Consumerethnocentrism is derived from the more general psychology psychological concept of ethnocentrism ... earlier sociological theories of in groups and out groups Shimp & Sharma, 1987 . Ethnocentrism, it is consistently found, is normal for an in group to an out group Jones, 1997 Ryan & Bogart, 1997 . Consumerethnocentrism specifically refers to ethnocentric views held by consumer s in one country, the in group ... et al., 1991 Sharma, Shimp, & Shin, 1995 Shimp & Sharma, 1987 . Attributes Consumerethnocentrism ... consumerethnocentrism among car buyers in the U.S. and found a strong positive relationship between high ethnocentrism and country based bias in the evaluation of automobile s. Consumers with low ethnocentrism appeared to evaluate automobiles based more on the merits of the actual automobile rather than its country of origin. Brodowsky suggests that understanding consumerethnocentrism is critical in understanding country of origin effects. Several antecedents of consumerethnocentrism have ... of consumerethnocentrism may vary from country to country and culture to culture. In Turkey, patriotism was found to be the most important motive for consumerethnocentrism. This, it was theorized ... of superiority and dominance appeared to provide the most important contribution to consumerethnocentrism. The CETSCALE Shimp and Sharma 1987 developed consumerethnocentrism into a measurable construct through the use of the consumer ethnocentric tendencies scale CETSCALE . The initial development ..., S., Shimp, T. A., & Shin, J. 1995 . Consumerethnocentrism A test of antecedents and moderators ... of Euro Marketing, 5 1 , 57 82. DEFAULTSORT ConsumerEthnocentrism Category Ethnocentrism Category Consumer ... as a measure of consumer ethnocentricity. Since that time, the CETSCALE has been used in many studies in many different countries and cultures. See also Ethnic nepotism Ethnocentrism References ..., patriotism and internationalism on consumer ethnocentric tendencies. Journal of International ... more details
Americentrism Consumerethnocentrism Cross cultural communication Cultural bias Cultural competence ...Ethnocentrism is the tendency to believe that one s ethnic or cultural group is centrally important, and that all other groups are measured in relation to one s own. The ethnocentric individual will judge other groups relative to his or her own particular ethnic group or culture, especially with concern to language , behavior, customs, and religion . These ethnic distinctions and sub divisions serve to define each ethnicity s unique cultural identity . ref cite book title Sociology Understanding a Diverse Society author Margaret L. Andersen, Howard Francis Taylor publisher Thomson Wadsworth isbn 0534617166 url http books.google.com ?id LP9bIrZ9xacC&pg PA67 year 2006 ref Origins of the concept and its study The term ethnocentrism was coined by William G. Sumner , upon observing the tendency for people to differentiate between the ingroup and others. He defined it as the technical name for the view of things in which one s own group is the center of everything, and all others are scaled and rated with reference to it. ref name MertonSztompka1996 cite book author1 Robert King Merton authorlink Robert K. Merton editor Piotr Sztompka title On social structure and science url http books.google.com books?id vQWgLH1fZ2EC&pg PA248 year 1996 publisher University of Chicago Press isbn 9780226520704 ... Boas and Bronislaw Malinowski argued that any human science had to transcend the ethnocentrism ... in order to overcome their ethnocentrism. Boas developed the principle of cultural relativism and Malinowski ... A 2011 paper in PNAS suggested that ethnocentrism may be mediated by the oxytocin hormone. It found ... content early 2011 01 06 1015316108 Oxytocin promotes human ethnocentrism, Proceedings of the National ..., V., Falger, V., & Vine, I. Eds. 1987 . The Sociobiology of Ethnocentrism. Athens, GA University ... Ethnicity Category Ethnocentrism Category Cultural geography Category Sociology of culture ar ... more details
About consumers in economics and law consumers in biology Consumers food chain Consumer is a broad label ... system economy . The concept of a consumer occurs in different contexts, so that the usage and significance of the term may vary. In economics and marketing The consumer is the one who consumes ... when business people and economists talk of consumers they are talking about person as consumer ... backlash from the public over use of the label consumer rather than customer , with many finding it offensive and derogatory. ref http mistinthegarden.com 2009 02 04 dont call me a consumer Dead link date March 2010 ref In law and politics The law primarily uses the notion of consumer in relation to consumer protection laws, and the definition of consumer is often restricted to living persons ... title Consumer protection and the law a dictionary publisher ABC CLIO year 1995 isbn 978 0 87436 749 2 ref A typical legal rationale for protecting the consumer is based on the notion of policing market failures and inefficiencies, such as inequalities of bargaining power between a consumer and a business ... Analysis of Consumer Law accessdate 2007 01 29 publisher Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational ... 