expert subject Law date March 2010 expert subject Politics date March 2010 Collaborationism is cooperation with enemy force s against one s country . ref http dictionary.reference.com browse collaborationism?qsrc 2446 Collaborationism , The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition ref Legally, it may be considered as a form of treason . citation needed date March 2010 Collaborationism may be associated with Crime criminal deeds in the service of the occupying Power international power , which may include complicit y with the occupying power in murder , persecution s, pillage , and economy economic exploitation or participation in a puppet government . Etymology The term collaborate dates from 1871, and is a back formation from collaborator 1802 , from the French collaborateur as used during the Napoleonic Wars against smuggler s trading with England and assisting in the escape of monarchist s, and is itself derived from the Latin collaboratus , past participle of collaborare work with , from com with labore to work. The meaning of traitorous cooperation with the enemy ref p.469, Oxford English Dictionary ref dates from 1940, originally in reference to the Vichy France Vichy Government of France and those who cooperated with or helped the Nazis , following the French defeat in the Battle of France . ref p.70, Webster ref World War II main Collaboration with the Axis Powers during World War II German occupied zones France In France, a distinction emerged between the collaborateur and the collaborationniste . The latter expression is mainly used to describe individuals enrolled in pseudo Nazi parties, often based in Paris, who had an overwhelming belief in fascism fascist ideology or were simply anti communists. ref George Grossjohann. 2005. Five Years, Four Fronts . New York Ballantine Books. p. 155 ref Collaborateurs on the other hand, could engage in collaboration for a number of more pragmatic reasons, such as preventing infrastructure damage ... more details
the German Polish war, the OUN had been a faithful German auxiliary , according to ref Collaborationism ... as Ukrainian territory. ref Collaborationism in World War II The Integral Nationalist Variant ... Collaborationism in World War II The Integral Nationalist Variant in Eastern Europe, by John A. Armstrong ... more details
German Army intelligence units related with the Russian cause Fremde Heere Ost Intelligence Section Wehrmacht Propaganda IV or WPrIV German Commanders linked with Russian units SS Brigadef hrer Christoph Diehm SS Obersturmbannf hrer Hans Siegling SS Hauptsturmf hrer Albert L ffler SS Sturmbannf hrer Franz Henningfeld SS Brigadef hrer Peter Hansen SS officer Peter Hansen SS Standartenf hrer Gustav Lombard SS Oberf hrer Constantin Heldmann Russian Anti Soviet Leaders and Commanders Major Ivan K. Voskoboynikov probably, confusion with K. Voskoboynik, see below Waffen Brigadefuhrer der SS Bronislaw Kaminski Bronislav Vladislavovich Kaminski General Andrey Vlasov Andrei Andreivich Vlasov General Mikhail Meandrov Generalmajor Sergei Bunyachenko Generalmajor Georgi A. Zverev Officer Major Kostyenko Officer Colonel Sakharov Sonderfuhrer K officer later Major General of Wehrmacht Boris Smyslovsky , a.k.a. Artur Holmston Company Commander General Bredow Regimental Commander General Zinkevich Regimental Commander General Shatilov Staff Commander General Gontarev Officer Cadet Vasiliev General Mikhail Skorodumov General Boris Shteifon General Anatoly Rogozhin SS Commander General Frolov Russian political leaders Konstantin Voskoboynik Bronislaw Kaminski Andrey Vlasov Konstantin Rodzaevsky General Kislistin Russian volunteers in German Army forces Hiwi volunteer Hilfswillige or Hiwi Russians Osttruppen Russian Security forces Ostlegionen Russian sections 29th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS RONA 1st Russian 30th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS 2nd Russian 29th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS 1st Italian Russian volunteers unit S.S. Sturmbrigade R.O.N.A. Kaminski Brigade Waffen Sturm Brigade RONA, Volksheer Brigade Kaminski Russian Liberation Army ROA Guard Corps Brigade of ROA 2nd KONR Division 600. Russische Infanterie Division 1st KONR Division 650. Russische Infanterie Division 3rd KONR Division in development still at the end of the war Freiwilligen Stamm Regimen ... more details
