A Commission of Array was a Letters patent commission given by England English royalty to officers or gentry in a given territory to muster and array the inhabitants and to see them in a condition for war, or to put soldier s of a country in a condition for military service. The term arrayers is used in some ancient English statutes, for an officer who had a Commission of Array. Commissions of array developed from the ancient obligation of all free men to defend their country. Commissioners were usually experienced soldiers, appointed by the crown to array able bodied men from each shire. By the time of the Wars of the Roses conscript levies were less important than troops raised by indenture. Though obsolete by the 17th century, the system was revived by Charles I of England Charles I in 1642 in opposition to the 1641 Militia Ordinance that gave Parliament of England Parliament control of raising troops in order to muster a Cavalier Royalist army at the onset of the English Civil War . See also Arrayer Posse comitatus common law Posse comitatus References 1828 Webster s Dictionary 1728 http digicoll.library.wisc.edu cgi bin HistSciTech HistSciTech idx?type turn&entity HistSciTech000900240187&isize L DEFAULTSORT Commission Of Array Category English Civil War Category Military history of the United Kingdom Category Command staff occupations England stub Mil hist stub UK hist stub th ... more details
Spiral array model , a music pitch space Other A Commission of Array , a commission for mustering ...An array is a systematic arrangement of objects, usually in rows and columns. Specifically, it may refer ... at run time, including Array data structure , an arrangement of items at equally spaced addresses in computer memory Array data type , used in a programming language to specify a variable that can be indexed Associative array , an abstract data structure model that generalizes arrays to arbitrary indices or various kinds of the above, such as Bit array or bit vector Dynamic array , allocated at run time Parallel array of records, with each field stored as a separate array Sparse array , with most elements omitted, to store a sparse matrix Variable length array Jagged array , where the rows have different lengths individually or various related concepts Vector processor Array processor , a computer to process arrays of data not to be confused with a processor arrayArray programming , using matrix algebra notation in programs not the same as array processing Array slicing , the extraction of sub arrays of an array or also Global Arrays , a library for parallel processing Intel Array Visualizer , a piece of scientific graphics software In mathematics and statistics An array or matrix mathematics e.g. a Monge array , a Costas array A standard array in coding theory In statistics, arrays are a name for some kinds of Category Experimental design Intersection array a concept of category theory The thinned array curse or sparse array curse, a theorem about elecromagnetic waves In technology ... array, such as a phased array , a tower array , etc. A speaker array, used to produce directional Sound Asynchronous array of simple processors Ball grid array , pin grid array , and land grid array , ways to connect integrated circuits Cache Array Routing Protocol CARP Color filter array , placed over an imaging array Disk array , such as the RAID Field emitter array , an electron source ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2007 In broadcast engineering , directional array refers to multiple Antenna radio antennas arranged such that the Superposition principle superposition of the electromagnetic wave s produce a predictable electromagnetic field . By spacing 2 or more antenna elements apart, changing the length of the transmission line from the transmitter , varying the power output, and shifting the Phase waves phase , radio Broadcasting broadcasters can shape the area of signal coverage. Geographically close Co channel interference co channel or adjacent channel stations employ directional arrays or a single directional antenna so that other broadcasters may utilize the same or adjacent frequency . In the United States , the Federal Communications Commission offers a first come, first served approach, meaning licenses granted on co channel or adjacent channels must protect the service contour of the previously licensed facility, thus, a directional array may be used to shape the station around existing facilities. DEFAULTSORT Directional Array Category Broadcast engineering Category Radio frequency antenna types Telecomm stub ... more details
In experiments in which additional factors are not likely to interact with any of the other factors, a saturated array can be used. In a saturated matrix mathematics array , a controllable design of experiments factor is substituted for the interaction of two or more by products. Using a saturated array, a two factor test matrix could be used to test three factors. Using the saturated array allows three factors to be tested in four tests rather than in eight, as would be required by a standard orthogonality orthogonal array. statistics stub Category Design of experiments ... more details