35 01 overby.htm archivedate March 2, 2007 ref As of all potential voters are also consumers, consumer ... also spawned much activism, as well as incorporation of consumer education into school curricula. Citation needed date March 2010 There are also various non profit publications, such as Consumer Reports and Choice Magazine , dedicated to assist in consumer education and decision making, and Consumer Direct in the UK. In India, the Consumer Protection Act 1986 clearly differentiates a consumer as consuming ... a 23 consumer customer.htm title Consumer vs Customer publisher Consumerdaddy.com accessdate 2010 03 10 quote The consumer protection act 1986 of India, is a little more generous with the word Consumer . According to this law, consumer is not only a person who uses the product for domestic ... more details
Consumer to consumer C2C or citizen to citizen electronic commerce involves the electronically facilitated transactions between consumers through some third party. A common example is the online auction , in which a consumer posts an item for sale and other consumers bid to purchase it the third party generally charges a flat fee or Commission remuneration commission . The sites are only intermediaries, just there to match consumers. They do not have to check quality of the products being offered. Consumer to consumer C2C marketing is the creation of a product or service with the specific promotional strategy being for consumers to share that product or service with others as brand advocates based on the value of the product. The investment into concepting and developing a top of the line product or service that consumers are actively looking for is equatable to a Business to consumer B2C pre launch product awareness marketing spend. Examples of C2C eBay Taobao Craigslist This type of e commerce is expected to increase in the future because it cuts out the costs of using another company. An example cited in Management Information Systems , is for someone having a garage sale to promote their sale via advertising transmitted to the GPS units of cars in the area. This would potentially reach a larger audience than just posting signs around the neighborhood. In the economic downturn which commenced in 2008 C2C commerce levels increased dramatically online. Citation needed date March 2011 Universities C2C are becoming more popular amongst students in universities because these are large ... Consumer to business C2B Business to consumer B2C Business to employee B2E Business to business ... Hill Ryerson , 2006. Category Electronic commerce de Consumer to Consumer es C2C fr change interconsommateur hr C2C pl C2C pt C2C ru Consumer to consumer sq Konsumator konsumator sr C2C sv Consumer to consumer vi C2C zh C2C ... more details
A consumer watchdog is an individual or organization that supports consumer rights the term may refer to Consumer organization Watchdog journalism Consumer Watchdog Botswana , a private consumer rights advocacy group in Botswana Consumer Watchdog USA , an organization that advocates for taxpayer and consumer interests in the United States See also List of consumer organizations disambig ... more details
Notability date July 2010 Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 Consumer science is the study of providing for the well being of individuals and households in the context of how they are influenced by marketplace institutions and communities. Consumer science draws from fields such as economics , sociology , psychology , law , and business . Consumer behavior , household finance, and consumer protection are major areas of consumer science. Consumer science is a primary science in creating new products. You have to make sure that it is safe and that it is wanted in the market. twienice Family and consumer science DEFAULTSORT Consumer Science Category Home Econ stub Socio stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Consumer education is the preparation of an individual through skills, concepts and understanding that are required for everyday living to achieve maximum satisfaction and utilization of his resources. It is defined as education given to the consumer about various consumer goods and services, covering price, what the consumer can expect, standard trade practice, etc. It is part of the formal school curriculum in many places and incorporates knowledge from many disciplines, including but not limited to. Economics Game theory Information theory Law Mathematics Psychology One magazine devoted to providing consumers with accurate reviews of products is Consumer Reports , not to be confused with Consumers Digest . Advantages of consumer education Feedback for the business Producers and sellers will not take consumers for granted Government response Consumer Producer interaction Consumer education involves three parties Business Consumer s Government People Curtis Arnold tae Consumer Education Issues Consumerism Credit counseling Family and consumer science Financial education DEFAULTSORT Consumer Education Category Consumer theory Category Consumer goods Education stub de Verbraucherbildung ... more details
