector of the economy primary , Secondary sector of the economy secondary , and Tertiary sector of the economy tertiary . Etymology The English language English words economy and economics can be traced back to the Greek language Greek words ... of the word economy , found in a work possibly composed in 1440, is the management of economic affairs , in this case, of a monastery. Economy is later recorded in more general senses including thrift ... browse economy Dictionary.com , economy. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language ... has been making and distributing goods or services, there has been some sort of economy economies grew larger as societies grew and became more complex. Sumer developed a large scale economy based ... Reverse INA and dolphin. The oldest turtle coin dates 700 BC The ancient economy was mainly based ... Greece , where the present English word economy originated, many people were bond slaves of the Freeholder ... between the people involved in trade . For most of the time in history economy therefore stood ... we now call economy was not far from the subsistence level. Most exchange occurred within social groups ... economy. The first Company enterprises were trading establishments. In 1513 the first stock exchange was founded in Antwerpen . Economy at the time meant primarily trade Early modern times The European ... custom duties and taxes in order to protect their national economy. The so called mercantilism from ... more details
The Economy of Yugoslavia may refer to Economy of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 1943 1992 Economy of Serbia and Montenegro 1992 2003 disambig ... more details
The economy of China may also include or exclude, depending on context or point of view The Economy of the People s Republic of China mainland China The Economy of Taiwan Economy of the Republic of China Taiwan For the Economic history of China , see Economic history of China pre 1911 Economic history of Modern China Economy of the Han Dynasty Economy of the Song Dynasty Economy of the Ming Dynasty See also The Economy of Hong Kong The Economy of Macau disambig Category Economies by region China he ... more details
Economy of Korea may refer to Economy of South Korea Economy of North Korea Asia in topic Economy of disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Wiktionarypar economyEconomy is the human activity that consists in producing, exchanging, distributing, and consuming goods and services, studied by economics and realised inside an economic system. Economy may also refer to The quality of being efficient or frugal in using resources see energy conservation World economy , the economy of the world Virtual economy , an economy simulated in a virtual world Economy Eastern Christianity , a bishop s discretionary power to relax rules Economy Thoreau , a chapter from Walden , by Henry David Thoreau Economy class , a class of seating in airline travel The envisaged future low carbon economy Jazz ist anders Economy , Economy version of Die rzte s album Jazz ist anders The economy of Salvation is that part of divine revelation that deals with God s creation and management of the world, particularly His plan for salvation accomplished through the Church Places Economy, Indiana , United States Economy, Pennsylvania , United States Old Economy Village , Pennsylvania, United States Economy, Nova Scotia , an unincorporated community in Maritime Canada disambig de konomie Begriffskl rung fr conomie homonymie it Economy nl Economy pl Economy pt Economy ru sq Ekonomia kthjellim uk vo Economy ... more details
Economy of America or American Economy may refer to Economy of North America , comprises the economies of all sovereign countries geographically located in North America , Central America , and the Caribbean . Economy of South America , comprises the economies of all sovereign countries geographically located in South America . It may also refer to Economy of the United States disambig ... more details
Hydrocarbon economy is a term stressing that in the current world economy the world energy resources and consumption energy used mostly comes from three hydrocarbon s petroleum , coal , and natural gas . Hydrocarbon economy is often used when talking about possible alternatives like the hydrogen economy . ref http scholar.google.com scholar?q 22hydrocarbon economy 22&hl en&lr &start 30&sa N ref ref http www.google.com search?tab sw&sa N&q 22hydrocarbon economy 22&hl en&lr &sa N ref References reflist Category Energy economics Category Economies ... more details
Church economy is either An Eastern Orthodoxy Eastern Orthodox bishop s discretionary power to dispense with rules that parish priests must otherwise rigidly follow see economy Eastern Orthodoxy or Church economic s. disambig ... more details
