br TOCright Computed Radiography CR uses very similar equipment to conventional Radiography Industrial radiography radiography except that in place of a film to create the image, an imaging plate IP made of photostimulable phosphor is used. The imaging plate housed in a special cassette and placed under the body part or object to be examined and the x ray exposure is made. Hence, instead of taking an exposed film into a darkroom for developing in chemical tanks or an automatic film processor, the imaging plate is run through a special laser scanner, or CR reader, that reads and digitizes the image. The digital image can then be viewed and enhanced using software that has functions very similar to other conventional digital image processing software, such as contrast, brightness, filtration and zoom. Differences from Direct Radiography File CRSCanner.png right thumb CeReO Computed Radiography Scanner Computed radiography CR is often distinguished from Direct Radiography DR . CR and DR have many similarities. Both CR and DR use a medium to capture x ray energy and both produce a digital image that can be enhanced for soft copy diagnosis or further review. Both CR and DR can also present an image within seconds of exposure. CR generally involves the use of a cassette that houses the imaging ... Common applications for computed radiography include corrosion surveys on pipes, often through ... piping File Crapared.jpg right thumb Medical applications Computed Radiography systems are the most ... be stored digitally. Computed radiography often requires fewer retakes due to under or over exposure ... ?en en D RR MEDICAL http www.ndt.net article wcndt2004 pdf radiography 367 deprins.pdf Computed Radiography ... http www.medical.philips.com de products xray products radiography computed s index.wpd Philips ...?LangType 1033 Carestream Health http www.fujifilm.com products medical products computed radiography ... www.activexray.com Active X ray Category Radiography category Nondestructive testing fr Computed ... more details
orphan date December 2007 Computed Corpuscle Sectioning is a general method for determining the volume, profile area, and perimeter of a slab section of any computer modeled three dimensional object in any orientation and at any position. It was originally developed as a model of cell nuclei in a tissue section in conjunction with the Reference Curve Method for correcting ploidy measurements by image analysis in a tissue section, but it is useful for evaluating any algorithm that corrects ploidy measurements for the effect of sectioning. Computed Corpuscle Sectioning has obvious pertinence to stereology , but has not been exploited in that field. The patents on this method U.S. Patent numbers 5,918,038, 6,035,258, and 6,603,869 are no longer in force. References Freed JA. Possibility of correcting image cytometric DNA ploidy measurements in tissue sections Insights from computed corpuscle sectioning and the reference curve method. Analyt Quant Cytol Histol 19 5 376 386, 1997. http www.aqch.com toc auto abstract.php?id 3135 Freed JA. Improved correction of quantitative nuclear DNA ploidy measurements in tissue sections. Analyt Quant Cytol Histol 21 2 103 112, 1999. http www.aqch.com toc auto abstract.php?id 11847 Freed JA. Conceptual comparison of two computer models of corpuscle sectioning and of two algorithms for correction of ploidy measurements in tissue sections. Analyt Quant Cytol Histol 22 1 17 25, 2000. http www.aqch.com toc auto abstract.php?id 14161 A general method for determining the volume and profile area of a sectioned corpuscle , U.S. Pat. No. 5,918,038 issued 6 29 99 to Jeffrey A. Freed. http www.google.com patents?q 5918038 Method for correction of quantitative DNA measurements in a tissue section , U.S. Pat. No. 6,035,258 issued 3 7 00 to Jeffrey A. Freed. http www.google.com patents?q 6035258 Use of perimeter measurements to improve ploidy measurements ... patents?q 6603869 External links http www.fortunecity.com skyscraper terabyte 562 jfccs.htm Computed ... more details
In medicine , peripheral quantitative computed tomography , commonly abbreviated pQCT , is a type of quantitative property quantitative computed tomography QCT , used for making measurements of the bone mineral density BMD in a peripheral part of the body. It is useful for measuring bone strength. ref cite journal author M ller A, R egsegger E, R egsegger P title Peripheral QCT a low risk procedure to identify women predisposed to osteoporosis. journal Phys Med Biol volume 34 issue 6 pages 741 9 year 1989 pmid 2740441 doi 10.1088 0031 9155 34 6 009 ref Comparison to DXA Unlike most other common techniques for measuring BMD, a pQCT scan is able to measure volumetric bone mineral density, plus other measures such as the stress strain index SSI and the geometry of the bone. DXA is only able to provide the areal bone mineral density. See also Dual energy X ray absorptiometry DXA References references medical stub Medical imaging Operations and other procedures on the musculoskeletal system Category Radiology ar de Knochendichtemessung fr Ost odensitom trie he pl Densytometria kostna pt Densitometria ssea ... more details
