Chembox verifiedrevid 396325888 ImageFile DC chemical structure.png ImageSize 150px IUPACName OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 13117 InChI 1 C9H13N3O4 c10 7 1 2 12 9 15 11 7 8 3 5 14 6 4 13 16 8 h1 2,5 6,8,13 14H,3 4H2, H2,10,11,15 t5 ,6 ,8 m0 s1 InChIKey CKTSBUTUHBMZGZ SHYZEUOFBO StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C9H13N3O4 c10 7 1 2 12 9 15 11 7 8 3 5 14 6 4 13 16 8 h1 2,5 6,8,13 14H,3 4H2, H2,10,11,15 t5 ,6 ,8 m0 s1 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey CKTSBUTUHBMZGZ SHYZEUOFSA N CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 951 77 9 PubChem 637 SMILES c1cn c O nc1N C H 2C C H C H O2 CO O MeSHName Deoxycytidine Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 9 sub H sub 13 sub N sub 3 sub O sub 4 sub MolarMass 227.217 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Deoxycytidine is a deoxyribonucleoside . It is like cytidine , but with one oxygen atom removed. Please improve article Nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides Category Nucleosides Category Pyrimidones Biochemistry stub ca Desoxicitidina cs Deoxycytidin de Desoxycytidin es Desoxicitidina fr D soxycytidine nl Deoxycytidine oc Desoxicitidina pt Desoxicitidina ru sr Dezoksicitidin zh ... more details
enzyme Name deoxycytidine deaminase EC number 3.5.4.14 CAS number 37259 56 6 IUBMB EC number 3 5 4 14 GO code 0047844 image width caption In enzymology , a deoxycytidine deaminase EC number 3.5.4.14 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction deoxycytidine H sub 2 sub O math rightleftharpoons math deoxyuridine NH sub 3 sub Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are deoxycytidine and water H sub 2 sub O , whereas its two product chemistry products are deoxyuridine and ammonia NH sub 3 sub . This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolase s, those acting on carbon nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically in cyclic amidines. The systematic name of this enzyme class is deoxycytidine aminohydrolase . This enzyme participates in pyrimidine metabolism . References reflist 1 cite journal author Cohen SS date 1953 title Studies on controlling mechanisms in the metabolism of virus infected bacteria journal Cold Spring Harbour Symp. Quant. Biol. volume 18 pages 221&ndash 235 hydrolase stub Category EC 3.5.4 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
PBB geneid 1633 Deoxycytidine kinase , also known as DCK , is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the DCK gene . ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene DCK deoxycytidine kinase url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ... phosphate to deoxycytidine . Function Deoxycytidine kinase DCK is required for the phosphorylation ... to antiviral and anticancer chemotherapeutic agents. Conversely, increased deoxycytidine kinase ... phosphorylation of serine 74 of human deoxycytidine kinase favors the enzyme adopting the open conformation ... of human deoxycytidine kinase dCK implications for the development of dCK activated acyclic guanine ... Structural and kinetic characterization of human deoxycytidine kinase variants able to phosphorylate 5 substituted deoxycytidine and thymidine analogues journal Biochemistry volume 49 issue 31 pages ... Repertoire of Human Deoxycytidine Kinase journal Biochemistry volume 48 issue 6 pages ... to human deoxycytidine kinase journal J. Med. Chem. volume 51 issue 14 pages 4219 25 year ... Mimicking phosphorylation of Ser 74 on human deoxycytidine kinase selectively increases catalytic ... E, Hazra S, Konrad M, Lavie A title Nonenantioselectivity property of human deoxycytidine kinase ... of the therapeutic L nucleoside analogs 3TC and troxacitabine by human deoxycytidine kinase ... DS, Datta NS, et al. title Cloning and expression of human deoxycytidine kinase cDNA. journal Proc ... of human deoxycytidine kinase. Correlation with cDNA sequences. journal FEBS Lett. volume 280 issue ... author Spasokoukotskaja T, Arn r ES, Brosj O, et al. title Expression of deoxycytidine kinase ... 