Unreferenced date July 2010 Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Bioaugmentation is the introduction of a group of natural microbial strains or a genetically engineered variant to treat contaminated soil or water. Usually the steps involve studying the Endemic ecology indigenous varieties present in the location to determine if biostimulation is possible. If the indigenous variety do not have the metabolic capability to perform the remediation process, exogenous varieties with such sophisticated pathways are introduced. Bioaugmentation is commonly used in municipal wastewater treatment to restart activated sludge bioreactors. Most cultures available contain a research based consortium of Microbial cultures, containing all necessary microorganisms Bacillus licheniformis B. licheniformis , Bacillus thuringiensis B. thurengensis , Paenibacillus polymyxa P. polymyxa , Bacillus stearothermophilus B. sterothemophilus , Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., Flavobacterium, Arthrobacter, Pseudomonas, Streptomyces, Saccaromyces, Triphoderma, etc. . Whereas activated sludge systems are generally based on microorganisms like bacteria, protozoa, nematodes, rotifers and fungi capable to degrade bio degradable organic matter. Bioaugmentation of chlorinated solvents At sites where soil and groundwater ... , bioaugmentation is used to ensure that the in situ microorganisms can completely degrade these contaminants to ethylene and chloride , which are non toxic. Bioaugmentation is typically only applicable ... ether MTBE . The first reported application of bioaugmentation for chlorinated ethenes was at Kelly Air Force Base , TX Major et al., 2002 . Bioaugmentation is typically performed in conjunction with the addition ... the growth of the dechlorinating microorganisms in the bioaugmentation culture. Bioaugmentation .... J. Alvarez, Victor S. Magar Hrsg. Bioaugmentation, biobarriers, and biogeochemistry the Sixth International ... Bioaugmentation ... more details
italic title Taxobox color lightgrey name Comamonas testosteroni regnum Bacteria phylum Proteobacteria classis Beta Proteobacteria ordo Burkholderiales familia Comamonadaceae genus Comamonas binomial Comamonas testosteroni binomial authority Marcus and Talalay 1956 br Tamaoka et al. 1987 synonyms Pseudomonas testosteroni small Marcus and Talalay 1956 small br Pseudomonas dacunhae small Arima small Comamonas testosteroni is a Gram negative soil bacterium . Strain biology Strain I2 gfp has been used in bioaugmentation trials, in attempts to sewage treatment treat the Industry industrial sludge by product 3 chloro aniline . ref cite journal author N. Boon, J. Goris, P. De Vos, W. Verstraete and E.M. Top month Jul., year 2000 title Bioaugmentation of activated sludge by an indigenous 3 chloroaniline degrading Comamonas testosteroni strain, I2 gfp journal App. Environ. Microbiol. volume 66 issue 7 pages 2906 2913 pmid 10877785 doi 10.1128 AEM.66.7.2906 2913.2000 pmc 92090 ref References reflist DEFAULTSORT Comamonas Testosteroni Category Burkholderiales Proteobacteria stub ... more details
Kluczewo Airfield is a former Soviet airbase located in Kluczewo , a suburb of Stargard Szczeci ski in Poland . Its concrete runway measures 2500 x 60 m, but it is closed to air traffic. The base was originally built by the Luftwaffe in 1935 and used as Fliegerhorst Kl tzow until early 1945 when it was overrun by the Red Army. Soviet air units were based there from 1948 to 1992. Over the years the base was expanded, and a number of Hardened Aircraft Shelter hardened aircraft shelters built. A small military town housing the airmen and their families was built nearby. The last unit stationed there was the 159th Novorossiysk Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment flying Su 27 Flankers. After the Soviet forces left, the base was abandoned, and has fallen into ruin. In 1993 the airfield together with Kluczewo was included within the city limits of Stargard Szczeci ski. In subsequent years the runway was used for Auto show auto shows from time to time. Recently Bridgestone announced plans to build a large tire factory on the site. Construction began in June, 2007. All military buildings at the site will be demolished. The runway will be preserved for possible use in the future. In July 2007 Poland Polish researchers from the Institute of Environmental Engineering http www.pcz.pl programy miedzynarodowe doc Faculty of Environmental Protection and Engineering.pdf at Czstochowa Cz stochowa University of Technology University of Technology http www.pcz.pl http www.pcz.pl index.php?jezyk en undertook trials of bacteria based bioaugmentation and biostimulation to gain biodegradation of oil hydrocarbons and reduce soil contamination of the site. http www.informaworld.com smpp content content a781477511 db all jumptype rss External links http www.sulecin.cyberdusk.pl thumbnails.php?album 73 Photo gallery http poradzieckie.szprotawa.org.pl stargard szczecinski kluczewo.html Description http www.heimatkreis stargard.de Fliegerhorst 20Kluetzow.htm Kluczewo as Luftwaffe base coord 53 16 5 ... more details