Orphan date July 2009 The computed tomography dose index CTDI is the a commonly used radiation exposure index in Computed tomography X ray computed tomography and is reported by the CT manufacturers to scan personnel for each exam. Definitions It is defined by the US Department of Health and Human Services HHS as the average dose imparted by a single axial acquisition to a standard 100 mm pencil chamber dosimeter inside a PMMA phantom over the width of 14 CT slices math CTDI frac 1 nT int 7T 7T D z dz math where math n math is the number of slices acquired, math T math is the slice thickness and math D z math is the radiation dose measured at position math z math along the scanner s main axis. This equation is often used in a modified form math CTDI 100 frac 1 nT int 50 mm 50 mm D a z dz math . The dose absorbed in air math D a z math can be conveniently assessed with a 100 mm standard pencil dose chamber. Typically, the dose distribution within the body cross section imparted by a CT scan is much more homogeneous than that imparted by radiography, but in still somewhat larger near the skin than in the body center. Therefore, a third measure, the weighted CTDI was introduced math CTDI w frac 1 3 CTDI 100 central frac 2 3 CTDI 100 peripheral . math Similar measures with yet wider chambers are useful for CT systems with large numbers of detector rows. ref refGeleijns2009 Geleijns 2009 ref Notes reflist 2 References cite id refRothenberg2000 Rothenberg, LN and Pentlow, KS 2000 . CT dosimetry and radiation safety , Categorical Course in Diagnostic Radiology Phyics CT and US Cross sectional Imaging, LW Goldman and JB Fowlkes, eds., pp171 188, RSNA, Oak Brook, IL cite cite id refGeleijns2009 J Geleijns, M Salvad Artells, P W de Bruin, R Mather, Y Muramatsu and M F McNitt Gray 2009 . Computed tomography dose assessment for a 160 mm wide, 320 detector row, cone beam CT scanner , Phys. Med. Biol. 54, pp3141 3159 cite Category Radiography de CTDI fr CTDI ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 No footnotes article date April 2009 Computed Tomography Laser Mammography CTLM is the trademark of Imaging Diagnostic Systems, Inc. IDSI, USA for its Optical tomography optical tomographic technique for female breast imaging. This medical imaging technique uses laser energy in the near infrared region of the spectra, to detect angiogenesis in the breast tissue. It is optical molecular imaging for hemoglobin both oxygenated and deoxygenated. The technology uses laser in the same way computed tomography uses X Rays, these beams travel through tissue and suffer attenuation. A laser detector measures the intensity drop and the data is collected as the laser detector moves across the breast creating a tomography image. CTLM images show hemoglobin distribution in a tissue and can detect areas of Angiogenesis surrounding malignant tumors, that stimulate this angiogenesis to obtain nutrients for growth. References http www.imds.com products ctlm CTLM section on Imaging Diagnostic Systems website http scholar.google.com scholar?hl en&lr &q 22computed tomography laser mammography 22&btnG Search CTLM on Google Scholar http nersp.nerdc.ufl.edu nikos Downloads SPIE Opt Mammo.pdf Grable R.J. and others. Optical computed tomography for imaging the breast first look Proc. SPIE, 2000, Vol. 4082, p. 40 45. http www.appliedradiology.com articles pdf v0029i02 5C00801788 5Cmain.pdf Grable R. and others. Optical mammography Applied Radiology, 2001, Vol. 29, No. 2, p. 18 20. Category Medical imaging Category Laser medicine ... more details
Cone beam computed tomography commonly referred to by the acronym CBCT is a medical imaging technique that has become increasingly important in treatment planning and diagnosis in dental implant implant dentistry , among other things. Perhaps because of the increased access to such technology, CBCT scanners are now finding many uses in dentistry, such as in the fields of endodontics and orthodontics , as well. CBCT use in orthodontics As a Three dimensional space 3D rendition, CBCT offers an undistorted view of the dentition that can be used to accurately visualize both erupted and non erupted teeth, tooth root orientation and anomalous structures that conventional 2D radiography cannot. ref Mah, JK et al. u Practical Applications of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Orthodontics u . JADA 2010 141 Supplemental3 7S 13S ref Disadvantages of CBCT technology There are a number of drawbacks of CBCT technology over that of medical grade CT scans, such as increased susceptibility to movement artifacts in first generation machines and to the lack of appropriate bone density determination. ref name DEVOS De Vos, W et al. u Cone beam computerized tomography CBCT imaging of the oral and maxillofacial region A systematic review of the literature u . Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009 38 609 625. ref Bone density and the Hounsfield scale The Hounsfield scale is used to measure radiodensity and, in reference to X ray computed tomography medical grade CT scans , can provide an accurate absolute density for the type of tissue biology tissue depicted. The radiodensity, measured in Hounsfield Units ... spiral multislice vs cone beam computed tomography u . Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2006 130 410 ... beam computed tomography u . Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 2010 39 323 335. ref With time, further ..., MW. u Craniofacial computed tomography scanning technology, applications and future trends u . Orthod ... reflist DEFAULTSORT Cone Beam Computed Tomography Category Dentistry ... more details
for non medical computed tomography Industrial CT Scanning Image Rosies ct scan.jpg thumb 300px right ... a 3D image of the body s interior. X ray computed tomography CT is a medical imaging method ... from the Merriam Webster Online Dictionary cite web url http www.merriam webster.com dictionary computed tomography title computed tomography Definition from the Merriam Webster Online Dictionary work ... ref CT produces a volume of data which can be manipulated, through a process known as Computed tomography ... dose associated with common computed tomography examinations and the associated lifetime attributable ... risks from computed tomographic scans performed in the United States in 2007 journal Arch. Intern. Med ... cite journal author Brenner DJ, Hall EJ title Computed tomography an increasing source of radiation ... language Greek tomos slice and graphein to write . Computed tomography was originally known as the EMI ... business. It was later known as computed axial tomography CAT or CT scan and body section r ntgenography . Although the term computed tomography could be used to describe positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography , in practice it usually refers to the computation ... facilities. In Medical Subject Headings MeSH , computed axial tomography was used from 1977 79, but the current indexing explicitly includes X ray in the title. ref MeshName Tomography, X Ray Computed ... PE . It employs computed tomography to obtain an image of the pulmonary artery pulmonary arteries ... exposure, down to 1 mSv cfr. Pavone, Fioranelli, Dowe Computed Tomography or Coronary Arteries, Springer ... Tumor CTScan.OGG thumb right thumbtime 3 Computed tomography CT Scan of 11 cm Wilms tumor of right ... easily and that have a profound effect on radiation dose are tube current and pitch. Computed tomography ... publications articles reliability and accuracy of fine cut computed tomography scans to determine ... cut computed tomography scans to determine the status of anterior interbody fusions with metallic ... more details
unreferenced date December 2007 For the Chamber de Commerce et d Industrie de Paris or CCIP, see Paris Chamber of Commerce For the Cisco CCIP certification, see Cisco Career Certifications Constantly Computed Impact Point CCIP is a function with a weapon s sighting system. It provides a depiction of the calculated point of impact, that works out from the launch platform s movement, the target s movement, gravity, projectile launch velocity, projectile drag, and other factors that can be entered, where a projectile will land and displays the information on the Heads Up Display HUD . The crosshairs will move around dependent on where the computer predicts the selected rocket, bullet or bomb will hit. Normally a radar lock is necessary, but when strafing or bombing a ground target A G mode A A mode will simply put the hairs in the centre of the HUD , the crosshairs will move along the ground. This system is normally used in aircraft or other large vehicles or large static weapons, but it may be possible that the system could be or has been condensed into something that can fit on the top of man portable firearm s too. This system is sometimes combined with an autorelease system so that an aircraft can lock a low drag bomb onto a target from a safe distance, and the bomb can then be released while the aircraft is in a high G climb when the target would no longer be visible over the aircraft s nose so that the aircraft does not need to overfly the target. Category Aircraft weapons Category Weapon guidance Category Targeting warfare mil stub nl Continuously computed impact point ... more details