The monetary economy is that part of a society s economic system where products and services are traded in exchange for money. A monetary economy stands in contrast to an economy based on barter ing called a barter economy , an economy based on the social exchange of valuable gifts a gift economy , or an economy where goods are not traded, i.e. where the goods are produced and consumed by the same household s closed household economy . These two types of economies are said to be non monetary economies . External links http www.mises.org money.asp For further information Category Monetary economics Category Money Category Numismatics econ stub money stub de Geldwirtschaft fr conomie mon taire ja vi Kinh t ti n t ... more details
A Goldilocks economy is a not too overheating economics hot or cold economy , sustaining moderate economic growth and a low inflation allowing for a market friendly monetary policy. The name comes from the children s literature children s story The Three Bears . The first use of this phrase is credited to David Shulman of Salomon Brothers who wrote The Goldilocks Economy Keeping the Bears at Bay in March 1992. http blogs.marketwatch.com greenberg 2008 01 11 . External links http www.commondreams.org views01 0305 05.htm Example usage Category Economies economy stub ko tr T rk e ... more details
Economic systems sidebar Information economy is a term that characterizes an Economics economy with an increased emphasis on information al activities and information industry . The vagueness of the term has three major sources. First, not surprisingly, there is no agreed upon definition regarding the threshold of when an economy is information economy and when it is not, just as there is no agreed threshold for an agricultural or industrial economy . This is partly because research has been focused on various increases in informational activities, rather than the level it has achieved. It is rare to see research seriously discussing whether a certain level of informatization in an economy is enough to label it as information economy. Second, there are many different kinds of measurements of information ... notably by Manuel Castells , that information economy is not mutually exclusive with manufacturing economy. Citation needed date October 2007 He finds that some countries such as Germany and Japan ... economy is considered a stage or phase of an economy, coming after stages of hunting, agriculture ... some economies have undergone. Service economy , high tech economy , late capitalism , post fordism , and economic globalization global economy are among the most frequently used terms, having some overlaps and contradictions among themselves. Closer terms to information economy would include knowledge economy and post industrial economy . See also precarity Digital economy Electronic business ... society Intellectual property Creative industry Knowledge economy Knowledge market Knowledge policy Virtual economy Also, see The Effective Executive by Peter Drucker 1966 Drucker describes the manual ... Economy. John Wiley& Sons. John Wiley & Sons Cozel, Diane. 1997. The Weightless World. MIT Press. Evans ... Rules A Strategic Guide to the Network Economy. Harvard Business School Press. Tapscott, Donald. 1996. The Digital Economy. McGraw Hill. DEFAULTSORT Information Economy Category Information economy ... more details
Quotefarm date March 2008 Economic systems sidebar Natural economy refers to a type of economy in which money is not used in the transfer of resources among people. It is a system of allocating resources through direct bartering, entitlement by law, or sharing out according to traditional custom. In the more complex forms of natural economy, some goods may act as a referent for fair bartering, but generally currency plays only a small role in allocating resources. As a corollary, the majority of goods produced in a system of natural economy are not produced for the purpose of exchanging them, but for direct ... that Quotation German economists have invented the term Naturalwirtschaft, natural economy, to describe ... of natural economy obviously do not intend the term to be understood in any absolute sense. They are well .... Thus when the early Middle Ages are described as a period of natural economy, all that is meant ... and Das Kapital Capital . Marx comments as follows Quotation Natural economy, money economy, and credit economy have ... been placed in opposition to one another as being the three characteristic economic ... equivalent phases of development. The so called credit economy is merely a form of the money economy ... capitalist production, the money economy appears only as the basis of the credit economy. The money economy and credit economy thus correspond only to different stages in the development of capitalist production, but they are by no means independent forms of exchange vis vis natural economy. With the same justification one might contrapose as equivalents the very different forms of natural economy to those two economies. In the second place, since it is not the economy, i.e., the process of production itself that is emphasised as the distinguishing mark of the two categories, money economy and credit economy, but rather the mode of exchange corresponding to that economy between the various ... economy instead of natural economy. A completely isolated natural economy, such as the Inca state of Peru ... more details