8 cite journal author Stegmann AP, Honders MW, Bolk MW, et al. title Assignment of the human deoxycytidine ..., et al. title Genomic structure and chromosomal localization of the human deoxycytidine kinase gene ... pnas.90.2.431 pmc 45676 cite journal author Johansson M, Brismar S, Karlsson A title Human deoxycytidine ... Hatzis P, Al Madhoon AS, J llig M, et al. title The intracellular localization of deoxycytidine kinase ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2006 Chembox verifiedrevid 413260782 ImageFile 2 Desoxycytidindiphosphat.svg ImageSize IUPACName OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 800 73 7 PubChem 3972 SMILES Nc1ccn C2CC O C COP O O OP O O O O2 c O n1 MeSHName deoxycytidine diphosphate Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 9 sub H sub 15 sub N sub 3 sub O sub 10 sub P sub 2 sub MolarMass 387.177 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Deoxycytidine diphosphate is a derivative of the common nucleic acid , cytidine triphosphate or CTP , in which the hydroxyl or OH group on the 2nd carbon of the nucleotide s pentose has been removed hence the deoxy part of the name. The diphosphate of the name indicates that one of the phosphorus phosphoryl groups of CTP has been removed, most likely by hydrolysis . Deoxyguanosine diphosphate would be abbreviated dCDP. See also DNA Cofactor biochemistry Cofactor Cytosine Nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides DEFAULTSORT Deoxycytidine Diphosphate Category Nucleotides Biochem stub ca Difosfat de desoxicitidina nl Deoxycytidinedifosfaat sr Dezoksicitidin difosfat zh ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 Expert subject Chemistry date November 2008 Chembox verifiedrevid 413276035 ImageFile Desoxycytidintriphosphat protoniert.svg ImageSize IUPACName OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 2056 98 6 PubChem 65091 SMILES C1C C OC1N2C CC NC2 O N COP O O OP O O OP O O O O Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 9 sub H sub 16 sub N sub 3 sub O sub 13 sub P sub 3 sub MolarMass 467.156923 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Deoxycytidine triphosphate dCTP is a nucleoside triphosphate that is used whenever DNA is synthesized, such as in the polymerase chain reaction . e.g. A chemical equation can be written that represents the process DNA sub n sub dCTP DNA sub n sub C PP sub i sub That is, dCTP has the PP sub i sub pyrophosphate cleaved off and the Deoxycytidine monophosphate dCMP is incorporated into the DNA strand at the 3 end. Subsequent hydrolysis of the PP sub i sub drives the equilibrium of the reaction toward the right side, i.e. incorporation of the nucleotide in the growing DNA chain. It is stored at 20 degrees Celsius . See also DNA Replication Nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides DEFAULTSORT Deoxycytidine Triphosphate Category Molecular biology Category Nucleotides Biochemistry stub ca Trifosfat de desoxicitidina de Desoxycytidintriphosphat nl Deoxycytidinetrifosfaat sr Dezoksicitidin trifosfat zh ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 396326056 ImageFile DCMP chemical structure.png ImageSize IUPACName OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 13343 InChI 1 C9H14N3O7P c10 7 1 2 12 9 14 11 7 8 3 5 13 6 19 8 4 18 20 15,16 17 h1 2,5 6,8,13H,3 4H2, H2,10,11,14 H2,15,16,17 t5 ,6 ,8 m0 s1 InChIKey NCMVOABPESMRCP SHYZEUOFBL StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C9H14N3O7P c10 7 1 2 12 9 14 11 7 8 3 5 13 6 19 8 4 18 20 15,16 17 h1 2,5 6,8,13H,3 4H2, H2,10,11,14 H2,15,16,17 t5 ,6 ,8 m0 s1 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey NCMVOABPESMRCP SHYZEUOFSA N CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 1032 65 1 PubChem 624 SMILES c1cn c O nc1N C H 2C C H C H O2 COP O O O O MeSHName Deoxycytidine monophosphate Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 9 sub H sub 14 sub N sub 3 sub O sub 7 sub P MolarMass 307.197 g mol Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Deoxycytidine monophosphate , also known as deoxycytidylate , or dCMP , is a deoxynucleotide , and one of the four monomer s that make up DNA . In a DNA double helix, it will base pair with deoxyguanosine monophosphate . Nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides Category Nucleotides biochem stub ca Monofosfat de desoxicitidina fr D soxycytidine monophosphate nl Deoxycytidinemonofosfaat sr Dezoksicitidin monofosfat zh ... more details
