For lists of dictionaries , see List of Chinese dictionaries List of English dictionaries List of French dictionaries List of etymological dictionaries See also List of encyclopedias List of almanacs List of libraries Category Dictionaries Category Lists of lists Dictionaries ... more details
Image Dictionarium trium lingvarum.jpg 171 px thumb First Lithuanian language dictionary Lithuanian dictionaries , i.e., dictionaries of Lithuanian language have been printed since the first half of the 17th century. History The first Lithuanian language dictionary was compiled by Konstantinas Sirvydas and printed in 1629 as a trilingual Polish Latin Lithuanian dictionary. Five editions of it were printed until 1713, but it was used and copied by other lexicographers until 19th century. ref name LIT http www.lituanus.org 1981 4 81 4 01.htm Kazimieras B ga and the Academic Dictionary of Lithuanian , by lt Antanas Klimas Antanas Klimas , Lituanus , vol. 27, no.4, 1981 ref ref name EL http www.spaudos.lt LietKalba Dictionaries.en.htm Dictionaries article from Encyclopedia Lituanica , based on the article from Lituanus ref The first German Lithuanian German dictionary, to address the necessities of Lithuania Minor was published by Friedrich W. Haack in 1730. ref name LIT A better German Lithuanian German dictionary, with a sketch of grammar and history of the language, more words, and systematic orthography, was published by Philipp Ruhig Ruhig lt Pilypas Ruigys Pilypas Ruigys in 1747. ref name LIT In 1800, Christian Gottlieb Mielcke Mielcke lt Kristijonas Gotlybas Milkus Kristijonas Gotlybas Milkus printed an expanded and revised version of Ruhig s. Its foreword was the last work of Immanuel Kant printed during his life. ref http www.unesco.org webworld mdm visite vilnius knygos ... unpublished dictionaries. At the beginning of the 19th century linguists recognized the preserved ... volume Academic Dictionary of Lithuanian . ref name EL References reflist PC dictionaries lt Alkonas ALKONAS English Lithuanian English PC dictionary Online dictionaries http www.dict.lt Lithuanian ... Hungarian Lihuanian Hungarian dictionary Category Lithuanian language Dictionaries Category Lithuanian dictionaries Category Online dictionaries ... more details
Nofootnotes date December 2008 Interlingua dictionaries are notable for their comprehensiveness they tend to be larger than for other auxiliary languages . Some of the larger dictionaries are presented here. The first Interlingua dictionary, titled Interlingua English A Dictionary of the International language , is often referred to simply as the Interlingua English Dictionary IED . First published in 1951, the IED still serves as an authoritative reference work, partly because its entries display the etymological connections between words which are often obscured in other languages. The IED was compiled by Alexander Gode and his research staff. The 27,000 words of the IED are supplemented by the 25,000 word Supplementary List . While not a full dictionary, the list is a useful adjunct to the IED because many Interlingua words are identical, or nearly identical, to their counterparts in English language English . Thus, readers who speak English immediately recognize the Interlingua words and have no need for translations. Author Piet Cleij collects the entries during his work on Interlingua dictionaries. The 263 page W rterbuch Deutsch Interlingua WDI , with 45,000 to 50,000 entries, was compiled by Andre Schild. Schild, the first Secretary General of the Union Mundial pro Interlingua , held this post from 1955 to 1958. A new edition of the WDI was published in 2006. Some other large Interlingua dictionaries include The 382 page Concise English Interlingua Dictionary by F. P. Gopsill and Brian C. Sexton The 55,000 entry Dictionario Francese Interlingua by Piet Cleij, Professor of French, is under preparation The Dicion rio Portugu s Interl ngua by Euclides Bordignon, with 330 pages and about 30,000 entries The Svensk Interlingua Ordbok , a Swedish Interlingua dictionary with 90,000 entries. Written by Pian Boalt, it appears in paper and in electronic formats at Softbear ... dictionaries are available online at the Babylon lingual website. In 2001, Panorama in Interlingua ... more details
