Taxobox name Bovinae fossil range Miocene to Recent image Water buffalo bathing.jpg image width 240px image caption domestic Asian Water buffalo water buffalo regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla Taxobox norank entry taxon Ruminantiamorpha subordo Ruminantia infraordo Pecora familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae subfamilia authority John Edward Gray Gray , 1821 subdivision ranks Tribes subdivision Bovini br Boselaphini br Strepsicerotini The biological subfamily Bovinae includes a diverse group of 10 genera of medium to large sized ungulate s, including domestic cattle , the bison , African buffalo , the Bubalus water buffalo , the yak , and the four horned and spiral horned antelopes . The evolutionary relationship between the members of the group is obscure, and their classification into loose tribes rather than formal sub groups reflects this uncertainty. General characteristics include cloven hoof s and usually at least one of the sexes of a species having Horn anatomy true horn s. In most countries, bovids are used for food. Cattle are eaten almost everywhere except in major parts of India and Nepal , where bovids are considered sacred by Hindu s. Evolution Empty section date February 2011 Systematics and classification FAMILY Bovidae BOVIDAE Subfamily Bovinae Tribe Boselaphini Genus Tetracerus Four horned antelope , Tetracerus quadricornis Genus Boselaphus Nilgai or blue bull, Boselaphus tragocamelus not to be confused with the extinct bluebuck Hippotragus leucophaeus , Hippotraginae Tribe Bovini Genus Bubalus Domestic Asian water ... Bovines Category Bovidae Link FA hu als Rinder az k zl r zh min nan Bovinae br Bovinae bg ca Bov cs Tu i da Bovinae de Rinder es Bovinae eo Bovenoj eu Bovinae fr Bovinae hr Goveda id Bovinae it Bovinae he jv Bovinae lv V r u apak dzimta lt Jau iai hu Tulokform k nl Runderen ja no Oksedyr oc Bovinae pl Bovinae pt Bovinos ru scn Buvini simple Bovinae fi Nautael imet ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2007 Image TurnShoe.JPG thumb right 180px A modern reproduction of a medieval turn shoe A turnshoe is a type of shoe made of leather used during the Middle Ages . It was so named because it was put together inside out , and then was turned right side out once finished. This hides the main seam between the sole and vamp upper prolonging the life of the shoe and inhibiting moisture leaking in through the seam. In the very beginning, turnshoes consisted of only one piece of leather sewn on only one side. In the late early and the high medieval ages, turnshoes mostly constisted of one shoe Sole sole bovinae and one piece of shoe Vamp upper vamp caprinae bovinae . In the late Middle Ages, additional elements were added, like doubled soles. Turnshoes were displaced by Welt shoe weted shoe s in the beginning of the 16th century. This also coincided with the evolution of specialized cobblers , who made shoes as a profession. Turnshoes were most often made in the home. References refs See also Shoe External links http web.me.com leathstitch leathstitch Work For Sale Pages Shoe making.html 3 An example of turnshoe construction Category Shoes shoe stub de Wendeschuh ... more details
Taxobox name Strepsicerotini image Taurotragus oryx.jpg image width 240px image caption Common Eland regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae tribus Strepsicerotini subdivision ranks Genus Genera subdivision See text Where the Boselaphini and Bovini are mostly Asian, members of the Strepsicerotini tribe, the spiral horned antelopes , are found only on the continent of Africa . This group tends to large size, a lighter build, longer necks and considerable sexual dimorphism . Eight of the 10 species are of conservation concern, being classified as lower risk, conservation dependent, the remaining two, the Common Eland and the Giant Eland are secure. Family Bovidae Subfamily Bovinae Tribe Strepsicerotini Genus Tragelaphus antelope antelope like Sitatunga , Tragelaphus spekeii Nyala , Tragelaphus angasii Bushbuck , Tragelaphus sylvaticus K wel , Tragelaphus scriptus Mountain Nyala Tragelaphus buxtoni Lesser Kudu , Tragelaphus imberbis Greater Kudu , Tragelaphus strepsiceros Bongo antelope Bongo , Tragelaphus eurycerus Genus Taurotragus Common Eland , Taurotragus oryx Giant Eland , Taurotragus derbianus Artiodactyla R.4 Category Bovines bg ca Estrepsicerotini ... more details