DCMP may refer to DC Motema Pembe , a football club of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Deoxycytidine monophosphate Dynamic Core Based Multicast Routing Protocol , a Multicast routing protocol disambig fr DCMP ... more details
A deoxyribonucleoside is a type of nucleoside including deoxyribose as a component. ref MeshName Deoxyribonucleosides ref An example is deoxycytidine . References reflist Nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides chem stub Category Nucleosides fr D soxyribonucl oside nl Deoxyribonucleoside sr Dezoksiribonukleozid ... more details
enzyme Name dCTP diphosphatase EC number 3.6.1.12 CAS number 9024 87 7 IUBMB EC number 3 6 1 12 GO code 0047840 image width caption lowercase In enzymology , a dCTP diphosphatase EC number 3.6.1.12 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction dCTP H sub 2 sub O math rightleftharpoons math dCMP diphosphate Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are dCTP and water H sub 2 sub O , whereas its two product chemistry products are dCMP and diphosphate . This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolase s, specifically those acting on acid anhydrides in phosphorus containing anhydrides. The systematic name of this enzyme class is dCTP nucleotidohydrolase . Other names in common use include deoxycytidine triphosphatase , dCTPase , dCTP pyrophosphatase , deoxycytidine triphosphatase , deoxy CTPase , and dCTPase . This enzyme participates in pyrimidine metabolism . References reflist 1 cite journal author Zimmerman SB and Kornberg A year 1961 title Deoxycytidine di and triphosphate cleavage by an enzyme formed in bacteriophage infected Escherichia coli journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 236 pages 1480&ndash 1486 pmid 13788541 Category EC 3.6.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure hydrolase stub ... more details
chembox ImageFile Ibacitabine.png ImageSize 200px IUPACName 4 amino 1 2R,4S,5R 4 hydroxy 5 hydroxymethyl oxolan 2 yl 5 iodopyrimidin 2 one OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 611 53 0 PubChem 65050 KEGG D07200 SMILES C1C C OC1N2C C C NC2 O N I CO O Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 9 sub H sub 12 sub IN sub 3 sub O sub 4 sub MolarMass 353.11375 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Ibacitabine or ibacitabin , ref PMID 10739980 ref or 5 iodo 2 deoxycytidine is an Antiviral drug . References reflist External links ATC D06 BB08 Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics for dermatological use dermatologic drug stub Category Antivirals Category Pyrimidones Category Organoiodides ... more details
drugbox verifiedrevid 401979446 IUPAC name 4 amino 1 2 deoxy b small D small erythro pentofuranosyl br 1,3,5 triazin 2 1 H one image Decitabine.svg ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 397844 UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII 776B62CQ27 InChI 1 C8H12N4O4 c9 7 10 3 12 8 15 11 7 6 1 4 14 5 2 13 16 6 h3 6,13 14H,1 2H2, H2,9,11,15 t4 ,5 ,6 m0 s1 smiles O C1 N C N C N1 C H 2O C H C H O C2 CO N InChIKey XAUDJQYHKZQPEU KVQBGUIXBH CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C8H12N4O4 c9 7 10 3 12 8 15 11 7 6 1 4 14 5 2 13 16 6 h3 6,13 14H,1 2H2, H2,9,11,15 t4 ,5 ,6 m0 s1 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey XAUDJQYHKZQPEU KVQBGUIXSA N CAS number 2353 33 5 ATC prefix L01 ATC suffix BC08 ATC supplemental PubChem 451668 DrugBank KEGG D03665 C 8 H 12 N 4 O 4 molecular weight 228.0859 g mol bioavailability protein bound 1 metabolism elimination half life 30 minutes pregnancy category D legal status routes of administration Intravenous therapy Intravenous Decitabine trade name Dacogen , or 5 aza 2 deoxycytidine , is a cytosine nucleoside cytidine analog. Mechanism It is a hypomethylating agent . ref name pmid16532500 cite journal author Kantarjian H, Issa JP, Rosenfeld