Aurora kinases are serine threonine kinases that are essential for cell growth cell proliferation . The enzyme helps the dividing cell dispense its gene genetic materials to its daughter cells. More specifically, Aurora kinases play a crucial role in cellular division by controlling chromatid segregation. Defects in this segregation can cause genetic instability, a condition which is highly associated with tumorigenesis Bolanos Garcia, 2005 . Three Aurora kinases have been identified in mammalian cells to date. Besides being implicated as mitotic regulators, these three kinases have generated significant interest in the cancer research field due to their elevated expression profiles in many human cancers Giet & Prigent, 1999 . The human Aurora kinases present a similar domain organization, with a N terminal domain of 39 to 129 residues in length, a protein kinase domain and a short C terminal domain containing 15 to 20 residues. The N terminal domain of three proteins share low sequence conservation, which determines selectivity during protein protein interactions Bolanos Garcia, 2005 . As, mentioned above, there are three classes of aurora kinases Aurora A kinaseAurora A aka Aurora 2 functions during prophase of mitosis and is required for correct function of the centrosome s the microtubule organising centres in eukaryotic cells . Aurora B kinaseAurora B aka Aurora 1 functions in the attachment of the mitotic spindle to the centromere. Aurora C kinaseAurora C Gene AURKC works in germ line cells and little is known about its function. References Bolanos garcia V M. Aurora kinases. The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology 37 2005 1572 1577. Giet R, Prigent C. Aurora Ipl1p related kinases, a new oncogenic family of mitotic serine threonine kinases. Journal of Cell Science 112 1999 3591 3601. External links MeshName aurorakinase enzyme stub Serine threonine specific protein kinases de Aurorakinase ... more details
PBB geneid 6790 Aurora A kinase also known as serine threonine protein kinase 6 is an enzyme that in humans ... ref Aurora A is a member of a family of mitotic serine threonine kinase s. It is implicated with important ... M, Hyman AA, Oegema K title Aurora A kinase is required for centrosome maturation in Caenorhabditis ... activation of Aurora A kinase during the meiosis I meiosis II transition in Xenopus oocytes journal ... and mitotic importance was realized. ref name ref1 AuroraKinase Family The human genome contains three members the Aurorakinase family Aurora A kinase, Aurora B kinase and Aurora C kinase. The Xenopus ... play important roles in mitosis . The Aurora A kinase is associated with centrosome maturation and separation and thereby regulates spindle assembly and stability. The Aurora B kinase is a chromosome ... in the S phase . As the cell cycle progresses, concentrations of Aurora A increase and the kinase associates ... M, Hirota T, Kohmura E, Saya H title Aurora A kinase maintains the fidelity of early and late mitotic ... A, 20q13, are generally considered to have a poor prognosis. ref name ref1 Interactions Aurora A kinase ... kinaseAurora A STK15 interacts with a putative tumor suppressor NM23 H1 journal Nucleic ... R, Gruss OJ, Meraldi P, Nigg EA title Human TPX2 is required for targeting Aurora A kinase to the spindle ... and computational studies indicate specific binding of pVHL protein to Aurora A kinase journal J ... kinase, Aik, related to Aurora of Drosophila and yeast Ipl1. journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 272 ... assignment of mammalian aurora homologues, aurora related kinase ARK 1 and 2. journal Biochem ... Aurora A kinase and protein phosphatase 1 through mitotic cell division cycle. journal J. Biol. Chem ..., K rner R, et al. title Human TPX2 is required for targeting Aurora A kinase to the spindle. journal ... RA title A putative serine threonine kinase encoding gene BTAK on chromosome 20q13 is amplified and overexpressed ... kinase STK15 BTAK induces centrosome amplification, aneuploidy and transformation journal Nat ... more details