Taxobox name Eotragus fossil range Early Miocene image Eotragus sansaniensis.JPG image width 250px image caption Eotragus sansaniensis regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae tribus Boselaphini genus Eotragus genus authority Pilgrim , 1939 species E. sansaniensis E. cristatus E. halamagaiensis E. noyei E. artenensis Eotragus is an early bovid from Europe , Africa , and Asia during the Miocene some 20 18 million years ago. It is related to the modern Nilgai and Four horned Antelope . It was small and probably lived in woodland environments. External links http www.helsinki.fi mhaaramo metazoa deuterostoma chordata synapsida eutheria artiodactyla bovioidea boselaphini.html Bovidae Bovinae Boselaphini http paleodb.org cgi bin bridge.pl The Paleobiology Database Category Prehistoric bovids Category Miocene mammals Category Transitional fossil paleo eventoedungulate stub ca Eotragus fr Eotragus it Eotragus ... more details
Taxobox name Bovini image Water buffalo bathing.jpg image width 240px image caption Water Buffalo regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae tribus Bovini tribus authority John Edward Gray Gray , 1821 subdivision ranks Genus Genera subdivision Bison br Bos br Bubalus br Pseudoryx br Syncerus The Bovini tribe is made up of large to very large grazers, including large animals of great economic significance to humans in Domestic Cattle , Domestic buffalo , and the Yak , as well as smaller Asian relatives, and large free roaming bovids in the African Buffalo and the American Bison . Evolution The closest relations to this tribe are the Boselaphini and Strepsicerotini Tragelaphini tribes. The common ancestor of all the Bovini species appears to have lived about 5 8 million years ago. The first clade to diverge was the buffalo clade Bubalus and Syncerus species . This was followed by the banteng gaur mithan clade and the domestic cattle clade. A fourth clade leading to the bison and yak species may also exist. ref name Maceachern2009 Maceachern S., McEwan J., Goddard M. 2009 http www.biomedcentral.com 1471 2164 10 177 abstract Phylogenetic reconstruction and the identification of ancient polymorphism in the Bovini tribe Bovidae, Bovinae . BMC Genomics 10 1 177 ref Taxonomy Family Bovidae Sub Family Bovinae Tribe Bovini Genus Bubalus Water Buffalo , Bubalus bubalis Lowland Anoa , Bubalus depressicornis Mountain Anoa , Bubalus quarlesi Tamaraw , Bubalus mindorensis Genus Bos Aurochs , Bos primigenius extinct Bos javanicus Banteng , Bos javanicus Gaur , Bos gaurus Gayal , Bos frontalis domestic gaur Yak , Bos mutus Domestic Cattle , Bos taurus increasingly considered a subspecies of Bos primigenius Zebu , Bos indicus Kouprey , Bos sauveli Genus Pseudoryx Saola , Pseudoryx nghetinhensis Genus Syncerus African Buffalo , Syncerus caffer Genus Bison American Bison , Bison bison Wisent , Bison bonasus Steppe Wi ... more details
Orphan date October 2008 Taxobox name Leptobos fossil range Pleistocene image Leptobos.jpg image width 250px image caption Leptobos etruscus lower jaw and silhouette regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae genus Leptobos genus authority R timeyer , 1878 species L. falconeri L. stenometopon L. syrticus Leptobos is a genus of large Pleistocene bovid found in Europe and Asia . External links http www.helsinki.fi mhaaramo metazoa deuterostoma chordata synapsida eutheria artiodactyla bovioidea boselaphini.html http paleodb.org cgi bin bridge.pl Category Prehistoric bovids Category Pleistocene mammals paleo eventoedungulate stub fr Leptobos ... more details
Taxobox name Bos palaesondaicus status Extinct status system status ref image width 250px image Bibos palaesondaicus Naturalis PeterMaas.JPG image caption Bos palaesondaicus skull at Naturalis . regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae genus Bos species B. palaesondaicus range map range map caption binomial Bos palaesondaicus binomial authority Eug ne Dubois Dubois , 1908 synonyms Bibos palaesondaicus Dubois, 1908 Bos palaesondaicus occurred on Pleistocene Java Indonesia and belongs to the Bovinae subfamily. It has been described by the Dutch people Dutch paleoanthropologist Eug ne Dubois in 1908 ref name Dubois1908 Dubois, E. 1908 . Das Geologische Alter der Kendengoder TrinilFauna. Tijdschr. Kon. Ned. Aardr. Gen., ser. 2, vol. 25, pp. 12351270, pl. 39. ref . The holotype of Bos palaesondaicus is a skull from Trinil . This species is the likely ancestor to the banteng Bos javanicus . ref name Hooijer1958A Hooijer, D.A. 1958a . Fossil Bovidae from the Malay archipelago and the Punjab, Zoologische Verhandelingen van de Museum Leiden 38 1 112. ref ref name Hooijer1958B Hooijer, D. A. 1958b . Sexual differences in the skull of fossil and recent banteng. Mammalia 22 73 75. ref References Reflist Use dmy dates date November 2010 DEFAULTSORT Bos Palaesondaicus Category Bovines Category Extinct animals of Indonesia Category Prehistoric mammals of Asia Bos, palaesondaicus Category Prehistoric bovids Bos, palaesondaicus Category Pleistocene mammals Bos, Palaesondaicus paleo eventoedungulate stub ... more details
