About typography other uses Baseline disambiguation Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 File Typography Line Terms.svg right 410px In typography and penmanship , the baseline is the line upon which most letters sit and below which descender s extend. In the example to the right, the letter p has a descender the other letters sit on the red baseline. Most, though not all, typeface s are similar in the following ways as regards the baseline Majuscule capital letters sit on the baseline. The most common exceptions are the J and Q. Lining figures see Arabic numerals sit on the baseline. The following text figures have descenders 3 4 5 7 9. The following Lower case lowercase letters have descenders g j p q y. Glyphs with rounded lower extents 0 3 5 6 8 c C G J o O Q U dip very slightly below the baseline overshoot to create the optical illusion that they sit on the baseline. Peter Karow s Digital Typefaces suggests that typical overshoot is about 1.5 . The vertical distance of the base lines of consecutive lines in a paragraph is also known as line height or leading , although the latter can also refer to the baseline distance minus the font size. See also Overshoot typography Overshoot Typography terms DEFAULTSORT BaselineTypography Category Typography Category Penmanship Typ stub de Schriftlinie es L nea de base tipograf a fr Ligne de base typographie it Linea di base ru sr sv Baslinje typografi zh ... more details
wiktionary A baseline is a line that is a base for measurement or for construction see Data datum calculations or comparisons or reference point point of reference engineering or science . The word baseline may refer to baseline configuration management , the process of managing change baseline pharmacology baseline sea , the starting point for delimiting a coastal state s maritime zones. Baselines of the Chinese territorial sea Baselines of Indonesia baseline surveying baselinetypographybaseline budgeting , an estimate of budget expected during a fiscal year Baseline medicine , information found at the beginning of a clinical trial study The isoelectric line of an electrocardiogram The name Baseline may refer to Baseline magazine Baseline magazine , a magazine devoted to typography, book arts, graphic design Baseline database , a TV and movie industry database Baseline StudioSystems, NYT Company Baseline Road Colorado , a major east west artery in Boulder, Colorado. Baseline Road Ottawa , a major east west artery in Ottawa, Ontario. Baseline Road Arizona , a major east west artery in Phoenix, Arizona. Baseline Station OC Transpo , a transitway station in Ottawa. Base Line, Arkansas It may also refer to the base line in baseball . the back line on a tennis court , and also a style of play in tennis see tennis strategy . the end line on a basketball court . a bassline in music. a shifting baseline in statistics. disambig de Baseline es L nea de base fr Ligne de base homonymie vi ng c s ... more details
Image Baseline 58 cover and jacket.jpg thumb Issue 58 jacket Not to be for transport Baseline magazine is a magazine devoted to typography , book arts and graphic design . History Since Baseline 19 , which appeared in 1995, Baseline has been published by Bradbourne Publishing, co edited by Mike Daines ... index.php?id 114,0,0,1,0,0 title baseline h i s t o r y accessdate 2010 03 02 date 2005 ... appeared in 1979. Early editors included Mike Daines Baselines 1 3 , Tony Bisley Baseline 4 , Geoffrey Lawrence Baseline 5 and Erik Spiekermann Baselines 6, 7 . The first full color Baseline appeared as issue 8. Baseline 10 expanded the dimensions of the magazine from 8 x 11 to 10 x 14 . Baseline assumed its current size of 9 x 13 with Baseline 14 . The first four issues of Baseline were published ... varies in frequency but is typically published three times a year. gallery File baseline logo4.jpg Baseline logo since 2007 File baseline logo3.jpg Baseline logo 1994 2007 File baseline logo2.jpg Baseline logo 1988 1994 File baseline logo1.jpg Baseline logo 1979 1986 File Baseline magazine logo chronology.JPG Editor and Art Director of Baseline , Hans Dieter Reichert gives a talk in 2009 about ... as Co Editor of Baseline . Following his departure he and his wife also resigned as Co Directors of Bradbourne Publishing Ltd. As from Baseline 51, 2007, Hans Dieter Reichert AGI, FISTD, RSA is Editor ... Baseline related art products. Further information Further information about the magazine and related Baseline products can be found on Baseline s website. http www.baselinemagazine.com Further information on Hans Dieter Reichert, Graphic Designer and Art Director of Baseline see HDR Visual Communication. http www.hdr online.com For a list of Baseline magazine issues along with content, see List of Baseline magazine issues . See also List of Baseline magazine issues Communication Arts Graphis ... Baseline magazine website http www.hdr online.com Design team of Baseline see HDR Visual Communication ... more details
