- Carboniferous
For the album by Zu band Zu see Carboniferous album . Geological period image LateCarboniferousGlobal.jpg ... 322 pages 64 68 pmid 18832639 last2 Schutter first2 SR issue 5898 ref The Carboniferous is a geologic ... . The Carboniferous was a time of glacier glaciation , low sea level and mountain building, diversification and extinction a minor marine and terrestrial extinction event among animals and plants Carboniferous ... 38 pages 1079 1082 format PDF ref The name comes from the Latin word for coal, carbo . Carboniferous ... In the USA the Carboniferous is usually broken into Mississippian earlier and Pennsylvanian ... of the Devonian reversed early in the Carboniferous this created the widespread epicontinental ... time. A mid Carboniferous drop in sea level precipitated a major marine extinction, one that hit .... ref name ReferenceA This happened about 318 million years ago, at the onset of the Permo Carboniferous ... July 2010 The Carboniferous was a time of active orogeny mountain building , as the supercontinent ... in the Latest Carboniferous , and South China continent South China continents were still separated from Laurasia . The Late Carboniferous Pangaea was shaped like an O. There were two major oceans in the Carboniferous Panthalassa and Paleo Tethys , which was inside the O in the Carboniferous Pangaea ... part of the Carboniferous was mostly warm in the later part of the Carboniferous, the climate ... period are often referred to as Permo Carboniferous in age. The cooling and drying of the climate led to the Rainforest Collapse Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse CRC . Tropical rainforests fragmented ... Rocks and coal Image MississippianMarbleUT.JPG thumb right Lower Carboniferous marble in Big Cottonwood Canyon, Wasatch Mountains , Utah . Carboniferous rocks in Europe and eastern North America ... 1999 , p 426 ref In North America, the early Carboniferous is largely marine limestone, which accounts for the division of the Carboniferous into two periods in North American schemes. The Carboniferous ... more details
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- Permo-Carboniferous
Cleanup date January 2008 Unreferenced date January 2008 The Permo Carboniferous refers to the time period including the latter parts of the Carboniferous and early part of the Permian period. Permo Carboniferous rocks are in places not differentiated because of the presence of transitional fossil s, and also where no conspicuous stratigraphic break is present. Permo Carboniferous time, about 300 million years ago, was a period of great glaciation. The widespread distribution of Permo Carboniferous glacial sediments in South America, Africa, Madagascar, Arabia, India, Antarctica and Australia was one of the major pieces of evidence for the theory of continental drift , and led ultimately to the concept of a super continent, Pangaea . Glacial activity spanned virtually the whole of Carboniferous and Early Permian time A.G. Smith, 1997 . Toward the end of the Carboniferous, around 290 million years ago, Gondwana , the southern part of Pangaea, was located near the south pole. Glacial centres expanded across the continents, producing glacial tillite s and striations in pre existing rocks. The Permo Carboniferous ice sheet was so extensive that it would occupy a circle spanning 50 degrees of latitude centered on the pole A.G. Smith, 1997 . Category Geologic time scale Category Carboniferous Category Permian Category Paleozoic geochronology stub ... more details
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- Carboniferous (album)
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Carboniferous Type Album Artist Zu band Zu Cover ZuCarboniferous.jpg Released February 17, 2009 Recorded Genre Experimental metal Length Label Ipecac Records Ipecac Producer Reviews there should be no more then ten reviews in the infobox per WP Albums. Before adding removing reviews, discuss it on the talk page first Allmusic rating 4 5 Allmusic class album id r1466689 review pure url yes link The Boston Phoenix Rating 3 4 http thephoenix.com Boston Music 76446 CARBONIFEROUS link Drowned in Sound 8 10 http drownedinsound.com releases 13988 reviews 4136258 link New York Times http www.nytimes.com 2009 02 22 arts music 22play.html? r 1&ref music link NME 8 10 http www.nme.com reviews zu 10096 link Pitchfork Media 8.0 10 http pitchfork.com reviews albums 12765 carboniferous link Tiny Mix Tapes Rating 4 5 http www.tinymixtapes.com article8365 link Last album This album Carboniferous br 2009 Next album