Scottish Language Dictionaries SLD is Scotland s lexicographical body for the Lowland Scots Language . SLD is responsible for the major historical dictionaries of the Scots Language , the Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue and the Scottish National Dictionary. Since 2004, all 22 volumes of these major texts have been available, free, via the internet, as the Dictionary of the Scots Language . The organisation was formed in 2002 and continues the work of several generations of Scottish lexicographers. The current project team includes editorial staff from the Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue and from the Scottish National Dictionary Association . SLD also undertakes a wide programme of educational and work throughout Scotland, with people of all ages and abilities. Scottish Language Dictionaries is a Limited Company and Registered Charity in Scotland SC230070 . See also Dictionary of the Scots Language Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue Scottish National Dictionary External links http www.scotsdictionaries.org.uk Scottish Language Dictionaries Ltd http www.dsl.ac.uk Dictionary of the Scots Language Category Scots language sco Scottish Language Dictionaries ... more details
online dictionary which compiles different online dictionaries and encyclopedia including ... dictionary List of online encyclopedias reflist External links dmoz Reference DictionariesDictionaries ... Of Online Dictionaries Category Online dictionaries Category Reference material lists Online dictionaries ... more details
Notable Chinese dictionary Chinese dictionaries , past and present, include class wikitable sortable Title Year Notes Adsotrans since 2001 CEDICT since 1997 Erya 3rd century BC Fangyan 1st century BC Ganlu Zishu 8th century Tang Guangya 3rd century Guangyun 1011 Hanyu Da Cidian 1986 1993 Hanyu Da Zidian 1986 1989 Jingdian Shiwen 580s Jiyun 1037 Song Kangxi Dictionary 1716 See also List of Kangxi radicals Longkan Shoujian 997 Liao Menggu Ziyun 1308 Head entries written in Phags pa script Peiwen Yunfu 1711 Piya 1125 Qieyun 601 Sui Qiyin l e 1161 Song Q L n B y n 17th century Shiming 200 ca. Shuowen Jiezi 2nd century Han Thesaurus Linguae Sericae since 1988 Xiao Erya 2nd century BC Han Xinhua Zidian 1957 to present Yunjing 1161, 1203 Yupian 543 Zhengzitong 1627 Zhonghua Da Zidian 1915 Zhonghua Zihai 1994 Zhongwen Da Cidian 1962 1968 Zhongyuan Yinyun 1324 Yuan Zihui 1615 Ziyuan 4th century See also Colloquial dictionary List of English dictionaries List of French dictionaries List of etymological dictionaries External links http eric.ed.gov ERICDocs data ericdocs2sql content storage 01 0000019b 80 33 c8 6e.pdf LIST OF CHINESE DICTIONARIES IN ALL LANGUAGES , 1967 United States Department of State Office of External Research Dictionaries of Chinese Category Chinese dictionaries ... more details
List of notable French dictionaries class wikitable sortable title year Dictionnaire de l Acad mie fran aise 1694 to present Collins Robert French Dictionary 1978 to present Dictionnaire de la langue fran aise Littr Littr 1877 Grand Dictionnaire Encyclopedique Larousse 1982 1985 Grand dictionnaire universel du XIXe si cle 1866 1890 Harrap s Shorter French Dictionary 1940 to present Dictionnaire des ouvrages anonymes et pseudonymes 1806 1809 Oxford Hachette French Dictionary French English English French 1994 to present Petit Larousse 1905 to present Petit Robert 1967 to present Category French dictionaries ... more details
This is a list of Croatian language Croatian dictionary dictionaries published before the 20th century. 16th, 17th and 18th century 1595 &ndash Faust Vran i , Dictionarium quinque nobilissimarum Europae linguarum Latinae, Italicae, Germanicae, Dalmaticae et Ungaricae the first Croatian printed dictionary in the form of a separate work . 1599 &ndash Bartol Ka i , Razlika skladanja slovinska Various Slavic compositions a Croatian&ndash Italian language Italian manuscript dictionary . 1649 &ndash Jakov Mikalja , Blago jezika slovinskoga Treasury of the Slavic language containing selected words in an idiom in which Chakavian akavian characteristics are grafted upon the main corpus of Ijekavian Shtokavian tokavian and Ikavian texts . 1670 &ndash Juraj Habdeli , Dictionar ili rechi slovenske z vexega ukup ebrane Dictionary of Kajkavian words brought together . Pavao Ritter Vitezovi , Lexicon Latino Illyricum a manuscript dictionary in which the author carried out in practice his views on the language and spelling . 1728 &ndash Ardelio della Bella, Dizionario Italiano&ndash Latino&ndash Illirico mainly based on Ragusan Republic Ragusan literary sources, but also includes akavian sources supplemented by a short grammar of the Croatian language . Adam Pata i , Dictionarium latino illyricum et germanicum manuscript dictionary . 1740 &ndash Ivan Belostenec , Gazophylacium seu latino illyricorum onomatum aerarium . a Kajkavian based monumental dictionary of 50,000 entries 1741 &ndash ... of several Croatian dictionaries which have remained in manuscript . 19th century 1801 &ndash Joakim ... oHrJeziku rjecnici.html List of Croatian dictionaries , by the Institute of Croatian Language and Linguistics ... Croatian Dictionaries http www.taktikanova.hr eh Web interface to Goran Igaly s English Croatian free ..., proverbs and examples DEFAULTSORT Croatian dictionaries Category Croatian language Category Lists of books Category Croatia related lists Dictionaries Category Dictionaries by language hr Hrvatski ... more details
