about an organ Frank Zappa s song Duodenum song Infobox Anatomy Name Duodenum Latin GraySubject 248 GrayPage ... tract gastrointestinal tract , highlighting the duodenum. Precursor Foregut 1st and 2nd parts ... 6ch2 s6ch2 30 ref Lymph MeshName duodenum MeshNumber A03.556.124.684.124 Dorlands three 000032802 DorlandsID Duodenum Template Bile ducts and pancreas Refimprove date June 2008 The duodenum is the first ... or proximal intestine may be used instead of duodenum. ref name fish feeding book cite book last ... PA31&lpg PA31&dq fish cytology jejunum duodenum page 31 date 2001 accessdate 2009 01 09 publisher Springer isbn 1852332417, 9781852332419 ref In mammals the duodenum may be the principal site for iron .... Dis. volume 29 issue 3 pages 356 60 year 2002 pmid 12547225 doi 10.1006 bcmd.2002.0574 ref The duodenum ... digestion takes place. The name duodenum is from the Latin duodenum digitorum , or twelve fingers breadths. In humans, the duodenum is a hollow jointed tube about 10&ndash 12 inch long connecting ... . Function The duodenum is largely responsible for the breakdown of food in the small intestine, using enzymes. Brunner s glands , which secrete mucus , are found in the duodenum. The duodenum wall is composed of a very thin layer of cells that form the muscularis mucosae . The duodenum is almost entirely retroperitoneal . The duodenum also regulates the rate of emptying of the stomach via hormonal ... to acidic and fatty stimuli present there when the pylorus opens and releases gastric chyme into the duodenum ... to release bicarbonate and digestive enzymes such as trypsin , lipase and amylase into the duodenum ... bypass surgery bypassing the duodenum were cured of their type 2 diabetes . However, the disappearance ... in the animals, the diabetes returned. This shows that preventing food from entering the duodenum ... produced by the duodenum on entry of food in to it or a secondary product is absorbed by the jejunum ... March 2011 Sections The duodenum is divided into four sections for the purposes of description. The first ... more details
Song infobox Name Duodenum Artist Frank Zappa Album Lumpy Gravy Released May 13, 1968 track no 2 Genre Experimental music Length 1 32 Writer Frank Zappa Label Verve Records Verve Producer Nick Venet , Frank Zappa Type Song prev The Way I See It, Barry prev no 1 next Oh No song Oh No next no 3 Song infobox Name Bwana Dik Artist Frank Zappa and The Mothers of Invention The Mothers Album Fillmore East June 1971 Released August 2, 1971 track no 4 Genre Comedy rock Length 2 21 Writer Frank Zappa Label Bizarre Records Bizarre , Reprise Records Reprise Producer Frank Zappa Type Song prev What Kind of Girl Do You Think We Are? prev no 3 next Latex Solar Beef next no 5 Duodenum is a song by Frank Zappa that first appeared as part of Lumpy Gravy Part One on 1968 in music 1968 s Lumpy Gravy . It is an instrumental although it contains vocals on 1984 Lumpy Gravy remix that runs for approximately 1 32 and is the second identifiable track on the album, preceded by The Way I See It, Barry and followed by Oh No song Oh No . The duodenum , in anatomy, is part of the digestive system and connects the stomach to the small intestine. Fillmore East June 1971 , released in 1971 in music 1971 , contains a performance of Duodenum with added lyrics under the name Bwana Dik. The song was used as part of a routine during which the band member most considerably endowed or popular with groupies was given the moniker Bwana Dik. Duodenum also appears in its instrumental form on the 1991 live double album Make a Jazz Noise Here as Theme from Lumpy Gravy. The Persuasions , the classic doo wop a capella group that Frank Zappa signed to his Bizarre label in the 1960s, covered Duodenum as their album opener on their 2000 Zappa tribute, Frankly A Cappella The Persuasions Sing Zappa. Category Experimental rock songs Category Frank Zappa songs Category Songs written by Frank Zappa Category 1971 songs ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Suspensory muscle of duodenum Latin musculus suspensorius duodeni GraySubject GrayPage Image Gray1042.png Caption Duodenojejunal fossa. Suspensory muscle of the duodenum not labeled, but region is visible. Image2 Caption2 Map MapPos MapCaption Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre m 22 DorlandsSuf 12551047 The Suspensory muscle of duodenum or Ligament of Treitz named after V clav Treitz connects the duodenum of the small intestines to the diaphragm anatomy diaphragm . It contains a slender band of skeletal muscle from the diaphragm and a fibromuscular band of smooth muscle from the horizontal and ascending parts of the duodenum. When it contracts, the suspensory