Wikify date December 2010 Consumer Product may also specifically refer to Consumer Packaged Goods Globalize USA date December 2010 A consumer product is generally any tangible personal property for sale and that is used for personal, family, or household for non business purposes. The determination whether a good is a consumer product requires a factual finding, on a case by case basis. This basis will vary from one jurisdiction to another. As an example, The United States Consumer Product Safety Act has an extensive definition of consumer product , which begins br blockquote CONSUMER PRODUCT. The term consumer product means any article, or component part thereof, produced or distributed i for sale to a consumer for use in or around a permanent or temporary household or residence, a school, in recreation, or otherwise, or ii for the personal use, consumption or enjoyment of a consumer in or around a permanent or temporary household or residence, a school, in recreation, or otherwise but such term does not include A any article which is not customarily produced or distributed for sale to, or use or consumption by, or enjoyment of, a consumer, blockquote It then goes on to list eight additional specific exclusions and some further miscellaneous details. ref http www.cpsc.gov businfo cpsa.pdf ref References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Consumer Product Category Legal terms Law term stub ... more details
Multiple issues unreferenced January 2009 cleanup January 2009 Consumer Court is the name given to special purpose courts, mainly in India , that deal with cases regarding consumer disputes and grievances. These are judiciary set ups by the government to protect the consumer rights. If any consumer is cheated by the seller he she can approach the redressal forum to seek justice. Their main function is to maintain the fair practices by the sellers towards consumers. Different types of Consumer Courts A nation al level court works for the whole country and deals with amount more than 1 crore . A state level court works at the state level with case valuing less than Rs.1 crore. A district level court works at the district level with cases valuing up to Rs.20 lac s. Consumer movement In India, the consumer movement as a social force originated with the necessity of protecting and promoting the interests of consumers against unethical and unfair trade practices. Rampant food shortages, hoarding, black market ing, adulteration of food and edible oil gave birth to the consumer movement in an organized form in the 1960s. The movement succeeded in bringing pressure.A major step was taken in 1986 by the Indian government was the enactment of the Consumer Protection Act 1986 COPRA . In India the main function role of consumer court is to provide some extra privilege to the consumers and to maintain the fair practice by the seller or the service provider towards the consumer. Submitting complaint is very simple and consumer has no need to hire any lawyer. The government of India has made approaching a consumer court very simple and extremely cheap as you can represent yourself without having to hire a lawyer and the court fee is just Rs100 which is about US 2. Consumer courts are now forcing the consumers to file case files in local language instead of English. Previously the consumer ... References reflist Category Court systems Category Indian court system Category Consumer protection ... more details
In studies of consumer behaviour , consumer socialization is an aspect of socialization in which a person, in particular, a child acquires skills, knowledge, habits, and attitudes related to their behaviour in marketplace . ref name ward http www.jstor.org pss 2489100 Consumer Socialization , by Scott Ward, Journal of Consumer Research , 1974 ref ref http www.aeforum.org aeforum.nsf b6f532dc08e2a32e80256c5100355eab 7451ba8d0d2d883880256d6600531043 FILE EB2003.pdf Consumer Socialization How do children become consumers? , by Erling Bjurstr m, an Advertising Education Forum AEF Academic Advisory Board Discussion Paper, 13 June 2002 ref This aspect of child socialization started receiving academic attention in early 1970s. ref name ward ref John, Deborah Roedder 1999 Consumer socialization of children A retrospective look at twenty five years of research , Journal of Consumer Research , Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 183 213 ref Systematic academic research in this area was triggerred by charges of various consumer advocacy groups which were concerned with the effects of marketing , especially TV advertising on children. ref name ward See also Consumerism Consumer culture Self brand Development of self brand concepts References reflist Category Consumer behaviour Category Child development Category Socialization sociology stub ... more details