Unreferenced date September 2009 Cleanup date September 2009 Economic systems sidebar A digital economy is an economy that is based on electronic goods and services produced by an electronic business and traded through electronic commerce . That is, a business with electronic production and management processes and that interacts with its partners and customers and conducts transactions through Internet and World Wide Web Web technologies. Digital Economy The concept of a digital economy emerged in the last decade of the 20th century. Nicholas Negroponte 1995 used a metaphor of shifting from processing atoms to processing bits. He discussed the disadvantages of the former e.g., mass, materials, transport and advantages of the latter e.g., weightlessness, virtual, instant global movement . The Net is now the iconic technology of our age. so that.. Digital Economy in eGovernment With growing population and resource mobilisation, digital economy is not limited to business trading and services only but, it encompasses every aspect of life from health to education and from business to banking. Further while everything is happening on digital medium then why not communication with government. eGovernment is already playing its part in this digital economy by providing eservices through various ministry department to its eCitizen. See also Canada 3.0 Electronic business Electronic Commerce Information economy Internet Economy information society Information Society Knowledge economy Knowledge management Knowledge market Network Economy Virtual economy DEFAULTSORT Digital Economy Category Economic systems ru sl Digitalna ekonomija sr Digitalna ekonomija uk ... more details
File JAL Premium Economy.jpg thumb Premium Economy shell seats on Japan Airlines. Premium economy is a travel class offered on some airline s, positioned in price, comfort, and amenities between Economy ... economy work CNN Travel date February 14, 2011 publisher CNN accessdate 2011 02 14 author Brett Snyder ref Premium economy is sometimes limited to just a bit more seat pitch leg room , but at its most ... name cnn2011 File EVA Air s 777 Elite Class.jpg thumb right Elite Class, premium economy on EVA Air alt Airline premium economy cabin. Rows of seats arranged between aisles. TOC For example, in the United ... Blue have an upgraded Economy class with convert 2 5 inch cm more leg room as the only difference they market the class as Economy Plus , Economy Comfort , or Even More Legroom respectively . ref ... Premium Economy to include premium check in, large customized seats some for couples while others targeting ... s, and toothbrush. ref http www.airnewzealand.com premium economy class Premium Economy from the Air ... Virgin Atlantic denotes Premium Economy as W . ref http www.virginatlantic.com en us corporateandtrade ... Premium economy can encompass differences from Economy class such as Citation needed date February ... fare economy, a separate section of the economy coach cabin with more legroom 36 38 seat pitch , along ... allowance div col end Some airlines may designate an entire economy class as premium, such as United p.s. on its transcontinental Boeing 757 200 premium service aircraft. Premium Economy tickets also normally earn more mileage in an airline s frequent flyer program, attracting a bonus between Economy ... div col Air Austral Classe Confort Air France Premium Voyageur Economy Plus Class , Premium Economy ..., SIN, HKG and PEK. On COI aircraft a separate premium economy is marketed as Aliz . Air New Zealand Long haul flights on Boeing 747 s and Boeing 777 s currently as of? feature Pacific Premium Economy ... flying full fare economy on space available basis. All Nippon Airways Premium Economy British Airways ... more details
Mexican secretariats name Secretariat of Economy br small Secretar a de Econom a small address telephone image SE logo.svg imagesize 195px established 1917 command structure headquarters Mexico City, Federal District operational center area current secretary Bruno Ferrari Garc a de Alba director budget website http www.economia.gob.mx www.economia.gob.mx footnotes In Mexico , the Secretariat of Economy Spanish Language Spanish Secretar a de Econom a abbreviated SE is the Ministry government department government department in charge of economy economic affairs . The Secretary of Economy is a member of the Mexican Executive Cabinet federal executive cabinet appointed by the President of Mexico President of the Republic . Until 2000 the name of the Department of Economy was Secretar a de Comercio y Fomento Industrial Secretariat of Commerce and Industrial Development abbreviated SECOFI but that name was changed when Vicente Fox took over the presidency of the republic. The As of 2010 alt current Secretary of Economy is Bruno Ferrari Garc a de Alba. External links http www.economia.gob.mx SE website Mexico stub Category Cabinet of Mexico Economy Category Mexican Secretaries of Economy de Secretar a de Econom a es Secretar a de Econom a M xico fr Secr tariat de l conomie du Mexique ... more details