Belarusian volunteers in the German army Belarusian Abwehr Brandenburg Sabouteur agents Vorkommando Einsatzgruppe B, also Vorkommando Moskau Belarusian Interior Guard BKA 29th Waffen SS Division weissruthenische Gr. Waffen Grenadier Brigade der SS wei ruthenische Nr. 1 30.Waffen Grenadier Division der SS weissruthenische Nr. 1 weissruthenische Waffen Grenadier Regiment der SS 75 I. weissruthenische Waffen Grenadier Regiment der SS 75 II. weissruthenische Waffen Grenadier Regiment der SS 75 III. weissruthenische Waffen Grenadier Regiment der SS 75 weissruthenische Artillerie Abteilung weissruthenische Panzerj ger Abteilung weissruthenische Reiter Schwadron Waffen Sturm brigade Belarus orny Kot Black Cat Special undercover unit German Commanders and officers associated with Belarus SS Officer Dr. Franz Six General Reinhard Gehlen , Chief of German East Front Intelligence with offices in Smolensk Generalkommissar Wilhelm Kube SS General Kurt von Gottberg SS Colonel Otto Skorzeny SS Standartenf hrer Hans Siegling Belarusian anti communist commanders micier Kasmovi , the police chief of Smolensk Franci ak Ku al , Commander of local BKA police forces Micha Vitu ka , Commander of orny Kot Black Cat special unit Belarusian political leaders Radas a Astro ski , Mayor of Smolensk and later the President of Belarusian Central Rada Jury Sabale ski , Major of Baranavi y and Vice President of the Belarusian Central Council Priest Mika aj apicki , Orthodox priest and Editor in Chief of the Ranica newspaper Vac a Ivano ski , Alderman of Minsk Ivan Jerma enka also known as Herr Jawohl , local political adviser Stanis a Stankievi , Mayor of Barysa Emmanuel Jasiuk , Mayor of Klecak Ja chim Kipel , president of the Second All Belarusian Rada Congress Ivan Kasiak , Belarusian provincial governor Jury Barty evi , Minister of Administration of occupational Astro ski government Anton Adamovi , member in self help Belarusian organization Miko a Abram yk , Intelligence Minister ... more details
lead missing date July 2010 unreferenced date July 2010 File Bundesarchiv Bild 101I 177 1465 04, Griechenland, Soldat der Legion Freies Arabien .jpg thumb 250px right Soldier of the Free Arabian Legion in Greece, September 1943. Arabian volunteers Deutsch Arabische Lehr Abteilung Arabian volunteers Deutsch Arabisches Bataillon Nr 845 Arab volunteers Ostt rkischer Waffen Verband der SS or 1.Ostmuselmanisches SS Regiment Arabs, Turks and other Middle Eastern volunteers Freiwilligen Stamm Regiment 1 Turkish volunteers Azerbaijani,Georgian and Armenians volunteers Armenische Legion Armenian volunteers 30.Waffen Grenadier Division der SS russische Nr. 2 Armenians, Tatars Volunteers units Azerbajdjanische Legion or Kaukasisch Mohammedanische Legion Azerbaijani volunteers Sonderverband Bergmann Armenian, Georgian and Azerbaijani Volunteers Georgian Legion 1941 1945 Georgische Legion Georgian volunteers but also included volunteers from other peoples of the region Freiwilligen Stamm Regiment 1 Georgians volunteers Freiwilligen Stamm Regiment 2 Armenians & Azerbaijanis SS Waffengruppe Georgien Georgian volunteers SS Waffengruppe Aserbeidschan Azeri volunteers SS Waffengruppe Armenien Armenians volunteers Waffen Gruppe Aserbaijan Azeri volunteers I.Sonderverband Bergmann Battalion Georgian volunteers II.Sonderverband Bergmann Battalion Azerbaijani volunteers North Caucasian volunteers Kaukasischer Waffen Verband der SS or Freiwilligen Brigade Nordkaukasien volunteers from the North Caucasus region Nordkaukasische Legion volunteers from the North Caucasus region Freiwilligen Stamm Regiment 1 North Caucasians volunteers SS Waffengruppe Nordkaukasus North Caucasian volunteers Central Asian volunteers 16 Turkistan Infanterie Division Turkestani Volunteers Muselmanischen SS Division Neu Turkistan Turkestani volunteers Turkestanische Legion volunteers from Central Asia Uzbeks, Kazakhs, Turkomen, Dagestanis and Chechens . B hler Brigade Turkestani volunteers 1.Turkestanisches Arbeit ... more details
wiktionary collaboration Collaboration is a process where two or more people or organizations work together to realise shared goals. Collaboration may also refer to Collaboration Tommy Emmanuel album Collaboration magazine , a magazine dedicated to the spiritual and evolutionary vision of Sri Aurobindo and The Mother Collaboration George Benson & Earl Klugh album Collaborationism is working with an enemy occupier against one s own country the term was often used in World War II disambig uk ... more details