Refimprove date June 2009 Consumer organizations are advocacy groups that seek to protect people from ... are all examples of corporate abuse. Consumer organizations may operate via protest s, Advertising ... June 2009 or they may set themselves up as more general consumer List of consumer organizations watchdog ..., involving different manufacturers or companies e.g., Which? , Consumer Reports , etcetera . Another arena where consumer organizations have operated is food safety . The needs for campaigning in this area ... by past lobbying by consumer groups. The aim of consumer organizations may be to establish and to attempt to enforce consumer rights . Effective work has also been done, however, simply by using the threat ... Consumer organizations may attempt to serve consumer interests by relatively direct actions such as creating ..., electricity, communications, etc. . Fact date June 2009 Consumer organizations in various ... Consumer Research & Testing ICRT mostly European National Organization Australia Consumers ... Test Achats http www.test achats.be Botswana Consumer Watchdog Botswana Consumer Watchdog Brazil Proteste http www.proteste.org.br Fiji Consumer Council of Fiji http www.consumersfiji.org Fiji Consumers ... Germany Stiftung Warentest ko Test Verbraucherzentrale Bundesverband vzbv India Consumer Guidance Society ... founded in 1984 Korea Korea Consumer Agency founded in 1987 http www.kca.go.kr The Netherlands De Consumentenbond ... The National Consumer Agency NCA is a statutory body that defends consumer interests in the Republic ... main Consumer protection in the United Kingdom In the United Kingdom, the Enterprise Act 2002 allows consumer bodies that have been approved by the Secretary of State for Trade and Industry to be designated ..., practical help and information on consumer rights across the country. Consumer Council for Water formerly known as Watervoice Consumer Direct General Consumer Council of Northern Ireland Good Garage Scheme , an automobile repair shop motoring scheme National Consumer Council Postwatch Which? formerly ... more details
Expert subject Economics date February 2009 Consumer economics is a branch of economics . It is a broad field, principally concerned with microeconomics microeconomic analysis behavior in units of consumer s, family families , or individuals in contrast to traditional economics, which primarily government or business units . It sometimes also encompasses family financial planning and policy analysis. The term largely describes what was more commonly called home economics in the past. History Consumer economics has its roots in pre World War academia. The traditional economists had little interest in analyzing family units. When economic theory was insufficient to explain the phemonemon of women starting to enter the labor force en masse , consumer economics both gained attention and received important contributions from economic theorists. Major theoretical cornerstones include Gary Becker s Household Production Model, time allocation models and Stigler s information search theory. Consumer economics concludes the family unit economists were strongly influenced by the most recent consumer era which was the Modern Consumer Movement of the 1970s. The connection between Consumer Economics and consumer related politics has been overt, Fact date May 2007 although the strength of the connection varies between Universities and individuals. Many facets of Consumer economics are measured regularly by the Federal Reserve System and the Bureau of Economic Analysis and are available for the public. A number of indicators are published regularly from these and other academic sources, such as personal income, total household debt, and the Consumer Leverage Ratio . See also Consumer Leverage Ratio Family and consumer science References reflist Bryant, K. & Zick, C. The Economic Organization of the Household 2006 . Cambridge University Press. http www.fcs.uga.edu hace index.html Department of Housing and Consumer Economics University of South Carolina Category Household behavior and family ... more details