italictitle Taxobox name Bos acutifrons status Fossil regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae genus Bos species B. acutifrons binomial Bos acutifrons binomial authority Richard Lydekker Lydekker , 1898 Bos acutifrons is the most ancient representative of the genus Bos . Bos acutifrons lived till in the middle of the Pleistocene still in India . It is widely accepted that from this species all later species arose. Between 1.5 and 2 million years ago the aurochs descended probably from this species. References Van Vuure, Cis. 2003. De Oeros Het spoor terug, Cis van Vuure, Wageningen University and Research Centrum Ministry of the Flemish Community, Brussels & Wageningen. Van Vuure, C. 2005. Retracing the Aurochs History, Morphology and Ecology of an extinct wild ox. Sofia Moscow Pensoft Publishing. Category Bovines Category Prehistoric bovids Category Prehistoric mammals of Asia Category Pleistocene mammals vi Bos acutifrons eu Bos acutifrons zh ... more details
italictitle Taxobox name Bos planifrons status Fossil regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae genus Bos species B. planifrons binomial Bos planifrons binomial authority Richard Lydekker Lydekker , 1878 Bos planifrons flat fronted cattle was a bovine species from the Siwalik Hills Siwaliks of India and Pakistan . It may have been the ancestor of the Indian Aurochs Bos primigenius namadicus . Its type is a skull. References Zong, G. 1984. A record of Bos primigenius from the Quaternary of the Aba Tibetan Autonomous Region. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, Volume XXII No. 3 pp. 239 245. Translated by Will Downs, April 1991. http www.nau.edu qsp will downs 79.Bos.pdf Online pdf 62 kB Category Bovines Category Prehistoric bovids Category Prehistoric mammals of Asia Category Pleistocene mammals vi B tr n ph ng zh ... more details
italic title Taxobox color khaki name Babesia divergens image regnum Protist a phylum Apicomplexa classis Aconoidasida ordo Piroplasmasina familia Babesiidae genus Babesia species B. divergens binomial Babesia divergens Babesia divergens is an red blood cell intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite, transmitted by the tick Ixodes ricinus . It is the main agent of bovinae bovine babesiosis , or redwater fever , in Europe. Young cattle are less susceptible. The current emphasis in Europe on sustainable agriculture and extensification is likely to lead to an increase in Vector epidemiology vector tick populations with increased risk of infection. It is not only a cause of significant loss to the cattle industry it can also infect immunodeficiency immunocompromised humans, causing medical emergencies characterized by rapid fulmination and parasitemias that may exceed 70 . References Zintl A, Mulcahy G, Skerrett HE, Taylor SM, Gray JS. 2003 Babesia divergens , a bovine blood parasite of veterinary and zoonotic importance. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 16 4 622 636 Category Apicomplexa Category Parasitic protists Category bovine diseases Category Veterinary protozoology parasite stub ja pl Babesia divergens zh ... more details
Unreferenced date June 2007 Taxobox name African Forest Buffalo image African Forest Buffalo.jpg status ref VU regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae genus Syncerus species Syncerus caffer S. caffer subspecies S. caffer nanus trinomial Syncerus caffer nanus trinomial authority The African Forest Buffalo Syncerus caffer nanus is smaller than the Cape Buffalo , with horns that curves out backwards and upwards. Usually weighing convert 265 565 kg , they are reddish brown in color. Its native habitat is the equatorial forest found in central and western Africa , and its diet consists primarily of grass es, twigs, and young shoots. African Forest Buffalo are sought after by hunters for