muscle of the duodenum widens the angle of the duodenojejunal flexure, allowing movement of the intestinal contents. ref Moore, Dalley and Agur, 2010 Clinically Oriented Anatomy , 6th edition, p. 241 ref Structure It arises from the right crus as it passes around the esophagus, continues as connective tissue around the stems of the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery and inserts into the third and fourth portions of the duodenum and frequently into the duodenojejunal DJ flexure between the duodenum and the jejunum as well. Clinical significance This ligament is an important anatomy anatomical landmark of the duodenojejunal junction. This is actually a thin muscle that wraps around the small intestine where the duodenum and jejunum meet. It passes behind the pancreas and is attached above to the spine and the diaphragm. It is an especially important landmark to note when looking at the bowel for the presence of Intestinal malrotation malrotation of the gut , a syndrome often suspected in young children when they have episodes of recurrent vomiting. Visualizing ... of the Duodenum anatomic and radiographic correlation journal Abdom Imaging volume 33 issue 4 ... suspensory muscle of duodenum Digestive tract Category Digestive system muscle stub de Ligamentum ... more details
Infobox Ligament Name Duodenorenal ligament Latin ligamentum duodenorenale GraySubject GrayPage Image Caption Image2 Caption2 From Duodenum To kidney System MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre z 01 DorlandsSuf 12492212 The Duodenorenal ligament is a fold of peritoneum that crosses from the duodenum to the right kidney . Category Abdomen Category Ligaments ligament stub ... more details
Submucosal glands can refer to Esophageal glands , the submucosal glands of the esophagus. Brunner s glands , the submucosal glands of the duodenum. Submucosal glands in the upper airways of mammals. disambiguation ... more details
Kocher manoeuvre is a surgical manoeuvre to expose structures in the retroperitoneum behind the duodenum and pancreas for example to control hemorrhage from the vena cava inferior or to facilitate removal of a pancreatic tumour . It is named for the Nobel prize winning surgeon Dr. Emil Theodor Kocher . The peritoneum is incised at the right edge of the duodenum, and the duodenum and the head of pancreas are reflected to the opposite direction, i.e. to the left. This is also the name of a manoeuvre used to reduce anterior shoulder dislocations by externally rotating the shoulder, before adducting and internally rotating it. External links http www.hpb.cz cz cas 99 1 2 main.html The incidence of tumours in the pancreatic head ... Category Surgical procedures med stub pt Manobra de Kocher ... more details
Acinar cell may refer to Centroacinar cells of the pancreas Other acinus cells disambig acinat cells are in the pancreas and produce hydrolytic enzymes which are released into the small intestine, or duodenum. ... more details
orphan date July 2008 Gastroenterocolitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the stomach , small intestines , and Colon anatomy colon . Category Diseases of oesophagus, stomach and duodenum Category Diseases of intestines med stub ru ... more details
Nofootnotes date November 2010 Infobox Anatomy Name PAGENAME Latin glandulae duodenales GraySubject 248 GrayPage 1176 Image gray1058.png Caption Section of duodenum. Duodenal glands in submucosa labeled at right, fourth from the top. Image2 Caption2 System MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre g 06 DorlandsSuf 12392383 Brunner s glands or Pancreal glands or duodenal glands are compound tubular Submucosa submucosal gland s found in that portion of the duodenum which is above the hepatopancreatic sphincter Sphincter of Oddi . The main function of these glands is to produce a mucus rich alkaline secretion containing bicarbonate in order to protect the duodenum from the acidic content of chyme which is introduced into the duodenum from the stomach provide an alkaline condition for the intestinal enzymes to be active, thus enabling absorption to take place lubricate the intestinal walls. They are the distinguishing feature of the duodenum, and are named for the Switzerland Swiss physician who first described them, Johann Conrad Brunner . File Duodenum brunner s glands.JPG thumb 200px left Human brunner s gland External links eMedicineDictionary duodenal glands BUHistology 11504loa Digestive System Alimentary Canal pyloro duodenal junction, duodenum BUHistology 11513loa Digestive System Alimentary Canal pyloro duodenal junction BUHistology 11609loa Digestive System Alimentary Canal duodenum, plicae circularis Digestive tract