Computed tomography angiography CTA is a computed tomography technique used to visualize arterial and venous vessels throughout the body. This ranges from arteries serving the brain to those bringing blood to the lungs, kidneys, arms and legs. Technique CT combines the use of x ray s with computerized analysis of the images. Beams of x rays are passed from a rotating device through the area of interest in the patient s body from several different angles to obtain projection images, which then are assembled by computer into a three dimensional picture of the area being studied. 4D CT 4D CT Digital Subtracted Angiogram. The ability to see whole brain dynamic flow of contrast from arterial to venous. Clinical Applications Image SagitalAAA.jpg thumb 200px right Sagital multiplanar reformation SPR of an abdominal aortic aneurysm AAA arrows CTA is commonly used to Examine the pulmonary arteries in the lungs to rule out pulmonary embolism, a serious but treatable condition. This is called a CTPA . Visualize blood flow in the renal arteries those supplying the kidneys in patients with high blood pressure and those suspected of having kidney disorders. Narrowing stenosis of a renal artery is a cause of high blood pressure hypertension in some patients and can be corrected. A special computerized method of viewing the images makes renal CT angiography a very accurate examination. Also done in prospective kidney donors. Identify aneurysms in the aorta or in other major blood vessels. Aneurysms are diseased areas of a weakened blood vessel wall that bulges out like a bulge in a tire. Aneurysms are life threatening because they can rupture. Identify dissection in the aorta or its major branches. Dissection means that the layers of the artery wall peel away from each other like the layers of an onion. Dissection can cause pain and can be life threatening. Identify a small aneurysm or arteriovenous ... risk of cancer associated with radiation exposure from 64 slice computed tomography coronary angiography ... more details
wiktionary Figure may refer to A shape , drawing , or Depiction representation Arts Figurine , a miniature statuette representation of a creature Action figure , a poseable character figurine Model figure , a scale model of a creature Figure painting , realistic representation, especially of the human form Figure drawing Writing a figure in writing is a type of floating block text, table, or graphic separate from the main text Figure of speech , also called a rhetorical figure Christ figure , a type of character in typesetting, text figures and lining figures Accounting Figure, a synonym for number Significant figures in a decimal number Sports Figure skating Compulsory Figures Figure competition , a form of physique competition for women, related to bodybuilding Other Figure wood Figure , wood appearance Figure music Musical figure , distinguished from musical motif Shaping a Primary mirror mirror on a reflective telescope Noise figure , in telecommunication Dance figure , an elementary dance pattern Vivian Davis Figures , Democratic member of the Alabama State Senate A person s figure, human physical appearance See also Figure 8 disambiguation disambig ca Figura cs Figura de Figur es Figura eo Figuro fr Figure io Figuro nl Figuur ja pt Figura ru sq Figura simple Figure sk Fig ra sl Figura sr fi Figuuri sv Figur ... more details
Helical or spiral cone beam computed tomography commonly abbreviated CBCT is a type of three dimensional computed tomography CT in which the source usually of x ray s describes a helix helical trajectory relative to the object while a two dimensional array of detectors measures the transmitted radiation on part of a cone of rays emanating from the source. Willi Kalender , who is credited with the invention prefers the term Spiral scan CT, arguing that spiral is synonym ous with helical for example as used in spiral staircase . In practical helical cone beam x ray CT machines, the source and array of detectors are mounted on a rotating gantry while the patient is moved axially at a uniform rate. Earlier x ray CT scanners imaged one slice at a time by rotating source and one dimensional array of detectors while the patient remained static. The helical scan method reduces the x ray dose to the patient required for a given resolution while scanning more quickly. This is however at the cost of greater mathematical complexity in the image editing reconstruction of the image from the measurements. Since its invention by Kalender in the 1980s, helical scan CT machines have steadily increased the number of rows of detectors slices they deploy. The prototype 16 multi slice scanner was introduced in 2001 and in 2004, 64 multislice scanners are on the market. These can produce an image in less than a second and thus can obtain images of the heart and its blood vessels coronary vessels as if frozen in time. External links http www.radiologymalaysia.org Content 2006 Public Pioneers WAKalender index.html Interview with Kalender http zoot.radiology.wisc.edu ct publications JOE015004 1.pdf Image reconstruction algorithm MeshName Helical Cone Beam CT References reflist Medical imaging Category Radiology Category Medical imaging ar de Computertomographie Spiral oder Helix CT fa ja CT pl Spiralna tomografia ... more details