their meat and horns. In the wild, leopard s are its primary predator . JZool271 178. commonscat Syncerus caffer nanus Category Bovines Category Mammals of Africa Category Fauna of Sierra Leone even toed ungulate stub cs Buvol pralesn es Syncerus caffer nanus fr Buffle nain hu V r s bivaly pl Baw le ny ru ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Taxobox name Kipsigicerus fossil range fossil range Middle Miocene regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae tribus Boselaphini genus Kipsigicerus genus authority Kipsigicerus is an extinct genus of East Africa n antelope from the Middle Miocene . ref cite web last Tsujikawa first Hiroshi title The updated late miocene large mammal fauna from Samburu hills, northern kenya url http jambo.africa.kyoto u.ac.jp kiroku asm suppl abstracts pdf ASM s32 1 50.pdf work African Study Monographs, Supplement volume 32 date 2005 12 accessdate 2008 07 27 ref Its closest living relative is the Four horned Antelope four horned antelope . Sources Classification of Mammals by Malcolm C. McKenna and Susan K. Bell References reflist portal Paleontology Category Prehistoric bovids Category Miocene mammals paleo eventoedungulate stub ... more details
Italic title Taxobox fossil range Late Pliocene to Holocene status EX status system IUCN3.1 status ref ref IUCN2008 assessors Tikhonov, A. year 2008 id 136721 title Bos primigenius downloaded 5 January 2008 ref extinct image image caption regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae genus Bos species B. primigenius subspecies B. p. namadicus trinomial Bos primigenius namadicus Bos primigenius namadicus , the Indian aurochs , was a type of wild cattle which once lived in the hot and dry areas of India. The Indian subspecies of the aurochs was the first to appear, about 2 million years ago, and from it descends the Eurasian Aurochs and the North African Aurochs . Citation needed date May 2010 It is also the ancestor of the zebu type of domestic cattle. The earliest domestication of zebu cattle is dated to 9000 BC. ref http www.nap.edu openbook.php?record id 12692&page 96 In the Light of Evolution III Two Centuries of Darwin 2009 , page 96 , National Academies Press ref references zh ... more details
Italic title Taxobox fossil range Late Pliocene to Holocene status EX status system IUCN3.1 status ref ref IUCN2008 assessors Tikhonov, A. year 2008 id 136721 title Bos primigenius downloaded 5 January 2008 ref extinct 1627 image image caption regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae genus Bos species B. primigenius subspecies B. p. namadicus trinomial Bos primigenius mauretanicus Bos primigenius mauretanicus , the African aurochs , once lived in the woodland and shrubland of North Africa . This subspecies of the aurochs is descended from the Bos primigenius namadicus Indian aurochs , which migrated from the Middle East. Citation needed date January 2010 It is unknown when the African aurochs became extinct. Prior to its extinction the Ancient Egyptians domesticated the African aurochs into Egyptian cattle , Citation needed date January 2010 which was the primary breed of cattle in the Mediterranean region Citation needed date May 2010 until the introduction of zebu from India, which slowly replaced Egyptian cattle in the region. references eu Ipar Afrikako uro ... more details
Taxobox name Bubalus image Water buffalo bathing.jpg image width 240px image caption Bubalus bubalis regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae genus Bubalus genus authority Charles Hamilton Smith C.H. Smith , 1827 subdivision ranks Species subdivision Bubalus bubalis br Bubalus depressicornis br Bubalus quarlesi br Bubalus mindorensis br Bubalus cebuensis Bubalus is a genus of bovine s, whose English name is buffalo. Species that belong to this genus are Subgenus Bubalus Water Buffalo , Bubalus bubalis Carabao , Bubalus bubalis carabanesis Water buffalo Bubalus bubalis bubalis Wild Asian Water Buffalo , Bubalus arnee Bubalus cebuensis Cebu Dwarf buffalo Bubalus cebuensis Short horned Water Buffalo , Bubalus mephistopheles Tamaraw , Bubalus mindorensis European Water Buffalo , Bubalus murrensis Subgenus Anoa Lowland Anoa , Bubalus depressicornis Mountain Anoa , Bubalus quarlesi File Bubalus murrensis.JPG thumb left Bubalus murrensis fossil Some zoologist s split the Water Buffalo into two or three species, the Domestic Asian Water Buffalo , the Philippines Carabao and the Wild Asian Water