Taxobox name Cardiovirus virus group iv ordo Picornavirales familia Picornaviridae genus Cardiovirus type species Encephalomyocarditis virus subdivision ranks Species subdivision Encephalomyocarditis virus br Theilovirus Cardiovirus is a genus within the family Picornaviridae . The genus comprises two species Encephalomyocarditis virus and Theilovirus . Encephalomyocarditis virus has only one serotype of the same name , while Theilovirus consists of four viruses which are probably serologically distinct these are Theiler s murine enceaphalomyelitis virus TMEV , Vilyuisk human encephalomyelitis virus VHEV , a Theiler like virus TLV of rats which has yet to be named and Saffold virus SAF V . Cardioviruses infect vertebrates. The virion is non enveloped and contains a strand of positive sense, single stranded RNA . The virion shows icosahedral symmetry and is around 30 nm in diameter. The 3 end of the genome encodes a polyadenylation polyA tail while the 5 end encodes a genome linked protein. A unique feature of this genus is the presence of the L protein that is made out of frame from the polyprotein and is present in the DA subgroup of TMEV and is found to be important for the virus pathogenesis. In the case of encephalomyocarditis virus, the virus can cause encephalitis and myocarditis, mostly in rodents, which are natural host biology host s. The virus is transmitted from rodents to other animals. Severe epidemics have been seen in swine and elephant s. ref name Fenner cite book author Fenner FJ. Gibbs EPJ, Murphy FA, Rott R, Studdert MJ, White, DO title Veterinary Virology 2nd ed. publisher Academic Press, Inc year 1993 isbn 0 12 253056 X ref Replication of cardioviruses is dependent on a structured RNA element called the Cardiovirus cis acting replication element CRE . References See http en.wikipedia.org wiki Wikipedia Footnotes for a discussion of different citation ... 2 External links http www.expasy.org viralzone all by species 99.html Viralzone Cardiovirus Category ... more details
Rfam box acc RF00453 description Cardiovirus cis acting replication element CRE abbreviation Cardiovirus CRE avg length 33.00 avg identity 87.00 type Cis reg se PMID 10500216 ss Published PMID 10500216 release 10.0 This family represents a Cardiovirus cis acting replication element CRE which is located within the region encoding the capsid protein VP2 and is required for viral replication . ref cite journal last Lobert first PE coauthors Escriou N, Ruelle J, Michiels T year 1999 title A coding RNA sequence acts as a replication signal in cardioviruses journal Proc Natl Acad Sci USA volume 96 pages 11560&ndash 11565 pmid 10500216 doi 10.1073 pnas.96.20.11560 issue 20 pmc 18073 ref References reflist 1 External links Rfam id RF00453 name Cardiovirus cis acting replication element CRE Category Cis regulatory RNA elements molecular cell biology stub ... more details
Taxobox name Mengovirus virus group iv familia Picornaviridae genus Cardiovirus species Encephalomyocarditis virus subdivision ranks Subtype subdivision Mengovirus Mengovirus , also known as Columbia SK virus , mouse Elberfield virus and Encephalomyocarditisvirus EMCV , belongs to the genus Cardiovirus which is a member of the Picornaviridae . Its genome is a single stranded positive sense RNA molecule, making the Mengoviruses a Virus classification class IV virus under the Baltimore classification system. The genome is approximately 8400nt in length, and has 5 VG protein Virus genome protein and a 3 polyadenine tail. Structure The Mengovirus is a non enveloped virus which has a nucleocapsid made up of 12 subunits. The virion is 30 nm in diameter and displays icosohedral symmetry. Gene Expression and Genome Replication Once inside a host cell, the Mengovirus genome acts as a piece of mRNA, and is directly translated by host ribosomes in the cytoplasm. There is a large un translated region at the 5 end of the RNA that has a ribosome binding site, removing the need of a cap. A single polypeptide is made, and is cleaved into individual proteins by viral proteases. The genome is divided into three parts P1, P2 and P3. P1 encodes the virus capsid proteins, P2 and P3 encode genes required for genome replication to occur. For replication to occur an intermediate double stranded RNA molecule is made to be used as a template for the production of positive sense genomes. Infection Mengovirus is infectious to vertebrate animals, and has been isolated from mice and other rodents. It can also cause acute fever in humans. There is no specific treatment for a Mengovirus infection, and the illness is not severe enough to require vaccination. The Mengovirus is able to suppress the host s immune response by reducing the expression of NF B Nuclear Factor kappa B using the 5 un translated region. References Rueckert RR 1990 Picornavirus and their multiplication. In Fields BN, Knipe ... more details
Theiler s Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus TMEV is a single stranded RNA murine cardiovirus from the family Picornaviridae that has been used as a mouse model for studying virally induced paralysis as well as encephalomyelitis comparable to Multiple sclerosis . ref cite journal last1 Stavrou first1 S last2 Feng first2 Z last3 Lemon first3 SM last4 Roos first4 RP title Different strains of Theiler s murine encephalomyelitis virus antagonize different sites in the type I interferon pathway journal Journal of virology volume 84 issue 18 pages 9181 9 year 2010 pmid 20610716 pmc 2937600 doi 10.1128 JVI.00603 10 ref Depending on the mouse and viral strain , viral pathogenesis can range from negligible, to chronic or acute encephalomyelitis. Discovery The virus was discovered by Nobel Prize winning virologist Max Theiler in 1937 while working at the Rockefeller Institute . ref http nobelprize.org nobel prizes medicine laureates 1951 theiler bio.html ref ref cite journal doi 10.1084 jem.65.5.705 last1 Theiler first1 M title Spontaneous Encephalomyelitis of Mice, A New Virus Disease journal The Journal of experimental medicine volume 65 issue 5 pages 705 19 year 1937 pmid 19870629 pmc 2133518 ref Known mostly for his work with Yellow Fever , Theiler s encephalomyelitis virus was discovered during research on poliovirus like symptoms in mice. Strains There are several different strains of TMEV that are characterized by their pathology as well as genetic sequencing and proteomics . The two major groups are listed below, but there are several other strains in the same group as DA such as BeAn . GDVII TMEV GDVII virus is characterized by acute encephalomyelitis in succeptible mice, with a high mortality rate and no viral persistence after viral clearance by the immune system . No demyelination occurs in surviving mice. The GDVII L protein is specific in that it downregulates the anti ... Saffold Virus, a Human Theiler s Like Cardiovirus, is Ubiquitous and Causes Infection Early in Life ... more details
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