A DataDefinitionLanguage or Data Description Language DDL is a computer language for defining data ... ar de DataDefinitionLanguage es Lenguaje de definici n de datos eu Datuak definitzeko lengoaia fr Langage de d finition de donn es it DataDefinitionLanguage nl DataDefinitionLanguage ja pl Create SQL pt Linguagem de defini o de dados ru DataDefinitionLanguage uk DDL ... schema schema of the database was written in a Data Description Language describing the records, fields, and sets making up the user Data Model . Later it was used to refer to a subset of SQL, but is now used in a generic sense to refer to any formal language for describing data or information structures, like XML schema s. SQL Unlike many data description languages, SQL uses a collection ... can generate a DDL file for an existing database. See also Data Manipulation LanguageData Control Language External links http aspxtutorial.com post 2010 07 01 MS SQL How to change the data type of a column using query.aspx How to change data type of a column MS SQL How to change data type of a column ..., so the DDL is not truly a separate language. The most commonly encountered statement is CREATE ... of a database transaction transaction and thus they may be rollback data management rolled back . CREATE ... code . Column Definitions A comma separated list consisting of any of the following Column definition column name data type NULL NOT NULL column options Primary key definition PRIMARY KEY comma separated column list CONSTRAINTS CONSTRAINT constraint definition relational database management system ... inside of a database transaction transaction and thus be rollback data management rolled back . The typical ... some or all data from a table while leaving the table itself in the database, whereas a code DROP ... ddlutils Apache DdlUtils is a small, easy to use component for working with Database Definition DDL files. These are XML files that contain the definition of a database schema, e.g. tables ... more details
In metadata , a data element definition is a human readable phrase or sentence associated with a data element within a data dictionary that describes the meaning or semantics of a data element. Data element definitions are critical for external users of any data system. Good definitions can dramatically ease the process of mapping one set of data into another set of data. This is a core feature of distributed ... guidelines for creating precise data element definitions. Specifically chapter four of the ISO IEC 11179 metadata registry standard covers data element definition quality standards http standards.iso.org ... that could be improved Here is the definition of person data element as defined in the www.w3c.org ... not help most readers and needs to be clarified. Here is the definition of the Person Data Element ... when creating high quality data element definitions. Properties of Clear Definitions A good definition is Precise The definition should use words that have a precise meaning. Try to avoid words that have multiple meanings or multiple word sense s. Concise The definition should use the shortest description possible that is still clear. Non Circular The definition should not use the term you are trying to define in the definition itself. This is known as a circular definition. Distinct The definition should differentiate a data element from other data elements. This process is called disambiguation. Unencumbered The definition should be free of embedded rationale, functional usage, domain information, or procedural information. A data element definition is a required property when adding data elements to a metadata registry . Definitions should not refer to terms or concepts that might ... definitions. If you are creating a large number of data elements, all the definitions should be consistent ... definition for the term dramatic play . Fewer definitions in a chosen word s dictionary entry is preferable ... people do have an intuitive understanding of what a person is, the definition has much room for improvement ... more details
Report DefinitionLanguage RDL is a standard proposed by Microsoft for defining reports. RDL is an XML application primarily used with Microsoft SQL Server Reporting Services . RDL is usually written using Visual Studio , although there are also third party tools it may also be created or edited by hand in a text editor. SQL Server Reporting Services or other 3rd party reporting frameworks use RDL to define charts, graphs, calculations, text, images through links and other report objects and render them in a variety of formats. There are three high level sections in a typical RDL file Page style The objects to display including fields, images, graphs, tables. Field definitions The extended attributes of fields which are populated with formulas, dynamic data, or Database derived data. Parameters and Database connections Parameters that may be furnished by the user or passed in from another application and database connections and queries for pulling data into the report. External links http msdn.microsoft.com en us library dd297486.aspx Report DefinitionLanguage Specification Category XML based standards Category Microsoft database software de Report DefinitionLanguage ru Report DefinitionLanguage ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2006 Object DefinitionLanguage ODL is the specification language defining the interface to object types conforming to the ODMG Object Model . Often abbreviated by the acronym ODL . This language s purpose is to define the structure of an Entity relationship diagram . The Language Class Declarations Interface name elements attributes, relationships, methods Element Declarations attributes type name relationships rangetype name Example Type Date Tuple year, day, month Type year, day, month integer Class manager attributes id string unique name string phone string set employees Tuple Employee , Start Date Date Class Employee attributes id string unique name string Start Date Date manager Manager See also ODMG Object Data Management Group OQL Object Query Language Category Object oriented programming Category Data modeling Compu lang stub ja pl Object DefinitionLanguage ... more details