Carboniferous is a studio album from the Music of Italy Italian band Zu band Zu . It was the group s first album for Ipecac Records Ipecac records . ref name metacritic Reception Initial critical response to Carboniferous was very positive. At Metacritic , which assigns a Standard score normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has received an weighted mean average score of 83, based on ten reviews. ref name metacritic cite web url http www.metacritic.com music artists zu carboniferous title Zu Carboniferous 2009 Reviews work Metacritic publisher CNET Networks, Inc accessdate 2010 01 04 ref Track listing Ostia 4 55 Chthonian 6 48 feat. King Buzzo Carbon 4 24 Beata Viscera 3 57 Erinys 3 43 Soulympics 5 05 feat. Mike Patton Axion 5 21 Mimosa Hostilis 4 09 Obsidian 6 29 Orc 5 20 feat. Mike Patton References reflist External links metacritic album id zu carboniferous title Carboniferous Category 2009 albums Category Zu albums Category Ipecac Recordings albums it Carboniferous ... more details
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- Carboniferous tetrapods
Carboniferous Tetrapods include amphibians and reptiles that lived during the Carboniferous Carboniferous Period . During this time, amphibian s including many extinct groups unrelated to modern forms, referred to as basal tetrapods were the predominant tetrapods, and included the Temnospondyli , Lepospondyli , and Reptiliomorpha Batrachosauria . The first amniote s appeared during the middle Carboniferous Early Pennsylvanian , and included both Sauropsid s and Synapsid s, but it was not until the very end of the Carboniferous that the reptiles began to diversify. Classification The following list of families of Carboniferous tetrapods is based mostly on Benton ed. 1993. The classification follows http www.blackwellpublishing.com book.asp?ref 0632056371&site 1 Benton 2004 Superclass Tetrapod a Basal Tetrapods Family Whatcheeriidae Family Crassigyrinus Crassigyrinidae Family Loxommatidae Baphetidae Loxommatidae Family Colosteidae Family Caerorhachidae Class Amphibia Order Temnospondyli Family Dendrerpetontidae Family Cochleosauridae Family Trimerorhachidae Family Eugyrinidae Family Saurerpetontidae Family Eryopidae Family Trematopidae Family Dissorophidae Family Micromelerpetontidae Family Branchiosauridae Family Amphibamidae Superorder Lepospondyli Order A stopoda Family Ophiderpetontidae Family Phlegethontiidae Order Incertae Sedis Family Acherontiscidae Family Adelogyrinidae Order Nectridea Family Diplocaulidae Family Scincosauridae Family Urocordylidae Order Microsauria Utaherpeton Family Microbrachidae Family Hyloplesiontidae Family Odonterpetontidae Family Tuditanidae Family Pantylidae Family Gymnarthridae Family Trihecatontidae Family Cocytinidae Superorder Reptiliomorpha Order Anthracosauria Family Eoherpeton tidae Family Proterogyrinidae Family Anthracosauridae Family Eogyrinidae Family Archeriidae Order Gephyrostegida Family Gephyrostegidae Order Seymouriamorpha ... II. London Chapman and Hall. Category Carboniferous animals Category Tetrapods pt Tetr podes do ... more details
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- Carboniferous limestone
Unreferenced date October 2007 Carboniferous Limestone is a term used to describe a variety of different types of limestone occurring widely across Great Britain and Ireland which were deposited during the Dinantian epoch geology epoch of the Carboniferous period geology period . They were formed between 363 and 325 million years ago. Limestones are known from most geological periods though those dating from the Carboniferous, the Jurassic period and the Cretaceous period commonly referred to as The Chalk are the most widespread. Outcrops Image JurRockgd01.jpg thumb Cross section of a Carboniferous limestone bored by Jurassic organisms borings include Gastrochaenolites some with boring bivalves in place and Trypanites Mendip Hills , England scale bar 1 cm. The Mendip hills consist of Carboniferous limestone, showing notable geomorphological features, including Cheddar Gorge and the Avon Gorge near Bristol . Outcrops occur around the edge of the coalfields in south and north Wales , where the Eglwyseg Escarpment, near Llangollen and the Great Ormes Head are prominent features. There are a few ... and surrounding the Lake District . Characteristics Carboniferous limestone is a sedimentary rock ... s and crinoids are very much in evidence as components of Carboniferous limestone indeed the rock is full of fossils. Carboniferous limestone has horizontal layers beds with bedding planes, and vertical ... and weathering . They also lead to the most important characteristic of Carboniferous limestone ... features. The Carboniferous Limestone has been folded and faulted by massive Earth movements which ... at the Great Orme and Bryn Alyn Denbighshire . Surface Features File Carboniferous Coral geograph.org.uk 2140306.jpg thumb Carboniferous Coral, Ingleton. The classic limestone walk is a circular ... feature of any area of carboniferous limestone. They develop after the rock has been exposed by the scouring ... Category Carboniferous Category Limestone ... more details