File Typography Line Terms.svg thumb 400px Overshoot is the degree that capital letters go below the baseline or above the cap height, and lowercase letters go below the baseline or above the mean line. In type design typeface design , the overshoot of a round or pointed capital letter like O or A is the degree to which it extends higher or lower than a comparably sized flat letter like X or H , to achieve an optical effect of being the same size. Formally, it is the degree to which capital letters go below the Baselinetypographybaseline or above the cap height , or to which a lowercase letter goes below the baseline or above the x height . For example, the highest and lowest extent of the capital O will typically exceed those of the capital X . Although the extent of overshoot varies depending on the design and the designer, perhaps 1 to 3 of the cap or x height is typical for O . Peter Karow s Digital Formats for Typefaces recommends 3 for O and 5 for A . ref http pfaedit.sourceforge.net glossary.html overshoot Typographical glossary Overshoot ref ref Peter Karow s Digital Formats for Typefaces, p. 26 ref Similar design Similar subtle adjustments to create an even appearance occur in other fields. For example, in the Go game game of go , the Go game Stones stones , which are black and white, are of slightly different sizes black slightly larger , to give the appearance of being the same size. References reflist Category TypographyTypography terms typ stub ... more details
Baseline Road may refer to United States Baseline Road Arizona in Phoenix Baseline Road Colorado in Boulder Baseline Road Southern California Canada Baseline Road Ottawa in Ontario Baseline Road Sherwood Park in Alberta disambig ... more details
About the use of baseline in surveys other uses Baseline disambiguation No footnotes date June 2010 Image Meridians baselines.png thumb 300px right This BLM map depicts the principal meridians and baselines used in the surveyal of the United States. In the United States Public Land Survey System , a baseline is the principal east west line that divides survey township s between north and south. The baseline meets its corresponding meridian geography meridian at the point of origin, or initial point , for the land survey. For example, the baseline for Nebraska and Kansas is shared as the border for both states, at the 40th parallel north . Often, a baseline is marked by other features such as a road or boundary between counties. Baseline Road in the United States In Little Rock , Arkansas , Baseline Road follows the baseline used by surveyors of the Louisiana Purchase . In Colorado , Baseline Road Colorado Baseline Road in Boulder, Colorado Boulder marks the 40th parallel, or the western extension of the Kansas Nebraska boundary, which is also the boundary between Adams County, Colorado Adams and Weld County, Colorado Weld counties. In Arizona , the baseline near the Phoenix, Arizona Phoenix metro area is marked by Baseline Road Arizona Baseline Road . In Southern California, from Highland to San Dimas, the baseline is marked by Baseline Road California Baseline Road . In Michigan, the baseline for the Michigan Survey forms the boundary between the second and third tiers of counties and in many portions, discontinuous segments of road along the baseline are known as Baseline Road Michigan Baseline Road . 8 Mile Road in the Detroit area runs along the Michigan Baseline and was formerly known as Baseline Road. Baseline Road in Hillsboro, Oregon, generally follows the Hillsboro CBL Calibration Base Line . Canada In Canadian land surveying, a base line is one of the many principal east west lines that correspond to 4 tiers of townships 2 tiers north and 2 south . Each base ... more details
About the pharmacological concept other uses Baseline disambiguation Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 In pharmacology and matters of biochemistry , baseline describes a person s state of mind or being with the absence of drugs. For example, after an LSD trip, baseline would be the point where the user is completely under control and no longer experiences any effects. DEFAULTSORT Baseline Pharmacology Category Pharmacodynamics Pharma stub ... more details
Kinetic typography the technical name for moving text is an animation technique mixing motion and text to express ideas using video animation. ref http kinetictypography.com the role of kinetic typography in product marketing ref This text is presented over time in a manner intended to convey or evoke a particular idea or emotion. It is often studied in Communication Design and Interaction Design courses ... & Hudson, 1999. ref . Early feature films contained temporal typography, but this was largely static ... opening titles began to feature typography that was truly kinetic. Scholars recognize the first feature film to extensively use kinetic typography as Alfred Hitchcock s North by Northwest 1959 . This film ... Typography.pdf ref Since then, the use of kinetic typography has become commonplace in film introductory ... Channel 4 television network in