Cardiotoxicity is the occurrence of heart electrophysiology dysfunction or and muscle damage. The heart becomes weaker and is not as efficient in pumping and therefore circulating blood. Cardiotoxicity may be caused by chemotherapy treatment, complications from anorexia nervosa , adverse effects of heavy metals intake, or an incorrectly administered drug such as bupivacaine . See also Batrachotoxin Heart failure drugs intrection References Chemocare.com http www.chemocare.com managing fullstory.sps?iNewsid 24392 Toxins Category Cardiology Category Toxicology med toxic stub cs Kardiotoxicita gl Cardiotoxicidade ... more details
developments in antitumor activity and cardiotoxicity journal Pharmacol. Rev. volume 56 issue ... drug reaction adverse effects are heart damage cardiotoxicity , which considerably limits their usefulness ... Cardiotoxicity As well as many of the expected adverse reactions of chemotherapeutic agents, anthracyclines are notorious for causing cardiotoxicity. This cardiotoxicity may be caused by many factors ... of the anthracycline in the heart. The cardiotoxicity often presents as Electrocardiogram ECG changes ... after treatment . This cardiotoxicity is related to a patient s cumulative lifetime dose. A patient ... anthracycline. There exists evidence that the effect of cardiotoxicity increases in long term survivors ... by the Oncologist in order to reduce the risk of cardiotoxicity. Cardiac monitoring echocardiogram ... is a cardioprotectant that is sometimes used to reduce the risk of cardiotoxicity it has been found to reduce the risk of anthracycline cardiotoxicity by about two thirds, without affecting response ... more details
response, the combination resulted in unacceptable cardiotoxicity, including risk of cardiac failure ... less cardiotoxicity and equal anticancer activity . The clearance of doxorubicin in patients receiving ... the cardiotoxicity of Myocet Vs. conventional doxorubicin, 2 of patients given Myocet developed ... more details
, diarrhoea , vomiting, rash, headache, itching and elevated liver enzymes. It can be associated with cardiotoxicity ... RL title Mechanism of cardiotoxicity of halofantrine journal Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. volume 67 issue ... cardiotoxicity related to halofantrine a review based on a worldwide safety data base journal Malaria ... more details
drugs which maintain the biological activity, but do not possess the cardiotoxicity of the anthracyclines ... cardiotoxicity. Retrieved on 2009 May 24. ref Pixantrone was developed to reduce heart damage ... effects than those resulting from doxorubicin therapy. However, mitoxantrone was not totally free of cardiotoxicity ... Retrieved on 2009 05 16 ref Pixantrone was shown to have potentially reduced cardiotoxicity and demonstrated ... a new immunosuppressant in multiple sclerosis with a low cardiotoxicity journal J. Neurol. Sci. volume ... in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis but with lower cardiotoxicity. Pixantrone inhibits ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Cinchonism Image Caption DiseasesDB 11124 ICD10 ICD10 T 37 2 t 36 ICD9 ICD9 386.9 , ICD9 961.4 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Cinchonism or quinism is a pathology pathological condition in humans caused by an overdose of quinine or its natural source, cinchona bark. Quinine is medically used to treat malaria . In much smaller amounts, quinine is an ingredient of Tonic water tonic drinks, acting as a bittering agent. Cinchonism can occur from therapeutic doses of quinine, either from one or several large doses, or from small doses over a longer period of time, not from the amounts used in tonic drinks, but possibly from ingestion of tonic water as a beverage over a lengthy period of time. Quinidine Class 1A antiarrhythmic agent anti arrhythmic can also cause cinchonism symptoms to develop with just one dose. Signs and symptoms Symptom s of mild cinchonism which may occur from standard therapeutic doses of quinine include flushed and sweaty