Biostimulation involves the modification of the environment to stimulate existing bacteria capable of bioremediation . This can be done by addition of various forms of rate limiting nutrient s and electron acceptors , such as phosphorus , nitrogen , oxygen , or carbon e.g. in the form of molasses . Additives are usually added to the subsurface through injection wells, although injection well technology for biostimulation purposes is still emerging. Removal of the contaminated material is also an option, albeit an expensive one. Biostimulation can be enhanced by bioaugmentation . This process, overall, is referred to as bioremediation and is an United States Environmental Protection Agency EPA approved method for reversing the presence of oil or gas spills. The primary advantage of biostimulation is that bioremediation will be undertaken by already present native microorganisms that are well suited to the subsurface environment, and are well distributed spatially within the subsurface. The primary disadvantage is that the delivery of additives in a manner that allows the additives to be readily available to subsurface microorganisms is based on the local geology of the subsurface. Tight, impermeable subsurface lithology tight clay s or other fine grained material make it difficult to spread additives throughout the affected area. Fractures in the subsurface create preferential pathways in the subsurface which additives preferentially follow, preventing even distribution of additives. Recently a number of products have been introduced which allow popular use of bioremediation using biostimulative methods. They may harness local bacteria using biostimulation by creating a hospitable environment for hydrocarbon devouring microorganisms, or they may introduce foreign bacteria into the environment as a direct application to the hydrocarbon. While the jury is out as to whether either is particularly more effective than the other, prima fascie consideration suggests the int ... more details
during those early days of bioaugmentation , since a local ordinance required dischargers to control ... commercial microbial clean up of an oil spill in 1968, municipal sewage bioaugmentation in 1967, septic ... more details
of technologies. Some of the biological treatment techniques include bioaugmentation , bioventing , biosparging ... treatment technologies Bioaugmentation If a treatability study shows no degradation or an extended ... more details
Bioremediation is the use of microorganism metabolism to remove pollutants. Technologies can be generally classified as in situ or ex situ . In situ bioremediation involves treating the contaminated material at the site, while ex situ involves the removal of the contaminated material to be treated elsewhere. Some examples of bioremediation technologies are phytoremediation , bioventing , bioleaching , landfarming , bioreactor , composting , bioaugmentation , rhizofiltration , and biostimulation . Bioremediation can occur on its own natural attenuation or intrinsic bioremediation or can be spurred on via the addition of fertilizers to increase the bioavailability within the medium biostimulation . Recent advancements have also proven successful via the addition of matched microbe strains to the medium to enhance the resident microbe population s ability to break down contaminants. Microorganisms used to perform the function of bioremediation are known as bioremediators . ref cite web url http www.terranovabiosystems.com science remediation resources.html title Terra Nova s Environmental Remediation Resuources publisher Terranovabiosystems.com date 2009 08 31 accessdate 2011 03 22 ref Not all contaminants, however, are easily treated by bioremediation using microorganisms. For example, heavy metals such as cadmium and lead are not readily absorbed or captured by organisms. The assimilation of metals such as mercury element mercury into the food chain may worsen matters. Phytoremediation is useful in these circumstances because natural plants or transgenic plant s are able to bioaccumulate these toxins in their above ground parts, which are then harvested for removal. ref cite journal author Meagher, RB title Phytoremediation of toxic elemental and organic pollutants journal Current Opinion in Plant Biology volume 3 issue 2 year 2000 pages 153 162 pmid 10712958 doi 10.1016 S1369 5266 99 00054 0 ref The heavy metals in the harvested biomass may be further concentrated b ... more details
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