Category Digestive system digestive stub cs Brunnerova l za de Brunner Dr sen id Kelenjar Brunner ja pt Gl ndulas de Br nner ru uk ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 Gastroduodenostomy is a surgical procedure where the doctor creates a new connection between the stomach and the duodenum . This procedure may be performed in cases of stomach cancer or in the case of a malfunctioning pyloric valve . Category Surgical procedures Treatment stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date February 2009 In medicine, Valentino s syndrome is pain presenting in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen caused by a duodenum duodenal peptic ulcer ulcer with perforation through the retroperitoneum . DEFAULTSORT Valentino s Syndrome Med stub Category Abdominal pain ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name PAGENAME Latin flexura duodenojejunalis GraySubject 248 GrayPage 1170 Image Gray1041.png Caption Superior and inferior duodenal foss . Image2 Illu small intestine.jpg Caption2 Small intestine System MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre f 09 DorlandsSuf 12368320 The duodenojejunal flexure or duodenojejunal junction is the border between the duodenum and the jejunum . The ascending portion of the duodenum ascends on the left side of the aorta , as far as the level of the upper border of the second lumbar vertebra , where it turns abruptly forward to become the jejunum , forming the duodenojejunal flexure . It lies in front of the left Psoas major and left renal vessels, and is covered in front, and partly at the sides, by peritoneum continuous with the left portion of the mesentery . Additional images gallery Image Gray1042.png Duodenojejunal fossa. Image Gray1225.png Front of abdomen, showing surface markings for duodenum , pancreas , and kidneys . gallery See also Transpyloric plane External links SUNYAnatomyFigs 37 06 04 The large intestine. SUNYAnatomyLabs 39 07 01 05 Intestines and Pancreas The Duodenum SUNYAnatomyImage 8 1 55 eMedicineDictionary duodenojejunal flexure eMedicineDictionary duodenojejunal junction digestive stub Gray s Digestive tract Category Digestive system fr Angle duod no j junal it Flessura duodeno digiunale ... more details
Pancreaticoduodenal artery arteries to the pancreas and duodenum can refer to Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery In case of a coarctation of the aorta located between the celiac trunk and the superior mesenteric artery , the anastomosis between these arteries can provide an alternative route for blood flow, called the pancreaticoduodenal arcade . disambig ... more details
Information Description Anterior view of the small intestine. Small Intestine consists of 3 parts the duodenum, jejunum and the ileum. Source I created this image entirely by myself. Date 5 29 08 Author User LearnAnatomy LearnAnatomy User talk LearnAnatomy talk other versions Licensing self cc by 3.0 ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Retroperistalsis is the reverse of the involuntary smooth muscle contractions of peristalsis . It usually occurs as a precursor to vomiting . Local irritation of the stomach, such as bacteria or food poisoning, activates the area postrema emetic center of the brain which in turn signals an imminent pharyngeal reflex vomiting reflex . Food then moves in the opposite direction, often from the duodenum into the stomach . Retroperistalsis occurs pathologically during vomiting and physiologically at first part of duodenum where it protects from high acidity of food, and also at terminal ileum , where an amount of water and electrolyte is absorbed to assist defecation . Category Digestive system muscle stub de Antiperistaltik ru uk ... more details
Dablink Disambiguation Duodenal ampulla redirects here. This page is not to be confused with the Ampulla of Vater also known as the hepatopancreatic ampulla the union of the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct. Infobox Anatomy Name Duodenal cap Latin ampulla duodeni bulbus duodeni GraySubject GrayPage Image Caption Image2 Caption2 Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber The duodenal cap or duodenal ampulla is the very first part of the duodenum which is slightly dilated. It is the part which is intraperitoneal and is about 2 cm long. It is mobile and has a mesentery. It is also smooth walled. See also Ampulla Duodenum Digestive tract Category Digestive system anatomy stub digestive stub ... more details