use from 1982. Categories Kinetic typography is a form of temporal typographytypography that is presented over time . It is distinct from other forms of temporal typography ... compositions. Barbara Brownie s model of temporal typography divides kinetic typography into motion typography subdivided into scrolling typography , dynamic layout and fluid typography . In dynamic layout, text elements move in relation to one another. In fluid typography, letterforms change and evolve ... article view 27 61 ref Production Kinetic typography is often produced using standard animation ... Kinetic Typography Channel on Vimeo http www.artofthetitle.com The Art of the Title Sequence A compendium ... feature kinetic typography http www.marcofolio.net video 15 stunning motion typography videos.html 15 Stunning Motion Typography Videos http www.typophile.com node 36484 Kinetic Typography at Typophile http joaobordalo.com articles 2007 08 15 top 12 kinetic typography films Top 12 Kinetic Typography Films http www.crookedgremlins.com 09 01 2008 kinetic typography tutorial Kinetic Typography Animation Tutorial Typography terms Category Typography es Tipograf a cinetica fr Typographie cin tique ... more details
IT baseline protection signifies standard security measures for typical IT systems. Overview The term baseline security is used in various contexts with somewhat different meanings. For example Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer Software tool focused on Microsoft operating system and services security http www.cisco.com en US docs solutions Enterprise Security Baseline Security securebasebook.html Cisco security baseline Vendor recommendation focused on network and network device security controls http www.nortel.com corporate news collateral ntj3 baseline 04.pdf Nortel baseline security Set of requirements and best practices with a focus on network operators ISO IEC 13335 3 defines a baseline approach to risk management. This standard has been replaced by ISO IEC 27005 , but the baseline approach was not taken over yet into the 2700x series. There are numerous internal baseline security ... baseline security standard, that is evolving towards ISO 27000 ref name iso27000 gs FSI Concept The foundation of an IT baseline protection concept is initially not a detailed risk analysis ... from the IT Baseline Protection Catalogs . The Bundesamt f r Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik Federal Office for Security in Information Technology s IT Baseline Protection Catalogs offer ... damage extents, implementation costs are also considered. By using the Baseline Protection Catalogs ... and to implement them in cooperation with professionals. The FSI grants a baseline protection certificate as confirmation for the successful implementation of baseline protection. In stages 1 and 2 ... can occur simultaneously with IT baseline protection certification. The ISO 27001 standard is the successor ... comfortable, most deviate from the IT baseline protection Protection needs determination protection needs analysis pursuant to the IT Baseline Protection Catalogs. The advantage is not only conformity ... protection authorities and integrated into the IT Baseline Protection Catalog. This component is not considered ... more details
An en is a typographic unit , half of the width of an em typography em . By definition, it is equivalent to half of the height of the font e.g. in 16 point typography point type it is 8 points . As its name suggests, it is also traditionally the width of a lowercase letter n . The Dash En dash en dash and en space punctuation space are each one en wide. In English, the en dash is commonly used for inclusive ranges e.g., pages 12 17 or August 7, 1988 November 26, 2005 , and increasingly to replace the long dash Citation needed date August 2010 . Note that when using it to replace a long dash, spaces are needed either side of it like so. See also Dash Em typography x height Typography terms DEFAULTSORT En Typography Category Typography de Halbgeviert it En tipografia sr ... more details
unreferenced date March 2009 Orphan date February 2009 A baseline is an important concept in budgeting , in particular in the United States . In terms of budgeting, the Office of Management and Budget prepares a baseline to use in expected spending of the Federal Government and its programs, deficits, revenue, total outlays and other economic factors. The Congressional Budget Office also prepares one for uses by the Budget Committees of the U.S. Congress. According to the Government Accountability Office , a Baseline is as follows Baseline An estimate of spending, revenue, the deficit or surplus, and the public debt expected during a fiscal year under current laws and current policy. The baseline is a benchmark for measuring the budgetary effects of proposed changes in revenues and spending. It assumes that receipts and mandatory spending will continue or expire in the future as required by law and that the future funding for discretionary programs will