. PBB geneid 9212 Aurora B kinase is a protein that functions in the attachment of the mitotic ... associate with microtubules during chromosome movement and segregation. Aurorakinase B localizes ... name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene AURKB aurorakinase B url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez ..., a hallmark of cancer. History In 1998, Aurorakinase B was identified in humans by a polymerase ... of Drosophila aurorakinase is oncogenic and amplified in human colorectal cancers. EMBO J. 17, 3052 3065 1998 . ref In the same year, rat Aurorakinase B was identified in a screen designed ... Expression and subcellular localization File Aurora B localization.jpg thumb Aurora B kinase in green ... of Drosophila aurorakinase is oncogenic and amplified in human colorectal cancers. EMBO J. 17 ..., M. & Wang, Y. L. Probing the dynamics and functions of Aurora B kinase in living cells during .... Biol. Cell 14 2003 , pp. 3325 3341. ref INCENP stimulates Aurora B kinase activity. Survivin might ..., S.H. Rosenberg and S.C. Ng, Survivin enhances Aurora B kinase activity and localizes Aurora B in human ... A is phosphorylated by Aurora B kinase and plays an unexpected role in completion of cytokinesis ... of the kinetochore. Phosphorylation of CENP A at serine 7 by Aurora A kinase recruits Aurora ... II show significantly reduced Aurora B kinase activity. Inhibition of Aurora B due to loss of topoisomerase ... Aurora B kinase activity, at least in part because EB1 blocks the dephosphorylation inactivation ..., G. J. Inhibition of aurora B kinase blocks chromosome segregation, overrides the spindle checkpoint ... Zeitlin, S. G., Shelby, R. D. & Sullivan, K. F. CENP A is phosphorylated by Aurora B kinase and plays ... mitosis. ref Hsu, J. Y.et al. Mitotic phosphorylation of histone H3 is governed by Ipl1 aurorakinase ... disrupts chromosome structure and compaction. ref Giet, R. & Glover, D. M. Drosophila Aurora B kinase ..., M., Loidl, J. & Glotzer, M. The Aurora B kinase AIR 2 regulates kinetochores during mitosis ... more details
pathway. Kinases are often named after their substrates. References Reflist 2 See also Protein kinase Cyclin dependent kinase Ca2 calmodulin dependent protein kinase Ca sup 2 sup calmodulin dependent protein kinase Signal transduction G protein coupled receptor Kinases Category EC 2.7.1 an Quinasa ca Quinasa cs Kin za de Kinase es Quinasa fa fr Kinase ko io Kinazo id Kinase it Chinasi he nl Kinase ja oc Quinasa pl Kinazy pt Cinase ru sr Kinaza fi Kinaasi sv Kinas uk vi Kinase zh ... more details
County, Wisconsin Vanuatu Aurora Island or Maewo Sciences Biology Aurorakinase s, a family of kinase ...Wiktionary AuroraauroraAurora most commonly refers to Aurora astronomy , a glow in the sky seen at polar latitudes Aurora mythology , the goddess of the dawn in Roman mythology Aurora may also refer to TOC right Arts Literature Aurora comics , a superheroine in the Marvel Universe Aurora newspaper , a Swedish newspaper Aurora planet , a Spacer world in Isaac Asimov s fiction Aurora Award or lang fr Prix Aurora , a Canadian science fiction and fantasy award Aurora , a surrealist novel by Michel Leiris Aurora , the airship on which Matt Cruse serves in Airborn Aurora periodical Aurora periodical , a Hungarian literary journal, published 1822 1837 Philadelphia Aurora , an early Philadelphia newspaper Music Aurora band , an electronic music project AuroraAurora album AuroraAurora album Aurora punk band , a Hungarian punk band Aurora Jean Luc Ponty album Aurora Jean Luc Ponty album Aurora Angela Chang album Aurora Angela Chang album Aurora Bada album Aurora Bada album Aurora Esmerine album Aurora Esmerine album Aurora Nico Touches the Walls album Aurora Nico Touches the Walls album Aurora Susumu Hirasawa album Aurora Susumu Hirasawa album Aurora opera Aurora opera , a opera by Ettore Panizza Aurora , a 2009 song and album and by Avishai Cohen Aurora , a 1941 song by The Andrews Sisters Aurora , a song by 36 Crazyfists from Rest Inside the Flames Aurora , a song by Bj rk from Vespertine Aurora , a song by Foo Fighters from There Is Nothing Left to Lose Aurora , a song by Lapush from Someplace Closer to Here Aurora , a song by Vanessa Mae from Storm Vanessa Mae album Storm Aurora , a song by Veruca Salt from Tank Girl film Soundtrack Tank Girl Aurora , an orchestral tone poem by William Lloyd Webber Visual media Aurora 1984 film Aurora 1984 film , a 1984 Italian film Aurora 2006 film Aurora 2006 film , a 2006 Ukrainian film Aurora 2010 film Aurora 2010 film , a 2010 Romanian ... more details