distinguish chymex chime refimprove date January 2009 Chyme from Greek language Greek khymos , juice ref http www.etymonline.com index.php?term chyme Chyme , Online Etymology Dictionary ref ref http www.perseus.tufts.edu hopper text?doc Perseus 3Atext 3A1999.04.0057 3Aentry 3Dxumo 2Fs , Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek English Lexicon , on Perseus Digital Library ref is the semifluid mass of partly digested food expelled by the stomach into the duodenum . In other words, chyme is partially digested food. ref http www.merriam webster.com dictionary chyme chyme , Merriam Webster Online Dictionary ref Also known as chymus , it is the liquid substance found in the stomach before passing through the pyloric valve and entering the duodenum . It results from the mechanical and chemical breakdown of a Bolus digestion bolus and consists of partially digested food, water, hydrochloric acid , and various digestion digestive enzyme s. Chyme slowly passes through the pyloric sphincter and into the duodenum, where the extraction of nutrient s begins. Depending on the quantity and contents of the meal, the stomach will digest the food into chyme anywhere between 40 minutes to a few hours. With a pH of around 2, chyme emerging from the stomach is very acidic. To raise its pH, the duodenum secretes a hormone , cholecystokinin CCK , which causes the gall bladder to contract, releasing alkaline bile into the duodenum. The duodenum also produces the hormone secretin to stimulate the pancreatic secretion of large amounts of sodium bicarbonate , which raises the chyme s pH to 7 before it reaches the jejunum . As it is protected by a thick layer of mucus and utilizes the neutralizing actions of the sodium bicarbonate and bile, the duodenum is not as sensitive to highly acidic chyme as the rest of the small intestine. At a pH of 7, the enzymes that were present from the stomach are no longer active. This then leads into the further breakdown of the nutrients still pr ... more details
Infobox disease Name Gastrinoma Image Caption DiseasesDB 14279 ICD10 ICD9 ICDO ICDO 8153 1 OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj med eMedicineTopic 2678 MeshID D015408 A gastrinoma is a tumor in the pancreas or duodenum that secretes excess of gastrin leading to ulceration in the duodenum, stomach and the small intestine. There is hypersecretion of the HCl in the duodenum which causes the ulcers. HCl also causes hyperperistalsis and inhibits the activity of lipase causing severe diarrhoea. It is frequently the source of the gastrin in Zollinger Ellison syndrome . ref name urlDorlands Medical Dictionary gastrinoma cite web url http www.mercksource.com pp us cns cns hl dorlands split.jsp?pg ppdocs us common dorlands dorland four 000043773.htm title Dorlands Medical Dictionary gastrinoma work accessdate ref It is most commonly found in the duodenum 50 70 and less commonly in the pancreas 20 40 . Those occurring in the pancreas have a greater potential for malignancy. Clinical Picture Gastrinoma causes following symptoms Hypergastrinaemia Ulcers of the duodenum, stomach, and small intestine. Severe diarrhoea. Generalised cancer symptoms. Diagnostics 1 Fasting Serum Gastrin. 2 In case of moderate hypergastrinoma, secretin test can help in the dignosis. Treatment Treatment can involve surgery or proton pump inhibitor s. See also Multiple endocrine neoplasia MEN type 1 References reflist External links GPnotebook 462749670 http www.surgery.usc.edu divisions tumor pancreasdiseases web 20pages Endocrine 20tumors pancreatic 20tumors gastrinoma.html USC http emedicine.medscape.com article 184332 overview Emedicine http pathology.jhu.edu pancreas TreatmentEndocrine.php The Johns Hopkins University Pancreatic Islet Cell Tumor Pancreatic Endocrine Neoplasms webpage Tumor histology Endocrine gland neoplasia Category Endocrine neoplasms disease stub ar es Gastrinoma nl Gastrinoom ja pl Gastrinoma ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Duodenal atresia Image Caption DiseasesDB 31514 ICD10 ICD10 Q 41 0 q 38 ICD9 ICD9 751.1 ICDO OMIM 223400 MedlinePlus 001131 eMedicineSubj ped eMedicineTopic 2776 eMedicine mult eMedicine2 radio 223 MeshID Duodenal atresia is the congenital absence or complete closure of a portion of the lumen anatomy lumen of the duodenum . Associated conditions Approximately 20 40 of all infants with duodenal atresia have Down syndrome . Citation needed date December 2007 . Approximately 8 all infants with Down syndrome have duodenal atresia. ref name titleDuodenal Atresia cite web url http brighamrad.harvard.edu Cases bwh hcache 35 full.html title Duodenal Atresia accessdate 2007 12 03 work ref It is also associated with polyhydramnios , which is increased amniotic fluid in the uterus. ref name titleDuodenal Atresia Diagnosis The diagnosis of duodenal atresia is usually confirmed by radiography . An X ray of the abdomen shows two large air filled