Brazilian economy may refer to Economy of Brazil Economic history of Brazil disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
A tiger economy is the economy of a country which undergoes rapid economic growth , usually accompanied by an increase in the standard of living. The term was initially used for Japan , South Korea , Singapore , Hong Kong , Thailand and Taiwan the Four Asian Tigers East Asian Tigers or Four Little Tigers , and in the 1990s it was applied to the Republic of Ireland the Celtic Tiger . Later on Gulf Tiger Dubai , Tatra Tiger Slovakia and the Baltic tiger Baltic countries developed a tiger economy as well. See also Economic miracle Tiger Cub Economies References unreferenced date August 2007 economy stub http www.salon.eu.sk article.php?article 1147 the end of the economic miracle The End of the Economic Miracle essay by Michal Hvoreck , English, about the end of tiger economy in Slovakia Category Economic booms bg cs Ekonomick tygr ko no Tiger konomi ru sk Ekonomick tiger sv Tigerekonomi ... more details
A consumer economy describes an Economic system economy driven by consumer spending as a percent of its gross domestic product , as opposed to the other major components of GDP gross private domestic investment , government spending , and imports netted against exports . ref http student.education2020.com activities vocab.aspx?keystr 11899&order 08060205&stbl 1368449 Education 2020 Homeschool Console, section Vocabluarly of Unit on Economic Boom of the 1920s , quote CONSUMER ECONOMY Definition An economy that depends on a large amount of spending by comsumers. school login required, accessed 12 21 PM, December 1st, 2009. ref The often quoted statistic for the United States, for instance, is that consumer spending amounts to 70 of GDP since 2001 ref http economix.blogs.nytimes.com 2010 05 03 big spenders the consumer economy ref ref http www.wbur.org 2011 01 28 stronger consumer spending ref . References Reflist Category Business economics econ stub ... more details
Moral economy is a phrase used in a number of contexts to describe the interplay between moral or cultural beliefs and economic activities. A just economy A moral economy , in one interpretation, is an economy that is based on goodness, fairness, and justice. Such an economy is generally only stable ... network, the free rider problem lacks a solution and a moral economy becomes harder to maintain. In traditional ... acquire the force of law . The Efficient Society by Joseph Heath discusses the nature of a moral economy ... freedom , and as such comes close to being a moral economy. Other economists such as John P. Powelson relate the concept of a moral economy to the balance of economic power in their view, a moral economy is an economy in which economic factors are balanced against ethical norms in the name ... an economy that is recognized to be a subsidiary of the overall ecosystem of the planet. They address ... economic system and propose new ideas to place our economy in correct relationship with the Earth s ecosystem. They argue that such a moral economy is essential if we are to avoid systemic collapse as our growth economy outstrips the Earth s limited ability to recycle our waste, and as the Earth ... economy is also a name given in economics , sociology and anthropology to the interplay between culture ... of the moral economy. Law s that determine what sort of contract s will be given effect by the judiciary ... economy in many jurisdictions, traditionally a contract involving gambling was considered void ... of moral economy. According to the beliefs which inspired these laws, economic transactions ... Horwitz. Transformations in American Law . Other forms of moral economy are more informal. In the sixteenth ... of a pre capitalist moral economy was used to justify popular action against unscrupulous ... on the Moral Economy of the English Crowd in the Eighteenth Century 1971 . Later historians and sociologists ... as a method of resisting authority in The Moral Economy of the Peasant Subsistence and Rebellion in Southeast ... more details