This table compares modern and notable English dictionary English dictionaries . Full size class sortable wikitable border 1 cellpadding 1 cellspacing 0 style font size 85 border gray solid 1px border collapse collapse text align center width auto Dictionary Publisher Main Accent Latest Edition Pages approx. Volumes Webster s Third New International Dictionary Webster.27s Third New International Dictionary Webster s Third International Dictionary ref name mwt http www.amazon.com dp 0195392884 ref Merriam Webster American English American 3rd 2800 1 Oxford English Dictionary ref name oed http www.amazon.com dp 0198611862 ref Oxford University Press , UK ref name oed2 http www.elearnaid.com oxendic20vol.html ref British English British 2nd 22000 20 New Oxford American Dictionary ref name noad http www.amazon.com dp 0195392884 ref Oxford University Press , UK American English American 3rd 2096 1 American Heritage Dictionary ref name ahd http www.amazon.com dp 0618701737 ref Houghton Mifflin Harcourt , USA American English American 4th 2074 1 Cambridge International Dictionary of English ref name cide http www.amazon.com dp 0521484219 ref Cambridge University Press ref name cide2 http www.elearnaid.com camdicofenon.html ref International English International 1st 1792 1 Collins English Dictionary ref name ced http www.amazon.com dp 0007191537 ref HarperCollins Publishers ref name ced2 http www.bookdepository.co.uk book 9780007298464 Collins English Dictionary 30th Anniversary Edition ref British English British 7th 1920 1 Collegiate class sortable wikitable border 1 cellpadding 1 cellspacing 0 style font size 85 border gray solid 1px border collapse collapse text align center width auto Dictionary Publisher Main Accent Latest Edition Pages approx. Volumes Webster s Dictionary Merriam.E2.80.93Webster.27s Collegiate Dictionary Webster s Collegiate Dictionary ref name mwc http ... Dictionaries Category English dictionaries ref book stub ... more details
There are a large and ever growing number of biographical dictionary biographical dictionaries of women writers. These works reflect the emergence of women s literature as a flourishing field of academic study over the past few decades. The genre also draws on a much older literary tradition of biographical collections of exemplary women. This list includes biobibliographical dictionaries, in which biographical detail is provided alongside bibliographical information. The dictionaries Adelaide, Debra. Australian women writers a bibliographical guide . Pandora, 1988. ISBN 978 0863581489 Bell, Maureen, et al., eds. A biographical dictionary of English women writers 1580 1720 . Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1990. Berney, K. A., et al., eds. Contemporary women dramatists . St. James Press, 1994. Blain, Virginia, et al., eds. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English . New Haven and London Yale UP, 1990. entries for over 2700 women writing in English in various national traditions Benbow Pfalzgraf, Taryn. American Women Writers A Critical Reference Guide From Colonial Times to the Present. 2nd ed. Detroit St. James Press, 2000. Contains biographical and critical essays on 1,328 American women writers Bloom, Abigail B. Nineteenth century British women writers a bio bibliographical critical sourcebook . Greenwood Press, 2000. ISBN 978 0 313 30439 2 entries for over 90 British women writers of the nineteenth century Bloom, Harold, ed. British women fiction writers of the 19th century . Chelsea House, 1998. Bloom, Harold, ed. Caribbean women writers . Chelsea House, 1997. Bomariot, Jessica and Jeffrey W. Hunter, ed. Feminism in Literature A Gale Critical Companion. 6 vols. Farmington Hills, MI Thomson Gale, 2005. Includes timelines and entries on individual authors Vol. 1 from antiquity ... in English inc lit Category Biographical dictionaries of women writers Category Gender studies ... Lists of women writers DEFAULTSORT Biographical dictionaries of women writers ... more details