Multiple issues notability September 2008 unreferenced April 2010 Dungeon DefinitionLanguage DDL was created in the summer of 1981 by Bruce Adler, Chris Kostanick, Michael Stein, Michael Urban, and Warren Usui, members of the University of California, Los Angeles Computer Club UCLA CC . DDL is object oriented untyped objects and uses a Lisp programming language Lisp like syntax DDL is the forerunner of the Adventure DefinitionLanguage Adventure DefinitionLanguage ADL . See also aardvark 6 man page in 4.2BSD NAME aardvark yet another exploration game SYNOPSIS usr games aardvark DESCRIPTION Aardvark is yet another computer fantasy simulation game of the adventure zork genre. This one is written in DDL Dungeon DefinitionLanguage and is intended primarily as an example of how to write a dungeon in DDL. ... Category Interactive fiction Category Video game creation software Category Text adventure game engines ... more details
Microsoft Interface DefinitionLanguage MIDL is a text based interface description language by Microsoft , based on the DCE RPC IDL which it extends for use with the Microsoft Component Object Model . Its compiler is also called MIDL. See also Object Description Language External links http msdn2.microsoft.com en us library aa367091.aspx MSDN Reference Windows stub compu lang stub Category Microsoft development tools Category Component based software engineering Category Microsoft application programming interfaces Category Object oriented programming Category Object models ru Microsoft Interface DefinitionLanguage ... more details
Adventure DefinitionLanguage ADL is a system for writing text adventures. It was created by Ross Cunniff and Tim Brengle in 1987. It is available with source code in C. ADL is semi object oriented with Lisp programming language Lisp like syntax and is a superset of Dungeon DefinitionLanguage DDL . ADL currently runs on Amiga , Atari ST , PC DOS , VAX and Unix . See also Professional Adventure Writer The Quill External links http adl.sourceforge.net Category Interactive fiction Category Video game creation software Category Text adventure game engines ... more details
The Assertion DefinitionLanguage ADL is a specification language providing a formal grammar to specify behaviour and interfaces for computer software . ADL uses function pre and post conditions to specify interfaces, and is designed to provide an intermediary between informal English language specifications and formal programmatic test specifications. Tool support exists both to convert ADL specifications into natural language, and to generate test systems against which implementation code can be verified. ADL is developed cooperatively by The Open Group and SunTest of Sun Microsystems . See also Formal methods Formal specification External links http adl.opengroup.org about ADL Homepage Category Formal specification languages compu lang stub ... more details
In software development , Java Interface DefinitionLanguage , or Java IDL , is an implementation of the CORBA specification and enables interoperability and connectivity with heterogeneous Object computer science objects . It is basically an Object Request Broker provided with Java Development Kit JDK . The Java IDL enables distributed Web applications to transparently invoke operations on remote network services using the industry standards Interface description language IDL and IIOP from Object Management Group OMG . External links http java.sun.com products jdk idl Sun Developer Network Core Java Java IDL Category Java programming language software stub es Java IDL ... more details
Document Definition Markup Language DDML is an XML schema language proposed in 1999 by various contributors from the xml dev electronic mailing list . It was published only as a W3C Note, not a Recommendation, and never found favor with developers. DDML began as XSchema , a reformulation of XML Document Type Definition DTD s as full XML documents, so that elements and attributes, rather than declarations, could be used to describe a schema. As development continued, the name was changed to DDML, reflecting a shift away from the goal of replicating all DTD functionality, in order to concentrate on providing a robust framework for describing basic element attribute hierarchy. DDML offered no datatype s or functionality beyond what DTDs already provided, so there was not much advantage to using DDML instead of DTDs. DDML did, however, inform the development of the next generation of XML based schema languages, including the more successful XML Schema W3C XML Schema and RELAX NG . External links http www.w3.org TR NOTE ddml The DDML specification W3C Note Category XML markup languages Category XML based standards Compu network stub Markup languages stub ... more details
