- EROEI
TOC right In physics , energy economics and energetics ecological energetics , EROEI energy returned on energy invested , ERoEI , or EROI energy return on investment , is the ratio of the amount of usable ... resource. When the EROEI of a resource is equal to or lower than 1, that energy source becomes an energy sink , and can no longer be used as a primary energy primary source of energy. math EROEI ... to net energy gain EROEI and Net energy gain Net energy gain measure the Energy quality same ..., while EROEI measures the ratio or efficiency of the process. They are related simply by math hbox NetEnergy hbox EnergyExpended div hbox EnergyExpended EROEI math or math hbox NetEnergy div hbox EnergyExpended 1 EROEI math For example given a process with an EROEI of 5, expending 1 unit of energy yields a net energy gain of 4 units. The break even point happens with an EROEI of 1 or a net energy gain of 0. The economic influence of EROEI High per capita energy use has been considered desirable ... will generally exploit the highest available EROEI energy sources first, as these provide the most energy for the least effort. With non renewable sources, progressively lower EROEI sources are then used ... Charles A. S. Hall accessdate 2009 07 08 ref Currently 2006 the EROEI of wind energy in North ... for example oil is energy dense and transportable, while wind is variable , when the EROEI of the main ... relative to other resources and goods. Therefore the EROEI gains importance when comparing energy alternatives. Since expenditure of energy to obtain energy requires productive effort, as the EROEI ... quality of life since then largely to more easily exploited i.e. higher EROEI energy sources, which ... demonstrates that a falling EROEI in the Later Roman Empire was one of the reasons for the collapse of the Western Empire in the fifth century CE. In The Upside of Down he suggests that EROEI analysis ... century, as EROEI began to fall. It bottomed in 1084 when Rome s population, which had peaked ... more details
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- Social entropy
of energy extraction, or Energy Return on Energy Invested or EROEI. This measures the amount of surplus energy a society gets from using energy to obtain energy. There would be no surplus if EROEI ... to sustain the essential overhead energy costs of a modern society. Part of the mental equation is that the EROEI ... curves. An EROEI of more than 3, then, is what appears necessary to provide the energy for societally ... and poor that a society depends on. The EROEI figure also affects the number of people needed for food ... of cheap fossil fuels with an exceedingly high EROEI enabled 100 of the population to be fed with only 4 of the population employed in agriculture. Diminishing EROEI making fuel more expensive relative ... more details
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- Economics and energy
for capturing and utilizing available energy to build biomass and do work. EROEI Main EROEI EROEI Energy Returned on Energy Invested , sometimes referred to as EROI Energy Return On Investment ... more details
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- Energy balance
Energy balance may refer to First law of thermodynamics , according to which energy cannot be created or destroyed, only modified in form Energy balance biology , a measurement of the biological homeostasis of energy in living systems Energy economics , where the energy balance of a country is an aggregate presentation of all human activities related to energy, except for natural and biological processes Groundwater energy balance , comparing a groundwater body in terms of incoming hydraulic energy associated with groundwater inflow and outflow Energy returned on energy invested EROEI , ratio of the amount of usable energy acquired from a particular energy resource to the amount of energy expended to obtain that energy resource Energy accounting , a system used within industry, where measuring and analyzing the energy consumption of different activities is done to improve energy efficiency Energy Economics journal Energy Economics journal , a scientific journal published by Elsevier under its North Holland imprint disambig DEFAULTSORT Energy Balance Category Energy economics Category Chemical engineering de Energiebilanz Umwelt et Energiabilanss id Neraca energi hu Energiam rleg pl Bilans energetyczny ... more details
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- Energy accounting
Energy accounting is a system used within industry, where measuring and analyzing the energy consumption dn of different activities is done to improve Efficient energy use energy efficiency . ref http books.google.se books?id ucOUmIgQ5sQC&pg PA1&lpg PA1&dq Energy Accounting&source bl&ots KeN49O abq&sig slaka fe6D1DJM RQO9h2FqS9Tk&hl sv&ei WSK1Se 4Oo O ganx TLBA&sa X&oi book result&resnum 3&ct result PPA1,M1 Accounting Facility Energy Use in Encyclopedia of Energy Engineering and Technology ref Energy management Image Hot metalwork.jpg right thumb Heat , a form of energy, is the amount of random molecular kinetic energy . Energy accounting is a system used in energy management system s where measuring and analyzing energy consumption is done to improve energy efficiency within an organization. ref http books.google.se books?id ucOUmIgQ5sQC&pg PA1&lpg PA1&dq Energy Accounting&source bl&ots KeN49O abq&sig slaka fe6D1DJM RQO9h2FqS9Tk&hl sv&ei WSK1Se 4Oo O ganx TLBA&sa X&oi book result&resnum 3&ct result PPA1,M1 Accounting Facility Energy Use in Encyclopedia of Energy Engineering and Technology ref Various energy transformation s are possible. An energy balance can be used to track energy through a system. This becomes a useful tool for determining resource use and environmental impacts. How much energy is needed at each point in a system and in what form that energy is , can be measured. An accounting system keeps track of energy in, energy out, and non useful energy versus work done, and transformations within a system. Sometimes, non useful work is what is often responsible for environmental problems. ref http telstar.ote.cmu.edu environ m3 s3 05account.shtml ref Energy balance Energy return on investment EROEI is the ratio of energy delivered by an energy technology to the energy invested to set the technology up. See also Energy management software Energy management system Energy transformation Energy quality Energy and Environment Economics and energy EROEI Referen ... more details