Orphan date December 2007 Wordtrans is an application to look up words in dictionaries. It is available under the GNU General Public License . It is written by Ricardo Villalba. It supports dictionaries in plain text , DICT dictionaries and dictionaries from Babylon Translator . External links http www.escomposlinux.org rvm wordtrans about en.php Category GNU Project software Compu soft stub ... more details
A conceptual dictionary also ideographic or ideological dictionary is a dictionary that groups word s by concept or semantics semantic relation instead of arranging them in alphabetization alphabetical order . Examples of conceptual dictionaries are picture dictionary picture dictionaries , thesaurus thesauri , and visual dictionary visual dictionaries . References Reflist Unsourced date December 2008 Lexicography Linguistics stub Category Dictionaries by type hr Konceptualna leksikografija ru ... more details
Freedict is a collection of free bilingual dictionaries, licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License GPL . The primary format of the dictionaries is XML complying to the Text Encoding Initiative Guidelines . Most dictionaries have databases in the DICT format. Other occasionally available formats include Stardict , zbedic, Evolutionary Dictionary and Opendict. Some Linux distribution s such as Debian provide the Freedict dictionaries as easily installable packages. StarDict can make a good front end for daily use of Freedict. As of November 2009, the project hosts http sourceforge.net projects freedict files 70 bilingual dictionaries of various sizes. The dictionaries can be used via DICT clients standalone and plugins, both locally and remotely , DICT WWW interfaces, and directly in a browser source XML CSS . External links http freedict.org Official website http sourceforge.net projects freedict SourceForge project page http www.dict.org dict.org DICT Development Group. A WWW interface to, among others, Freedict dictionaries. http packages.debian.org search?keywords freedict&searchon names&suite stable§ion all Debian packages Category English bilingual dictionaries Category Online dictionaries Category Free dictionary software Category Free content Category Translation dictionaries Category Text Encoding Initiative es Freedict fr Freedict nl Freedict ... more details
A phonetic dictionary is a dictionary that allows you to locate the word by the way it sounds. These dictionaries are useful when the spelling of a word is unknown. External Links http gabbyswordspeller.com Gabby s Wordspeller and Phonetic Dictionary Lexicography edu stub ling stub Category Dictionaries by type ... more details
Context date February 2010 A sub field dictionary is a specialized dictionary that has been designed and compiled to cover the terms of one or possibly more sub fields of a particular subject field. It is therefore a sub division of the class of dictionary called a single field dictionary . Sub field field dictionaries should be contrasted with multi field dictionaries and single field dictionaries. The typology consisting of these three dictionaries is important for a number of reasons. First of all a sub field dictionary is an example of a very specialized dictionary in that it covers only a limited part of one single subject field. Examples of sub field dictionaries are a dictionary of contract law and a dictionary of fusion welding. The main advantage of sub field dictionaries is that they can easily be maximizing dictionary maximizing dictionaries , i.e. attempt to cover as many terms of the sub field as possible without being a dictionary in several volumes. Consequently, sub fields dictionaries are ideal for extensive coverage of the linguistic and extra linguistic aspects within a particular subject field. Secondly, if the lexicographers intend to make a bilingual, maximizing sub field dictionary they will not run into the same problems with the space available for presenting the large amount of data that has to be included in the dictionary, cf. a multi field dictionary . Consequently, the best coverage of linguistic and extra linguistic aspects within the subject field covered by a dictionary will be found in a sub field dictionary. The best coverage of a subject field will then be to compile a number of sub field dictionaries that together cover the entire subject. Relevant literature Sandro Nielsen Contrastive Description of Dictionaries Covering LSP Communication . In Fachsprache International Journal of LSP 3 4 1990, 129 136. External links External links date February 2010 Lexicography DEFAULTSORT Sub Field Dictionary Category Dictionaries by type ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 A multi field dictionary is a specialized dictionary that has been designed and compiled to cover the terms within two or more subject fields. Multi field dictionaries should be contrasted with single field dictionary single field dictionaries and sub field dictionary sub field dictionaries . The typology consisting of these three dictionaries is important for a number of reasons. First of all, a multi field dictionary is an example of the ordinary technical dictionary, covering a large number of separate subject fields, e.g. banking, economics, finance, insurance and marketing. The main problem with multi field dictionaries is that they tend to cover one or two subjects extensively, whereas the vast majority of subject are only represented by a very limited number of terms. Secondly, the typical multi field dictionary tends to be a minimizing dictionary , i.e. it covers only a limited number of terms within the subjects covered. Thirdly, if the lexicographer s intend to make a bilingual, maximizing multi field dictionary they run into problems with the large amount of data that has to be included in the dictionary. Consequently, the best coverage of linguistic and extra linguistic aspects within the subject field covered by a dictionary will be found in a single field dictionary . Relevant literature Sandro Nielsen Contrastive Description of Dictionaries Covering LSP Communication . In Fachsprache International Journal of LSP 3 4 1990 , 129 136. Lexicography DEFAULTSORT Multi Field Dictionary Category Dictionaries by type ... more details
Dictionnaires Le Robert is a France French publisher of dictionary dictionaries founded by Paul Robert lexicographer Paul Robert . Monolingual French dictionaries Dictionnaires Le Robert publishes the multivolume French language French language Dictionnaire alphab tique et analogique de la langue fran aise the single volume Petit Robert dictionary various abridgments for children and students and other dictionaries of etymology , synonym s, and proverb s. Bilingual dictionaries Dictionnaires Le Robert also publishes a series of bilingual dictionary bilingual dictionaries , including English language English French dictionaries and German language German French, in collaboration with HarperCollins , and Dutch language Dutch French dictionaries, in collaboration with Van Dale . External links http www.lerobert.com Official site fr Category Book publishing companies of France es Diccionarios Le Robert fr Dictionnaires Le Robert no Dictionnaires Le Robert pl Dictionnaires Le Robert ro Dictionnaires Le Robert uk ... more details
notability Web date November 2010 Infobox Dotcom company company name Pictual.org company logo company type foundation founder location revenue ? operating income net income num employees parent company slogan url http www.pictual.org screenshot caption alexa website type Online dictionaries language English, German, French, Spanish advertising Google AdSense registration no launch date ? current status active Pictual meaning Pictures Actual is an Internet based electronic dictionary and translation dictionary initiated. Its dictionary dictionaries can be consulted free online from any web browser . Dictionaries The website hosts four free language based bilingual dictionaries . The dictionaries are characterized by providing images with the meaning facilitating translation s, understanding and memorizing. Another relevant point is the clearness of the presentatio, without an huge amount of entries and chaos. External links http www.pictual.org Pictual.org in English Category Online dictionaries Category German dictionaries ... more details