Refimprove date September 2009 The Planning Domain DefinitionLanguage PDDL is an attempt to standardize Automated planning and scheduling planning domain and problem description languages. It was developed mainly to make the 1998 2000 International Planning Competition s possible. It was first developed by Drew McDermott in 1998 and later evolved with each International Planning Competition. The latest version of this language is http ipc.informatik.uni freiburg.de PddlExtension PDDL3.1 . Planning tasks specified in PDDL are separated into two files A domain file for predicates and actions A problem file for objects, initial states and goal specifications. PDDL also supports preference based planning . Opt is a successor to PDDL. ref name dvm http cs www.cs.yale.edu homes dvm Drew McDermott ref References reflist Category Automated planning and scheduling compu lang stub ... more details
for each D or DS. Primitive Data Types A set of primitive data type, such as integer, real, date, ..., shall be provided. Composite Data Types Composite data types, as color histogram s, RGB ... a mechanism to relate Ds to data of multiple media types, not necessarily of the same nature. Various .... Relationships between description and data A rich model for links and references between on or more descriptions and the described data shall be supplied. Link to ontologies A link mechanism between ... more details
Summary Information Description An illustration of the basic concepts involved in the definition of a distributed data flow. Source I created this work entirely by myself. Date April 30, 2009 Author Krzysztof Ostrowski other versions Licensing self cc by 3.0 ... more details
Orphan date May 2009 ASDL is also a common misspelling of ADSL . Abstract Type and Scheme DefinitionLanguage ASDL is a computer language developed as part of ESPRIT project GRASPIN , as a basis for generating language based editors and environments. It combines an object oriented type system, syntax directed translatio n schemes and a target language interface . References ASDL An Object Oriented Specification Language for Syntax Directed Environments , M.L. Christ Neumann et al., European Software Eng Conf, Strasbourg, Sept 1987, pp.77 85 cite journal last Kramer first Bernd coauthors Heinz Wilhelm Schmidt date January, 1989 title Developing Integrated Environments with ASDL journal IEEE Software publisher IEEE Computer Society Press location Los Alamitos, CA, USA volume 6 issue 1 pages 98 107 url http en.wikipedia.org w index.php?title Abstract Type and Scheme Definition Language&action edit accessdate 2008 06 11 doi 10.1109 52.16907 FOLDOC Category Domain specific programming languages compu lang stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Data exchange languages are formal language s specifically designed to support the communication of data and metadata . There are two kinds of data exchange languages Markup languages work with embedded data structuring mark up, while data model based languages apply pre defined standardised data models. Examples of the first category languages include JSON , YAML and REBOL Datadefinition and exchange REBOL . Examples of the second category are the ISO STEP application protocols ISO 10303 and ISO 13584 with dedicated fixed data models and ISO 10303 221, ISO 15926 and the Gellish language with flexible multi purpose data models. The latter two combine a generic data model where the domain specific concepts are defined in an extensible accompanying dictionary or vocabulary of concepts in which the concepts are arranged in a taxonomy . Programming language s such as JavaScript also provide direct support for the exchange of data. Some data exchange languages, such as XML and REBOL Datadefinition and exchange REBOL , support dialecting , the definition of domain specific sublanguages. See also Electronic Data Interchange DEFAULTSORT Data Exchange Language Category Formal languages Category Computer languages ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 A Data Control Language DCL is a computer language and a subset of SQL , used to control access to data in a database. Examples of DCL commands include Grant SQL GRANT to allow specified users to perform specified tasks. Revoke SQL REVOKE to cancel previously granted or denied permissions. The following privileges can be GRANTED TO or REVOKED FROM a user or role Connect SQL CONNECT Select SQL SELECT Insert SQL INSERT Update SQL UPDATE Delete SQL DELETE Execute SQL EXECUTE Usage SQL USAGE In Oracle database Oracle , executing a DCL command issues an implicit Commit data management commit . In PostgreSQL , executing DCL is transactional, and can be rolled back. See also DataDefinitionLanguageData Manipulation Language Databases Category Data modeling Category SQL Database stub Compu lang stub ar de Data Control Language es Lenguaje de Control de Datos fr Langage de contr le de donn es it Data Control Language nl Data Control Language ja pt Linguagem de controle de dados ru DCL uk DCL zh ... more details