Buffalo , a rare endangered species which is the domestic buffalo s ancestor. Dwarf Buffalo The Tamaraw , Anoa and extinct Bubalus cebuensis are all island dwarfism island dwarf species of Bubalus. See also List of Domestic Asian Water buffalo breeds Wikisource1911Enc Buffalo animal Artiodactyla R.4 Category Bovines Category Herbivorous animals az Asiya cam lar br Bubalus bg ca Bubalus cs Asijsk buvol de Asiatische B ffel es Bubalus eo Bubalo fr Bubalus ga Buabhall gd Buabhall ilo Nuang it Bubalus he ka la Bubalus lv Bife i lt Azijiniai buivolai hu Bubalus ce Goma pl Bubalus pt B falo ro Bubalus ru sv Bubalus tl Bubalus uk vi Chi Tr u zh ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Taxobox name Grazing antelopes image Sable bull.jpg image width 200px image caption Hippotragus niger regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Hippotraginae subfamilia authority Victor Brooke Brooke , 1876 subdivision ranks Genera subdivision Hippotragus br Oryx br Addax A grazing antelope is any of the species of antelope that make up the subfamily Hippotraginae in the family biology family Bovidae , which also includes sheep, goats, and cattle. FAMILY Bovidae BOVIDAE Subfamily Bovinae cattle and spiral horned antelopes, 28 species in 10 genera Subfamily Cephalophinae duikers, 19 species in 2 genera Subfamily Hippotraginae Genus Hippotragus Roan Antelope , Hippotragus equinus Sable Antelope , Hippotragus niger Giant Sable Antelope Hippotragus niger varani Bluebuck , Hippotragus leucophaeus extinct Genus Oryx East African Oryx , Oryx beisa Scimitar Oryx , Oryx dammah Gemsbok , Oryx gazella Arabian Oryx , Oryx leucoryx Genus Addax Addax , Addax nasomaculatus Subfamily Antilopinae gazelles, dwarf antelopes and the Saiga, 38 species in 14 genera Subfamily Caprinae sheep, goats, and allies Subfamily Reduncinae waterbucks, reedbucks, 8 species in 2 genera Subfamily impala Aepycerotinae impala, 1 species in 1 genus Subfamily Grey Rhebok Peleinae rhebok, 1 species in 1 genus Subfamily Alcelaphinae wildebeest, haartbeast, 7 species in 5 genera Commons category Hippotraginae Wikispecies Hippotraginae Artiodactyla R.2 DEFAULTSORT Grazing Antelope Category Bovidae Category Grazing antelopes az Q l ncbuynuz antiloplar br Hippotraginae bg ca Hipotrag da Hippotraginae de Pferdeb cke es Hippotraginae fr Hippotraginae it Hippotraginae he ka lt Arklin s antilop s hu L antilopform k nl Paardantilopen ja pl Hippotraginae pt Hippotraginae ru fi Hevosantiloopit sv Gr s tande antiloper uk zh ... more details
Taxobox name Gayal status image Gayal Bos frontalis .png image caption regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae genus Bos species B. frontalis range map range map caption binomial Bos frontalis binomial authority Aylmer Bourke Lambert Lambert , 1804 Gayal or mithun Bos frontalis is the Domestication domestic gaur , probably a gaur cattle Hybrid biology hybrid breed. Taxonomy In his first description of 1804, Aylmer Bourke Lambert applied the Binomial nomenclature binomial Bos frontalis to a domestic specimen probably from Chittagong . ref Ellerman, J. R., Morrison Scott, T. C. S. 1966 http www.archive.org stream checklistofindia00elle page 380 mode 2up Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946 . Second edition. London British Museum of Natural History. Page 380 ref In 2003, the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature has fixed the first available specific name based on a wild population that the name for this wild species is valid by virtue of its being antedated by a name based on a domestic form. Most authors have adopted the binomial Bos frontalis for the domestic species as valid for the taxon . ref Gentry, A. Clutton Brock, J., Groves, C. P. 2004 http arts.anu.edu.au grovco J 20Arch 20Sci.pdf The naming of wild animal species and their domestic derivatives . Journal of Archaeological Science 31 645 651 ref In culture To the Adi people Bangni Bokar Lhoba s , the possession of gaur is the traditional measure of a family s wealth. In the Adi language, gaur are called tadok and in Apatani and Nishi called subu often referred to as mithun . Gaur are not milked or put to work but given supplementary care while grazing in the woods, until they are slaughtered in ritual or for the local consumption. The gaur, or mithun as it is commonly known in the northeast region of India , is the state animal of Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland . References Reflist Category Bovines Cate ... more details