wiktionary collaborator Collaborator or collaborators may refer to Collaboration , working with others for a common goal Collaboration Japanese Agents and Local Elites in Wartime China , a 2005 history book by Timothy Brook Collaborationism , working with an enemy occupier against one s own country Collaborator novel Collaborator novel , alternate history novel by Murray Davies The Collaborator , a second season episode of Star Trek Deep Space Nine The Collaborators , a Canadian police television drama Collaborator film Collaborator film , an upcoming comedy drama film written and directed by Martin Donovan Collaborators Battlestar Galactica Collaborators V TV series Collaborators play , 2011 British play See also Collaborative method Collaborative learning disambig ... more details
The Lov en Brigade was an armed force in World War II Independent State of Montenegro Montenegro led by Krsto Zrnov Popovi and the Zelena i . The unit was formed in September, 1942 with the approval of Kingdom of Italy 1861 1946 Fascist Italy . The army was made up of I battalion, based in evo , commanded by Du an Vukovi II battalion based in Rijeka Crnojevi a , commanded by oko Drecun III battalion based in Br eli , commanded by Petar Vulekovi IV battalion based in Velimlja , commanded by Risto Radovi See also Zelena i Independent State of Montenegro Yugoslav Axis collaborationism Category Military units and formations of Yugoslavia in World War II Category History of Montenegro Category Article Feedback 5 hr Crnogorska narodna vojska 1942. 1944. pl Brygada Lov en ru sr ... more details
Fran ois Spirito was a member of the Unione Corse Marseille underworld in France, associated with Paul Carbone . After the French Liberation Liberation of France French Liberation , Spirito fled to Spain and thence to South America, where he took part in the French Connection heroin trade . He was put on trial in 1952 for Collaborationism and died in 1967. See also French Connection References Une histoire du milieu , J rome Pierrat, 2003 Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Spirito, Francois ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 1967 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Spirito, Francois Category French Connection mobsters Category Corsican Nazi collaborators Category French people of Italian descent Category 1967 deaths France bio stub de Fran ois Spirito fr Fran ois Spirito ... more details
Samborski may refer to the following People Sambor I of Pomerania duke of Eastern Pomerania from 1180 1207 Sambor II Tczewski Prince of Pomerania, father of Margaret Sambiria Leszek Samborski Polish politician, Member of Parliament MP Artur Nacht Samborski Polish Kapist painter Adolph Samborski Harvard baseball head coach Tadeusz Samborski Polish politician, Member of Parliament MP Bogus aw Samborski Gottlieb Sambor Polish actor, German Collaborationism collaborator Marek Samborski Polish politician, MP Antoni Samborski Polish politician, MP Places of or relating to History of Sambir Sambor a historically Polish city currently located in the Ukraine of or relating to Sambor County a historically Polish county currently located in the Ukraine dab de Samborski uk ... more details
La Nouvelle Revue Fran aise NRF , or The New French Review in English is a literary magazine founded in 1909 by a group of intellectuals, including Andr Gide , Jacques Copeau, and Jean Schlumberger. ref La Nouvelle Revue fran aise NRF . 2010 . In Encyclop dia Britannica. Retrieved July 21, 2010, from Encyclop dia Britannica Online http www.britannica.com EBchecked topic 420933 La Nouvelle Revue francaise ref In 1911, Gaston Gallimard became editor of the revue, which led to the founding of the publishing house, ditions Gallimard . Established writers such as Paul Bourget and Anatole France contributed to the magazine from its early days. The magazine s influence grew until, during the between war period, it became the leading literary journal, occupying a unique role in French culture. The first published works by Andr Malraux and Jean Paul Sartre were in the pages of the Revue . After liberation, the magazine was forbidden for collaborationism , but reopened in 1953. The Revue was a monthly for many years, but is currently a quarterly. Directors 1908 1914 Andr Gide Interruption due to war 1919 1925 Jacques Rivi re 1925 1940 Jean Paulhan 1940 1945 Pierre Drieu La Rochelle Forbidden for collaborationism 1946 1968 Jean Paulhan 1968 1977 Marcel Arland 1977 1987 Georges Lambrichs 1987 1996 Jacques R da 1996 1999 Bertrand Visage 1999 Michel Braudeau References Reflist Anna Louise Milne , The Extreme In Between Jean Paulhan s Place in the Twentieth Century Oxford Legenda, 2006 See Also List of literary magazines External links http www.gallimard.fr catalog html revue nrf .htm Catalog DEFAULTSORT Nouvelle Revue Francaise, La Category French literary magazines Category Publications established in 1909 br NRF de Nouvelle Revue Fran aise es La Nouvelle Revue Fran aise fr La Nouvelle Revue fran aise it Nouvelle Revue Fran aise nl Nouvelle Revue fran aise ja no Nouvelle Revue Fran aise pl Nouvelle Revue Fran aise uk ... more details