orphan date December 2008 For the DVD magazine, see Array DVD magazine Deleted image removed Image ARRAY magazine.jpg right 150px ARRAY Magazine is a New York based interior design, lifestyle and culture quarterly magazine sponsored by the New York Design Center . It has been published since the winter of 2003 2004. With 40,000 readers, ARRAY is geared toward interior design professionals and their clients. External links http www.arrayny.com ARRAY Homepage Category Interior design Category Quarterly magazines Category Media in New York City Category Publications established in 2003 Category Magazines published in New York art mag stub hu ARRAY Magazine ... more details
multiple issues confusing January 2010 notability January 2010 unreferenced January 2010 orphan July 2010 wikify January 2011 Control Array mostly used in Visual Basic is the collection of controls that programmer put it in form VB Form . Control array is always a single dimensional array . Control array is that you can add or delete array elements at run time. With some controls, it is very useful to define control arrays it depends on the application. Control arrays are a convenient way to handle groups of controls that perform a similar function. All of the events available to the single control are still available to the array of controls, the only difference being an argument indicating the index of the selected array element is passed to the event. Hence, instead of writing individual procedures for each control i.e. not using control arrays , you only have to write one procedure for each array. Category BASIC programming language family ... more details
File Aerial antenna.JPG thumb right 250px A multiband US television reception antenna Antenna array may refer to an Interferometry interferometric array of radio telescope s used in radio astronomy a phased array , also known as a smart antenna , an electronically steerable directional antenna typically used in Radar and in wireless communication systems, in view to achieve beamforming , multiple input and multiple output MIMO communication or space time coding See below An antenna array is a group of isotropic radiators such that the currents running through them are of different amplitudes and phases. ref name antenna array These are radiators of EM frequency and energy. Antenna arrays are the solution to the problem defined as the limitations of operating a single antenna. ref name antenna array An example of the problem is that although a dipole antenna allows for better control of direction ... radiators. ref name antenna array There are a few different general types of antenna arrays. When the array is arranged in a straight line this is called a linear array . ref name antenna array Antennas arranged in parallel lines on one plane has a plane array in two dimensions. ref name antenna array Many planes in a group of arrays or antennas results in a three dimensional array . An antenna array may consist of a group of isotropic omni directional radiators. Or, the array may have a group of radiators that are identical. ref name antenna array In a group of identical radiators all the antennas must be share the same orientation in space. ref name antenna array The same orientation results ... orientation ensures polarization in the same direction in space. ref name antenna array cite book ...&pg PA396&dq antenna array v onepage&q antenna 20array&f false isbn 8122404685 ref The gain of an antenna array is typically proportional to the number of individual antennas, but is limited to how accurately they can be phased together for example in a phased array . The loss due to phase ... more details
In MIMO communication systems, array gain means a power gain of transmitted signals that is achieved by using multiple antennas at transmitter and or receiver, with respect to Single Input and Single Output SISO case. It can be simply called power gain . In a broadside array, the array gain is almost exactly proportional to the length of the array. This is the almost always the case provided that the elements of the antenna are not spaced to a point at which large radiation side lobs form in other directions and that the array length exceeds one or two wavlenegths. ref http www.smeter.net daily facts 12 fact5.php ref References reflist See also Diversity gain Category Antennas radio electronics stub ... more details
Array processing is signal processing of the outputs of an array of sensor s to Enhance the signal to interference plus noise ratio SINR compared to that of a single sensor using conventional or adaptive beamforming . Determine the number of emitting sources, the locations of these sources, their waveforms , and other signal parameters. Track multiple moving sources. Array processing is used in radar , sonar , seismic exploration, anti jamming and wireless communications. One of the main advantages of using array processing along with an array of sensors is a smaller foot print. The problems associated with array processing include the number of sources used, their direction of arrival direction of arrivals , and their signal waveforms . ref Torlak, M. http users.ece.utexas.edu bevans courses ee381k lectures 13 Array Processing lecture13 lecture13.pdf Spatial Array Processing . Signal and Image Processing Seminar. University of Texas at Austin. ref See also Phased Array Space Time Adaptive Processing References reflist cite book title Array Signal Processing last1 Johnson first1 D. H. last2 Dudgeon first2 D. E. year 1993 publisher Prentice Hall cite book first1 H. L. last1 Van Trees title Optimum Array Processing publisher Wiley location New York year 2002 cite journal first1 H. last1 Krim first2 M. last2 Viberg url http www.vissta.ncsu.edu publications ahk spm1996.pdf