Single photon emission computed tomography SPECT, or less commonly, SPET is a nuclear medicine tomography tomographic ref MeshName SPECT ref imaging technique using gamma rays . It is very similar to conventional nuclear medicine planar imaging using a gamma camera . However, it is able to provide true 3D information. This information is typically presented as cross sectional slices through the patient, but can be freely reformatted or manipulated as required. The basic technique requires injection of a gamma emitting radioisotope called radionuclide into the bloodstream of the patient. Occasionally the radioisotope is a simple soluble dissolved ion, such as a radioisotope of gallium III , which happens to also have chemical properties which allow it to be concentrated in ways of medical interest for disease detection. However, most of the time in SPECT, a marker radioisotope, which is of interest only for its radioactive properties, has been attached to a special radioligand , which is of interest for its chemical binding properties to certain types of tissues. This marriage allows the combination of ligand and radioisotope the radiopharmaceutical to be carried and bound to a place of interest in the body, which then due to the gamma emission of the isotope allows the ligand concentration to be seen by a gamma camera. Principles In the same way that a plain radiograph X ray is a 2 dimensional 2 D view of a 3 dimensional structure, the image obtained by a gamma camera is a 2 D view of 3 D distribution of a radionuclide . SPECT imaging is performed by using a gamma camera to acquire multiple 2 D images also called projections , from multiple angles. A computer is then used ... to those obtained from other tomographic techniques, such as MRI , Computed tomography CT , and Positron ... values. Modern SPECT equipment is available with an integrated x ray Computed tomography CT scanner ... Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Category Nuclear medicine Category Radiology Category Radiobiology ... more details
wiktionarypar go figure Go Figure may refer to Go Figure album Go Figure album , an album by Spirit of the West Go Figure game Go Figure game , a math game in Microsoft s Windows Entertainment Pack Go Figure film Go Figure film , a 2005 television movie Go Figure soundtrack Go Figure soundtrack , the soundtrack to the film disambig ... more details
wiktionary figure eight figure of eight Figure 8 may refer to In entertainment Figure 8 album Figure 8 album 2000 , by American singer songwriter Elliott Smith Figure of Eight song Figure of Eight song from the album Flowers in the Dirt 1989 by Paul McCartney Figure Eight EP , EP by This Et Al. Figure 8 , episode and song in the children s educational series Schoolhouse Rock Figure Of Eight , song from the album In Search of the Fourth Chord 2007 by Status Quo In geography Figure Eight Island , North Carolina, United States Figure Eight Lake , Alberta, Canada Figure Eight Loops, feature of the Historic Columbia River Highway in Guy W. Talbot State Park In mathematics and sciences Figure eight ... that resembles a figure 8 Figure 8, a two lobed Lissajous curve Figure 8, in topology, the rose topology rose with two petals Figure 8, shape described by an analemma , a curve in astronomy In ropes Figure eight bend or Flemish bend, a knot Figure eight knot ropes , typically used as a stopper knot Figure eight loop , figure of eight knot tied on the bight In sport and leisure Figure 8 racing , a category of auto racing related to the demolition derby Figure 8 roller coaster , a track design Figure 8, shape from which compulsory figures in ice skating are derived Figure 8, a riding figures Figure eight riding figure used in the training of horses Figure eight, type of noseband Types of nosebands noseband Figure eight turn, man overboard rescue turn in sailing Figure eight, rock climbing equipment Figure eight rock climbing equipment commonly used as a descender and sometimes as a belay device Figure of 8, figure in English country dance Other uses Figure 8 Puffer Tetraodon biocellatus , breed of pufferfish Figure 8 or bi directional, response pattern of some microphone Bi directional microphone s Figure 8, IEC connector C7 and C8 connectors IEC connector C7 type power connector for electrical appliances See also Figure disambiguation 8 disambiguation List of knots , the names of several ... more details
Figure and ground can refer to Figure and ground media , a concept developed by media theorist Marshall McLuhan Figure ground perception , referring to humans ability to separate elements based upon contrast Figure ground in map design disambig ... more details