equal the most recently enacted appropriation, adjusted for inflation. Under the Budget Enforcement Act BEA , which will expire at the end of fiscal year 2006, the baseline is defined as the projection of current year levels of new budget authority, outlays, revenues, and the surplus or deficit into the budget year and outyears based on laws enacted through the applicable date. CBO Baseline Projected levels of governmental receipts revenues , budget authority, and outlays for the budget year and subsequent fiscal years, assuming generally that current policies remain the same, except as directed by law. The baseline is described in the Congressional Budget Office s CBO annual report for the House and Senate Budget Committees, The Budget and Economic Outlook, which is published in January. The baseline, by law, includes projections ... for 10 years. In most years the CBO baseline is revised in conjunction with CBO s analysis of the President s budget, which is usually issued in March, and again during the summer. The March baseline ... more details
for the baseline in an electrocardiogram isoelectric line A baseline in medicine is information found at the beginning of a clinical trial study or other initial known value which is used for comparison with later data. See also 1970 ascariasis poisoning incident Index case Patient Zero Wilder s law of initial value External links http www.medterms.com script main art.asp?articlekey 26233 medterms.com Medical Dictionary Category Medical terms med stub ... more details
About the nautical concept of baselines other uses Baseline disambiguation One source date March 2009 A baseline is the line from which the seaward limits of a State s territorial sea and certain other Ocean maritime zones of jurisdiction are measured. Normally, a sea baseline follows the mean low water spring low water line of a coastal State. When the coastline is deeply indented, has fringing islands or is highly unstable, straight baselines may be used. Measurement of baseline File Baselines chile.png thumb right 250px Chilean Baseline The following methods are used to measure a baseline under United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982. Normal baseline Except where otherwise provided in this Convention, the normal baseline for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea is the low water line along the coast as marked on large scale charts officially recognized by the coastal State. ref group note Article 5 UNCLOS 1982 ref Reefs In the case of islands situated on atolls or of islands having fringing reefs, the baseline for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea is the seaward low water line of the reef, as shown by the appropriate symbol on charts officially recognized by the coastal State. ref group note Article 6 UNCLOS 1982 ref Straight baselines In localities where the coastline is deeply indented and cut into, or if there is a fringe of islands along the coast in its immediate vicinity, the method of straight baselines joining appropriate points may be employed in drawing the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured. Where because of the presence of a delta and other natural conditions the coastline is highly unstable, the appropriate points may be selected along the furthest seaward extent of the low water line and, notwithstanding subsequent regression of the low water line, the straight baselines shall remain effective ... United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea DEFAULTSORT Baseline Sea Category Hydrography Category ... more details
Orphan date December 2010 Baseline Nunataks coor dm 70 46 S 67 1 E is a small group of nunatak s rising above the plateau ice 5 nautical miles 9 km south of Mount McKenzie , along the south side of the Aramis Range , Prince Charles Mountains . Visited in January 1957 by ANARE Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions southern party of 1956 57 led by W.G. Bewsher . This was the eastern end of a photo baseline, with Mount Hollingshead as the western end, hence the name. usgs gazetteer Category Mountains of Antarctica EAntarctica geo stub ... more details
Orphan date November 2010 Baseline Rock coor dm 67 36 S 62 44 E is an isolated rock lying between Nost Island and the Flat Islands in Holme Bay , Mac. Robertson Land . Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from air photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition , 1936 37. So named by Antarctic Names Committee of Australia ANCA because the rock was used as one end of the baseline of a triangulation carried out by ANARE Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions in 1959. usgs gazetteer Category Geography of Antarctica EAntarctica geo stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Unit of length name cicero m .0045 accuracy 4 A cicero IPAc en icon s s r o is a unit of measure used in typography in Italy , France and other continental Europe an countries, first used by Arnold Pannartz and Konrad Sweynheim Pannartz and Sweynheim in 1468 for the edition of Cicero s Epistles, Ad Familiares . The font thus acquired the name cicero . It is Frac 6 of the historical French inch , and is divided into 12 points, known in English as French points or Point typography Didot Didot point s. It is thus similar to an English Pica typography pica , but as the French inch was slightly larger than the English inch is there are about 1.063picas to a cicero. Typography terms DEFAULTSORT Cicero typography Category Typography Category Units of length ca C cero cs Cicero typografie de Cicero Ma es C cero unidad ko it Cicero unit di misura hu Cicer m rt kegys g pt C cero medida tipogr fica ru sv Cicero m tt uk ... more details