title Two Decades of Array Signal Processing Research journal IEEE Signal Processing Magazine pages 67 94 month July year 1996 accessdate 8 December 2010 S. Haykin and K.J.R. Liu Editors , Handbook on Array Processing and Sensor Networks , Adaptive and Learning Systems for Signal Processing, Communications, and Control Series, 2010. E. Tuncer and B. Friedlander Editors , Classical and Modern Direction of Arrival Estimation , Academic Press, 2010. A.B. Gershman, http www.nts.tu darmstadt.de nt fileadmin nas lehre SS 08 PS Smart Antennas slides proj sem.pdf array processing courseware DEFAULTSORT Array Processing ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 A sensor array is a set of several sensors used to gather information. Usually the sensors and sensed phenomenon are both directional in nature, but this isn t always the case. Sometimes the data varies by position but not by direction. DEFAULTSORT Sensor Array Category Sensors Electronics stub ... more details
In computer science , a sparse array is an Array data structure array in which most of the elements have the same value known as the default value usually 0 or nullable type null . A naive implementation of an array may allocate space for the entire array, but in the case where there are few non default values, this implementation is inefficient. Typically the algorithm used instead of an ordinary array is determined by other known features or statistical features of the array, for instance if the sparsity is known in advance, or if the elements are arranged according to some function e.g. occur in blocks . As an example, a spreadsheet containing 100 100 mostly empty cells might be more efficiently stored as a linked list rather than an array containing ten thousand array elements. A heap malloc memory allocator inside a program might choose to store regions of blank space inside a linked list rather than storing all of the allocated regions in, say a bit array . so what? blank space is not an indexed array sparse or not , indeed See also Sparse matrix External links http boost.org libs numeric ublas doc vector sparse.htm Boost sparse vector class http portal.acm.org citation.cfm?id 1363086&jmp cit&coll GUIDE&dl GUIDE Rodolphe Buda, Two Dimensional Aggregation Procedure An Alternative to the Matrix Algebraic Algorithm , Computational Economics , 31 4 , May, pp.397 408, 2008. Category Arrays datastructure stub ru ... more details
In computer architecture , a systolic array is a pipe network arrangement of processing units called ... array is composed of matrix like rows of data processing units called cells. Data processing units ... , ref The Paracel GeneMatcher series of systolic array processors do have a program counter. More complicated .... The systolic array is often rectangular where data flows across the array between neighbour ... the ports of the array are generated by auto sequencing memory units, ASMs. Each ASM includes ... math matrix is fed in a row at a time from the top of the array and is passed down the array, the other matrix is fed in a column at a time from the left hand side of the array and passes from left ... column. At this point, the result of the multiplication is stored in the array and can now be output a row or a column at a time, flowing down or across the array. Systolic arrays are arrays of DPUs ... a sequence of operations on data that flows between them. Because the traditional systolic array ... wavefront arrays . One well known systolic array is Carnegie Mellon University s iWarp processor, which has been manufactured by Intel. An iWarp system has a linear array processor connected by data buses going in both directions. History The systolic array paradigm, data stream driven by data ... driven by a program counter. Because a systolic array usually sends and receives multiple data streams ... is math y ... a n x a n 1 x a n 2 x a n 3 x ... a 1 x a 0 math A linear systolic array in which ... to build Super Systolic Array The super systolic array is a generalization of the systolic array ... Kress has introduced the generalized systolic array the super systolic array. Its application is not restricted ... version of the super systolic array. More information about the background may be obtained from the articles about Systolic array, Reconfigurable Computing , Configware Compiler , super systolic array and Configware Software Co Compilation Configware Software Co Compiler . Because of the wide ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Context date October 2009 A processor array is like a storage array but contains and manages processing elements instead of storage elements. The processor array should have the following characteristics Should support forty or more processing elements blades per chassis The chassis should support the use of commodity motherboard s The chassis should only backplane power and management capabilities to extend the life of the chassis and reduce chassis change costs Will provide end to end redundant power Each processing element should support two or more redundant virtualized I O connections Category Computer hardware Category Fault tolerant computer systems tech stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 A macrocell array is an approach to the design and manufacture of Application specific integrated circuit ASIC s. Essentially, it is a small step up from the otherwise similar gate array , but rather than being a prefabricated array of simple logic gates, the