CS, et al. title Decitabine improves patient outcomes in myelodysplastic syndromes results of a phase III randomized study journal Cancer volume 106 issue 8 pages 1794 803 year 2006 month April pmid 16532500 doi 10.1002 cncr.21792 ref ref name pmid12879469 cite journal author Kantarjian HM, O Brien S, Cortes J, et al. title Results of decitabine 5 aza 2 deoxycytidine therapy in 130 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia journal Cancer volume 98 issue 3 pages 522 8 year 2003 month August pmid 12879469 doi 10.1002 cncr.11543 ref It hypomethylates DNA by inhibiting DNA methyltransferase . It functions in a similar manner to azacitidine , although decitabine can only be incorporated into DNA strands while azacitidine can be ... more details
DAC is a three letter abbreviation with multiple uses TOCRight Culture Danish Architecture Centre Deutsche Alternative Charts , a listing of the most popular alternative albums and singles in Germany David Allan Coe , a country singer Sports Dakota Athletic Conference , an athletic conference. Daskalakis Athletic Center , the indoor sports and recreation facility for Drexel University Detroit Athletic Club , an exclusive athletic club in Detroit, MI DAC 1904 Dunajsk Streda , a slovak football team Technology Design Automation Conference , a yearly conference on electronic design automation Diamond anvil cell , an instrument used for producing very high pressures Double Acting Cylinder, a type of pneumatic cylinder Double Address Cycle , 64 bit addressing mode for DMA Digital to analog converter Discretionary Access Control is a type of access control in computer security Domain Assurance Council , a trade association started in 2006 for DKIM reputation Politics Democratic Action Congress , a political party in Trinidad and Tobago Development Assistance Committee , a sub organisation of the Organisation for Economic Co operation and Development OECD , responsible for development issues and development policies Other DAC vehicle manufacturer , a Romanian truck manufacturer Deputy Assistant Commissioner , a rank in the London Metropolitan Police Decitabine , or 5 aza 2 deoxycytidine, a DNA demethylating agent Deferred Acquisition Costs , in the insurance industry, when a company defers the sales costs that are associated with acquiring a new customer over the term of the insurance contract Districtus Austriae Controllatus , a classification for Austrian wine Star Trek DAC , a Star Trek video game Shahjalal International Airport IATA airport code DAC in Dhaka, Bangladesh Defense Ammunition Center in McAleseter, Oklahoma Mon Calamari planet Dac , the fictional Mon Calamari homeworld disambig cs DAC da DAC de DAC es DAC eo DAC fr DAC ko DAC it DAC hu DAC egy rtelm s t l ... more details
A DNA adduct is a piece of DNA covalent bond covalently bonded to a cancer causing chemical. This has shown to be the start of a cancerous cell, or carcinogenesis . DNA adducts in scientific experiments are used as biomarker s and as such are themselves measured to reflect quantitatively, for comparison, the amount of cancer in the subject, i.e. rats or other living animals. Citation needed date October 2010 Under experimental conditions for study, such DNA adducts are induced by known carcinogen s, of which commonly used is DMBA 7,12 dimethylbenz a anthracene . For example, the term DMBA DNA adduct in a scientific journal refers to a piece of DNA that has DMBA attached to it. The presence of such an adduct indicates the presence of cancer in the subject animal. Citation needed date October 2010 Examples Chemicals which form DNA adducts include acetaldehyde , is a significant constituent of tobacco smoke cisplatin binds to DNA and causes crosslinking, leading to death of the cell DMBA 7,12 dimethylbenz a anthracene malondialdehyde , a naturally occurring product of lipid peroxidation ref name martnett http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed 10064852 Lipid peroxidation DNA damage by malondialdehyde. Marnett LJ. ref DNA adducts include etheno DNA adducts 1,N 6 etheno 2 deoxyadenosine epsilondA and 3,N 4 etheno 2 deoxycytidine epsilondC By