skin, ringing of the ears tinnitus , blurred vision, impaired hearing, confusion, reversible high frequency hearing loss, headache, abdominal pain, rashes, drug induced lichenoid reaction Lichen planus lichenoid photosensitivity http bmj.bmjjournals.com cgi content full 310 6981 738 a?maxtoshow , Balance disorder vertigo , dizziness , dysphoria , nausea , vomiting and diarrhea . Large doses of quinine may lead to severe symptoms of cinchonism skin rashes, deafness reversible , somnolence , diminished visual acuity or blindness, anaphylactic shock , and disturbances in cardiac arrhythmia cardiac rhythm or conduction, death from cardiotoxicity. Quinine may also trigger a rare form of hypersensitivity reaction in malaria patients termed blackwater fever that results in massive hemolysis , hemoglobinemia , hemoglobinuria , and renal failure . Fact date September 2008 Patients treated with quinine may also suffer from hypoglycemia especially if administered intravenous ly and hypotension l ... more details
Bufagins are a class of toxic steroid s found as components of bufotoxin . They can be obtained in form of marinobufagin , for example from toad s milk, which refers to secretions from the Cane Toad Bufo marinus , when it is injured, scared or provoked. Some bufagins have effects similar to poisoning by digitalis , having effects on the cardiac muscle , causing ventricular fibrillation . Some also have equally some local anesthetic action. The analgesic effects have also been proven, ref Wang, G., G. Sun, et al. 1994 . The application of traditional Chinese medicine to the management of hepatic cancerous pain. J Tradit Chin Med 14 2 132 8. ref by acting as Sodium potassium ATPase Na K ATPase Enzyme inhibitor inhibitor s on the binding sites of the cell membrane . The anti cancer properties in leukemia and melanoma cells, and the Enzyme inhibitor inhibition of the proliferation of prostate cancer cells, have also been investigated. ref Jiun Yih Yeh, William J. Huang, Shu Fen Kan, Paulus S. Wang 2002 Effects of bufalin and cinobufagin on the proliferation of androgen dependent and independent prostate cancer cells The Prostate Volume 54, Issue 2 , Pages 112 124 ref ref Jing, Y., H. Ohizumi, et al. 1994 . Selective inhibitory effect of bufalin on growth of human tumor cells in vitro association with the induction of apoptosis in leukemia HL 60 cells. Jpn J Cancer Res 85 6 645 51 ref Some of the bufagin toxins are used in low doses in traditional Chinese medicine for similar applications as digoxin is used for in Western medicine i.e. treatment of heart conditions such as atrial fibrillation . ref Bick RJ, Poindexter BJ, Sweney RR, Dasgupta A. Effects of Chan Su, a traditional Chinese medicine, on the calcium transients of isolated cardiomyocytes cardiotoxicity due to more than Na, K ATPase blocking. Life Sciences . 2002 Dec 27 72 6 699 709. PMID 12467910 ref There are several closely related bufagins, including The very toxic arenobufagin C sub 25 sub H sub 34 sub O su ... more details
Intralipid is a brand name for the first safe fat emulsion for human use, approved in 1962 in Europe and invented by Professor Arvid Wretlind, Sweden. The FDA initially would not approve the product due to prior experience with another fat emulsion. It was approved in the United States in 1972. It is used as a component of parenteral nutrition for patients who are unable to get nutrition via an oral diet. It is an emulsion of soy bean oil, egg phospholipids and glycerin. It is available in a 10 , 20 and 30 concentration. The 30 concentration is not approved for direct intravenous infusion, but should be mixed with amino acids and dextrose as part of a total nutrient admixture. Intralipid provides essential fatty acids, linoleic acid LA , an omega 6 fatty acid, alpha linolenic acid ALA , an omega 3 fatty acid . Some preparations of the anaesthetic drugs propofol and etomidate the vehicle for etomidate is propylene glycol are supplied using Intralipid as a vehicle. Weinberg et al. have published data indicating Intralipid is