italictitle Unreferenced stub type animal auto yes date December 2009 Taxobox name Tragelaphus image Tragelaphus strepsiceros Chobe River front, Botswana 8.jpg image width 300px image caption An adult male Greater Kudu by the Chobe River , Botswana regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae tribus Strepsicerotini genus Tragelaphus genus authority Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville Blainville , 1816 subdivision ranks Species subdivision Nyala T. angasii br Mountain Nyala T. buxtoni br Bongo antelope T. eurycerus br Lesser Kudu T. imberbis br K wel T. scriptus br Sitatunga T. spekeii br Greater Kudu T. strepsiceros br Imbabala T. sylvaticus The genus Tragelaphus contains several species of bovine , all of which are relatively antelope like. Species in this genus tend to be large sized, lightly built, have long necks and considerable sexual dimorphism . The Common Eland Taurotragus oryx was once classified in this genus as T. oryz . The name Tragelaphus comes from the mythical hircocervus tragelaph . Species Genus Tragelaphus Bongo antelope Bongo Tragelaphus eurycerus Greater Kudu Tragelaphus strepsiceros Imbabala Tragelaphus sylvaticus see Bushbuck K wel Tragelaphus scriptus Lesser Kudu Tragelaphus imberbis Mountain Nyala Tragelaphus buxtoni Nyala Tragelaphus angasii Sitatunga Tragelaphus spekeii Commons Artiodactyla R.4 Category Bovines eventoedungulate stub az Me antiloplar br Tragelaphus ca Tragelaphus cs Tragelaphus de Tragelaphus es Tragelaphus fr Tragelaphus it Tragelaphus he sw Tandala lt Sraigtarag s antilop s hu Tragelaphus ja pl Tragelaphus pt Tragelaphus ru ss Impalampala sv Tragelaphus zh ... more details
Image CominoValley.jpg thumb right 300px View in the Valle di Comino. The Comino Valley , or Valle di Comino, is a valley located in the province of Frosinone , in central Italy. It runs from San Biagio Saracinisco to Vicalvi and is adjacent to the Abruzzi mountains. It grossly corresponds to the River Melfa s upper valley, which runs through it before joining the Liri River . Its economy is based on the production of wine, olive oil, cheese and wheat, and on animal husbandry domestic sheep sheep and bovinae . History According to tradition, the name of the valley can be traced to ancient Cominium, destroyed in 293 BC. In Livy s History of Rome , there are early references to Cominium as the site of a battle between the Samnites and the ancient Rome Romans . Some suggest that the town of San Donato Val di Comino San Donato is the ancient Cominium, others believe the battle site was at Vicalvi . The area was however already settled in prehistoric times later it was inhabited by Oscan Osco Sabelli an tribes. Its main center was Atina FR Atina , mantioned in Virgil s Aeneid . In the Middle Ages, numerous castles were built in the valley, which was part of the Lombards Lombard Duchy of Spoleto , the Principality of Capua and the county of Aquino , until it became part of the Italo Normans Norman unified Kingdom of Naples . For a period it was also contented between the monasteries of Monte Cassino and San Vincenzo al Volturno . Later it was a fief of families such as the Aquino, Cantelmo , Borgia and Gallio family Gallio . References Livy s The History of Rome http etext.lib.virginia.edu toc modeng public Liv1His.html http www.valledicomino.it Valle di Comino website Paolo Tullio s North of Naples , South of Rome ISBN 0312243170 br Lazio geo stub coord missing Italy Category Valleys of Lazio Comino it Valle di Comino nn Valle di Comino ... more details
Taxobox name Murrah Water Buffalo image Murrah buffalo.JPG image caption Murrah buffaloes in the Philippine Carabao Center PCC at its Central Mindanao University CMU facility in Maramag, Bukidnon . regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo even toed ungulate Artiodactyla familia Bovid ae subfamilia Bovinae tribus Bovini genus Bubalus species B. bubalis binomial Bubalus bubalis binomial authority Linnaeus , 1758 The Murrah breed of Water buffalo Bubalus bubalis is the premier milking buffalo. It is originally from Punjab India Punjab and Haryana states of India and Punjab Pakistan Punjab province of Pakistan , but has been used to improve the milk production of dairy buffalo in other countries, such as Italy , Bulgaria and Egypt . In Italy , it is the basis of Mozzarella cheese production, and therefore Italian Pizza . By Italian law, Mozzarella