macrocell array is a prefabricated array of higher level logic functions such as Flip flop electronics flip flop s, Arithmetic logic unit ALU functions, Hardware register register s, and the like. These logic functions are simply placed at regular predefined positions and manufactured on a wafer electronics wafer , usually called master slice . Creation of a circuit with a specified function is accomplished by adding metal interconnects to the chips on the master slice late in the manufacturing process, allowing the function of the chip to be customised as desired. Macrocell array master slices are usually prefabricated and stockpiled in large quantities regardless of customer orders. The fabrication according to the individual customer specifications may be finished in a shorter time compared with standard cell or full custom design. The macrocell array approach reduces the Photomask mask costs since fewer custom masks need to be produced. In addition manufacturing test tooling lead time and costs are reduced since the same test fixtures may be used for all macrocell array products manufactured on the same die manufacturing die size. Drawbacks are somewhat low density and performance than other approaches to ASIC design. However this style is often a viable approach for low production volumes. DEFAULTSORT Macrocell Array Category Gate arrays es Matriz de macroc lulas ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 An extrachromosomal array is a method for mosaic analysis in genetics . It is a cosmid , and contains two functioning wild type closely linked genes a gene of interest and a mosaic marker . Such an array is injected into germ line cells, which already contain mutant specifically, loss of function alleles of all three genes in their chromosome chromosomal DNA . The cosmid, which is not packed correctly during mitosis , is occasionally present in only one daughter cell following cell division. The daughter cell containing the array expresses the gene of interest the cell lacking the array does not. The mosaic marker is a gene which exhibits a visible phenotype change between the functioning and non functioning alleles. For example, ncl 1 , located in chromosomal DNA, exhibits a larger nucleolus than the wild type allele, which is in the array. Thus, cells which exhibit larger nucleoli have usually not retained the extrachromosomal array. The gene of interest is the target of the mosaic analysis. Cells lacking the extrachromosomal array also lack the functional gene of interest. Cells which develop normally without the array do not require the gene of interest for normal function. Cells which do not develop normally are said to require the gene. In this way, those cell lineages which require a specific gene can be identified. Extrachromosomal arrays replace an earlier technique involving a duplicated piece of chromosome called a free duplication . The latter technique required that the gene of interest and the mosaic marker be closely linked on the duplication the former allows free choice of mosaic marker and target gene. References Miller LM, Waring DA, Kim SK 1996 . Mosaic analysis using a ncl 1 extrachromosomal array reveals that lin 31 acts in the Pn.p cells during Caenorhabditis elegans vulval development. Genetics 143 3 1181 1191. Category Genetics genetics stub ... more details
In computer science , a dynamic array , growable array , resizable array , dynamic table , or array list ... array is not the same thing as a dynamic memory allocation dynamically allocated array , which is a fixed size Array data structure array whose size is fixed when the array is allocated, although a dynamic array may use such a fixed size array as a back end. ref name java util ArrayList See, for example ... and capacity The simplest dynamic array is constructed by allocating a fixed size array and then dividing it into two parts the first stores the elements of the dynamic array and the second is reserved, or unused. We can then add or remove elements at the end of the dynamic array in constant time ... array contents is its logical size or size , while the size of the underlying array is called the dynamic array s capacity , which is the maximum possible logical size. In applications where the logical size is bounded, this data structure suffices. Resizing the underlying array is an expensive operation, typically involving copying the entire contents of the array. Geometric expansion ... form a geometric progression . Expanding the array by any constant proportion ensures that inserting ... align right class wikitable Linked br list Array data structure Array Dynamic br array Indexing ... ddffdd 0 style background ffdddd n div The dynamic array has performance similar to an array ... cache performance Inserting or deleting an element in the middle of the array linear time Inserting or deleting an element at the end of the array constant amortized time Dynamic arrays benefit from ... to find contiguous space for a large dynamic array, whereas linked lists do not require the whole ... deque implementations use Deque Implementations array deques , which allow amortized constant time ... ref presented a dynamic array algorithm called Tiered Vectors that provided O n sup 1 2 sup performance for order preserving insertions or deletions from the middle of the array. Hashed array tree ... more details
