orphan date December 2008 Abdias Maurel died April 22, 1705 , Camisard leader, became a cavalry officer in the French army and gained distinction in Italy here he served under Nicolas Catinat Marshal Catinat , and on this account he himself is sometimes known as Catinat. In 1702, when the revolt in the Cevennes broke out, he became one of the Camisard leaders, and in this capacity his name was soon known and feared. He refused to accept the peace made by Jean Cavalier in 1704, and after passing a few weeks in Switzerland he returned to France and became one of the chiefs of those Camisards who were still in arms. He was deeply concerned in a plot to capture some French towns, a scheme which, it was hoped, would be helped by England and Holland . But it failed Maurel was betrayed, and with three other leaders of the movement was burned to death at N mes on the 22nd of April 1705. He was a man of great physical strength but he was very cruel, and boasted he had killed 200 Roman Catholics with his own hands. References 1911 Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Abdias Maurel ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Abdias Maurel Category 1705 deaths es Abdias Maurel fr Abdias Maurel pt Abdias Maurel ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Context date October 2009 Illumin s of France is a movement under the name of Illumin s which seems to have reached France from Seville in 1623, and attained some following in Picardy when joined 1634 by Pierce Guerin, cur of Saint Georges de Roye, whose followers, known as Gurinets, were suppressed in 1635. A century later, another, more obscure body of Illumin s came to light in the south of France in 1722, possibly associated with the Alumbrados , and appears to have lingered until 1794, having affinities with those known contemporaneously in the United Kingdom as French Prophets , an offshoot of the Camisard s. References Unreferenced date January 2007 Category 17th century in France fr Illumin s pt Illumin s ... more details
Roland Laporte 1675 14 August 1704 , Camisards Camisard leader, better known as Roland, was born at Mas Soubeyran Gard in a cottage which has become the property of the Socit de l Histoire du Protestantisme fran ais, and which contains relics of the hero. He was a nephew of Laporte, the Camisard leader who was hunted down and shot in October 1702, and he himself became the leader of a band of a thousand men which he formed into a disciplined army with magazines, arsenals and hospitals. For daring in action and rapidity of movement he was second only to Cavalier. These two leaders in 1702 secured entrance to the town of Sauve under the pretence of being royal officers, burnt the church and carried off provisions and ammunition for their forces. Roland, who called himself general of the children of God, terrorized the country between N mes and Alais , burning churches and houses, and slaying those suspected of hostility against the Huguenots , though without personally taking any part of the spoil. Jean Cavalier Cavalier was already in negotiation with Claude Louis Hector de Villars Marshal Villars when Roland cut to pieces a Catholic regiment at Fontmorte in May 1704. He refused to lay down his arms without definite assurance of the restoration of the privileges accorded by the Edict of Nantes . Villars then sought to negotiate, offering Roland the command of a regiment on foreign service and liberty of conscience, though not the free exercise of their religion, for his co religionists. This parley had no results, but Roland was betrayed to his enemies, and on the 14th of August 1704 was shot while defending himself against his captors. The five officers who were with him surrendered, and were broken on the wheel at N mes. Roland s death put an end to the effective resistance of the C venois. References 1911 See A Court, Histoire des troubles des C vennes Villefranche, 1760 HM Baird, The Huguenots and the revocation of the Edict of Nantes 2 vols., London, 1895 , and other ... more details
, and a pension of 1200 livres. At the same time he authorized the formation of a Camisard regiment ..., without ever having served, found himself by the mere gift of nature a great general, this Camisard ... Cavalier nouveaux documents in dits 1884 . Eug ne Sue popularized the name of the Camisard chief in Jean ... more details