A single field dictionary is a specialized dictionary that has been designed and compiled to cover the terms of one particular subject field. Single field dictionaries should be contrasted with multi field dictionary multi field dictionaries and sub field dictionary sub field dictionaries . The typology consisting of these three dictionaries is important for a number of reasons. First of all a single field dictionary is an example of a very specialized dictionary in that it covers only one single subject field. Examples of single field dictionaries are a dictionary of law, a dictionary of economics and a dictionary of welding. The main advantage of single field dictionaries is that they can easily be maximizing dictionary maximizing dictionaries , i.e. attempt to cover as many terms of the subject field as possible without being a dictionary in several volumes. Consequently, single fields dictionaries are ideal for extensive coverage of the linguistic and extra linguistic aspects within a particular subject field. Secondly, if the lexicographers intend to make a bilingual, maximizing single field dictionary they will not run into the same problems with the space available for presenting the large amount of data that has to be included in the dictionary, cf. a multi field dictionary . Consequently, the best coverage of linguistic and extra linguistic aspects within the subject field covered by a dictionary will be found in a single field dictionary. However, even more extensive coverage is possible in a sub field dictionary . Relevant literature Sandro Nielsen Contrastive Description of Dictionaries Covering LSP Communication . In Fachsprache International Journal of LSP 3 4 1990, 129 136. External links External links date August 2010 Lexicography DEFAULTSORT Single Field Dictionary Category Dictionaries by type ... more details
Infobox Dotcom company company name Dictionaryvisual.org company logo company type Comunity foundation founder location Spain revenue operating income net income num employees parent company slogan url http www.dictionaryvisual.com screenshot caption alexa website type Online dictionaries language English, Spanish advertising registration no launch date ? current status active DictionaryVisual meaning Dictionary Visual is a comunity of users seeking a new way learn other languages. The set of words are organized into groups, categories and subcategories. Each of the words an associated pronunciation and an accurate picture. Its dictionary dictionaries can be consulted free online from any web browser . Dictionaries The website hosts four free language based bilingual dictionaries . The dictionaries are characterized by providing images with the meaning facilitating translation s, understanding and memorizing. Another relevant point is the clearness of the presentatio, without an huge amount of entries and chaos. External links http www.dictionaryvisual.com Dictionaryvisual.org in Spanish Category Online dictionaries ... more details
A maximizing dictionary attempts to include as many words as possible from a particular speech community . An example is the Oxford English Dictionary , as it attempts to lemmatize show as headword entry words as many words as possible. This is one way in which to classify dictionaries based on the number of entry words they contain and give information about, i.e. their coverage. The distinction between a maximizing dictionary and a minimizing dictionary is also important in connection with specialized dictionary specialized dictionaries . A law dictionary that contains more than 20,000 entry words is a maximizing dictionary, as it attempts to include nearly all legal terms. This should be contrasted with a law dictionary that contains 2,000 words, which is a minimizing dictionary in that it cannot reasonably be claimed to cover more than a limited number of legal terms. Further reading Sandro Nielsen Contrastive Description of Dictionaries Covering LSP Communication , in Fachsprache International Journal of LSP 3 4 1990 , 129 136 Lexicography Category Lexicography Category Dictionaries by type ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Infobox Korean name hangul hanja rr Beommunsa Minjung Seorim mr P mmunsa Minjung S rim Minjungseorim Bobmunsa, Ltd. is a Korea n publishing house company headquartered in Paju , Korea . The company specializes in Korean and foreign dictionaries that it distributes internationally. Beopmoon Minjoong publishes Korean dictionary dictionaries , English dictionary dictionaries , short stories , language books, religion religious books and other foreign dictionary dictionaries . See also List of Korea related topics Korean studies External links http www.bobmunsa.co.kr Beopmoon Minjoong Publishing House Homepage in Korean Category Book publishing companies of South Korea Category Companies established in 1952 Category Companies established in 1979 publish corp stub korea company stub ko ... more details
The Biographie Nationale de Belgique is the biographical dictionary of Belgium and its predecessor states. ref book stub Category Biographical dictionaries by country Belgium Category History of Belgium nl Biographie Nationale ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