The Lorenzen group Denmark Danish Lorenzengruppen was an armed paramilitary group of Denmark Danish Collaborationism collaborator s, subordinate to the HIPO Corps , which was active during the period December 1944 May 1945. The group is named after its founder J rgen Lorenzen, who in 1944 began service in the Nazi Germany German secret police and created the group as section 9c to the HIPO Corps. The group were ordered mainly to fight the Danish resistance movement . The group performed numerous murders and accounted for 600 800 arrests of suspected resistance fighters and often took advantage of torture. Much of the Lorenzen group fled on May 4, 1945 to a cottage in Asserbo in Zealand Denmark Nordsj lland . Here they were planning to wait for daily life to return to normal in Denmark. A group of 19 men and women were discovered, however, and local freedom fighters with homemade armoured vehicles arrested the group after a heavy shelling of the cottage. Under fire, 2 were killed, 1 committed suicide, 5 were seriously wounded, while the remaining 11 survived with small injuries. 10 of its members were sentenced to death after the war, including the leader J rgen Lorenzen who was executed May 10, 1949. Six of these death sentences were however reduced to life imprisonment. The last imprisoned members of the group were released in 1959. See also Peter group , pro German, Danish terrorist group Milice fran aise , Vichy French, paramilitary group Security Battalions , Greek pro German paramilitary group References cite book first Erik last Haaest year 2007 title Hipofolk publisher Documentas External links http ditt.almanet.dk Lorenzengrp.html Webpage about the Lorenzen group in Danish Denmark hist stub Danish Nazi collaborationism Category Sabotage Category Danish Nazi collaborators Category Paramilitary organizations da Lorenzen gruppen pl Grupa Lorenzena ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Polish Underground State sidebar Directorate of Civil Resistance Polish language Polish Kierownictwo Walki Cywilnej , short KWC was one of the branches of the Government Delegate s Office at Home Polish Government Delegate s Office during World War II . Its main tasks were to maintain the morale of the Poland Polish society, encourage passive resistance , report German atrocities and cruelties to the Polish Government in Exile , and to organize sabotage . In addition, it was responsible for the law and justice in occupied Poland. It organized trials of high treason traitors , Collaborationism collaborator s and agent provocateur provocateurs as well as the most cruel members of the Wehrmacht , Gestapo and SS . The verdicts varied from boycott , Fine penalty fines , and Corporal punishment lash to capital punishment . The trials were carried out by civil Special Courts and the verdicts were enforced by the Panstwowy Korpus Bezpieczenstwa Pa stwowy Korpus Bezpiecze stwa . From 1942 on, the KWC also prosecuted crimes such as theft , rape , and murder . The KWC was headed by Stefan Korbo ski . In 1943 it was joined with Directorate of Covert Resistance and formed the Directorate of Underground Resistance . See also small sabotage DEFAULTSORT Directorate Of Civil Resistance Category History of Poland 1939 1945 Category Polish Underground State Poland hist stub WWII stub pl Kierownictwo Walki Cywilnej ... more details
Image Josef Dvorak.jpg thumb upright Josef Dvo k 2008 Josef Dvo k born in Horn Cerekev , Czech Republic , April 25, 1942 is a Czech people Czech actor. He started his career in Kada from where Pavel Fiala took him to Kladivadlo in st nad Labem . He was an external actor in theatre Semafor in 1972 1990. In 1990 he established his own theatre company Divadeln spole nost Josefa Dvo ka . He is famous for his movie roles of Vodn k water spirit . In 2007 the press discovered his Collaborationism collaboration with communist secret police, the StB http data.idnes.cz g zpravy komik 01.html . External links http www.csfd.cz herec.php?1449&top Filmography Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Dvorak, Josef ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH April 25, 1942 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Dvorak, Josef Category Czech actors Dvorak, Josef Category Living people Category 1942 births cs Josef Dvo k de Josef Dvo k pl Josef Dvo k ... more details