Measure or sometimes The Measure in typography refers to the width of a block or Column typography column of text from the left Margin typography margin to the right margin. Punctuation should preferably Hanging punctuation hang outside the measure. It is relative to each design , but can be used as a unit of measurement within that design to create unity and harmony. The measure of a text influences legibility. Long lines are hard to read, short lines are more easily read. 45 75 characters per line are regarded as the ideal range for the measure. For multiple column setups, 40 50 characters are often preferred. 66 is sometimes considered ideal for one column setups. Generally, if the measure is wide, the leading of a text should be increased if the measure is short, it is can safely be decreased. Reverse text, i.e. white text on black also requires more leading. ref http webtypography.net Rhythm and Proportion Horizontal Motion 2.1.2 ref ref http www.markboulton.co.uk journal comments five simple steps to better typography ref The measure or the length of a legible line is the length of the alphabet Caps, Lowercase and Numerals of a typeface of a size being used. References Reflist Typography terms DEFAULTSORT Measure Typography Category Page layout ... more details
Shifting baseline also known as sliding baseline is a term used to describe the way significant changes to a system are measured against previous baseline s, which themselves may represent significant changes from the original state of the system. The term was first used by the Fisheries science fisheries scientist Daniel Pauly in his paper Anecdotes and the shifting baseline syndrome of fisheries . ref Pauly 1995 ref Pauly developed the term in reference to fisheries management where fisheries scientists sometimes fail to identify the correct wiktionary baselinebaseline population size e.g. how abundant a fish species population was before human exploitation and thus work with a shifted baseline . He describes the way that radically depleted fisheries were evaluated by experts who used the state of the fishery at the start of their careers as the baseline, rather than the fishery in its untouched state. Areas that swarmed with a particular species hundreds of years ago, may have experienced long term decline, but it is the level of decades previously that is considered the appropriate reference point for current populations. In this way large declines in ecosystems or species over long periods of time were, and are, masked. There is a loss of perception of change that occurs when each generation redefines what is natural . Most modern fisheries stock assessments do not ignore ... baseline looks like. Broadened definition In 2002, filmmaker and former marine biologist Randy ... . A conceptual metaphor for a shifting baseline is the price of coffee . A cup of coffee may have ... abstract?CRETRY 1&SRETRY 0 Evidence for shifting baseline syndrome in conservation Conservation ... 0& userid 10&md5 313bda126ec2c8cba56b51a0c83d6e6d Anecdotes and the shifting baseline syndrome of fisheries ... Shifting baseline Conservation Science Institute http seaaroundus.org magazines 2006 ShiftingBaselines ... of shifting baseline on the health of the Puget Sound. http news.mongabay.com 2009 0623 hance shiftingbaselines.html ... more details
Punctuation marks The currency sign is a character symbol character used to denote a currency , when the symbol for a particular currency is unavailable. It is particularly common in place of symbols, such as that of the Col n currency Col n unicode , which are absent from most character sets and fonts. It can be described as a circle the size of a lowercase character with four short radiating arms at 45 NE , 135 SE , 225 , SW and 315 NW . It is slightly raised over the baseline typography baseline . It is represented in Unicode as unichar 00A4 CURRENCY SIGN dec html . The currency sign was once a part of the Mac OS Roman character set, but Apple changed the symbol at that code point to the euro sign in Mac OS 8 Mac OS 8.5 Mac OS 8.5 . In non Unicode Microsoft Windows Windows character sets, the euro sign was introduced as a new code point. In the Unicode character set, each of the two symbols has its own unique code point across all computers. The symbol is available on some keyboard layouts, for example Keyboard