Fran ois Langlade Fran ois de Langlade du Chayla c. 1647 24 July 1702 was the French Catholic Abb of Chaila or Chayla , Archpriest of the Cevennes and Inspector of Missions of the Cevennes . His brutal repression of French Protestant Huguenot s by means of torture caused his assassination and sparked the Camisard War of the Camisards . A missionary in his youth in Siam modern Thailand , he there suffered near martyrdom at the hands of Buddhists, was left for dead, but survived and returned to France. His house in Le Pont de Montvert served as a prison for Protestants who were tortured. As Robert Louis Stevenson said, Chayla ..closed the hands of his prisoners upon live coal, and plucked out the hairs of their beards, to convince them that they were deceived in their religious beliefs . References http www.gutenberg.org etext 2743 Massacres of the South 1551 1815 , by Alexandre Dumas, p re chapter II has an excellent account of the life and martyrdom of abbe de Chayla. http translate.google.com translate?u http 3A 2F 2Fwww.camisards.net 2FTT240 abbe du chaila fr.htm&langpair fr 7Cen&hl en&ie UTF8 The murder of the abbot of Chaila , English translation. http www.camisards.net TT240 abbe du chaila fr.htm Original page in French . Travels with a Donkey in the C vennes , by Robert Louis Stevenson. See chapter s The Annotated Travels with a Donkey in the C vennes Pont De Montvert Pont De Montvert for a brief account. Christianity in Thailand DEFAULTSORT Langlade, Francois Category 1640s births Category 1702 deaths Category French Roman Catholic priests Category Roman Catholic missionaries Category French Christian missionaries Category Christian missionaries in Thailand Category 17th century Roman Catholic priests Category 18th century Roman Catholic priests Category Assassinated French people Category Assassinated religious leaders Category People murdered in France france reli bio stub Christian clergy stub fr Fran ois de Langlade du Chayla ... more details
Infobox French commune name Mialet region Languedoc Roussillon department Gard arrondissement Al s canton Saint Jean du Gard INSEE 30168 postal code 30140 mayor Gilbert Rouanet term 2001&ndash 2008 intercommunality Grand Al s longitude 3.94361111111 latitude 44.1116666667 elevation m 165 elevation min m 140 elevation max m 691 area km2 30.76 population 539 population date 1999 Mialet is a Communes of France commune in the Gard Departments of France department in southern France . It lies close to Al s and Saint Jean du Gard . The commune includes the hamlet of Mas Soubeyran , centre of the Protestant resistance during the 16th century. Points of interest Bridge, the Pont des camisards Mas Soubeyran, known for its annual Protestant gatherings People linked to the commune Rolland, or Rolland Laporte, from his real name Pierre Laporte, born 3 January 1680, died 14 April 1704, was a Camisard chief in the C vennes , nicknamed le G n ral des enfants de Dieu general of the children of God . His birth house is now the Mus e du D sert. See also Communes of the Gard department External links http www.museedudesert.com article5759.html Desert Museum website en Gard communes Category Communes of Gard Gard geo stub ca Mialet Gard ceb Mialet, Gard de Mialet Gard es Mialet Gard fr Mialet Gard it Mialet Gard ms Mialet, Gard nl Mialet Gard pl Mialet Gard pt Mialet Gard uk vi Mialet, Gard vo Mialet Gard war Mialet, Gard ... more details
Image Croix huguenote.gif thumb right The Huguenot cross Le Mus e du D sert is a museum dedicated to the history of Protestantism in France, particularly in the C vennes . Its name refers to the D sert , the period between the Edict of Nantes and the Edict of Toleration 1685 1787 during which Protestantism was illegal in France. The museum, formerly the house of the Camisard leader, Roland Laporte , is situated at Mas Soubeyran , in the commune of Mialet, Gard Mialet , d partement Gard , not far from Al s and N mes . Amid typically C venol settings, it presents documents and artifacts of the period, such as the preaching chair s used by the pastors, designed to be easily hidden and transported. It is open from March 1 to November 30. Assembl e du D