A consumer economy describes an Economic system economy driven by consumer spending as a percent of its gross domestic product , as opposed to the other major components of GDP gross private domestic investment , government spending , and imports netted against exports . ref http student.education2020.com activities vocab.aspx?keystr 11899&order 08060205&stbl 1368449 Education 2020 Homeschool Console, section Vocabluarly of Unit on Economic Boom of the 1920s , quote CONSUMER ECONOMY Definition An economy that depends on a large amount of spending by comsumers. school login required, accessed 12 21 PM, December 1st, 2009. ref The often quoted statistic for the United States, for instance, is that consumer spending amounts to 70 of GDP since 2001 ref http economix.blogs.nytimes.com 2010 05 03 big spenders the consumer economy ref ref http www.wbur.org 2011 01 28 stronger consumer spending ref . References Reflist Category Business economics econ stub ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2009 The basket of consumer goods or consumer basket is the market basket intended for tracking the prices of consumer goods and services, i.e., it is a sample of good economics goods and Service economics services , offered at the consumer market . The consumer basket is the base for the definition of the Consumer Price Index CPI . The list used for such an analysis would contain a number of the most commonly bought food and household items. The variations in the prices of the items on the list from month to month give an indication of the overall development of price trends. The market basket may be further classified into Household Items, Personal Goods and Services, Tobacco, Leisure Goods, Households Services, Housing, Alcoholic Drinks and other categories, depending on the country s survey. Category Finance Category Macroeconomics cs Spot ebn ko de Warenkorb it Paniere pl Koszyk inflacyjny pt Cesta b sica ru sk Spotrebn k vi Gi h ng h a ... more details
about the consumer advocacy organization based in the United States the Botswanan organization of the same name Consumer Watchdog Botswana other uses Consumer watchdog disambiguation Infobox Organization name Consumer Watchdog image Consumer Watchdog.png image border size caption map msize mcaption abbreviation motto formation 1985 extinction type non profit status purpose taxpayer and br consumer organization consumer advocacy headquarters location Santa Monica, California Santa Monica , br California region served United States membership language leader title President leader name Jamie Court main organ parent organization affiliations num staff num volunteers budget website http www.consumerwatchdog.org www.consumerwatchdog.org remarks Consumer Watchdog formerly the Foundation for Taxpayer and Consumer Rights is a non profit , progressive organization which advocates for taxpayer and consumer interests, with a focus on insurance, health care, political reform, privacy and energy. The consumer organization was founded in 1985 by California California Department of Insurance Proposition 103 author Harvey Rosenfield ref http cwd.grassroots.com nw ?postId 2377&pageTitle A BITTERSWEET OUTCOME A Bittersweet Outcome , Los Angeles Times, December 27, 2000 ref and is headquartered in Santa Monica, California Santa Monica , California . Its chief officers include President Jamie Court ... and improve the lives of American consumers and taxpayers. Google controversy Consumer Watchdog has ... group consumer watchdog distributing cartoon video of eric schmidt preying on children 2010 9.DTL ref The cartoon led to criticism of Consumer Watchdog by some in the technology industry media. ref http www.pcworld.com businesscenter article 204842 is consumer watchdog losing credibility with its google feud.html?tk hp new ref ref http tech.fortune.cnn.com 2010 09 03 consumer watchdogs over the top ... Category Consumer rights organizations ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Refimprove date March 2009 Notability date March 2009 A message consumer is a Java programming language Java Interface software interface for distributed systems. It is used to receive messages from a destination. To create it, a destination object is passed to a message consumer creation method that is supplied by the session of this object. Created by a selector, it is possible to send a message to particular message consumer objects. The communication may be synchronous or asynchronous. See also http www.ecst.csuchico.edu amk aiweb tutorials servlet apidoc javax jms MessageConsumer.html The message consumer interface definition Categories Category Distributed computing architecture network software stub Interwikis ... more details
Infobox organization name Consumer Action formation 1971 location San Francisco, Los Angeles, Washington ... action.org Consumer Action is a nonprofit, consumer education and advocacy center, serving consumers in the United States. Founded in 1971, the mission of Consumer Action is to help individual consumers assert their rights in the marketplace and to advance pro consumer industry wide change for the benefit of all. Consumer Action primarily achieves that mission by providing multi lingual education .... Mission Consumer Action s mission is to educate and advocate for consumers, publish and disseminate free multilingual consumer educational materials and fight for laws and regulations that benefit ... orgpage ?org id consumeraction ref Overview Consumer Action s frequent focus is consumer credit and the related ..., housing, scams, fraud, privacy, and more. Consumer Action is well known for its annual Credit Card Survey ref The Consumerist, http