products include M1G M sub 1 sub G , a by product of base excision repair BER of a specific type of DNA adduct called M1dG. DNA Damage When a chemical bonds to DNA, the DNA becomes damaged, and proper and complete replication cannot occur to make the normal intended cell. This would be the start of a mutation, or mutagenesis, and without proper DNA repair DNA repair happens naturally under normal circumstances , this can lead to carcinogenesis, the beginnings of cancer. See also Adduct Intercalation chemistry References references DEFAULTSORT Dna Adduct Category Oncology genetics stub ru tr DNA kat m ... more details
enzyme Name dCTP deaminase EC number 3.5.4.13 CAS number 37289 18 2 IUBMB EC number 3 5 4 13 GO code 0008829 image width caption lowercase In enzymology , a dCTP deaminase EC number 3.5.4.13 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction dCTP H sub 2 sub O math rightleftharpoons math dUTP NH sub 3 sub Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are dCTP and water H sub 2 sub O , whereas its two product chemistry products are dUTP and ammonia NH sub 3 sub . This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolase s, those acting on carbon nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically in cyclic amidines. The systematic name of this enzyme class is dCTP aminohydrolase . Other names in common use include deoxycytidine triphosphate deaminase , and 5 methyl dCTP deaminase . This enzyme participates in pyrimidine metabolism . Structural studies As of late 2007, 9 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 1OGH , PDB link 1PKH , PDB link 1PKJ , PDB link 1PKK , PDB link 1XS1 , PDB link 1XS4 , PDB link 1XS6 , PDB link 2J4H , and PDB link 2J4Q . References reflist 1 cite journal author Tomita F, Takahashi I date 1969 title A novel enzyme, dCTP deaminase, found in Bacillus subtilis infected with phage PBS I journal Biochim. Biophys. Acta. volume 179 pages 18&ndash 27 pmid 4976547 issue 1 hydrolase stub Category EC 3.5.4 Category Enzymes of known structure ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Here is a table of data skip past it to edit the text. border 1 cellpadding 2 cellspacing 0 align right style margin left 1em align center valign bottom Nitrogenous base Nucleoside Deoxynucleoside align center valign Image Adenine chemical structure.png 58px Chemical structure of adenine br Adenine br Image Adenosine.png 95px Chemical structure of adenosine br Adenosine br A Image dA chemical structure.png 95px Chemical structure of deoxyadenosine br Deoxyadenosine br dA align center valign Image Guanine chemical structure.png 86px Chemical structure of guanine br Guanine br Image G chemical structure.png 123px Chemical structure of guanosine br Guanosine br G Image dG chemical structure.png 123px Chemical structure of deoxyguanosine br Deoxyguanosine br dG align center valign Image Thymine chemical structure.png 63px Chemical structure of thymine br Thymine br Image T chemical structure.png 87px Chemical structure of 5 methyluridine br 5 Methyluridine br m sup 5 sup U Image dT chemical structure.png 87px Chemical structure of thymidine br Thymidine br dT align center valign Image Uracil chemical structure.png 51px Chemical structure of uracil br Uracil br Image U chemical structure.png 87px Chemical structure of uridine br Uridine br U Image dU chemical structure.png 87px Chemical structure of deoxyuridine br Deoxyuridine br dU align center valign Image Cytosine chemical structure.png 51px Chemical structure of cytosine br Cytosine br Image C chemical structure.png 87px Chemical structure of cytidine br Cytidine br C Image dC chemical structure.png 87px Chemical structure of deoxycytidine br Deoxycytidine br dC Nucleosides are glycosylamine s consisting of a nucleobase often referred to as simply base bound to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar via a anomer beta Glycosidic bond glycosidic linkage . Examples of nucleosides include cytidine , uridine , adenosine , guanosine , thymidine and inosine . Nucleosides can be phosphorylation phosph ... more details