sert Every year, on the first Sunday of September, between 15 000 and 20 000 Protestants come to the museum from all over France, and from Switzerland, Germany, the Netherlands, Britain, Denmark, Ireland, the US, and South Africa, for the Assembl e du D sert , first held on 24 September 1911. After morning communion, the afternoon is filled with panel discussions on various subjects, depending on the year, and frequently commemorating some event or person. On 6 September 2009, the theme was the 500th birthday of Jean Calvin on 5 September 2010, the theme was the 250th anniversary of the death of Antoine Court . http www.museedudesert.com article7.html The day traditionally closes with the hymn La C venole 1885 . External links http www.museedudesert.com Official site coord missing France Category Museums in France Category Christianity in France Category Huguenot history fr Mus e du D sert oc Mus u dau Des rt ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2006 Louis Nathaniel Rossel was a French army officer and politician. On 19 March 1871 he became the only senior French officer to join up with the Paris Commune , and here he played an important r le as Minister of War. He was born in 1844 in Saint Brieuc , C tes d Armor , but his father was a scion of a strongly republican Huguenot Huguenot Protestant N mes family, and descended from Saint Jean du Gard Camisard s. His mother, born Sarah Campbell, was from Scotland . Rossel was educated at the Prytan e Militaire , and was executed in 1871 at the Satory military centre at Versailles . When Rossel began Minister of war Louis Rossel replaces Cluseret, after Fort Issy is temporarily abandoned , he immediately ordered the construction of a new ring of barricades within the existing ramparts in case the Government forces penetrated the first line of defense. Rossel also tried to concentrate and centralize the 1,100 artillery pieces scattered throughout the city. Many were out of commission with their breechblocks stored in arsenals elsewhere in Paris , so that the only readily available guns were light pieces that fared poorly against the Government s heavy artillery. Furthermore, Rossel began work within the city on three citadels at the Trocadero, on Montmartre , and at the Pantheon on the Left Bank. Here, the Communards would be able to make a final stand if necessary. He put the defense of the city ramparts under the direct tactical command of a pair of his most talented Polish emigres, youthful veterans of the 1863 Polish rebellion. These were men accustomed to desperate fighting against hopeless odds. Recognizing that a purely passive defense would enable the Government forces to mass at any given point, Rossel developed a plan to organize National Guard battalions into combat groups, each of five battalions, commanded by a colonel, and supported by some 40 guns. Unfortunately, the National Guard units remained suspicious of central direct ... more details
Infobox French commune name Fraissinet de Loz re region Languedoc Roussillon department Loz re arrondissement Florac canton Le Pont de Montvert INSEE 48066 postal code 48220 mayor Jean Pierre Allier ref http www.lozerefrance.com page p 111 art id Site du conseil g n ral de la Loz re ref term 2008&ndash 2014 intercommunality C vennes au Mont Loz re longitude 3.70139 latitude 44.37528 elevation m 1060 elevation min m 669 elevation max m 1699 area km2 38.58 population 190 population date 1999 Fraissinet de Loz re is a Communes of France commune in the Loz re Departments of France department in southern France . History Fraissinet de Loz re was one of the early communities of Huguenot s in France. During the War of the Camisard s, it was very close to the birthplace of the revolt, the village of Le Pont de Montvert . Nevertheless, the village remained loyal to the king, though it received no special treatment, and was burned down by the troops as other Protestant villages of the C vennes in 1703. ref See the forthcoming publication Ghislain Baury, La dynastie Rouvi re de Fraissinet de Loz re. Les lites villageoises dans les C vennes protestantes l poque moderne d apr s un fonds documentaire in dit 1403 1908 , S te, Les Nouvelles Presses du Languedoc, 2010, http sites.google.com site dynastierouviere ref See