consumerist.com 5028980 2008 consumer action credit card survey ... abclocal.go.com kgo story?section news 7 on your side&id 6283304 ref Consumer Action works in collaboration with numerous consumer protection, consumer advocacy organizations, and coalitions to file ... EREG 000003.htm ref and for the publication of education and informational resources, such as Consumer Privacy Guide ref Consumer Privacy Guide, http www.consumerprivacyguide.org ref published jointly ... Rights Clearinghouse . Consumer Action is a consumer protection , education , and advocacy ... http nccsdataweb.urban.org PubApps showVals.php?ein 237172908 ref Frequently, cited in consumer education campaigns, such as S.F. consumer group tackles payday loans ref Tom Abate, San Francisco Chronicle ... kgo story?section view from the bay consumer finance&id 6373100 ref Credit Card Survey In June 1986 ref Google Timeline, Consumer Action Credit Card Survey, http www.google.com search?q Consumer ... 6Z0G&oi toolbelt timeline result&resnum 1&ct timeline date ref , in collaboration with the Consumer ... more details
Refimprove date March 2010 Consumer s risk or Consumer risk is a potential risk found in all consumer oriented Product business product s, that a product not meeting quality standards will pass undetected though the manufacturer s quality control system and enter the consumer marketplace . See also Commercial law Consumer protection laws Products liability Uniform Commercial Code Warranty Statistics References reflist cite book title Handbook of food science, technology, and engineering, Volume 2 last Hui first Yiu H. authorlink Yiu H. Hui coauthors year 2006 publisher CRC Press location isbn 0849398487 page 56 15 pages url http books.google.com books?id ZxL3KUEzR5AC&pg SA56 PA15&dq 22Consumer risk 22&client firefox a&cd 2 v onepage&q 22Consumer 20risk 22&f false Category Risk economics stub US law stub ... more details
FDA Consumer was a magazine published from 1967 through 2007 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration FDA . From 1967 to 1972 it was known as FDA Papers before changing title to FDA Consumer with v.6 6 July August 1972 . The journal s stated focus was to provide in depth information on how to get healthy and stay healthy . Copies were distributed to Federal depository library depository libraries which selected to receive it. FDA Consumer ceased publication with v.41 2 March April 2007 , though existing articles continue to be updated. Consumer information from the FDA has migrated to the For Consumers section of its website. External links http www.fda.gov ForConsumers default.htm Consumer Health Information from the FDA academic journal stub Category Food and Drug Administration ... more details
Consumer protection laws are designed to ensure fair trade competition and the free flow of truthful ... for the weak and those unable to take care of themselves. Consumer Protection laws are a form of government regulation which aim to protect the rights of consumer s. For example, a government ... or public health is an issue, such as food. Consumer protection is linked to the idea of consumer rights that consumers have various rights as consumers , and to the formation of consumer organization s which help consumers make better choices in the marketplace. Consumer is defined as someone ... and manufacturing. ref West Encyclopedia of American Law. Consumer. Answers.com. n.d.. Retrieved on January 31, 2010 ref Consumer interests can also be protected by promoting competition in the markets ... is treated in Competition law . Consumer protection can also be asserted via non government organizations and individuals as consumer activism . Consumer law MODU or consumer law is considered an area ... that sell those goods and services. Consumer protection covers a wide range of topics, including but not necessarily ... , misrepresentation , and other consumer business interactions. Such laws deal with credit repair, debt ... of the federal cabinet is responsible for consumer rights and protection Verbraucherschutzminister ... law dfr vw071183.html Case 3 C 34.84, 71 BVerwGE 183 . Republic of China Taiwan Consumer Protection ... and safety of end user using the products or services provided by business operators. Consumer ... Consumer protection in the United Kingdom Consumer Credit Act 1974 Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 Unfair Terms in Consumer Contract Regulations 1999 Unfair Contract Terms Bill The United Kingdom , as member state of the European Union , is bound by the consumer protection European Directive directives ... law . Consumer Protection issues are dealt with when complaints are made to the Director General .... Complaints need to be made to Consumer Direct who will provide legal advice to complainants, or re ... more details