may only be made from Domestic buffalo Importance to humans buffalo milk , which is preferred for its very high butterfat content, up to 16 compared with 4 for European Bos taurus dairy breeds such as Jersey cattle and 8 for Zebu Bos indicus breeds such as Sahiwal cattle Sahiwal . Appearance Jet black in colour, sometimes with white markings on face or legs. Bulls weigh 550 kg and cows 450 kg ref http www.ansi.okstate.edu breeds other buffalo murrah Photos description and more information ref . In Brazil this breed of buffalo is very used for production of meat and also milk. They are docile and productive animals ref Source brazilian agronomist Dalton C. Rocha.E mail daltonagre uol.com.br ref References reflist Category Water buffalo breeds Category Beef Category Bovines Category Livestock Category Fauna of Pakistan Category Mammals of India Category Haryana even toed ungulate stub ... more details
Taxobox name Taurotragus image Taurotragus oryx captive .jpg image width image caption Taurotragus oryx regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae genus Taurotragus genus authority Wagner, 1855 subdivision ranks Species subdivision Taurotragus oryx br Taurotragus derbianus Taurotragus , commonly called Eland , is a genus of antelope s of the African savannah , containing two species the Common Eland and the Giant Eland . The elands are the largest African antelopes. Males range in size from 600 to 800 kg 1300 1760 lb and may even reach a ton on rare occasions females range from 400 to 600 kg 880 1300 lb . The meat of the eland contains more protein than cattle meat and less fat , and eland milk has a very high calcium level. For this reason, eland have undergone selection for meat quality and milk quantity in the Askaniya Nova Zoological Park in Ukraine . However, domestication of the animal in Europe to take advantage of their nutritional value has thus far been unsuccessful. ref Diamond, Guns, Germs and Steel 1997 , pp. 167 ref The common eland is farmed in some parts of Africa, where it is well adapted to local conditions. See also Taurotragus derbianus Gray, 1847 Giant Eland Taurotragus oryx Pallas, 1766 Common Eland Notes Reflist Artiodactyla R.4 Category Bovines Even toed ungulate stub az Maral k zl r br Taurotragus bg ca Taurotragus de Elenantilopen es Taurotragus fr Taurotragus he sw Pofu jenasi hu Taurotragus ja pl Taurotragus ru sv Elandantiloper zh yue ... more details
Taxobox name Bubalus cebuensis fossil range Pleistocene Holocene regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae genus Bubalus species B. cebuensis binomial Bubalus cebuensis binomial authority Croft et al ., 2006 Cebu Tamaraw Bubalus cebuensis is a fossil dwarf buffalo discovered in the Philippines , and first described in 2006. Anatomy and morphology The most distinctive feature of B. cebuensis was its small size. Large contemporary domestic water buffalo stand six feet at the shoulder and can weigh up to 2,000 pounds, B. cebuensis would have stood only two and one half feet and weighed about 350 pounds, smaller than another dwarf species Bubalus mindorensis B. mindorensis . ref name Croft Croft, D.A. L. R. Heaney, J. J. Flynn, and A. P. Bautista. 2006. FOSSIL REMAINS OF A NEW, DIMINUTIVE BUBALUS ARTIODACTYLA BOVIDAE BOVINI FROM CEBU ISLAND, PHILIPPINES. Journal of Mammalology 87 1037 1051 ref The fossil specimen is likely Pleistocene or Holocene in age. ref name Croft Evolutionary history The fossil was discovered in a horizontal tunnel in soft karst at approximately 50 m elevation in K Hill near Balamban, Cebu Island , Philippines by mining engineer Michael Armas. ref http www.eurekalert.org pub releases 2006 10 fm ndb100606.php New dwarf buffalo discovered by chance in the Philippines , EurekAlert, October 17, 2006 ref The fossil was donated to America s Field Museum where it stayed un analysed for almost 50 years. See also Tamaraw Bubalus mindorensis Bibliography Empty section date July 2010 References reflist External links http www.terradaily.com reports New Dwarf Buffalo Discovered By Chance In The Philippines 999.html Category Bovines Category Prehistoric bovids Category Prehistoric mammals of Asia Category Pleistocene mammals Category Animals described in 2006 paleo mammal stub it Bubalus cebuensis nl Bubalus cebuensis tl Bubalus cebuensis zh ... more details