The term figure four may refer to Figure four grappling hold , a type of grappling hold A descriptor of a professional wrestling Professional wrestling holds hold most notably the Professional wrestling holds Figure four leglock Figure four leglock Pin professional wrestling Jackknife hold Figure four pin , a Pin professional wrestling professional wrestling pin Figure Four Battle Angel Alita Figure Four Battle Angel Alita , a fictional character in the Battle Angel Alita manga series Figure Four , a Canadian metalcore band disambig ... more details
In wood, figure refers to the appearance of wood, as seen on a longitudinal surface side grain a figured wood is not plain. The figure of a particular piece of wood is, in part, due to its woodgrain grain and, in part, due to the cut, or to innate properties of the wood. A few of the tropical hardwoods, like the Rosewood timber rosewood s, may have quite spectacular figure. Types of figure include bear scratches, Bird s eye figure bird s eye , blister, burl , curl, dimple, fiddleback, flame, ghost, quilted, and spalted. Image RedGumTable.jpg thumb left typically figured red gum table Image MountainAshFloor.jpg thumb mountain ash floor, showing some flame maple fiddleback figure category wood ... more details
Miniature figure may refer to Miniature figure gaming , as used in miniature wargaming and roleplaying games A collectable figurine , often an artistic, and sometimes a prehistoric or antique specimen Toy soldier disambig ... more details
Image OblateSpheroid.PNG 250px right thumb An oblate spheroid The expression figure of the Earth has various meanings in geodesy according to the way it is used and the precision with which the Earth s size and shape is to be defined. The actual topographic surface is most apparent with its variety of land forms and water areas. This is, in fact, the surface on which actual Earth measurements are made. It is not suitable, however, for exact mathematical computations, because the formulas which would be required to take the irregularities into account would necessitate a prohibitive amount of computations. The topographic surface is generally the concern of topographers and hydrographers. The Pythagoreanism Pythagorean concept of a spherical Earth offers a simple surface which is mathematically ... the Earth. While the sphere is a close approximation of the true figure of the Earth and satisfactory ... continents and oceans a more exact figure is necessary. Closer approximations range from modelling the shape ... is taken of the curvature of the Earth. A survey of a city would likely be computed as though ... contributed to drastic improvements in the accuracy of the Figure of the Earth. The primary utility ... The Figure of the Earth and the Military Industrial Academic Complex, 1947 1972, Studies in the History ... figure used in geodesy to most nearly approximate Earth s shape is an oblate spheroid ... about its shorter axis. A spheroid describing the figure of the Earth or other celestial body is called ... was computed from grade measurement s. Nowadays geodetic networks and satellite geodesy are used. In practice ... in determining the figure of the Earth. The international ellipsoid was developed by John Fillmore ... and treat triaxiality and pear shape as a part of the geoid figure they are represented by the spherical ... south component. Earth rotation and Earth s interior Determining the exact figure of the Earth ... pt Figura da Terra ru sl Oblika Zemlje fr Figure de la Terre ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 The Figure International is an annual women s figure competition run by the International Federation of BodyBuilders . The contest is held annually as part of the Arnold Classic , and was first held in 2003 this was the first professional figure contest in the IFBB . Jenny Lynn has won the most titles, with three. Winners class wikitable Year Winner 2003 Jenny Lynn 2004 Jenny Lynn 2005 Jenny Lynn 2006 Mary Elizabeth Lado 2007 Mary Elizabeth Lado 2008 Gina Aliotti 2009 Zivile Raudoniene 2010 Nicole Wilkins Lee Category Professional bodybuilding competitions Category Fitness & figure competitors Bodybuilding stub cs Figure International it Figure International he ... more details