Infobox Company company name Consumer Cellular company type Private foundation 1995 location Portland, Oregon , United States USA industry Cellular phone plans homepage http www.consumercellular.com Consumer Cellular Consumer Cellular is a Portland, Oregon based Mobile Virtual Network Operator , founded by John Marick and Greg Pryor in October 1995. The company started out with an emphasis on the Pacific Northwest market, but when AT&T and Cingular merged in 2005, Marick renegotiated Consumer Cellular s contract with AT&T to obtain a national footprint. They now use AT&T s network, and coverage includes all 50 US states. Consumer Cellular specializes in cell phone plans for seniors. ref http telephonyonline.com wireless news consumer cellular mobile mature 0409 index.html Telephony Online Consumer Cellular targets the mobile mature ref The company was most recently profiled in The Oregonian s Silicon Forest blog as 15 on a list of the largest 25 tech companies in northwest Oregon. ref http ...?id 200911490 Inc 5000 profile for Consumer Cellular ref In June, 2010, Consumer Cellular began ... permalink ?ndmViewId news view&newsId 20100601005392&newsLang en Consumer Cellular Introduces Its First Full QWERTY Keyboard Cell Phone ref Previously, Consumer Cellular also brought Doro phones, a cellular ... Swedish Cell Phones Hit U.S. ref The New York Times Gadgetwise blog mentioned Consumer Cellular s Doro ... 2009 11 03 more tech for seniors More Tech for Seniors ref History In 2005, Consumer Cellular began ..., more than 85 of Consumer Cellular s current customers are older than 50. ref http blogs.usatoday.com ... to 2009 recession period, Consumer Cellular has remained profitable, and has continued hiring. ref ... forward on a sunny afternoon... ref In the Consumer Reports no contract cell phone service rating Winter 2010 , Consumer Cellular s overall score was 87 out of 100. This was the top spot in a summary ... External Links http www.consumercellular.com Consumer Cellular http www.dorousa.us Doro Phones Puerto ... more details
Ethical Consumer is a UK magazine that also publishes information for free on its corresponding website. It is, in its own words, an alternative consumer organisation looking at the social and environmental records of the companies behind the brand names. Its stated reasons for existence are to promote universal human rights, environmental sustainability, and animal welfare by informing consumers of which brands and products are ethical to buy. The term ethical consumer also describes someone who practices ethical consumerism . Affiliates The Ethical Consumer is run by the Ethical Consumer Research Association ECRA . ref http www.anped.org index.php?part 300 ECRA The ECRA home page ref ref http blogs.myspace.com index.cfm?fuseaction blog.view&friendId 125228284&blogId 274541478 MySpace ECRA press release on their MySpace blog ref The ECRA team has two online resources available, in addition to the magazine http www.ethiscore.org Ethiscore.org is suitable for regular consumers. It reports companies in popular household categories such as coffee and computers, making it easy for the consumer to compare. Some publications are freely available, while others require subscription. Subscription costs 19.50 as of October 2009. Subscribers can also change priorities about which environmental and ethical topics is more important to them, thus making the comparisons more relevant. http www.corporatecritic.org Corporate Critic is the main database for the Ethical Consumer, tracking in excess of 50,000 companies. The web page is more suitable for company access, as full access costs 150 per month, ex VAT. A basic search is freely available however, providing useful information such as rating, ownership structure and turnover. References references External links http www.ethicalconsumer.org Ethical Consumer magazine stub webzine stub Category Fair trade brands Category Marketing Category Consumer protection Category Ethics books de Ethical Consumer ... more details
The concept of the informed consumer is a fundamental one in the law of the European Union . Since the general Resolution of 1975, one of the primary objectives of the European Community , and then the European Union , has been the provision of information to consumers. The rationale is that market actors who are informed have a greater capacity to understand the importance of their market actions and choices, and are enabled in making better choices. ref cite book title Capital Markets in the Age of the Euro editor Guido Ferrarini, Klaus J. Hopt, and E. Wymeersch pages 133 author Guido Alpa chapter Trading On line and Consumer Protection publisher Kluwer Law International date 2002 isbn 9041117377 isbn13 9789041117373 ref EU law stub business stub References references Further reading cite book chapter The Informed Consumer v the Vulnerable Consumer in European Unfair Commercial Practices Law &mdash A Comment author Thomas Wilhelmsson title The Yearbook of Consumer Law 2007 editor Geraint Howells, Christian Twigg Flesner, Deborah Parry, and Annette Nordhausen publisher Ashgate Publishing, Ltd date 2007 isbn 0754647331 isbn13 9780754647331 cite journal author Stephen Weatherill title The Rô le of the Informed Consumer in EC Law and Policy date 1994 volume 2 journal Consumer Law Journal pages 49&ndash 69 cite journal author Cristina Poncib and Rossella Incardona title The Average Consumer, the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive, and the Cognitive Revolution volume 30 issue 1 pages 21&ndash 38 date March 2007 url http ssrn.com abstract 1084038 journal Journal of Consumer Policy Issue cite book author Stephen Weatherill chapter The Evolution of European Consumer Law and Policy From Well Informed Consumer to Confident Consumer title Rechtseinheit oder Rechtsvielfalt in Europa? pages 424&ndash 440 editor H. W. Micklitz publisher Baden&ndash Baden date 1996 cite book ... 