lowercase The array is a wrapper Class computer programming class that provides an Standard Template ... several limitations of standard array. Creation history In his book Generic Programming and the STL ..., 3rd edition , Bjarne Stroustrup introduces a similar class, called tt c array tt , which Nicolai Josuttis ... tt carray tt . Under the name tt array tt this class is introduced in Boost C Libraries boost libraries ... Array template class is defined in header tt < array> tt in the C standard library and in header ... tt in C 03 with TR1 or tt boost tt . The tt array tt class template is parametrized with a type of element ... Assignable tt requirements. If tt array tt class template is instantiated with a type that fulfills ... access functions. Implementation as aggregate tt array tt class is implemented as an aggregate class. This allows an array to be initialized with a brace enclosing, comma separated list of initializers for the elements of the container, written in increasing subscript order source lang cpp array ... compilers it is possible to use fewer braces according to 8.5.1 11 of the Standard . That is, array can be initialized as follows source lang cpp array int, 4 a 1, 2, 3 source Differences from standard array tt array tt class is a value type. It satisfies tt CopyConstructable tt and tt Assignable tt requirements. tt array tt class can not be implicitly cast to tt T tt or tt T const tt . However there is member function tt data tt that returns a pointer to first element. tt array tt implementation .... Zero sized arrays Unlike standard arrays, tt array tt class can have zero size. The effect of calling tt front tt or tt back tt for a zero sized array is implementation defined ... standard containers tt array tt class does not provide constant time swap. Instead it provides linear time swap. Because tt array tt class is aggregate it does not provide fill and range constructors ... of functions An object of array class can be created using default constructor, copy constructor ... more details
Image CHARA array.jpg thumb 250px The Operations Center of the CHARA array The CHARA Array is an optical astronomical interferometer operated by The Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy CHARA of the Georgia State University GSU . CHARA is the World s highest angular resolution telescope at near infrared wavelengths. It is located at the Mount Wilson Observatory , near Los Angeles, California . The CHARA Array is an interferometer formed from six 1 meter 40 inch telescopes arranged along three axes with a maximum separation length of 330 m. The light beams travel through vacuum tubes and are combined optically, requiring a building 100 meters long with movable mirrors to keep the light in phase as the earth rotates. CHARA began scientific use in 2002 and began routine operations in early 2004. In the infrared, the array has an interferometric imaging resolution of 0.0005 arcseconds . All six telescopes are in regular use for scientific observations and as of late 2005 imaging results are routinely acquired. The array captured the first image of the surface of a main sequence star other than the sun published in early 2007. ref http www.ns.umich.edu htdocs releases story.php?id 5877 U M astronomers capture the first image of surface features on a sun like star , University of Michigan , 2007 05 31 ref See also Image chara 2000 09 15.JPG thumb 250px Looking down on the top of Mount Wilson, including the historic 100 Hooker telescope center , the 60 telescope center left , and the GSU CHARA Array. Cambridge Optical Aperture Synthesis Telescope COAST Infrared Optical Telescope Array Magdalena Ridge Observatory Interferometer Palomar Testbed Interferometer Navy Prototype ... http olbin.jpl.nasa.gov news chara 18Sept05.html First 4 Telescope Fringes at the CHARA Array ... Array. III. Oblateness, Rotational Velocity and Gravity Darkening of Alderamin archiv.org http discovermagazine.com ... Category Interferometric telescopes observatory stub de CHARA Array it CHARA Array ru CHARA ... more details
Multiple issues unreferenced December 2009 context October 2009 Image HP HASS NIKE.jpg thumb Hewlett Packard disk arrays HASS top and NIKE OEM d Data General SCSI Clariion Image EMC Clariion CX500.jpg thumb EMC Corporation EMC CLARiiON CX500 Cover removed on one Shelf Image EMC Symmetrix DMX1000 Front.jpg thumb EMC Corporation EMC Symmetrix DMX1000 A disk array is a disk storage system which contains multiple disk drive s. It is differentiated from a disk enclosure , in that an array has cache memory and advanced functionality, like redundant array of independent disks RAID and Storage virtualization virtualization . Components of a typical disk array include Disk array controller s Cache memories Disk enclosure s Power supply Power supplies Typically a disk array provides increased availability, resiliency and maintainability by using additional, redundant components controllers, power supplies, fans, etc. , often up to the point when all single point of failure single points of failure SPOFs are eliminated from the design. Additionally those components are often hot swappable. Typically, disk arrays are divided into categories Network attached storage NAS arrays storage area network SAN arrays Modular SAN arrays Monolithic SAN arrays Utility Storage Arrays Storage virtualization DEFAULTSORT Disk Array Category Computer storage Category Fault tolerant computer systems Category RAID de Disk Array fr Baie de stockage ja pl Macierz dyskowa ru ... more details