CRUD DataDefinitionLanguageData Control Language References cite web url http www.contrib.andrew.cmu.edu ...Refimprove date June 2009 Data Manipulation Language DML is a family of computer language s used by computer programs and or database users to insert, delete and update data in a database . Read only querying, i.e. code lang sql SELECT code , of this data may be considered to be either part of DML or outside it, depending on the context. Currently the most popular data manipulation language is that of SQL , which is used to retrieve and manipulate data in a Relational database . ref name SQL92 SQL92 ... such as IDMS , and others. Data Manipulation Language comprises the SQL data change statements, ref name SQL92, statements by function which modify stored data but not the schema or database objects ... web title Data Manipulation Language Statements url http download.oracle.com docs cd B19306 01 server.102 b14220 sqlplsql.htm i18503 publisher Oracle Database Oracle quote Data manipulation language DML statements query or manipulate data in existing schema objects. ref Most SQL database implementations ... Data modeling Category SQL ar ca DML de Data Manipulation Language es Lenguaje ... Manipulation Language nl Data Manipulation Language ja pl Data Manipulation Language pt Linguagem de manipula o de dados ru DML sq Data Manipulation Language DML uk DML zh ... by function ref rather than the data stored within them, is considered to be part of a separate DataDefinitionLanguage . In SQL these two categories are similar in their detailed syntax, data types, expressions etc., but distinct in their overall function. ref name SQL92, statements by function Data ... data statements ref name SQL92, statements by function and so is considered by the standard to be outside ... it manipulates i.e. modifies data. In common practice though, this distinction is not made and code ..., languages. Examples of these are Oracle Database Oracle s PL SQL and IBM DB2 DB2 s SQL PL. Data ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 In computing a data structured language is a computer programming programming programming languagelanguage in which the dataData structure structure is a main organizing principle, Knowledge representation representation , model, for data and logic Code computer programming code alike, in which both are stored and operated upon, i.e., program data and logic are structured and operated on in the same way, by the same representation. These are generally well suited ... naturally fit the language s data structure. Where this occurs, programming may become trivial. For those problems which do not naturally fit a language s data structure, programming may be no easier or even harder than in other languages. In Computer program programs written in some data structured languages, when an instance occurs of the type of data representation which forms the basis of the language ..., modules, etc. Variants Three main classes of data structured languages exist, determined by the type of data structure on which they are based. Array programming Array based APL programming language APL J programming language J List computing List based Joy programming language Joy Lisp programming language Lisp Paul Graham computer programmer Arc Common Lisp Dylan programming language Dylan Emacs Lisp InterLisp Logo programming language Logo Scheme programming language Scheme ZetaLisp Tcl TRAC programming language TRAC Stack oriented programming language Stack based open stacks Forth programming language Forth Factor programming language Factor Poplog via its implementation language POP 11 PostScript Some languages can statically link data inline with instructions. These can be considered data structured, in the most primitive way. Some Assembly language s can do this. Programming language DEFAULTSORT Data Structured Language Category Data structured programming languages Compu ... on consistency exists in some Object oriented programming language object oriented language s, called ... more details
Notability date February 2011 Unreferenced date February 2011 Infobox software name GNU DataLanguage logo Image Gdl logo.png GDL logo screenshot Image Gdl screenshot.png 250px caption GDL rendering the Mandelbrot set developer Marc Schellens released 2004 latest release version 0.9 latest release date release date 2010 08 30 programming language C platform POSIX , Mac OS X status Active genre List of numerical analysis software Technical computing license GNU General Public License website http gnudatalanguage.sourceforge.net gnudatalanguage.sourceforge.net The GNU DataLanguage GDL is a free implementation of IDL programming language IDL Interactive DataLanguage . It has full syntax compatibility with IDL 7.1. Parts of the 8.0 language elements are supported as well FOREACH loop, negative array indices, garbage collection pointers and objects, call methods on an object using . e. g. object.aMemberProcedure,arg1 . Despite its name, GDL is not an official List of GNU packages GNU package . See also Portal Free software GNU External links Official website http gnudatalanguage.sourceforge.net http hesperia.gsfc.nasa.gov colinux Running the GNU DataLanguage on coLinux Ohloh project id gnudatalanguage Linux packages http aur.archlinux.org packages.php?ID 2493 ArchLinux , http packages.debian.org gnudatalanguage Debian , http koji.fedoraproject.org koji packageinfo?packageID 1830 Fedora , http packages.gentoo.org package dev lang gdl Gentoo , http packages.ubuntu.com gnudatalanguage Ubuntu , BSD OSX ports http pdb.finkproject.org pdb package.php gdl Fink , http www.freebsd.org cgi cvsweb.cgi ports science gnudatalanguage FreeBSD , http trac.macports.org browser trunk dports math ... List of IDL 6.1 routines available in GDL DEFAULTSORT Gnu DataLanguage Category Free software programmed in C Category GNU Project software Datalanguage Category Numerical programming languages compu lang stub fr GNU DataLanguage ... more details