effective in treating experimental models of severe cardiotoxicity secondary to intravenous overdose of local anaesthetic drugs such as bupivacaine Picard & Meek 2006, Weinberg et al. 1998, 2003 and 2004 . Recent case reports have been published of the successful use of lipid emulsion in this way Rosenblatt 2006, Litz 2006, Foxall 2007 to save patients who were unresponsive to the usual resuscitation methods. All patients recovered completely shortly after intravenous injections of lipid. Intralipid is also widely used in optical experiments to simulate the scattering properties of biological tissues Driver et al. 1989 . Solutions of appropriate concentrations of intralipid can be prepared that closely mimic the response of human or animal tissue to light at wavelengths in the red and infrared ranges where tissue is highly scattering but has a rather low absorption coefficient. References Driver I, Feather J W, King P R, Dawson J B. The optical pr ... more details
Other uses Chop disambiguation CHOP is the acronym for a chemotherapy regimen used in the treatment of non Hodgkin lymphoma . CHOP stands for cyclophosphamide , hydroxydaunorubicin doxorubicin , Oncovin vincristine , and prednisone prednisolone. Uses and indications CHOP consists of Cyclophosphamide , an alkylating agent which damages DNA by binding to it and causing cross links Hydroxydaunorubicin also called doxorubicin or Adriamycin , an intercalating agent which damages DNA by inserting itself between DNA bases Oncovin which is the trade name for vincristine , which prevents cells from duplicating by binding to the protein tubulin Prednisone or prednisolone is a corticosteroid. Normal cells are more able than cancer cells to repair damage from chemotherapy drugs. This regimen can also be combined with the monoclonal antibody rituximab if the lymphoma is of B cell origin this combination is called R CHOP or CHOP R . Typically, courses are administered at an interval of two or three weeks CHOP 14 and CHOP 21 respectively . A Staging pathology staging CT scan is generally performed after three cycles to assess whether the disease is responding to treatment. In patients with a history of cardiovascular disease , doxorubicin which is cardiotoxicity cardiotoxic is often deemed to be too great a risk and is omitted from the regimen. The combination is then referred to as COP cyclophosphamide, Oncovin, and prednisone or prednisolone or CVP cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone or prednisolone . Side effects and complications The combination is generally well tolerated. Chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting may require antiemetic s such as ondansetron , and hemorrhagic cystitis is prevented with administration of mesna . Alopecia hair loss is common. Neutropenia generally develops in the second week. During this period, many clinicians recommend pegfilgrastim or prophylactic use of ciprofloxacin ref Cullen . If a fever develops in the neutropenic period, urgen ... more details
2882.html Fernandez redesign of Gleevec to reduce cardiotoxicity I http www.sciencedaily.com releases 2007 12 071203190607.htm?ref Klasistanbul.Com Fernandez redesign of Gleevec to reduce cardiotoxicity ... more details
Toxicity and Cardiotoxicity From Local Anesthetics 2002 ref Management Intravenous lipid emulsion s may be useful for cardiotoxicity however the evidence at this point is still limited. ref cite journal ... and Cardiotoxicity From Local Anesthetics Incidence and Preventive Measures journal Regional Anesthesia ... more details