and its deoxy derivative, decitabine also known as 5 aza 2 deoxycytidine , are used in the treatment ... treatment 5 aza 2 deoxycytidine 5 Aza 2 Deoxycytidine information and protocols to study DNA methylation ... more details
unreferenced date February 2007 Nucleoside triphosphate NTP is a nucleoside with three phosphate s. Natural nucleoside triphosphates include adenosine triphosphate ATP , guanosine triphosphate GTP , cytidine triphosphate CTP , thymidine triphosphate TTP and uridine triphosphate UTP . These terms refer to those nucleoside triphosphates that contain ribose. The nucleoside triphosphates containing deoxyribose take prefix deoxy in their names and small d in their abbreviations deoxyadenosine triphosphate dATP , deoxyguanosine triphosphate dGTP , deoxycytidine triphosphate dCTP , deoxythimidine triphosphate dTTP and deoxyuridine triphosphate . Check the entry nucleotide for table and description of these compounds. Apart from d ATP, d GTP, d CTP, d TTP and d UTP, there are other less abundant NTPs, such as intermediates of nucleotide metabolism, but also rare natural nucleotides or even artificial nucleotides . The rare NTP are tautomeric forms of the NTPs. They cause mismatched base pairing during DNA replication. For example, a tautomeric form of cytosine is capable of forming 3 h bonds with adenine, and it will spontaneously revert to its original cytosine form, causing a mismatch. By a similar token, the deamination of cytosine leads to uracil, whereas a deamination of a commonly encountered in eukaryotes 5 methylcytosine will lead to thymine. However, the 5 to 3 DNA replication ensures that these mismatched bases are excised. Nucleotide derivatives are of unparalleled importance for current natural life forms, as they are building blocks of nucleic acid s and have thousands of other roles in cell metabolism and regulation. ATP is a major source of cellular energy. GTP is a very frequent cofactor of enzymes and proteins. NTPs generally provide energy and phosphate group for phosphorylations. Generally nucleoside s are nucleotide s e.g. adenine, guanine, cytosine... that lack phosphates. However, for the sake of technical terminology , nucleotides are given classifica ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Nucleoside analogues are a range of antiviral products used to prevent virus viral replication in infected cells. The most commonly used is Aciclovir , although its inclusion in this category is uncertain, as it contains only a partial nucleoside structure, as the pentose sugar ring is replaced by an open chain structure. Function These agents can be used against hepatitis B virus , hepatitis C virus , herpes simplex , and HIV . Once they are Phosphorylation phosphorylated , they work as antimetabolite s by being similar enough to nucleotide s to be incorporated into growing DNA strands but they act as chain terminators and stop viral DNA Polymerase. They are not specific to viral DNA and also affect mitochondrial DNA. Because of this they have side effects such as bone marrow suppression. There is a large family of reverse transcriptase inhibitor Nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors NARTIs or NRTIs nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor s, because DNA production by reverse transcriptase is very different from normal human DNA replication , so it is possible to design nucleoside analogues that are preferentially incorporated by the former. Some nucleoside analogues, however, can function both as NRTIs and polymerase inhibitors for other viruses e.g., hepatitis B . Less selective nucleoside analogues are used as chemotherapy agents to treat cancer . Resistance Resistance can develop quickly with as little as one mutation. Citation needed reason an example from the literature would be nice date March 2009 Mutations occur in the enzymes that phosphorylate the drug to activate it. Examples Nucleoside analogue drugs include deoxyadenosine analogues Didanosine ddI HIV Vidarabine chemotherapy deoxycytidine analogues Cytarabine chemotherapy Emtricitabine FTC HIV Lamivudine 3TC HIV, hepatitis B Zalcitabine ddC HIV deoxyguanosine analogues Abacavir HIV Entecavir hepatitis B deoxy thymidine analogues Stav ... more details