layout French French , Keyboard layout Danish Danish , Keyboard layout Norwegian Norwegian , Keyboard layout Swedish Swedish and Keyboard layout Finnish Finnish keyboard s, because it is used in business applications. Citation needed date April 2008 History The symbol appears in the Linear A and Linear B scripts, representing the number 1000. Citation needed date January 2010 The symbol was first encoded for computers in 1972, as a replacement for the dollar sign in ISO 646 national variants ISO 646 of ASCII and the International Reference Variant. ref http czyborra.com charsets iso646.html ref It was proposed by Italy ref http www.cs.tut.fi jkorpela latin1 ascii hist.html 24 Character histories notes on some Ascii code positions Bot generated title ref to allow an alternative to encoding the dollar sign. When ISO 8859 was standardized, it was placed at 0xA4 in the Latin, Arabic and Hebrew character sets. There was not room for it in the ISO IEC 8859 5 Cyr ... more details
Cleanup date March 2009 Infobox serial killer name Suspected Baseline Killer 1 2 image caption birthname ... USA states Phoenix, Arizona beginyear 2005 endyear 2006 apprehended 9 04 2006 penalty The Baseline Killer or Baseline Rapist was one of the two simultaneously occurring serial killer cases the other being ... were referred to as the Baseline Killer since the first crimes began around Baseline Road .... The Baseline Killer is believed to have committed nine counts of first degree murder 8 women ... of armed robberies . ref http crime.about.com od current a baseline.htm The Baseline Killer The Phoenix Baseline Killer Case ref Although not initially linked, the crimes were distinguished by having ... story 99059 Police Blood, rings tie suspect to Baseline Killer attacks Dead link date June ... and billboards displayed the sketch of the Baseline Killer, offering a 100,000 reward for information ... Goudeau matched the sketch of the Baseline Killer. Parole Officers searched Mark Goudeau s residence ... committed by the Baseline Killer. On September 4, 2006, Mark Goudeau was arrested in connection to the sexual assault of two Phoenix sisters, an attack which was tied to the Baseline Killer investigation ... to the Baseline Killer. Timeline ref http www.amw.com fugitives case.cfm?id 39736 AMW Fugitives ... ON.html Crimes linked to the Baseline Killer ref On August 6, 2005, sexual assault , 9 45 pm, 7202 S. 48th Street, Phoenix. Police say Goudeau forced three teenagers behind a church near Baseline ... story 96819 Man guilty in Baseline Killer sex assault case dead link date September 2010 ref August ... to the arrest in the Baseline Killer investigation. September 28, 2005, robbery , 1425 W. Baseline ... Road. Initially, police did not connect this crime to the Baseline Killer and believed that the murders ..., Phoenix police went public with a list of 18 crimes that they believed were the work of the Baseline ... was captured on closed circuit television . This is the last crime attributed to the Baseline ... more details
Image Typography Line Terms.svg thumb 390px The ascenders are the parts of minuscule characters that lie above the midline. In typography , an ascender is the portion of a Lower case minuscule grapheme letter in a Latin derived alphabet that extends above the mean line of a typeface font . That is, the part of a lower case letter that is taller than the font s x height . Ascenders, together with descenders , increase the recognizability of words. For this reason, British road signs no longer use all capital letters . ref Cite book last Sampson first Geoffrey title Writing Systems A linguistic introduction pages 94 95 location Stanford, California publisher Stanford University Press year 1985 isbn 0804712549 ref Studies made at the start of the construction of the British motorway network concluded that mixed case letters were much easier to read than all caps and a special font was designed for motorway signs. These then became universal across the U.K. See Road signs in the United Kingdom . References reflist Typography terms Category Typography THIS IS NOT A STUB, BUT A SHORT ARTICLE. DO NOT ADD A STUB MESSAGE. ca Asta ascendent cs P smov osnova de Liniensystem Typografie es Asta ascendente it Tratto ascendente nl Stokletter sr sv verh ng zh ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Image swash.png thumbnail right Swashes marked with red colour. Image Regular italic swash cap.png thumbnail Minion Pro in capital letters in regular 1 , italic 2 and swash 3 style. A swash is a typography typographical flourish on a glyph , like an exaggerated serif . Capital swash characters, which extended to the left, were historically often used to begin sentences. There were also Lower case minuscule swash characters, which came either extending to the left, to begin words, or to the right to end them. They were used in former times to help fit the text to the line, instead of spaces of varying widths Justification typesetting justification . Some of the characters in typographical ligature ligatures were called swash characters, even though they did not protrude to the space on either side of the piece of type, such as the tail of a capital Q passing under its succeeding u . Similarly the tail of a swash g would extend to the left beneath a number of preceding letters limited by the set of ligatures the typographer chose for the set. File Zapfino.svg thumb left Flamboyant swashes in the Zapfino typeface Typography terms DEFAULTSORT Swash Typography Category Typography it Svolazzo nl Sierkapitaal sv Swash ... more details