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- Lolland Hydrogen Community
Denmark s first full scale wind hydrogen hybrid power system wind Hydrogen energy plant and testing facility, the Lolland Hydrogen Community , began operation in May 2007. It is also the European Union s first full scale Hydrogen Community Demonstration facility for residential Fuel Cell Combined Heat and Power CHP . ref name renewable http www.renewableenergyaccess.com rea news story?id 48873 First Danish Hydrogen Energy Plant Is Operational ref Located in the city of Nakskov on the island of Lolland , where wind power is abundant, the hydrogen energy plant has received funding from the Danish Energy Authority, and is a joint partnership between the Municipality of Lolland, IRD Fuel Cells, and Baltic Sea Solutions. The island is producing 50 more energy from renewable energy sources EROEI than it consumes , and the hydrogen project is seeking to locally store excess wind power in the form of hydrogen for use in residential and industrial facilities. ref name renewable Hydrogen is produced by using excess wind power to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen and oxygen. The oxygen is used in the municipal water treatment plant nearby to speed up the biological process. The hydrogen is stored in low pressure storage tanks at six Bar unit bars and fuels two PEM Fuel Cell Micro Combined Heat and Power CHP stations of 2 kilowatt s kW and 6.5 kW, respectively. ref name renewable See also Portal box Energy Denmark Hydrogen economy Renewable energy in Iceland Wind hydrogen hybrid power system Wind power in Denmark References references Wind power Coord 54 50 N 11 09 E region DK type city display title Category Alternative energy Category Electrochemistry Category Energy conversion Category Hydrogen production Category Power stations in Denmark Category Hydrogen economy ... more details
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- Charles A S Hall
of energy return on investment EROEI that any living thing or living societies can survive only so ... at State University of New York http www.esf.edu EFB hall The EROEI institute http www.eroiinstitute.org ... more details
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- Net energy gain
13600 Energy balance wikt energyware Energyware and energy carrier EROEI Solar Cell Solar cells and energy ... more details
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- Societal collapse
productivity of energy extraction, or Energy Return on Energy Invested or EROEI . This measures the amount ... if EROEI approaches 1 1. What Hall showed is that the real cutoff is well above that, estimated to be 3 ... is that the EROEI of our generally preferred energy source, oil, has fallen in the past century ... decay curves. An EROEI of more than 3, then, is what appears necessary to provide the energy for societally ... of the rich and poor that a society depends on. The EROEI figure also affects the number of people needed ..., the use of cheap fossil fuels with an exceedingly high EROEI enabled 100 of the population to be fed with only 4 of the population employed in agriculture. Diminishing EROEI making fuel more expensive ... more details
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- Energy economics
Energy and environment Energy balance Energy policy Energy quality EROEI Industrial ecology International ... more details
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- Hydrous pyrolysis
a temperature of about convert 480 C F abbr on . The EROEI Energy Returned On Energy Invested of these processes ... more details
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- OPG 7 commemorative turbine
Image OPG 7 Gomberg Turbine 001.jpg 256px right thumbnail OPG 7 Gomberg Turbine The OPG 7 Gomberg Turbine is a Vestas model V80 1.8 Megawatt MW wind turbine in Pickering, Ontario . At the time of its construction, it was one of the largest wind turbines in North America, a 117 metre high wind machine commissioned in 2001 and designed to produce enough power to satisfy about 600 average households a year. This electricity is also Environmental effects of wind power emission free . The commercial wind power industry has introduced steadily larger wind turbines to improve efficiency and the EROEI energy returned on energy invested . By 2008, the OPG 7 was no longer an unusually large wind turbine, with many new wind farms installing units of 3MW capacity and larger. However, the wind turbine remains the only unit in the world to be directly on the site of a nuclear power plant. Technical details The Pickering Wind Generating Station GS produced an average of about 2900 megawatt hours MW h of electricity a year from 2001 to 2005. It generated about 18 of the electricity it would have if it had operated 24 hours a day for 365 days a year. ref name pickering backgrounder Cite web url http www.opg.com pdf pickwind.pdf title Pickering Wind Generation Station publisher Ontario Power Generation accessdate 2008 11 01 month 04 year 2006 ref This 18 capacity factor is low compared to other forms of generation, and is low compared to most commercial wind farm s in North America. The low capacity factor results mainly from the lack of constant strong winds at the Pickering site, the wind shadow effect of nearby large buildings, and the high maintenance required for a prototype unit. The relatively low capacity factor is typical for wind turbines sited primarily as Unconventional wind turbines Wind turbines on public display demonstration units . Other areas in Ontario have superior wind resources. ref name ontario wind atlas Cite web url http www.ontariowindatlas.ca title Ontario ... more details
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- EROI