spaces, the so called double bubble sign. ref name pmid15912365 cite journal author Poki HO, Holland AJ, Pitkin J title Double bubble, double trouble journal Pediatr. Surg. Int. volume 21 issue 6 pages 428 31 year 2005 pmid 15912365 doi 10.1007 s00383 005 1448 z ref ref name titleThe Double Bubble Sign Traubici 220 2 463 Radiology cite web url http radiology.rsnajnls.org cgi content full 220 2 463 title The Double Bubble Sign Traubici 220 2 463 Radiology accessdate 2007 12 03 format work ref The air is trapped in the stomach and duodenum. Since the closure of the duodenum is complete in duodenal atresia, no air is seen distal to the duodenum. Atresias distal to the duodenum are usually caused by vascular accidents or ischemic insult, such as jejunoileal atresia. References reflist Congenital malformations and deformations of digestive system Category Digestive system disease stub de Duodenalatresie it Atresia duodenale pl Atrezja dwunastnicy pt Atresia intestinal ... more details
Infobox Artery Name PAGENAME Latin arteriae pancreaticoduodenales inferiores GraySubject 154 GrayPage 607 Image Gray533.png Caption The celiac artery and its branches the stomach has been raised and the peritoneum removed. Inf. pan. duo. a. visible at lower left. Image2 Illu lymph chain08.jpg Caption2 Inferior pancreaticoduodenal is at 12. BranchFrom superior mesenteric artery BranchTo Vein Pancreaticoduodenal veins Supplies MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre a 61 DorlandsSuf 12155394 The inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery is a branch of the superior mesenteric artery or from its first intestinal branch, opposite the upper border of the inferior part of the duodenum . It courses to the right between the head of the pancreas and duodenum , and then ascends to anastomose with the anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery . It distributes branches to the head of the pancreas and to the descending and inferior parts of the duodenum. External links NormanAnatomy pancreas Gray s circulatory stub Arteries of thorax and abdomen Category Arteries of the abdomen de Arteria pancreaticoduodenalis inferior es Arterias pancreaticoduodenales inferiores pl T tnica trzustkowo dwunastnicza dolna pt Art ria pancreaticoduodenal inferior ... more details
Infobox Lymph Name PAGENAME Latin nodi lymphoidei hepatici GraySubject 180 GrayPage 706 Image Gray613.png Caption Lymphatics of stomach, etc. Image2 Gray614.png Caption2 Lymphatics of stomach, etc. The stomach has been turned upward. DrainsFrom Source DrainsTo celiac lymph nodes MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre n 09 DorlandsSuf 12576488 The hepatic lymph nodes lymphoglandul hepatic , consist of the following groups a hepatic, on the stem of the hepatic artery , and extending upward along the common bile duct , between the two layers of the lesser omentum, as far as the porta hepatis the cystic gland, a member of this group, is placed near the neck of the gall bladder b subpyloric, four or five in number, in close relation to the bifurcation of the gastroduodenal artery , in the angle between the superior and descending parts of the duodenum an outlying member of this group is sometimes found above the duodenum on the right gastric pyloric artery. The glands of the hepatic chain receive afferents from the stomach , duodenum , liver , gall bladder , and pancreas their efferents join the celiac group of preaortic glands. Additional images gallery Image illu lymph chain08.jpg Visceral Nodes of the Abdominal Cavity gallery Gray s lymphatic stub Lymphatics of torso Category Lymphatics of the torso ... more details
Suspensory ligament describes any ligament that supports a body part, especially an organ anatomy organ . Types include In humans Suspensory ligament of thyroid gland or Berry s ligament Suspensory ligament of clitoris Suspensory ligament of axilla or Gerdy s ligament Suspensory ligament of duodenum or Suspensory muscle of duodenum Suspensory ligament of ovary Suspensory ligament of penis Suspensory ligament of lens or Zonular fibres Suspensory ligament of eyeball or Lockwood s ligament Suspensory ligaments of breast or Cooper s ligaments In other animals In horse s, the suspensory ligament is part of the suspensory apparatus of the leg . It supports the fetlock joint when the leg is supporting the horse s weight. It is frequently injured in athletic horses. http www.vetpro.co.nz 888 Vet 20Talk Equine the suspensory ligament.htm The Horse Owners Guide To The Suspensory Ligament disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2008 Infobox Disease Name Duodenitis Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 K 29 8 k 20 ICD9 ICD9 535.6 