also Communes of the Loz re department References references http www.insee.fr fr methodes nomenclatures cog fichecommunale.asp?codedep 48&codecom 066 INSEE commune file Commons category Fraissinet de Loz re Loz re communes DEFAULTSORT Fraissinet De Lozere Category Communes of Loz re Fraissinetdelozere Loz re geo stub ca Fraissinet de Losera ceb Fraissinet de Loz re de Fraissinet de Loz re es Fraissinet de Loz re fr Fraissinet de Loz re it Fraissinet de Loz re ms Fraissinet de Loz re nl Fraissinet de Loz re pl Fraissinet de Loz re pt Fraissinet de Loz re sr uk vi Fraissinet de Loz re vo Fraissinet de Loz re war Fraissinet de Loz ... more details
Image Travels map.jpg right thumb 200px Map of route Travels with a Donkey in the C vennes 1879 in literature 1879 is one of Robert Louis Stevenson s earliest published works and is considered a pioneering classic of outdoor literature . Background Stevenson was in his late 20s and still dependent on his parents for support. Travels was both meant to raise money he needed to be with the woman he loved, and provide the adventure he craved, having been sickly much of his life. Travels recounts Stevenson s 12 day, 120 mile solo hiking journey through the sparsely populated and impoverished areas of the C vennes mountains in south central France in 1878. The character of Modestine, a stubborn, manipulative donkey he could never quite get the better of, is memorable. It is one of the earliest accounts which presented hiking and camping outdoors as a recreational activity. It also tells of commissioning one of the first sleeping bag s, large and heavy enough to require a donkey to carry. The C vennes was the site of a Protestantism Protestant rebellion around 1702, severely suppressed by Roman Catholic Church Catholic Louis XIV of France Louis XIV . The Protestant insurgents, a minority population in the region, were known as the Camisard s. Stevenson was well versed in the history, romantically imagining scenes from the rebellion along the way. He notes that the Catholics and the Protestants, at the time of his travels, lived peaceably but with an absolute divide between the two communities. A young Catholic man who married a Protestant girl and changed his faith in the process was unanimously condemned for this breach of loyalty, an example of the sentiment change is not good which pervaded the countryside. Stevenson himself was Protestant by upbringing, and both the geography of the C vennes with its barren rocky heather filled hillsides, and the history of religious strife that lay over the land, were familiar ground for the Scot native. The book appeared the followin ... more details
The Vaunage is an area of southern France made up of the plain and the small hills around Nages et Solorgues Nages . It is known for its oppidum . The Vaunage area is located between Languedoc and Provence and between Sommi res and N mes . It is north of the Camargue . From east to west the villages of Vaunage are Caveirac , Clarensac , Langlade, Gard Langlade , Saint Dionizy , Nages et Solorgues , Calvisson , Boissi res, Gard Boissi res , Saint C me et Maru jols , Cong nies . Demography According to the 1999 census, The population of the Vaunage was 15,250, the area being 9981 ha. Boissi res, Gard Boissi res 485 area 333 ha Calvisson 4725 area 2897 ha Caveirac 3860 area 1479 ha Clarensac 3117 area 1449 ha Cong nies 1672 area 864 ha Langlade, Gard Langlade 2850 area 900 ha Nages et Solorgues 1150 area 18 ha Saint C me et Maru jols 580 area 1400 ha Saint Dionizy 1050 area 641 ha History The name is a contraction of Vall e de Nages , the valley of Nages. La vall e de Nages est une combe creus e dans le plateau des garrigues finissant, o coule le Rh ny. Cette d pression, encadr e de collines culminant 200 m tres est quasiment ferm e et ne communique facilement avec l ext rieur que par deux passages, l un l est, vers N mes , l autre, au sud, vers Verg ze . The valley is a furrowed combe at the edge of the garrigue s plateau, surrounded by 200m high hills that isolate it from the surroundings. There are two natural entrances, one to east coming from N mes , and one to the south towards Verg ze . This geographical situation has led to a strong regional identity. Le Camisard chief, Jean Cavalier called it petite Chanaan , little Canaan. qualificatif repris par Andr Chamson dans la Superbe . This is an agricultural region, rich in history. The are hundreds of archaeological sites in this small area. These valleys have been populated for over 2,000 years. Six oppida , dominated by that at Nages, were home to the Volques , who built them in the 8th century BC and remain ... more details