Infobox Book See Wikipedia WikiProject Books name The Patriotic Traitors image image caption author David Littlejohn cover artist country United Kingdom language English language English , German language German series genre History publisher Heinemann book publisher Heinemann release date 1972 media type pages 391 pp isbn ISBN 0 434 42725 X dewey 940.53 163 congress D802.A2 L57 oclc 475283 preceded by followed by The Patriotic Traitors A History of Collaboration in German Occupied Europe, 1940 45 is a 1972 book by David Littlejohn . It is a history of the Europe an nationalists who took part in collaborationism with the Third Reich . Individual chapters are devoted to Norway , Denmark , the Netherlands , Belgium , France , and the Soviet Union . See also Pursuit of Nazi collaborators DEFAULTSORT Patriotic Traitors Category 1972 books Category History books about Germany Category History books about World War II Category History books about Norway Category History books about Denmark Category History books about the Netherlands Category History books about Belgium Category History books about France Category History books about the Soviet Union Category 20th century history books hist book stub ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2008 Radiola was a Commercial broadcasting privately owned France French radio station which broadcast under that name from 6 November 1922 until 28 March 1924, to promote the Radiola receiver Radiola Receiver radio radio receivers produced by the Soci t fran aise radio lectrique SFR . It made its first test transmissions on 26 June 1922 and broadcast its first news program news bulletin on 6 January 1923. Radiola s star announcer was Marcel Laporte . Renamed Radio Paris on 29 March 1924, the station was nationalization taken into public ownership on 17 December 1933. It was to remain on air &ndash under the control of the Nazi authorities and French Collaborationism collaborationists &ndash throughout the German occupation of France during World War II German occupation of France in World War II until the liberation of Paris in August 1944. br clear all Category Radio stations in France Category Defunct radio stations Europe radio station stub fr Radiola station ... more details
orphan date March 2010 Jan Emil Skiwski 13 February 1894, Warsaw 2 March 1956, Caracas was a Polish writer, journalist and literary critic. An extremist supporter of National Democracy and Fascism , he later became a Collaborationism collaborator with Nazi Germany , and a publisher of pro Nazi Polish newspapers in occupied Poland . He escaped the Soviet armies and spend the rest of his life living under a different name in Venezuela . References Maciej Urbanowski, Cz owiek z g bszego podziemia ycie i tw rczo Jana Emila Skiwskiego , Wydawnictwo Arcana, Krak w 2003. Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Skiwski, Jan Emil ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 13 February 1894 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 2 March 1956 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Skiwski, Jan Emil Category 1894 births Category 1956 deaths Category People from Warsaw Category Polish Nazi collaborators Poland bio stub pl Jan Emil Skiwski ... more details
The Democratic Socialist Party lang fr Parti socialiste d mocratique , PSD was a French socialist political party during the French Fourth Republic , founded in 1945 by members expelled from the French Section of the Workers International SFIO following the Liberation of France for wartime Collaborationism collaboration with the Nazi Germany German occupiers. The PSD s most famous leader is Paul Faure politician Paul Faure , the general secretary of the SFIO from 1920 to 1940. The PSD rallied the pacifist wing of the SFIO, opposed to intervention in the Spanish Civil War . On October 16, 1946, the PSD joined the Rally of Republican Lefts RGR . Until 1952, the PSD had around 6,700 members but the PSD disappeared by 1954 when most of its leaders had either died or re joined the SFIO. The PSD, while active in numerous French trade unions, was weak electorally due to the ineligibility of certain PSD members for wartime collaboration. However, Julien Satonnet was elected to the Senate of France Council of the Republic under the RGR etiquette in 1946. A year earlier, Satonnet had won the Chalon sur Sa ne municipal elections, and served as mayor of the city until 1952. Category Defunct political parties in France Category Left wing parties in France Category Political parties established in 1945 Category Political parties disestablished in 1954 fr Parti socialiste d mocratique France nl Parti Socialiste D mocratique ... more details