About Buckethead s music album the enzyme Deoxycytidine kinase Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Death Cube K Type studio Artist Death Cube K Cover DCK.jpg 225px Released Jul 18 2007 limited edition br Sep 6 2007 standard edition Genre Dark Ambient br ambient music Ambient br Experimental music Experimental Length 51 28 Label TDRS Music Producer Reviews Last album Tunnel album Tunnel br 1999 This album DCK br 2007 Next album Monolith Death Cube K album Monolith br 2007 DCK is Buckethead s fourth album under the anagram Death Cube K . The limited edition started on Jul 18 2007 ref http www.tdrsmusic.com cgi bin yabb YaBB.cgi?board TDRS action display num 1184708999 ref and ended on Aug 24 2007 ref http www.tdrsmusic.com cgi bin yabb YaBB.cgi?board TDRS action display num 1187908342 ref . The non limited version was available a few days later on Sep 6 2007 ref http www.tdrsmusic.com cgi bin yabb YaBB.cgi?board TDRS action display num 1189013081 ref . Initial copies were lettered and numbered by Buckethead, but only 400 of these were made. Later CDs came without the number but with silver DCK letters. The album doesn t have an official track listing, just coming in a plain black case with no further information. ref http www.bucketheadstoystore.net DCK limited.html ref This album is commonly mislabeled as the long awaited Torn From Black Space , released in 2009. An un official statement on the Silent Watcher Bill Laswell frequent collaborator of Buckethead and the first Death Cube K releases discography site, talked about the creation of the new label RareNoise Ltd. and the releases on this label which includes Torn From Black Space cquote Eraldo Bernocchi s new label should start in full swing in 2009. Amongst the projects being released will be a live Method of Defiance album, Death Cube K s Torn From Black Space which contrary to popular belief is NOT the CD R that TDRS released , a new Charged album and another live Somma gig. ref http www.silent ... more details
enzyme Name cytidylate kinase EC number 2.7.4.14 CAS number 37278 21 0 IUBMB EC number 2 7 4 14 GO code 0004127 image width caption In enzymology , a cytidylate kinase EC number 2.7.4.14 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP d CMP math rightleftharpoons math ADP d CDP Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are adenosine triphosphate ATP and dCMP , whereas its two product chemistry products are adenosine diphosphate ADP and dCDP . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those transferring phosphorus containing groups phosphotransferase s with a phosphate group as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP CMP phosphotransferase . Other names in common use include deoxycytidylate kinase , deoxycytidylate kinase , CMP kinase , CTP CMP phosphotransferase , dCMP kinase , deoxycytidine monophosphokinase , UMP CMP kinase , ATP UMP CMP phosphotransferase , and pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate kinase . This enzyme participates in pyrimidine metabolism . Structural studies As of late 2007, 17 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 1CKE , PDB link 1KDO , PDB link 1KDP , PDB link 1KDR , PDB link 1KDT , PDB link 1Q3T , PDB link 1QF9 , PDB link 1TEV , PDB link 1UKE , PDB link 2CMK , PDB link 2FEM , PDB link 2FEO , PDB link 2H92 , PDB link 2UKD , PDB link 3UKD , PDB link 4UKD , and PDB link 5UKD . References reflist 1 cite journal author Hurwitz J date 1959 title The enzymatic incorporation of ribonucleotides into polydeoxynucleotide material journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 234 pages 2351&ndash 2358 Boyer, P.D., Lardy, H. and Myrback, K. Eds. , The Enzymes, 2nd ed., vol. 6, Academic Press, New York, 1962, p. 139 149. cite journal author Ruffner BW Jr, Anderson EP date 1969 title Adenosine triphosphate uridine monophosphate cytidine monophosphate phosphotransferase from Tetrahymena pyriformis journal J. Bio ... more details