Expand French Aigues Mortes topic geo date December 2009 Infobox French commune name Aigues Mortes image Aigues Mortes Walls 01.jpg caption City walls region Languedoc Roussillon department Gard arrondissement N mes canton Aigues Mortes INSEE 30003 postal code 30220 mayor C dric Bonato term 2008&ndash 2014 intercommunality longitude 4.19333333333 latitude 43.5675 elevation m 1 elevation min m 0 elevation max m 3 area km2 57.78 population 6012 population date 1999 Aigues Mortes lang oc Aigas M rtas, i.e. dead waters is a commune in France commune in the Gard Departments of France department in southern France . The medieval city wall s surrounding the city are well preserved. History The foundation of the city is attributed to Marius Caius , around 102 Anno Domini BC , but the first document mentioning a place called Ayga Mortas dead waters dates from the 10th century AD. Louis IX of France Saint Louis rebuilt the port in the 13th century as France s only Mediterranean port at that time. It was the embarkation point of the Seventh Crusade 1248 and the Eighth Crusade 1270 . The 1,650 meters of city walls were built in two phases the first during the reign of Philippe III the Bold and the second during the reign of Philippe IV the Fair, who had the enclosure completed between 1289 and 1300. The Constance Tower, completed in 1248, is all that remains of the castle built in Louis IX s reign. It was designed to be impregnable with six meter thick walls. A spiral staircase leads to the different levels of the tower. From 1575 to 1622, Aigues Mortes was one of the eight safe havens granted to the Protestants . The revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 caused severe repression of Protestantism, which was marked in Languedoc and the C vennes in the early 18th century by the Camisard War . Like other towers in the town, from 1686 onwards, the Constance Tower was used as a prison for the Huguenots who refused to convert to Roman Catholicism . In 1703, Abraham Mazel, leader ... more details
Infobox French commune name Le Pont de Montvert image coat of arms Blason ville fr Le Pont de Montvert.svg image France Lozere Le Pont de Montvert 01.jpg caption View of Le Pont de Montver region Languedoc Roussillon department Loz re arrondissement Florac canton Le Pont de Montvert INSEE 48116 postal code 48220 mayor Sophie Pantel term 2008&ndash 2014 intercommunality C vennes au Mont Loz re longitude 3.74444 latitude 44.36417 elevation m 875 elevation min m 665 elevation max m 1,699 area km2 90.25 population 272 population date 1999 Le Pont de Montvert is a Communes of France commune in the Loz re Departments of France d partement in southern France . It is located in the heart of the C vennes National Park Parc National des C vennes . The inhabitants of Le Pont de Montvert are called Pontoises or Montvertipontains . History Neolithic Late Neolithic standing stones called the menhir s of the Cham des Bondons, the largest concentration of menhirs in the south of France, bear mute witness to the long prehistory of human occupation here. The village was a fief of the Knights Hospitaller . Guillaume de Grimoard, future pope under the name of Pope Urban V Urban V , was born in the Ch teau de Grizac here in 1309. The picturesquely sited structure, no larger than a farm, reveals its defensive nature by its narrow windows, perched high in its granite walls, and its four square tower, now topless. Charles V of France Charles V exempted the seigneurie de Grizac from all taxes, a privilege its lords maintained until the Revolution. In the 17th century it remained a local center of ardent French Protestantism Protestants Huguenot s in a traditionally highly independent region an incident in the village, the assassination on 24 July 1702 of the repressive abb de Chayla, sparked the rebellion of the Camisard s. The Huguenot s elites of the neighbouring village of Fraissinet de Loz re chose nevertheless to fight against the rebels. ref See the forthcoming publication Ghislain B ... more details