Unsourced image removed Image Antenna flat panel.png thumb 400px A planar array fractal antenna In telecommunication s and radar , a planar array is an antenna electronics antenna in which all of the elements, both driven element active and passive radiator parasitic , are in one plane. A planar array provides a large aperture antenna aperture and may be used for directional beam control by varying the relative phase waves phase of each element. A planar array may be used with a reflecting screen behind the active plane. ref FS1037C MS188 ref A planar array with a reflecting screen is related to a Radar absorbent material radar absorber . Both are supposed not to reflect incoming radiation of the desired wavelength. Radar absorbers have the advantage that they can use magnetic materials to avoid reflections at the interface to air at least for some frequencies. For antennas to be broadband, the transition from air vacuum to the metal of the screen has to be a gradual one. Radar absorbers have the advantage that they do not have to collect the received energy. The antenna needs a Three dimensional space 3D tree of twin lead s and choke electronics chokes to connect a single cable to a large number of micro antennas. Micro dipole antennas are only resonant at a single high frequency, to be broadband the arms of adjoining antennas have to be connected. Footnotes reflist Category Radio frequency antenna types electronics stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2006 A tower array is an arrangement of multiple Radio masts and towers radio tower s which are mast radiator s in a phased array . Tower arrays can consist of free standing or guyed towers or a mix of them. Tower arrays are used to constitute a directional antenna of a mediumwave or longwave radio station . The number of towers in a tower array can vary. In many arrays all towers have the same height, but there are also arrays of towers of different height. The arrangement can vary. For directional antennas with fixed radiation pattern , linear arrangements are preferred, while for switchable directional patterns usually for daytime groundwave versus nighttime skywave , square arrangements are chosen. Examples Tower arrays with guyed masts Longwave transmitter Europe 1 Transmitter Weisskirchen Beidweiler Longwave Transmitter Transmitter Wachenbrunn Transmitter Ismaning VoA Station Tower arrays with free standing towers Junglinster Longwave Transmitter Orfordness transmitting station See also Twin Towers disambiguation directional antenna longwave mediumwave directional array DEFAULTSORT Tower Array Category Broadcast engineering Category Telecommunications equipment Category Telecommunications infrastructure Category Towers Category Radio frequency antenna types Mast stub ... more details
A line array is a loudspeaker system that is made up of a number of loudspeaker elements coupled together ... array displays a normally wide horizontal pattern useful for supplying sound to the majority of a concert ... as a horizontal line array unless the signal supplied to them is adjusted delayed, polarized, equalized ... increases the frequency range and maximum sound pressure level, whilst adding additional boxes to the array will also lower the frequency in which the array achieves a directional dispersion pattern. The large format line array has become the standard for large concert venues and outdoor festivals ... of the line array is generally curved backward to increase dispersion at the bottom of the array ... loudspeaker polar patterns, taken at six frequencies The line array effect of the narrowing of the beam ... line array concepts ref He published his findings in his 1957 text, Acoustical Engineering. ref http www.meyersound.com support papers line array theory.htm ref Olson used line array concepts to develop ... ref A multi band line array elements in a horizontally oriented enclosure was suggested by Joseph D ... talks about line array concepts ref However it was L Acoustics V DOSC line array in the mid 1990s ... boxes in a line array. As soon as people realized that there was no destructive interference in the horizontal ... arrays and thanks for asking P3 ref Theory Pure line array theory is based on pure geometry and the thought ... pattern of a line array. It means that when you stack a number of loudspeakers vertically ... the vertical dispersion will be and the higher the sensitivity will be on axis. A vertical array ... vertical coverage, the length of the array also plays a role in what wavelengths will be affected by this narrowing of dispersion. The longer the array, the lower frequency the pattern will control ... array will start to become omni directional, so the system will not conform to line array theory across ... an audio line array that follows the theory at low frequencies. However, the array requires ... more details