About Eastman Rochester Organ Initiative the concept of Energy Return On Investment EROEI Image Installationcasparini.JPG right thumb 380px The Casparini organ in Christ Church, Rochester NY EROI or the Eastman Rochester Organ Initiative is a project run by the Eastman School of Music with the goal of creating a unique collection of pipe organ organ instruments in Rochester, New York . The director of the project has been Hans Davidsson . The first phase The initial phase of EROI consists of three organs coming from three very different esthetic traditions, an Italian baroque organ, a German late baroque organ and an American orchestral organ. The Italian Baroque organ The first milestone of the project was the acquisition of an original Italian baroque organ. ref http www.rochestercitynewspaper.com archives 2003 10 News briefs 10 8 02 News briefs 10.8.02 Archives Rochester City Newspaper Bot generated title ref The instrument was restored by German organbuilder Gerhard Woehl and installed in the Fountain Court of the Memorial Art Gallery , a museum of University of Rochester . ref http www.rochestercitynewspaper.com archives 2005 10 Music of the spheres Music of the spheres Archives Rochester City Newspaper Bot generated title ref ref http www.npr.org templates story story.php?storyId 5066165 ref Specification The instrument has one manual, pull down pedals and is tuned in meantone . ref http www.gothic catalog.com Rochester NY Eastman Italian Baroque Organ s 827.htm Rochester, NY Eastman Italian Baroque Organ Bot generated title ref Manual compass CDEFGA c3 Principale bassi soprani 8 Ottava 4 Decimaquinta 2 Decimanona 1 1 3 Vigesima Seconda 1 Vigesima Sesta e Nona 1 2 and 1 3 Flauto in ottava 4 Flauto in duodecima 2 2 3 Flauto in XVII 1 3 5 , from f1 Voce Umana from d1 Tromboncini bassi soprani 8 Pedal pull down compass CEFGA g Contrabassi 16 The Casparini Organ The second instrument is a replica of the 1776 organ built by German organ builder Adam Gottlob Casparini ... more details
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- Learning curve
of these may be Energy Return on Energy Invested or EROEI, discussed at length in an http www.eoearth.org ... to make things happen. Useful Natural Limits EROEI measures the return on invested effort as a ratio ... more details
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- Economic history of the world
that diminishing returns of the EROEI is a chief cause of the collapse of complex societies. Falling EROEI due to depletion of non renewable resources also poses a difficult challenge for industrial ... more details
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- Thermal depolymerization
. This means the EROEI Energy Returned on Energy Invested EROEI is 6.67 , which is comparable ... as fuel ethanol and biodiesel from agriculture agricultural sources have EROEI in the 4.2 range ... , maize corn , soybean s and the like . These EROEI values are not directly comparable, because these EROEI calculations include the energy cost to produce the feedstock, whereas the above EROEI calculation ... more details
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- Oil shale economics
EROEI . Shale oil extraction is energy intensive. Generally, for ex situ processes, the oil shale ... of the final product. A 1984 study estimated the EROEI of the different oil shale deposits to vary ... an EROEI about three to four on its in situ development, Mahogany Research Project , which uses ... EROEI to determine the economic viability of oil shale are disagreement whether internal energy ... to CO sub 2 sub emissions. However, EROEI then becomes a measure of environmental acceptability ... more details
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- Sustainability measurement
on Energy Investment EROI or EROEI . Currently, between one and five barrels of oil are recovered for each barrel equivalent of energy used in the recovery process. As the EROEI drops to one, or equivalently ... with an EROEI of 0.5 can be usefully exploited if the energy required to produce that oil comes from ... fuel produced with a net EROEI of less than 1, although figures in this area are controversial because methods to measure EROEI are in debate. Growth based economic models Insofar as economic ... more details
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- Shale oil
EROEI . A 1984 study estimated the EROEI of the various known oil shale deposits as varying ... development projects assert an EROI between 3 to 10. Royal Dutch Shell has reported an EROEI ... more details
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- Shell in situ conversion process
EROEI is low compared to conventional crude oil extraction, however the heating process itself creates ... more details
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- Energy conversion efficiency
Energy Returned on Energy Invested EROEI Exergy efficiency Figure of merit Fuel efficiency International ... more details
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- Khazzoom-Brookes postulate
decreasing physical returns on investment EROEI . Accelerating toward terminal limits of resource ... more details
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- Bivalent (engine)
in having a net positive EROEI , while other fuels such as petroleum are net negative energy sinks ... more details
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- Vegetable oil economy
of primary energy it is useful to look at the net energy gain or EROEI . This is the ratio of energy ... technology had EROEI numbers of less than 1 but current cells achieve Photovoltaic Energy return on investment net energy gain numbers of 10 to 30 . These EROEI s are crap. Find studies that include ... more details
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- Oil shale industry
used in its mining and processing, a ratio known as Energy Returned on Energy Invested EROEI . A 1984 study estimated the EROEI of the various known oil shale deposits as varying between 0.7 13.3 ... an EROI between 3 to 10. Royal Dutch Shell has reported an EROEI of three to four on its in situ ... more details
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