2005 isbn 9050954650 isbn13 9789050954655 chapter Autonomy The concept of te Informed Consumer and the standard ... more details
for consumer units in economics consumer unit economics Unreferenced date May 2009 Image FuseBoxforWikipedia.jpg thumb Wylex standard consumer unit fitted with rewirable fuses Image ModernConsumerUnitHager.JPG thumb Modern Hager consumer unit fitted with MCBs and an RCD A consumer unit is a box of fuse electrical fuses or circuit breaker breakers , usually arranged in a single row. This is unlike a distribution board which has multiple rows of fuses or breakers and usually serves two or more locations, which may be split phase , two phase , two phases taken from three phase , or three phase s. A consumer unit fitted with just fuses is often referred to as a fuse box . Examples Modern consumer units picture bottom right usually use DIN rail mount breakers. The rail and the shape of the front opening are standardized but the busbar arrangements are not. Therefore mixing of brands should generally be avoided and, where unavoidable, care should be taken to ensure that the breaker chosen is a good fit for the busbars. Generally a split load arrangement is used with some circuits protected by the RCD and others not. The box pictured top right is a Wylex standard fitted with rewirable fuses. These boxes can also be fitted with cartridge fuses or miniature circuit breaker s MCBs . This type of consumer unit was very popular in United Kingdom Britain until 2001 when wiring regulations mandated residual current device RCD protection for sockets that could reasonably be expected to supply outdoor equipment BS7671 2001, ISBN 0 86341 373 0 . There were a number of similar designs from other ... of the recent 17th Edition IEE Wiring Regulations consumer units in the UK must ... for burglar alarms or smoke alarms. Consumer units have different methods of protecting circuits. A dual split load consumer unit can be arranged as follows RCD 1 Upstairs Lights, Downstairs Final .... DEFAULTSORT Consumer Unit Category Electric power distribution Category Electrical wiring de Verteiler ... more details
Consumer confidence is an economic indicator which measures the degree of optimism that consumers feel ... consumer confidence to be higher, consumers will be making more purchases. On the other hand, if the economy ... less. A month to month diminishing trend in consumer confidence suggests that in the current state ... of consumer confidence in planning their actions. The ability to predict major changes in consumer ... hand, if consumer confidence is improving, people are expected to increase their purchases of goods ... based on the increase in consumer spending. Fact date March 2009 United States There exist several indicators that attempt to track and measure consumer confidence in the US Consumer Confidence Index Consumer Confidence Index CCI is a monthly release produced by the non profit business group ... health and spending power of the US average consumer. The Conference Board releases three headline figures each month Consumer Confidence Index , the Present Situation Index, and Expectations Index ... www.investopedia.com articles 05 010604.asp Understanding the Consumer Confidence Index ref University of Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index University of Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index MCSI is a monthly release produced by the University of Michigan. The MCSI is designed to gauge consumer attitudes toward the overall business climate, state of personal finances, and consumer spending. The University of Michigan releases three related figures each month Index of Consumer Sentiment ICS, or MCSI , Index of Current Economic Conditions ICC , and Index of Consumer Expectations ICE . The most ... Reuters University of Michigan Surveys of Consumers ref The Index of Consumer Expectations is an official ... of Consumer Sentiment ICS is based on the monthly telephone survey of the US household data ... Surveys of Consumers Reuters, University of Michigan ref Washington ABC News Consumer Comfort Index Washington ABC News Consumer Comfort Index represents a rolling average based on telephone interviews ... more details
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