DataLanguage Interface DataLanguage I, DL I, DataLanguage Interface, DataLanguage One ref cite web url http www 03.ibm.com servers eserver zseries zvse products database.html dli title IBM z VSE Products and components publisher IBM accessdate 2009 06 27 ref is the language system used to access International Business Machines IBM s Information Management System IMS database s, and its data communication system. It is implemented from any language by making calls to a software stub, DFSLI000. This stub has entry points to handle a variety of programming languages e.g. calling CBLTDLI from a COBOL program. This stub is linked to the calling program, passes on the request to the IMS system, and returns the results and a status code. In any full function IMS database, the smallest element that can be retrieved is a segment . Each segment is made up of fields , one of which, typically, will be a key field. The segments are arranged hierarchically in the database, the highest level segment type being a root segment. 255 different segment types, on up to 15 levels, are allowed in any database. A database record consists of a specific root segment and all its dependent child segments &mdash there is no limit to the number of segments in a record, or to the number of records in a database apart from physical limitations of storage space . The structure of any database is presented to the application program as a PCB Program Control Block , and this is used as one of the parameter ... Get Next , REPL Replace , and ISRT Insert . With PL I, due to the way this language does ... would then automatically wait till the requested data was retrieved and placed in the Segment Area. The status ... topics ceglasm0401.html Basic DL I database concepts Category Data structured programming languages Category IBM software DataLanguage One es DataLanguage Interface it IBM DataLanguage One DL 1 ja DL I ... more details
Data Format Description Language DFDL, often pronounced daff o dil is a modeling language from the Open Grid Forum for describing general text and binary data. A DFDL model or schema allows any text or binary data to be read or parsed from its native format and to be presented as an instance of an information set. The same DFDL schema also allows data to be taken from an instance of an information ... capability for handling out of band data A built in expression language including variables to model ... the modeling of non XML data. One of the results of this is that is very easy to use DFDL to convert general text and binary data, via a DFDL information set, into a corresponding XML document. br br It is important to note that DFDL is descriptive and not prescriptive . DFDL is not a data format, nor does it impose the use of any particular data format. DFDL allows an application to design an appropriate data representation according to its requirements, and for that format to be described in a standard way so that multiple programs can directly interchange the data. br History DFDL was created in response to a need for grid APIs to be able to understand data regardless of source. A language was needed capable of modeling a wide variety of existing text and binary data formats. A http www.ogf.org ... which later became the Open Grid Forum in 2003 to create a specification for such a language. br br A decision was made early on to base the language on a subset of W3C XML Schema , using xs appinfo ... and evolves it into an open standard capable of describing many text or binary data formats ... of DFDL processors that can parse and serialize data using DFDL schemas are in progress. br Example Take as an example the following text data stream which gives the name, age and location of a person br pre Joe Bloggs,46,Hampshire,England pre br The logical model for this data can be described ... of the data stream, DFDL augments the XML schema fragment with annotations on the xs element ... more details
data modeling modeling languagelanguage for Product business product data. EXPRESS is formalized ... DEFAULTSORT Express Data Modeling Language Category Data modeling Category ISO standards fr Express yo EXPRESS data modeling language ... 10303 11. ref ISO 10303 11 2004 Industrial automation systems and integration Product data representation and exchange Part 11 Description methods The EXPRESS language reference manual ref Overview Data model s formally define data object s and relationships among data objects for a domain of interest. Some typical applications of data models include supporting the development of database s and enabling the exchange of data for a particular area of interest. Data models are specified in a data modeling language. ref name MRM99 Michael R. McCaleb 1999 . http nvl.nist.gov pub nistpubs jres 104 4 html j44mac.htm apa A Conceptual Data Model of Datum Systems . National Institute of Standards and Technology. August 1999. ref EXPRESS is a data modeling language defined in ISO 10303 11, the EXPRESS Language Reference Manual. ref ISO International Standard 10303 11 1994, Industrial automation systems and integration Product data representation andexchange Part 11 Description methods The EXPRESS language reference manual, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland 1994 . ref An EXPRESS data model can be defined in two ways, textually and graphically. For formal verification ... to programming languages such as Pascal programming language Pascal . Within a SCHEMA various datatypes ... model s. ref http www.steptools.com support stdev docs devtools devtools 7.html 4 EXPRESS G Language Overview . Accessed 9 Nov 2008. ref It is a useful companion to the EXPRESS language for displaying ... G notation, consult Annex B of the EXPRESS Language Reference Manual ISO 10303 11 ref This graphical notation supports a subset of the EXPRESS language. One of the advantages of using EXPRESS G over ... more details