Or date April 2011 Unreferenced date April 2011 Notability date April 2011 The lithium economy is a concept analogous to the hydrogen economy , methanol economy , ethanol economy , electron economy, vegetable oil economy , or liquid nitrogen economy but where the energy vector is lithium . Analogous economies are the aluminium economy where the energy vector fuel is aluminium typically aluminium gallium . The hydrogen economy as a low carbon solution to land transport has problems in generation, distribution infrastructure , on board storage and cost of power converter fuel cell . The lithium economy has analogous problems in all four areas, but considered separately, the routes to their solution have different absolute limits and different timescales for their solutions. The lithium economy concept is used primarily as a political argument to prevent over domination of the post carbon energy future by oil companies and as a post carbon economy on which action can be taken now instead of deferred to some future date see FreedomCAR project . The lithium economy differs from the other proposed future fuel economies in that the transition roadmap begins with conventional rechargeable batteries using conventional Lithium ion battery Li ion or Lithium ion polymer battery Lithium polymer cell batteries and progressing to chemistries such as Lithium sulfur battery Li S and Lithium iron phosphate battery Li iron phosphate and cell types with higher energy densities. Eventually, anode replacement Li air or Li water cells are envisaged where only anodes lithium metal are replaced. The energy is stored in unoxidised lithium atoms, which release energy when oxidised. A lithium atom is seven times as heavy as a hydrogen atom, and at room temperature, hydrogen is a gas, while lithium is solid. This means energy per mass is much worse, but since lithium is much more compact , it has more energy per volume. In fact, storing hydrogen requires so much ancillary equipment or material that lithium ... more details
for the design theory The Blue Economy Design Theory Infobox book name The Blue Economy 10 years 100 innovations 100 million jobs title orig translator image File The Blue Economy.jpg 200px Cover image caption Cover of The Blue Economy . author Gunter Pauli illustrator cover artist country United States language series subject genre green economy , environmentalism publisher Paradigm Publications pub date 2010 english pub date media type Print Softcover pages 336 isbn 978 0912111902 oclc dewey congress preceded by followed by The Blue Economy 10 years 100 innovations 100 million jobs is a book by Gunter Pauli . It takes the reader beyond the obvious and aims to cake up the entrepreneur in all of us. The innovations it explores are founded in solid science and demonstrated by multiple platforms. Committed grass roots entrepreneurs worldwide can realize triple cash flow using open source innovations that create competitive business models. This book will encourage thousands and perhaps millions of us to apply a Blue Economy business model that will shift us fron scarcity to abundance. ref name Paradigm Publications cite news title The Blue Economy on Paradigm Publications http www.paradigm pubs.com catalog detail BluEco url publisher Paradigm Publications date April, 2010 ref ref name The Blue Economy on Google Books cite news title The Blue Economy on Google Books http books.google.de books?id aJ3HZD1H7ZsC&printsec frontcover&dq the blue economy&source bl&ots nWyn5bba5t&sig xIxSq9R5 o9wKFSYdEdPcHdTSCA&hl de&ei W2xuTfbyB43QsgbVx SFDw&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 3&ved 0CDIQ6AEwAjgK v onepage&q&f false url publisher Paradigm Publications date April, 2010 ref Background ... also The Blue Economy Green economy Upcycling References reflist External links http liftconference.com ... Publisher Paradigm Publications de The Blue Economy 10 Jahre 100 Innovationen 100 Millionen Jobs DEFAULTSORT Blue Economy Category 2010 books Category Sustainability books Category Environmental ... more details
no footnotes date January 2011 original research date January 2011 The definition of solidarity economy ... for humanizing the capitalist economy seeking to supplement capitalist globalization with community based social safety net s . The solidarity economy can be seen a as part of the third sector in which ... at public policy objectives, or b as a struggle seeking to build an economy and culture of solidarity beyond capitalism in the present. The still evolving term solidarity economy is an English ... languages. As such it is sometimes translated by other expressions such as solidarity based economy . Social and solidarity economy The solidarity economy is often considered part of the social economy , forming what might be termed the social and solidarity economy from the French conomie sociale ... is gradually being clarified. An organisation seeing itself as part of the solidarity economy generally ... economy, but would not normally be considered part of the solidarity economy except in special circumstances ... economy organisations Fair trade organisations form part of the solidarity