Taxobox name Bison latifrons image Bison latifrons.JPG image caption Bison latifrons skull at the AMNH fossil range Fossilrange Pleistocene regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae genus Bison species B. latifrons binomial Bison latifrons binomial authority Richard Harlan Harlan , 1825 Bison latifrons is an extinct species of bison that lived in North America during the Pleistocene . Also known as the giant bison , or ice age bison https www.dmr.nd.gov ndfossil education pdf bison.pdf it reached a shoulder height of 2.5 meters 8.5 feet , and had horns that spanned over 2 meters 6.5 feet . The known dimensions of the species are larger than either extant species of bison and it is estimated that it would have weighed well over a tonne . References http www.paleocraft.com paleobison.html At Paleocraft.com http www.royalsaskmuseum.ca research faqs ex 9.shtml Cast at Royal Saskatchewan Museum Category Bison Category Prehistoric bovids Category Pleistocene mammals Category Pleistocene extinctions Category Prehistoric mammals of North America Category Megafauna of North America paleo eventoedungulate stub ar ca Bison latifrons es Bison latifrons eu Bison latifrons fr Bison latifrons it Bison latifrons hu Hossz szarv b l ny nl Bison latifrons no Kjempebison pt Bis o de cornos longos ... more details
Taxobox fossil range Pleistocene regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae genus Bison species B. occidentalis binomial Bison occidentalis binomial authority Lucas, 1898 ref cite journal title Holocene Bison occidentalis from Iowa author Stephen Austin Hall journal Journal of Mammalogy volume 53 issue 3 year 1972 pages 604 606 url http www.jstor.org stable 1379052 ref Bison occidentalis is an extinct species of bison that lived in North America during the Pleistocene . It probably evolved from Bison priscus . B. occidentalis was smaller and smaller horned than the steppe bison. Unlike any bison before it, its horns pointed upward, parallel to the plane of its face from nose to forehead, instead of pointing forward through that plane. Around 5,000 years ago, B. occidentalis was replaced by today s smaller Bison bison . It has been theorized that B. occidentalis declined in numbers because of competition with other grass eaters of the megafauna epoch. ref cite book title American Bison A Natural History last Lott first Dale F. authorlink coauthors year 2002 publisher University of California Press location Berkeley isbn 0520233387 pages url ref References CanJEarthSci45 827. reflist paleo eventoedungulate stub Category Bison Category Prehistoric bovids Category Pleistocene mammals Category Prehistoric mammals of North America Category Holocene extinctions Category Megafauna of North America Category Fossil taxa described in 1898 ar eu Bison occidentalis ca Bison occidentalis ... more details
Taxobox name Boselaphini image Nilgai.jpg image width 240px image caption Nilgai regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Artiodactyla familia Bovidae subfamilia Bovinae tribus Boselaphini tribus authority subdivision ranks Genus Genera subdivision Tetracerus br Boselaphus The Boselaphini or four horned antelope tribe are the last survivors of a form very similar to that of the ancestors of the entire subfamily. Both species have relatively primitive anatomical and behavioural characteristics and the females have no horns. They are native to the rapidly diminishing forests of India, and tend to avoid open plains. The nilgai has been introduced into southern Texas where a population of a little under 15,000 animals provides some long term insurance for its survival. cn date March 2011 Tribe Boselaphini Genus Tetracerus Four horned antelope , Tetracerus quadricornis Genus Boselaphus Nilgai or blue bull, Boselaphus tragocamelus not to be confused with the extinct bluebuck Hippotragus leucophaeus , Hippotraginae Genus Duboisia Genus Eotragus Genus Pachyportax Genus Perimia Genus Proboselaphus Genus Selenoportax References cite web name Haaramo, M. title Mikko s Phylogency Archive Boselaphini url http www.helsinki.fi mhaaramo metazoa deuterostoma chordata synapsida eutheria artiodactyla bovioidea boselaphini.html accessdate 25 March 2011 cite journal author Leslie, D.M. & Sharma K. year 2009 title Tetracerus quadricornis Artiodactyla Bovidae journal Mammalian Species volume 843 pages 1 11 doi 10.1644 843.1 Artiodactyla R.4 Category Bovines Category Mammals of India eventoedungulate stub ca Boselafini fr Boselaphini hu Boselaphini ... more details
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