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- Moscovian (Carboniferous)
Carboniferous stages The Moscovian is in the International Commission on Stratigraphy ICS geologic timescale a stage stratigraphy stage or age geology age in the Pennsylvanian , the youngest system stratigraphy subsystem of the Carboniferous . The Moscovian age lasted from 311.7 1.1 to 306.5 1.0 Megaannum Ma , ref Gradstein et al. 2004 ref is preceded by the Bashkirian and is followed by the Kasimovian . The Moscovian overlaps with the European regional Westphalian stage Westphalian stage and the North American Atokan and Desmoinesian stages. Name and definition The Moscovian stage was introduced by Sergei Nikitin 1850 1909 in 1890, using brachiopods in the Moscow Basin of European Russia. Nikitin named the stage after Moscow , then a major city and now the capital of Russia . The base of the Moscovian is close to the first appearances of the conodont s Declinognathodus Declinognathodus donetzianus and Idiognathoides Idiognathoides postsulcatus ref Nemyrovska 1999 ref or otherwise the fusulinid Aljutovella Aljutovella aljutovica . ref For example by Solovieva 1986 ref Because the fusulinid species are regionally different, they can not be used for worldwide correlation. A golden spike for the Moscovian stage has yet to be defined 2008 . A proposal is to use the first appearance of the conodont Diplognathodus Diplognathodus ellesmerensis , but since the species is rare and its evolution relatively unknown, it has not been accepted yet. ref See http www.nigpas.ac.cn Carboniferous manage document edit UploadFile 200935172851918.pdf this report by the taskforce to establish a Bashkirian Moscovian boundary Groves et al. 2008 ref The top of the Moscovian base of the Kasimovian is at the base ... 1890 Carboniferous deposits of the Moscow region and artesian waters near Moscow , Trudy Geologicheskogo .... 28 , pp 3 23 ru icon . External links http norges.uio.no timescale Fig14.1 Carbon colA.pdf Carboniferous ... history p p Category Carboniferous de Moskovium nl Moscovien nn Moskovium pt Moscoviano vi T ng ... more details
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- Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse
File Baumgruppe Deadvlei Sossusvlei.JPG thumb 250 px right The Carboniferous rainforest collapse could be the result of colder, dryer climate The Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse CRC was an extinction event that occurred 300 million years ago in the Carboniferous period . ref name SahneyBentonFalconLang2010RainforestCollapse cite journal url http geology.geoscienceworld.org cgi content abstract 38 12 1079 author Sahney, S., Benton, M.J. & Falcon Lang, H.J. year 2010 title Rainforest collapse triggered Pennsylvanian tetrapod diversification in Euramerica journal Geology doi 10.1130 G31182.1 volume 38 pages 1079 1082 format PDF ref Vast coal forests so called because the compacted remains of the dense vegetation formed coal seams covered the equatorial region of Euramerica Europe and America . Climate change devastated tropical rainforest s, fragmenting the forests into isolated islands and causing the extinction of many plant and animal species. The change was abrupt, happening during the Moscovian and Kasimovian stages of the Pennsylvanian . Extinction Patterns In the Carboniferous, the great tropical rainforests of Euramerica supported towering lycopsid s, a heterogeneous mix of vegetation ... Pfefferkorn, H.W., and Thomson, M.C. year 1982 title Changes in dominance patterns in Upper Carboniferous ... of the new allotment of resources and diversify. After the Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse, each pocket ... Ferns and Cyatheales treeferns from Mount Field National Park , giving an impression of how a Carboniferous rainforest may have looked. The nature and cause of the Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse has ... reflect the changing conditions of the Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse, including the Joggins ... likely Vague date March 2011 that modern rainforests will disappear much more rapidly than their Carboniferous ... who date March 2011 Examining the conditions that led to the Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse ...?id 885 Brave new reptilian world http palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk macro Carb.html Carboniferous climates ... more details