Schalburgtage was the popular name for the terrorism terrorist retribution which Nazi Germany Germans and their Denmark Danish Collaborationism collaborator s carried out as a revenge for resistance activity in the last part of the occupation of Denmark between 1944 and 1945. The word is partially a reference to sabotage and partially to the Schalburg Corps who carried out most of the actions. The occupying power called it counter sabotage , but the Danes quickly adopted the name schalburgtage. In fact, most of the schalburgtage was carried out by the Peter group , most of whose members were also members of the Schalburg Corps. The terror was directed against both the Danish resistance movement and Danish society in general. This terrorism introduced revenge killings of estemed Danes which occurred when a German soldier or a Danish informant was killed. These killings were called clearing murder s. See also Schalburg Corps Schalburg Cross Denmark hist stub Category Sabotage Category Terrorism in Denmark Category Denmark in World War II da Schalburgtage sv Schalburgtage ... more details
The Peter group Denmark Danish Petergruppen was a terrorist group created in late 1943 during the occupation of Denmark by the Nazi Germany German occupying power. The group inflicted so called counter sabotage, also known as Schalburgtage , in response to the Danish resistance movement sabotage actions. The group was named after its German instigator Otto Schwerdt aka Peter Sch fer. Later it also became known as the Br ndum gang in reference to one of its members, Henning E. Br ndum , decisive role in numerous actions. The group is infamous for the murder of Kaj Munk on January 4, 1944 and the destruction of the lookout tower Odinst rnet in Odense on December 14, 1944. Seven members, including Henning E. Br ndum, of the group were sentenced to death in April 1947 and executed in May 1947. See also Lorenzen Group References cite book first Frank last B gh year 2004 title Peter Gruppen Tysk terror i Danmark publisher Documentas isbn 87 91345 23 5 cite book first V. Rauer last Bergstr m year 1977 title Hellere hertug i Helvede publisher Bogan isbn 87 87533 46 4 External links http ditt.almanet.dk Petergruppen.html Webpage about the Peter group in Danish Danish Nazi collaborationism Category Sabotage Category Danish Nazi collaborators Denmark hist stub da Petergruppen de Petergruppe pl Grupa Petera ... more details
File Leistungsrune.jpg thumb Germanische Leistungsrune in bronze The Germanic Proficiency Runes German Germanische Leistungsrune was a decoration of the German SS , issued as a type of sports badge to members of the Germanic SS . In many ways, the badge was similar to the SA Sports Badge and the German Sports Badge , but was intended to be awarded solely to non German members of the Germanic SS who were serving the SS in countries under Nazi occupation. A short lived predecessor to the Germanic Proficiency Runes was the rare SS Sports Badge . The award was issued in a bronze and silver grade, depending on the physical fitness physical prowess displayed by the person so awarded. Very few Germanic Proficiency Rune badges survived World War II , most often since they were destroyed to avoid the holders from being identified as Nazi Collaborationism collaborators . In the film Inglourious Basterds , the character of Hans Landa , who is Austrian prominently displays the Germanic Proficiency Runes badge, even though for an Sicherheitsdienst SD Colonel to possess the award would have been highly unusual. External links http www.axishistory.com index.php?id 1867 Germanic Proficiency Runes description including picture Category Orders, decorations, and medals of Nazi Germany de Germanische Leistungsrune no Germanske Dugleiksrune ... more details
The Legion of Death lang sl Legija Smrti was a regimental size Slovenia n anti Communist militia of the Second World War . It consisted of three battalion s and was formed in August 1942 when the Slovenian Chetnik Styria n battalion was incorporated into the Anti Communist Volunteer Militia , the anti Communist militia of the Fascist Italians who occupied Slovenia at the time. It mainly fought against the Communist Yugoslav Partisans . The unit reached a strength of 1731 members in October 1942, but plans for further expansion were never realized. The unit was mainly led by former Yugoslav Royal Army officers. When the Capitulation of Italy Italians capitulated in 1943, the unit was disbanded and its members absorbed into the Slovene Home Guard units. Yugoslav Axis collaborationism Category Military units and formations established in 1942 Category Military units and formations disestablished in 1943 Category History of Slovenia Category Collaboration during World War II Category Eastern European World War II resistance movements Category Yugoslavia in World War II Slovenia stub WWII stub ru sl Legija smrti ... more details