orphan date October 2009 Modern Typography was a reaction against the perceived decadence of typography ... typography reflected a modern, universal method of communication . This design concept assumes ... 258. University of Toronto Press, 1968. ref Jan Tschichold codified the principles of modern typography in his 1928 book, New Typography . He later repudiated the philosophy he espoused in this book as being fascistic, but it remained very influential. Typeface The hallmark of early modern typography ... important element in legibility and easy reading. ref Kibbee, W Modern Trends in Typography , The American ... mgt docs ModernTrendsinTypography.pdf ref Objective The Modern typography states as its first objective ... of technology and nature, form must be created out of function. Only then can we achieve typography ... Typography A Handbook for Modern Designers 1928 , page 66. University of California Press Reprint edition 1998 ref The trend in modern typography is definitely toward simplicity and legibility, employing ... Kibbee, W Modern Trends in Typography , The American Journal of Economics and Sociology , page 219 ..., 2000. ref Beatrice Ward wrote a famous article about rules for typography in modern print in 1932 ... Goblet Sixteen Essays on Typography , page 91. World Publishing, 1956. ref To make a good choice of typography ... Essays on Typography , page 92. World Publishing, 1956. ref B. Ward pushes to the extreme when she ... and their claim that typography, like architecture , must be functional. See also Pioneers of Modern Typography Kurt Schwitters Piet Zwart Alexander Rodchenko Russian avant garde De Stijl Beatrice Warde ..., Jan, translated by McLean, Ruari, 1925 , The New Typography A Handbook for Modern Designers ... published in The Crystal Goblet Sixteen Essays on Typography , Cleveland and New York World Publishing ... result&resnum 1 v onepage&q &f false Pioneers of modern typography By Herbert Spencer , Google ... 11 v onepage&q &f false The New Typography A Handbook for Modern Designers By Jan Tschichold ... more details
In typography , a counter or aperture is an area entirely or partially enclosed by a letter form or a symbol the counter space the hole of . ref cite book last1 Maxymuk first1 John title Using desktop publishing to create newsletters, handouts, and Web pages trans title url http books.google.com books?ei Py1jSuyoH4nAzQT 1rn1CA&id 1cyy76 taU4C&dq typography counter&q counter format Google books snippet view accessdate July 19, 2009 year 1997 page 33 quote Counter is the white space center of enclosed letters like Bb, Dd, Pp. publisher Neal Schuman isbn 9781555702656 ref ref cite book last1 Narang first1 Sumita authorlink1 last2 first2 editor1 first editor1 last editor1 link others title Designing Websites According to the Ancient Science of Directions url http books.google.com books?id zVUCxdx7QYcC&pg PA74&dq typography counter aperture&as brr 3&ei HS5jSsXAMpnCzgTk7OyuDQ format Google books limited prview accessdate July 19, 2009 edition series volume date year 2006 publisher Smita Jain Narang location language isbn 9788120730717 page 74 quote Open space in a letter is called the counter or the aperture. ref Letters containing closed counters include A, B, D, O, P, Q, R, a, b, d, e, g, o, p, and q. Letters containing open counters include c, f, h, i, s etc. The digits 0, 4, 6, 8, and 9 also possess a counter. Typography terms References Reflist Category Typography typ stub Other languages de Punze Typografie fr Contreforme ... more details
mergeto Book design Page spread date July 2010 Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 In page layout and typography, a spread often redundantly called a two page spread is the unit formed by two adjacent, facing page paper pages in a magazine or other publication, featuring a single image such as a photograph or piece of artwork or a themed group of images such as a flowchart or collection of map s . The line down the middle where the pages come together is called the gutter. See also Center spread A spread in the center of a magazine, where the two pages are one physical piece of paper. Gatefold or foldout A page which folds out beyond the edges of the publication. Gatefolds and foldouts are frequently, but not necessarily, center spreads. Comics vocabulary Splash page Splash page DEFAULTSORT Spread Typography Category Page layout Publish stub pl Strony widz ce ... more details
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