drugbox verifiedrevid 407854958 IUPAC name 1 2 R ,4 S ,5 R 4 hydroxy 5 hydroxymethyl oxolan 2 yl 5 iodo 1,2,3,4 tetrahydropyrimidine 2,4 dione synonyms Iododeoxyuridine IUdR image Idoxuridine Idoxuridin.svg width 150 CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 10481938 UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII LGP81V5245 InChI 1 C9H11IN2O5 c10 4 2 12 9 16 11 8 4 15 7 1 5 14 6 3 13 17 7 h2,5 7,13 14H,1,3H2, H,11,15,16 t5 ,6 ,7? m0 s1 smiles I C1 C N C O NC1 O C2C C H O C H CO O2 InChIKey XQFRJNBWHJMXHO GFCOJPQKBD ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL 240359 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C9H11IN2O5 c10 4 2 12 9 16 11 8 4 15 7 1 5 14 6 3 13 17 7 h2,5 7,13 14H,1,3H2, H,11,15,16 t5 ,6 ,7? m0 s1 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey XQFRJNBWHJMXHO GFCOJPQKSA N CAS number 54 42 2 ATC prefix D06 ATC suffix BB01 ATC supplemental ATC J05 AB02 , ATC S01 AD01 PubChem 5905 DrugBank APRD00504 KEGG Ref keggcite correct kegg KEGG D00342 C 9 H 11 I 1 N 2 O 5 molecular weight 354.099 g mol bioavailability protein bound metabolism elimination half life excretion pregnancy AU A B1 B2 B3 C D X pregnancy US A B C D X pregnancy category legal AU Unscheduled S2 S4 S8 legal UK GSL P POM CD legal US OTC Rx only legal status routes of administration intravenously Idoxuridine is an anti herpesvirus antiviral drug . It is a nucleoside analogue , a modified form of deoxyuridine , similar enough to be incorporated into viral DNA replication , but the iodine atom added to the uracil component blocks base pair ing. It is used only topically due to cardiotoxicity. Clinical use Idoxuridine is mainly used topically to treat herpes simplex keratitis . ref name Goodman Goodman and Gilman s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. Edited by Gilman AG, Rall TW, Nies AS, Taylor P. McGraw Hill. 8th ed. 1990. ref Epithelial lesions, especially initial attacks presenting with a dendritic ulcer, are most responsive to ... more details
chembox ImageFile Thymoquinone.png ImageSize 150px IUPACName 2 Isopropyl 5 methylbenzo 1,4 quinone OtherNames Thymoquinone Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 490 91 5 PubChem 10281 SMILES CC1 CC O C CC1 O C C C Section2 Chembox Properties C 10 H 12 O 2 MolarMass 164.201 g mol Appearance Density MeltingPtC BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Thymoquinone is a phytochemical compound found in the plant Nigella sativa . It has antioxidant effects and has been shown to protect against heart, liver and kidney damage in animal studies, as well as having possible anti cancer effects. ref cite journal last1 Houghton first1 PJ last2 Zarka first2 R last3 De Las Heras first3 B last4 Hoult first4 JR title Fixed oil of Nigella sativa and derived thymoquinone inhibit eicosanoid generation in leukocytes and membrane lipid peroxidation journal Planta medica volume 61 issue 1 pages 33 6 year 1995 pmid 7700988 doi 10.1055 s 2006 957994 ref ref cite journal last1 Badary first1 OA last2 Nagi first2 MN last3 Al Shabanah first3 OA last4 Al Sawaf first4 HA last5 Al Sohaibani first5 MO last6 Al Bekairi first6 AM title Thymoquinone ameliorates the nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin in rodents and potentiates its antitumor activity journal Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology volume 75 issue 12 pages 1356 61 year 1997 pmid 9534946 ref ref cite journal last1 Al Shabanah first1 OA last2 Badary first2 OA last3 Nagi first3 MN last4 Al Gharably first4 NM last5 Al Rikabi first5 AC last6 Al Bekairi first6 AM title Thymoquinone protects against doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity without compromising its antitumor activity journal Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research CR volume 17 issue 2 pages 193 8 year 1998 pmid 9700580 ref ref cite journal last1 Badary first1 OA last2 Al Shabanah first2 OA last3 Nagi first3 MN last4 Al Rikabi first4 AC last5 Elmazar first5 MM title Inhibition of benzo a pyrene induced forestomach carcinogenesis in ... more details
solid tumors. It also showed a higher therapeutic index, yet the cardiotoxicity remained ... limits the cardiotoxicity. In theory, by limiting the cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin ... resulted in unacceptable cardiotoxicity, including risk of cardiac failure manifesting ..., dilated cardiomyopathy , and death, dramatically increase. Doxorubicin cardiotoxicity is characterized ... more details
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