Infobox programming language name Perl DataLanguage PDL paradigm Array programming Array released Start ... release version 2.4.7 latest release date Aug 19, 2010 influenced by APL programming language APL , Interactive DataLanguage IDL , Perl operating system Cross platform license GNU General Public ... analysis software External links http pdl.perl.org PDL The Perl DataLanguage http www.perlmonks.org ... is a set of array programming extensions to the Perl Perl programming language . PDL is an extension to Perl v5, intended for scientific and other data intensive programming tasks. Perl s data structures are intended for small to medium sized analysis tasks they embody simple data structures and include ... more structured data, and PDL supplies this need by including more traditional Array data structure ... Perl, PDL is free software . Language design PDL is a vectorized array programming language the expression ... in the footsteps of the APL programming language , and it has been compared to commercial languages such as MATLAB and Interactive DataLanguage , and to other free languages such as NumPy and GNU Octave Octave.2C the language Octave . Unlike MATLAB and IDL, PDL allows great flexibility in indexing ... array, passing it a 3 D data cube will generally cause the same operation to happen to each 2 D layer ... 2005, PDL like functionality is being included in the Perl 6 language design. Graphics Image Pdl plot.png thumb 200px right A plot generated using PDL True to the glue language roots of Perl, PDL borrows ... plotting and rendering. I O PDL provides facilities to read and write many open data formats, including ... to read and write data in hundreds of standard and niche file formats. perldl An installation of PDL ... for code print code . Implementation The core of PDL is written in C programming language C . Most ... C snippets and interfaces them with the perl host language via Perl s XS Perl XS compiler. Some ... in PDL itself. PP is available to the user to write C language extensions to PDL. There is also ... more details
of Object computer science object s and type theory on the relational model of data including a comprehensive ... , Massachusetts MA language isbn 0 201 30978 5 oclc 38431501 doi id LCCN 98 0 10364 LCC QA76.9.D3 ... a detailed study of the impact of type theory on the relational model of data, including a comprehensive ... Reading , Massachusetts MA language isbn 0 201 70928 7 oclc 43662285 doi id LCCN 00 0 35527 LCC ... Rel An Implementation of Date and Darwen s Tutorial D database language. http duro.sourceforge.net ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Data Access Language , or simply DAL , was a SQL like language parser released by Apple Computer in 1990 to provide unified client server access to database management system s. It was known for poor performance and high costs, something Apple did little to address over its short lifetime at Apple. DAL was later sold off in the early 1990s. DAL is used as the native SQL dialect of the PrimeBase SQL server, as well as the now defunct Butler SQL . History DAL started as a 3rd party product, CL 1 Connectivity Language One , from a small vendor, Network Innovations. Apple purchased the company in 1988, about the time that client server databases were becoming a hot issue in the industry. They released their first version of the re branded software in 1989, for MVS , and followed with other versions over the next year or so. DAL suffered from most Apple problems of the early 1990s, notably an alternating level of support in which Apple would aggressively promote the product and then ignore it. DAL s release was also coincident with Apple s fall from grace in the business world, and not coincidentally with Microsoft s ODBC efforts. DAL appears to have seen little use, and eventually Apple sold it to tiny Independence Technologies in 1994, during a sell off of a number of high end packages such as their X.400 server and an Systems Network Architecture SNA client. In 1995 BEA Systems bought the company, and in turn sold it to Uniprise in late 1996. During this period it was basically a dead product. Description Like Oracle s PL SQL or Microsoft s Transact ... s DAL interpreter broke down the statement and re built it into subqueries for the underlying data ... approach is that more network bandwidth is used up to pull the raw data to the client machine for processing ... was later rolled into a single ODBC like driver layer, the Data Access Manager DAM . DAM was ODBC ... PBT and is fully backward compatible with DAL. Their architecture does not include Data ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