UMP CMP kinase and its phosphorylation of D and L form deoxycytidine analogue monophosphates journal ..., Deoxycytidine, and Their Analog Monophosphates by Human UMP CMP Kinase is Differentially Regulated ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 411950031 ImageFile Cytidin.svg ImageSize 150px IUPACName 4 & x200b amino & x200b 1 & x200b 3,& x200b 4 & x200b dihydroxy & x200b 5 & x200b hydroxymethyl & x200b tetrahydrofuran & x200b 2 & x200b yl & x200b pyrimidin & x200b 2 & x200b one OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 5940 KEGG Ref keggcite correct kegg KEGG D07769 InChI 1 C9H13N3O5 c10 5 1 2 12 9 16 11 5 8 7 15 6 14 4 3 13 17 8 h1 2,4,6 8,13 15H,3H2, H2,10,11,16 t4 ,6 ,7 ,8 m1 s1 InChIKey UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ XVFCMESIBD ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL 95606 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C9H13N3O5 c10 5 1 2 12 9 16 11 5 8 7 15 6 14 4 3 13 17 8 h1 2,4,6 8,13 15H,3H2, H2,10,11,16 t4 ,6 ,7 ,8 m1 s1 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ XVFCMESISA N CASNo 65 46 3 CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS PubChem 6175 SMILES O C1 N C N C C N1 C H 2O C H C H O C H 2O CO MeSHName Cytidine Section2 Chembox Properties C 9 H 13 N 3 O 5 MolarMass 243.217 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Cytidine is a nucleoside molecule that is formed when cytosine is attached to a ribose ring also known as a ribofuranose via a N sub 1 sub glycosidic bond . Cytidine is a component of RNA . If cytosine is attached to a deoxyribose ring, it is known as a deoxycytidine . Dietary sources of cytidine Dietary sources of cytidine include foods with high RNA ribonucleic acid content, ref name Jonas cite journal author Jonas DA, Elmadfa I, Engel KH, et al. title Safety considerations of DNA in food journal Ann Nutr Metab. volume 45 issue 6 pages 235 54 year 2001 pmid 11786646 url http content.karger.com produktedb produkte.asp?typ fulltext&file anm45235 doi 10.1159 000046734 ref such as organ meats, Brewer s yeast, as well as pyrimide rich foods such as beer. During digestion, RNA rich foods are broken down into ribosyl pyrimidines ... more details
PBB geneid 60489 DNA dC dU editing enzyme APOBEC 3G APOBEC 3G also known as APOBEC related cytidine deaminase ARCD is a human enzyme encoded by the APOBEC3G gene that belongs to the APOBEC superfamily of proteins. ref name pmid12167863 cite journal author Sheehy AM, Gaddis NC, Choi JD, Malim MH title Isolation of a human gene that inhibits HIV 1 infection and is suppressed by the viral Vif protein journal Nature volume 418 issue 6898 pages 646 50 year 2002 month August pmid 12167863 doi 10.1038 nature00939 url issn ref APOBEC 3G interferes with the replication of HIV and other retrovirus es. This family of proteins has been suggested to play an important role in innate anti viral immunity medical immunity . ref name pmid16557012 cite journal author Takaori A title Antiviral defense by APOBEC3 family proteins language Japanese journal Uirusu volume 55 issue 2 pages 267 72 year 2005 month December pmid 16557012 doi 10.2222 jsv.55.267 url issn ref APOBEC3G and other proteins in the same family are able to act as Activation Induced Cytidine Deaminase s AID . These proteins are able to induce numerous deoxycytidine to deoxyuridine mutations in the first strand DNA Strand direction negative strand of the HIV DNA primarily expressed as complementary DNA cDNA . The hypermutation ultimately destroys the coding and replicative capacity of the virus, resulting in many inviable virions. Lentiviruses such as HIV have evolved the Viral infectivity factor Vif protein in order to counteract this effect. Vif interacts with APOBEC3G and triggers the ubiquitination and degradation of APOBEC3G via the proteasomal pathway. ref name pmid18499212 cite journal author Donahue JP, Vetter ML, Mukhtar NA, D Aquila RT title The HIV 1 Vif PPLP motif is necessary for human APOBEC3G binding and degradation journal Virology volume 377 issue 1 pages 49 53 year 2008 month July pmid 18499212 doi 10.1016 j.virol.2008.04.017 url issn pmc 2474554 ref APOBEC3G has a much weaker antiviral effect when its a ... more details
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