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D004382 Duodenitis is inflammation of the duodenum . It may persist acutely or chronically. Causes Known causes of duodenitis include Bacterial infection often by Helicobacter pylori Gastroesophageal reflux disease virus Viral infection NSAIDs Symptoms Known symptoms of duodenitis include Abdominal pain vomiting uncontrollably Diagnosis Diagnosis is generally made by endoscopy and reviewing symptoms. Treatment Treatment is aimed at removing the irritant or infection. Helicobacter pylori infection is usually treated with antibiotics . Gastroenterology Inflammation Category Diseases of oesophagus, stomach and duodenum de Duodenitis lt Duodenitas pt Duodenite ru uk ... more details
Distinguish Pillory Infobox Anatomy Name Pylorus Latin valvula pylori GraySubject 247 GrayPage 1164 Image Gray1046.svg Caption Outline of stomach, showing its anatomical landmarks. Image2 Gray1050.png Caption2 Interior of the stomach. Pylorus labeled at center left. System MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre v 02 DorlandsSuf 12844554 The pylorus pron en pa l r s , IPA en p l r s from the Greek language Greek , gate guard is the region of the stomach that connects to the duodenum the beginning of the small intestines . It is divided into two parts the pyloric antrum , which connects to the body of the stomach. the pyloric canal , which connects to the duodenum. The pyloric sphincter , or valve , is a strong ring of smooth muscle at the end of the pyloric canal and lets food pass from the stomach to the duodenum . It receives sympathetic innervation from celiac ganglion . Medical significance One medical condition associated with the pylorus is pyloric stenosis . In such conditions as stomach cancer , tumours may partly block the pyloric canal. A special tube can be implanted surgically to connect the stomach to the duodenum so as to facilitate the passage of food from one to the other. This tube is called a pyloric stent. Gallery gallery Image Gray1051.png The longitudinal and circular muscular fibers of the stomach, viewed from above and in front. Image Gray1052.png The oblique muscular fibers of the stomach, viewed from above and in front. gallery See also Cardia Ignatius J. Reilly References references Stedman s 1557908 External links SUNYAnatomyLabs 37 06 01 05 Abdominal Cavity The Stomach SUNYAnatomyLabs 38 07 01 02 Stomach, Spleen and Liver The Pylorus SUNYAnatomyImage 8 1 50 Digestive tract Category Digestive system digestive stub ca P lor de Pylorus es P loro eu Piloro fr Pylore io Piloro it Piloro la Pylorus hu Gyomorkapu nl Maagportier ja nn Pylorus pl Od wiernik pt Piloro ru sv Pylorus ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date February 2009 Taxobox name Heligmosomoides polygyrus regnum Animalia phylum Nematoda classis Chromadorea ordo Rhabditida familia Heligmosomidae genus Heligmosomoides species H. polygyrus binomial Heligmosomoides polygyrus Heligmosomoides polygyrus is a common nematode found in the duodenum and small intestine of woodmouse woodmice and other rodents . They are 5 20mm in length and bright red due to the pigmentation of their tissues. They are usually heavily coiled, with the female having 12 15 coils and the male 8 12. The male can be distinguished from the female by a prominent copulatory bursa and two long, thin spicule s at the posterior end. They have a direct Biological life cycle life cycle . The eggs pass out with the faeces of the host biology host into the environment. After 2 days they hatch as larva e which are about 300 m in length. The larvae moult 3 days later but retain the shed cuticle for protection. It is at this point they become infective. The larvae shed the outer protective sheath after they are eaten by a suitable host. The larvae then penetrate the submucosa of the duodenum where they under go 2 further molts. About 7 days later the male and female adult worms emerge into the lumen anatomy lumen of the duodenum . They attach to the epithelial layer of the duodenum where they feed off the contents of the gut. The adult worms mate and eggs are shed in the feces. The complete life cycle from egg to egg takes a minimum of 15 days, and the female worms will live inside their host for 8 months. These worms often form cyst s in the wall of the intestine. These cysts often become infected with bacteria, but it is not yet known if these are harmful to the host. This organism is often used to model human helminth infection in laboratory mice. This nematode has been previously called Nematospiroides dubius. DEFAULTSORT Heligmosomoides Polygyrus Category Nematodes ... more details
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