to the HIPO Corps. After the war, service in the HIPO corps was one of those crimes of collaborationism ... Texts English 00table.htm Webpage with details about HIPO Corps Denmark hist stub Danish Nazi collaborationism ... more details
Kalevi Liiva are sand dune s in J el htme Parish in Harju County , Estonia . The site is located near the Baltic coast, north of the J gala village an the former J gala concentration camp . It is best known as the execution site of up to 6,000 Jew and Roma Holocaust victims. Execution site The Kalevi Liiva site served as the execution and burial site for trainloads of Central European Jews transported to Estonia for extermination. Other victims include Gypsies and political prisoners of mainly Estonians Estonian and Russians Russian origin. The mass execution were carried out by Occupation of Estonia by Nazi Germany Estonian collaborationism Nazi collaborators under German supervision. One German, Bergman, was present. At least two trainloads of Jews arrived at the Raasiku railway station, one from Theresienstadt on September 5, 1942, and another from Germany in mid September. The trains carried over 2,000 people, mainly German Jews German and Czechoslovakia n Jews , about 450 of whom were Selektion selected for forced labor and interned at the J gala concentration camp , the rest were transferred by bus to Kalevi Liiva and immediately executed. The Estonians in charge of the executions, Aleksander Laak , Ain Ervin Mere and Ralf Gerrets were implicated in the Holocaust trials in Soviet Estonia in 1961 and charged with murdering up to 5000 German Jews German and Czechoslovakia n Jews and Romani people Gypsies in 1942 1943. ref http uudised.err.ee index.php?0574355 Estonian reference ref Estimates of the total number of victims vary. The two memorial stones on the site cite 6,000 Jews and 2,000 Roma. Contemporary sources estimate at least 1,700 probably 1,754 Jews killed at Kalevi Liiva, other known victims include forty Gypsies and a number of political prisoners of mainly Estonians Estonian and Russians Russian origin ref Anton Weiss Wendt Murder Without Hatred Estonians and the Holocaust 2009. p. 238 ref . See also Ain Ervin Mere Collaboration during World War II C ... more details
Joseph Barth lemy born 8 July 1874 in Toulouse died 14 May 1945 was a France French jurist, politician and journalist. Initially a critic of Nazi Germany , he would go on to serve as a minister in the collaborationism collaborationist Vichy regime . Early years The son of Aim Barth lemy, a left wing mayor of Toulouse , Joseph Barth lemy followed the legal profession and rose to become professor of law at the University of Paris . ref name Webster P. Webster, Petain s Crime , London Pan Books, 2001, p. 122 ref As one of the leading French Roman Catholic Church Catholic intellectuals of the 1930s, Barth lemy was initially noted as a strong critic of Nazism , in particular the anti Semitism of the movement. ref M. Curtis, Verdict on Vichy , London Phoenix Press, 2004, p. 311 ref Vichy Although Barth lemy was position on the moderate right wing politics right he was attracted to Vichy because of the initial approval of the new regime shown by his mentor Charles Maurras . ref Curtis, Verdict on Vichy , p. 43 ref Like his ally Pierre tienne Flandin , Barth lemy supported pacifism in relation to Nazi Germany and was also firmly anti communist , two factors that saw both men move towards collaborationism. ref Curtis, Verdict on Vichy , p. 79 ref Active as a Democratic Republican Alliance member of parliament from before the war, he succeeded Rapha l Alibert as Ministry of Justice France Minister of Justice in February 1941. ref name Webster In this role he signed the 1941 law that brought in the section sp ciales , a supposedly counter terrorist measure that in fact gave these new bodies the power to pass down life imprisonment and death sentences without the right of appeal. After the war Barth lemy would claim that he had only signed this law under pressure from Interior Minister Pierre Pucheu . ref Curtis, Verdict on Vichy , p. 92 ref Indeed Barth lemy sought to portray Pucheu as a hard line Nazism Nazi and a man with a taste for intrigue, conspiracy and violence and a ... more details
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