In computing , a parallel array is a data structure for representing array data structure array s of Record computer science records . It keeps a separate, homogeneous array for each field of the record, each having the same number of elements. Then, objects located at the same index in each array are implicitly the fields of a single record. Pointers from one object to another are replaced by array indices. This contrasts with the normal approach of storing all fields of each record together in memory. For example, one might declare an array of 100 names, each a string, and 100 ages, each an integer, associating each name with the age that has the same index. An example in C programming language C using parallel arrays source lang c int ages 0, 17, 2, 52, 25 char names None , Mike , Billy , Tom , Stan int parent 0 None , 3 Tom , 1 Mike , 0 None , 3 Tom for i 1 i 4 i printf Name s, Age d, Parent s n , names i , ages i , names parent i source in Perl using a hash of arrays to hold references to each array source lang perl my data first name Joe , Bob , Frank , Hans , last name Smith , Seger ... issues. For example, one of the fields of the record can be a single bit, and its array would only need ... so that it consumes an entire byte or a word. If the number of items is small, array indices can .... Sequentially examining a single field of each record in the array is very fast on modern machines, since this amounts to a linear traversal of a single array, exhibiting ideal locality of reference ... array . They are expensive to grow or shrink, since each of several arrays must be reallocated ... into groups of fields that are generally accessed together, an array can be constructed for each ... the portions of the structure tied together. An alternative to tying them together using array indexes ... dimensional array by declaring an array of n m size and referring to the r th field in record i as element as array m i r . Some compiler optimization s, particularly for vector processor s, are able ... more details
A microphone array is any number of microphone s operating in tandem . There are many applications Systems for extracting voice input from ambient noise level ambient noise notably telephone s, speech recognition systems, hearing aid s Surround sound and related technologies Locating objects by sound acoustic source localization , e.g. military use to locate the source s of artillery fire. Aircraft location and tracking. High fidelity original recordings Typically, an array is made up of omnidirectional microphones distributed about the perimeter of a space, linked to a computer that records and interprets the results into a coherent form. Arrays may also be formed using numbers of very closely spaced microphones. Given a fixed physical relationship in space between the different individual microphone transducer array elements, simultaneous DSP Digital signal processor processing of the signals from each of the individual microphone array elements can create one or more virtual microphones. Different algorithms permit the creation of virtual microphones with extremely complex virtual polar patterns and even the possibility to steer the individual lobes of the virtual microphones patterns so as to home in on, or to reject, particular sources of sound. An array of 1020 microphones http cag.csail.mit.edu mic array , the largest in the world, was built by researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT Csail Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory . Windows Vista computer operating system has built in support for microphone arrays for increasing the accuracy of its speech recognition feature, letting users connect multiple microphones to a single system ... of a microphone array in professional sound recording. See also Microphone Stereophonic sound ... to http www.labbookpages.co.uk audio beamforming.html microphone array beamforming DEFAULTSORT Microphone Array Category Microphones de Mikrofonarray nl Microfoonarray ru ... more details
Infobox power station name London Array Offshore Wind Farm image image caption location map England location ... began March 2011 commissioned 2012 expected decommissioned cost developer London Array Limited ... annual gen net generation website as of 8 March 2011 The London Array is a planned offshore wind farm ... London Array official site ref The site is convert 17.77 mi off the North Foreland on the Kent ... pdfs boundaries limits.pdf London Array boundary map PDF ref and will cover convert 90 sqmi km2 between ... London Array site http www.londonarray.com 2011 03 08 first foundation installed at london array ... array cables to link the turbines to each other and to the offshore substations and a new onshore substation ... title Siemens to provide 175 wind turbines for the world s largest offshore wind farm London Array ... Array prizes newspaper Upstream newspaper Upstream Online publisher NHST Media Group url http www.upstreamonline.com ... array040210 cite press release title London Array signs final major installation contracts for phase one publisher London Array date 2010 02 04 url http www.londonarray.com london array signs final ... export cable will supply by Nexans and array cables by JDR Cable Systems. The array cables will be installed ... 9 June 2010. ref The wind farm was planned to be built by London Array Limited, a consortium ... about London Array project introduction ref In May 2008, Shell announced that it was pulling ... offshore wind farm publisher The London Array accessdate 2008 08 16 ref Subsequently on 16 October 2008, London Array announced the Abu Dhabi based Masdar would join E.ON as a joint venture party ... business 2009 may 12 wind farm electricity london array Thames offshore wind farm gets green ... title E.ON and Masdar have joined forces as partners in the London Array offshore wind farm project publisher The London Array format PDF accessdate 2008 10 16 ref ref name off http www.renewableenergyworld.com rea news article 2009 05 london array given green lght?cmpid WNL Wednesday May13 2009 UK ... more details
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