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- Lyginopteris
Automatic taxobox fossil range Late Carboniferous Lyginopteris is a genus of Late Carboniferous seed fern that was sometimes parasitized. ref doi 10.1098 rspb.2010.1603 reflist fern stub Category Prehistoric plants Category Carboniferous life ... more details
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- Moscovian
Moscovian , deriving from Moscow , the capital of Russia , can have the following meanings An inhabitant of Moscow. In stratigraphy Moscovian Carboniferous , an ICS stage in the Carboniferous Moscovian Pleistocene , a regional stage in the Pleistocene. disambig ... more details
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- Sandalodus
Orphan date February 2009 italictitle Sandalodus is an extinct genus of cartilaginous fish from the Carboniferous period. Sources Fossils Smithsonian Handbooks by David Ward Page 207 paleo fish stub Category Carboniferous fish ... more details
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- Estheria
refer Estheria crustacean , a genus from the carboniferous period Estheria fly , a genus of tachinid flies in the family Tachinidae disambiguation ... more details
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- Hortonella
automatic taxobox fossil range Early Carboniferous Hortonella is a genus of alga that has been placed deep in the coralline stem group on the basis of its scarcely differentiated thallus. ref doi 10.1016 S0016 6995 03 00060 3 reflist Category Fossil algae Category Carboniferous life ... more details
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- Stephanian
Stephanian can refer to A student at St. Stephen s College, Delhi , a college of the University of Delhi, India Stephanian stage , a stage in the European stratigraphy of the Carboniferous disamb ... more details
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- Neuropteris
Italic title Taxobox name Neuropteris image Neuropteris PAMuseum.jpg fossil range fossil range Carboniferous regnum Plant ae divisio Cycadophyta classis Cycadopsida ordo Medullosales familia Medullosaceae genus Neuropteris genus authority Nicaise Auguste Desvaux Desv. Neuropteris is an extinct Pteridospermatophyta seed fern that existed in the Carboniferous period, known only from fossil s. Major species include Neuropteris loschi . It is a fairly common fossil in bituminous coal with Alethopteris and similar fern s, especially in the Carboniferous Alleghany Mountains of Pennsylvania . See also Coal forest Category Equisetopsida Category Carboniferous life Category Prehistoric plants paleobotany stub ... more details
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- Alethopteris
Italic title Taxobox name Alethopteris fossil range Geological range linked Carboniferous image Alethopteris PAMuseum.jpg regnum Plant ae divisio Gymnospermopsida ordo Pteridospermales familia Medullosaceae genus Alethopteris genus authority Alethopteris is an genus of fossil seed fern s that existed in the Carboniferous period around period span brief Carboniferous 1 . File Exhibit Museum of Natural History, Ann Arbor IMG 9195.JPG thumb left Alethopteris See also Commonscat Coal forest paleobotany stub Category Equisetopsida Category Carboniferous life Category Prehistoric plants ... more details
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- Tealliocaris
Italic title Taxobox name Tealliocaris fossil range fossil range Carboniferous regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a subphylum Crustacean Crustacea classis Malacostraca ordo Pygocephalomorpha familia Tealliocarididae genus Tealliocaris genus authority Peach, 1908 Tealliocaris is an extinct genus of pygocephalomorpha n from the Carboniferous . References Fossils Smithsonian Handbooks by David Ward Page 69 Category Crustaceans Category Carboniferous crustaceans paleo arthropod stub crustacean stub ... more details
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- Carbonicola