economy as their aim .... Self help organisations also form part of the solidarity economy as members support ... Worker cooperative s form part of the solidarity economy if their aims include a commitment to solidarity in some form. Trade unions are often considered a key part of the solidarity economy as they are based ... of commons based peer production . Social center Give away shop s and other forms of Gift economy ... Economy , GEO Euclides Andr Mance. http www.turbulence.org.uk solidarityeconom.html ... engl German Conference on Solidarity Economy held in Berlin on 24 26 November 2006 External ... ussen The U.S. Solidarity Economy Network http www.economiasolidaria.org Portal de ... MIJARC http en.solecopedia.org SOLECOPEDIA online encyclopaedia on solidarity economy, in English, French, Spanish etc. DEFAULTSORT Solidarity Economy Category Social economy de Solidarische konomie ... more details
Refimprove date May 2007 Economic systems sidebar An open economy is an economy in which there are economic activities between domestic community and outside, e.g. person people , including business es, can trade in product business good s and Service economics service s with other people and businesses in the international community , and flow of funds as investment across the border. This contrasts with a closed economy in which international trade and finance cannot take place. The act of selling goods or services to a foreign country is called export ing. The act of buying goods or services from a foreign country is called import ing. Together exporting and importing are collectively called international trade . There are a number of advantages for citizen s of a country with an open economy. One primary advantage is that the citizen consumer s have a much larger variety of goods and services from which to choose. Additionally, consumers have an opportunity to invest their savings outside of the country. In an open economy, a country s spending in any given year need not to equal its output of goods and services. A country can spend more money than it produces by borrowing from abroad, or it can spend less than it produces and lend the difference to alien law foreigners . ref Cite book title Macroeconomics first N. Gregory last Mankiw authorlink N. Gregory Mankiw year 2007 location New York publisher Worth isbn 0716762137 page page needed date September 2010 ref There is no closed economy in today s world. Economic models of an open economy The basic model The basic economic model of an open economy is the same as that of a closed economy model except two new terms are added ... and is sometimes designated with the term NX. In closed economy National savings Investment. Closed economy countries can increase its wealth only by accumulating new capital. See also Exchange rate Terms of trade References reflist DEFAULTSORT Open Economy Category Economies ar de ... more details
Modern economies can be characterised as learning economies in which knowledge is the crucial resource and learning is the most important process. Different kinds of learning and economically relevant types of knowledge can likewise be identified. It is argued that pure Market economy market economies , if such existed, would have severe problems in terms of learning and innovation. The learning economy is a mixed economy in a fundamental sense. In the public debate, knowledge is increasingly presented as the crucial factor in the development of both society and the economy. In a growing number of publications from the European Commission and Organisation for Economic Co operation and Development it is emphasised that we currently operate in a knowledge based economy . For several reasons many prefer the term the learning economy in characterising the current phase of socio economic development. ref Lundvall and Johnson 1994, Lundvall 1996 ref Criticism and Scarcity of Empirical Studies Much of the initial theorizing about the advent of a fundamentally new era in which economic activity is increasingly abstract , i.e., disconnected from land, labour, and physical capital machines and industrial infrastructure was associated with the business management literature of the new economy NASDAQ bubble, which collapsed in 2001 but slowly recovered, albeit, in a leaner format, throughout the 2000s . This literature was initially known more for its hyperbole and faddishness than for its academic empirical integrity. More recently 2011 however, empirical research from cross disciplinary fields such as innovation studies are altering that perception. See also Knowledge economy References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Learning Economy Category Business terms Category Economies Category Information, knowledge, and uncertainty Category Information Age Category Wikipedia articles containing buzzwords ... more details
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