Image Sargent, John Singer 1856 1925 ritratto di Nicola D Inverno 1892 .jpg thumb 200px A watercolor figure study by John Singer Sargent . A figure study is a painting , drawing , sculpture or photograph made for study purposes with a live model as the subject matter. The live model can be clothed, partly clothed or Nudity nude and the art work is a representation of the full body of the model, or of multiple parts of the model such as hands, or feet . Figure studies are usually completed in a relatively short length of time that can last from a few minutes up to a few hours. Therefore these studies often have a sketchy character. For more elaborate art works the term figure study is not used the art work is called nude , nude painting , figure piece or figure painting . Figure study usually refers to an artist s finished work, but it can also be used to describe the creative process. The live model can be clothed, partly clothed or nude. Figure study is a general term that leaves a critical, sensitive criteria unknown. Many artist do excellent figure studies and would not want to be thought to be doing art involving a nude. In the same manner, there are photographers who do figure studies that almost never include clothes. Figure study photographs without clothes are often called figurenude photographs to more precisely describe what can be a sensitive subject. File Figurenude 26 by CN Foundation.jpg thumb right 200px A black and white figurenude photograph See also Figure painting Figure drawing Model art Nudity Nude photography Uncategorized date January 2011 art stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Update date November 2010 The Figure Olympia is an annual women s figure competition run by the International Federation of BodyBuilders . The contest was first held in 2003 . Davana Medina has won the most titles, with three. Winners class wikitable Year Winner 2003 Davana Medina 2004 Davana Medina 2005 Davana Medina 2006 Jenny Lynn 2007 Jenny Lynn 2008 Jennifer Gates 2009 Nicole Wilkins Lee 2010 Erin Stern Category Professional bodybuilding competitions Category Fitness & figure competitors it Figure Olympia he ... more details
unreferenced date February 2011 File Schroeder s stairs.svg thumb right Schroeder stairs The figure is reversible as A and B, alternatively, can be perceived as being in the foreground A reversible figure is an optical illusion that is designed to create an unstable visual perception, one which leads the beholder to vacillate between two or more different interpretations. Examples include Necker cube s, Figure ground perception face vase drawings, the Rabbit Duck Illusion and impossible object s. External links Commons category Reversible figure de Kippfigur Category Optical illusions Category Optical phenomena Category Consciousness studies ... more details
A figure space is a typographic unit equal to the size of a single typographic figure numeral or letter , minus leading. Its size can fluctuate somewhat depending on which font is being used. It is assigned the Unicode value U 2007. It may be entered in HTML using code & x2007 code or code & 8199 code . See also Em typography En typography Space punctuation Typography terms DEFAULTSORT Figure space Typography Category Typography ... more details
Refimprove date April 2008 globalize USA date December 2010 Public figure is a law legal term applied in the context of defamation actions libel and slander as well as invasion of privacy . A public figure such as a politician , celebrity , or business leader cannot base a lawsuit on incorrect harmful statements unless there is proof that the writer or publisher acted with malice knowledge or reckless disregard for the truth . The Legal burden of proof burden of proof in defamation actions is higher in the case of a public figure. U.S. law The controlling precedent in the United States was set in 1964 by the United States Supreme Court in New York Times Co. v. Sullivan . It is considered a key decision in supporting the First Amendment to the United States Constitution First Amendment and freedom of the press . A fairly high threshold of public activity is necessary to elevate people to public figure status. Typically, they must either be a public figure , either a public official or any other person pervasively involved in public affairs, or a limited purpose public figure , meaning ... a person is a limited purpose public figure, which can be variously interpreted. According to attorney ... can become an involuntary public figure as the result of publicity, even though that person did not want ... a limited public figure by engaging in actions which generate publicity within a narrow area of interest ... by Ms. Rakolta s status as a limited public figure . See also Curtis Publishing Co. v. Butts 1967 ... defamation.php 7 Who is a public figure? Bloggers FAQ Online Defamation Law, Electronic Frontier Foundation http www.lectlaw.com def2 p117.htm Legal definition of public figure via lectlaw Dotinga, Randy November 9, 2005 . http www.wired.com news politics 0,69511 0.html Are You a Public Figure ? Wired DEFAULTSORT Public Figure Category American legal terms de Person des ffentlichen Lebens et Avaliku elu tegelane ko pl Osoba publiczna simple Public figure sv Offentlig person vi Nh n v t ... more details
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