Taxobox name Carbonicola fossil range Carboniferous image image width image caption regnum Animalia phylum Mollusca classis Bivalvia genus Carbonicola genus authority subdivision ranks Species subdivision Carbonicola is an extinct genus of bivalvia bivalve mollusca mollusk that lived in the Carboniferous . Sources Fossils Smithsonian Handbooks by David Ward Page 103 Category Bivalves Category Prehistoric molluscs Category Carboniferous animals paleo mollusc stub ... more details
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- Strepsodus
Taxobox name Strepsodus fossil range Carboniferous regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Sarcopterygii familia Rhizodontidae genus Strepsodus species S. sauroides portal Paleontology Strepsodus is a genus of rhizodont lobe finned fish that lived during the Carboniferous period. Fossils have been found in North America and Australia . paleo fish stub Category Prehistoric bony fish Category Carboniferous fish Category Lobe finned fish ... more details
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- Caseodus
Taxobox fossil range Carboniferous image Caseodus2.jpg image width 250px regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Chondrichthyes ordo Eugeneodontida familia Caseodontidae genus Caseodus genus authority Zangerl, 1981 Caseodus is the extinct genus of eugeneodontid from the Carboniferous . References FishBase genus genus Caseodus month October year 2008 Portal Sharks Portal Paleontology Category Eugeneodontida Category Carboniferous fish paleo fish stub es Caseodus ... more details
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- Archichthys
unreferenced date October 2008 Taxobox name Archichthys fossil range Late Carboniferous regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Sarcopterygii familia Rhizodontidae genus Archichthys species A. sulcidens portal Paleontology Archichthys is a genus of rhizodont lobe finned fish that lived during the Carboniferous period. paleo fish stub Category Prehistoric fish Category Carboniferous fish Category Lobe finned fish ... more details
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- Megistolepis
Taxobox name Megistolepis fossil range Carboniferous regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata subphylum Vertebrate Vertebrata classis Sarcopterygii familia Megalichthyidae genus Megistolepis portal Paleontology Megistolepis is a genus of prehistoric lobe finned fish which lived during the Carboniferous period. paleo fish stub osteolepiforms Category Prehistoric fish Category Osteolepiformes Category Carboniferous fish ... more details
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- Mahalalepis
Taxobox name Mahalalepis fossil range Carboniferous regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata subphylum Vertebrate Vertebrata classis Sarcopterygii familia Megalichthyidae genus Mahalalepis portal Paleontology Mahalalepis is a genus of prehistoric lobe finned fish which lived during the Carboniferous period . paleo fish stub osteolepiforms Category Prehistoric fish Category Osteolepiformes Category Carboniferous fish ... more details
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- Megapomus
Taxobox name Megapomus fossil range Carboniferous regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata subphylum Vertebrate Vertebrata classis Sarcopterygii familia Megalichthyidae genus Megapomus portal Paleontology Megapomus is a genus of prehistoric lobe finned fish which lived during the Carboniferous period . paleo fish stub osteolepiforms Category Prehistoric fish Category Osteolepiformes Category Carboniferous fish ... more details
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- Synaptolus
Taxobox name Synaptolus fossil range Carboniferous regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Sarcopterygii subclassis Coelacanthimorpha ordo Coelacanthiformes familia Rhabdodermatidae genus Synaptolus portal paleontology Synaptolus is a genus of prehistoric lobe finned fish which lived during the Carboniferous Geological period period . paleo fish stub Category Lobe finned fish Category Prehistoric fish Category Prehistoric bony fish Category Carboniferous fish Category Coelacanthiformes ... more details
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- Screbinodus
Taxobox name Screbinodus fossil range Carboniferous regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Sarcopterygii familia Rhizodontidae genus Screbinodus portal Paleontology Screbinodus is a genus of rhizodont lobe finned fish that lived during the Carboniferous period. paleo fish stub Category Prehistoric bony fish Category Carboniferous fish Category Lobe finned fish ... more details
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