Infobox French commune name Cong nies image 30111Cong nies 1109.JPG region Languedoc Roussillon department Gard arrondissement N mes canton Sommi res INSEE 30091 postal code 30111 mayor term 2001&ndash 2008 intercommunality Pays de Sommi res longitude 4.16083333333 latitude 43.7791666667 elevation m 75 elevation min m 45 elevation max m 145 area km2 8.64 population 1530 population date 2007 Cong nies is a Communes of France commune in the Vaunage in the Gard Departments of France department in southern France . It is situated between N mes , Montpellier , the Cevennes and the Camargue and has a strong Protestant Quakers Quaker and Methodist ref needed history. Cong nies possesses the only purpose built Quaker Meeting House in France. Image 30111Cong niesMeetingHouse Door.JPG thumb left The Quaker Meeting House in Cong nies Image 30111Cong niesQuakerCemetery.JPG thumb left The Quaker Cemetery in Cong nies Image 30111Cong niesF te1186.JPG thumb left A quiet moment before or after the bull running Image 30111Cong niesBandido1170.JPG thumb left Bull running, a bandido in July 2007 History Wars of Religion Le Desert. In 1681, the Catholic Louis XIV of France King Louis XIV , used his troops to re convert Protestants. On the 30 June 1685, being Protestant became illegal in N mes. The religion moved underground, the paid pastor was replaced by the lay prophet . La Guerre des Camisards 1702 1711 Image 30111Cong niesEglise1104.JPG thumb left The Catholic Church today.To the right are temporary bull gates. Cong nies was obliged to provision the troops. On 17 December 1703, Jean Cavalier , a Camisard leader torched the Catholic Church. He was a prophet and took his instructions from God. Thus we see the foundation of a local religious tradition that was principled, rebellious and relied on an nner spirit, the Inspir . In 1715, Jean B nezet of Calvisson was exiled to Holland, and then to London. His son Antoine, made it to Philadelphia. Both joined the Society of Friends. Qua ... more details
Image Ludwig Thiersch Unergr ndlich, 1874.jpg thumb 200px Unergr ndlich The Unfathomable , 1874. Ludwig Thiersch April 12, 1825 May 10, 1909 ref name mkl Thiersch , Meyers Konversations Lexikon ref was a Germany German Painting painter , primarily of Greek mythology in western art and literature mythological and sacred art religious subjects and especially of ecclesiology ecclesiastical art, also influential in Greece . Early life Thiersch was born in Munich , the son of classics classicist and philhellenism philhellene Friedrich Thiersch , and brother of surgeon Karl Thiersch and theologian H. W. J. Thiersch . He attended the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich to study sculpture , but after a few years turned to painting, in which he became a student of Heinrich Maria von Hess , Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld , and Karl Schorn . After the Academy, he painted a depiction of Sakuntala 1848 and a scene of Camisard s, and then traveled to Rome , where he sketched scenes from daily Italian life and painted Hiob unter seinen Freunden . ref name mkl In Athens, 1852 1855 In 1852, he traveled with his father to Athens , where he replaced Rafaello Ceccoli at the Athens School of Fine Arts and became interested in Byzantine art . ref name mkl ref Pollali ref He painted several fresco es in Greek churches, and was at the forefront of a movement to modernize Byzantine art by introducing elements from Western art such as naturalistic perspective and anatomy. ref name Danos79 Danos, p. 79 ref In this, he is sometimes credited with discovering Byzantine art for the world of modern art, ref Lydakis, p. 86 as cited by Pollali ref but such reform was controversial in Greece, finding fierce opposition from those opposed to what they saw as attempts to replace longstanding Greek traditions with foreign ones. ref name Danos79 Several newspaper editorials opposed Thiersch s appointment as Professor, and continued to oppose his receipt of commissions to paint church frescoes. However, Westernizi ... more details
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