Infobox single See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name The Aurora Type ep Longtype Artist S.E.S. group S.E.S. Cover SES Single 6 5.jpg Cover size Caption Released July 21, 2000 Recorded Genre J pop , dance music dance Length Language Japanese language Japanese Label Producer VAP Reviews Compiled by Chronology Last single Love S.E.S. song br 2000 This single The Aurora br 2000 Next single Lovin You S.E.S. song Lovin You br 2000 Misc For the indoor arena once called The Aurora Events Center , please see Alerus Center . The Aurora is a single in 2000 by S.E.S. group S.E.S. . This is S.E.S. 6.5 Japanese single. It sold approximately 3,000 copies. Track listing Single Version Northern Lights Mix Blizzard Mix Instrumental External links ko icon http star.ilikepop.com starhome ses S.E.S. Official Site ko icon http smtown.com SM Entertainment s Official Site S.E.S. albums DEFAULTSORT Aurora, The Category S.E.S. songs Category 2000 singles japan album stub ko ... more details
MAP kinasekinasekinase or MAP3K or MEKK is a serine threonine specific protein kinase which acts upon MAP kinasekinase . In humans there are at least 19 genes MAP3K1 aka MEKK1 MAP3K2 MAP3K3 aka MAP3K3 MEKK3 MAP3K4 MAP3K5 aka ASK1 MAP3K6 MAP3K7 aka MAP3K7 MEKK7 aka TAK1 MAP3K8 aka TPL2 or Tpl2 MAP3K9 MAP3K10 MAP3K11 aka MAP3K11 MEKK11 aka MLK3 MAP3K12 aka MUK MAP3K13 aka LZK MAP3K14 MAP3K15 MAP3K16 aka TAO1 or TAOK1 MAP3K17 aka TAO2 or TAOK2 RAF1 BRAF ARAF ZAK Perhaps the best characterized MAP3K are the members of the oncogenic RAF family RAF1, BRAF, ARAF , which are effectors of mitogenic ras signaling and which activate the ERK1 2 MAPK3 MAPK1 pathway, through activation of MEK1 MAP2K1 and MEK2 MAP2K2 . MEKK1 activates C Jun N terminal kinases MAPK8 JNK by phosphorylation of its activator SEK1 MAP2K4 . ref cite journal author Yan M, et al. title Activation of stress activated protein kinase by MEKK1 phosphorylation of its activator SEK1 year 1994 journal Nature volume 372 pages 798 800 pmid 7997270 issue 6508 ref MAP3K3 directly regulates the C Jun N terminal kinases MAPK8 JNK and MAPK ERK pathway extracellular signal regulated protein kinase ERK pathways by activating SEK and MEK1 2 respectively it does not regulate the p38 mitogen activated protein kinases p38 pathway. ref cite journal author Ellinger Ziegelbauer H, et al. title Direct activation of the stress activated protein kinase SAPK and extracellular signal regulated protein kinase ERK pathways by an inducible mitogen activated protein Kinase ERK kinasekinase 3 MEKK derivative year 1997 journal J Biol Chem. volume 272 pages 2668 74 doi 10.1074 jbc.272.5.2668 pmid 9006902 issue 5 ref MAP3K7 TAK1 participate in regulation of transcription by transforming growth factor beta TGF beta . ref cite journal author Yamaguchi K, et al. title Identification of a member of the MAPKKK family as a potential mediator of TGF ... MAP KinaseKinase Kinases EC number 2.7.11.25 References Reflist biochemistry stub MAP kinase activation ... more details
Mitogen activated protein kinasekinasekinasekinase MAP4K is a family of proteins involved in cellular signal transduction . Note This list is probably far from complete, in both the number of molecules and their common alternative names. Original editor has further knowledge but is reluctant to include it because he is still learning. MAP4K1 aka HPK1 MAP4K2 aka GCK MAP4K3 MAP4K4 MAP4K5 Additional Images gallery File Signal transduction v1.png Some signal transduction pathways. MAP4K s not labelled. File MAPKpathway.jpg MAPK pathway. Some or all of the MAP4K s in this image are labelled by other names, such as HPK1 and GCK. gallery See Also Signal transduction MAP kinase MAP kinasekinase MAP kinasekinasekinase biochemistry stub MAP kinase activation Serine threonine specific protein kinases ... more details
enzyme Name dephospho reductase kinasekinase EC number 2.7.11.3 CAS number 72060 33 4 IUBMB EC number 2 7 11 3 GO code 0047848 image width caption In enzymology , a dephospho reductase kinasekinase EC number 2.7.11.3 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP dephospho hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase NADPH kinase math rightleftharpoons math ADP hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase NADPH kinase Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are adenosine triphosphate ATP and dephospho hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase NADPH kinase , whereas its two product chemistry products are adenosine diphosphate ADP and hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase NADPH kinase . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those transferring a phosphate group to the sidechain oxygen atom of serine or threonine residues in protein s protein serine threonine kinase s . The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP dephospho hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase NADPH kinase phosphotransferase . Other names in common use include AMP activated kinase , AMP activated protein kinasekinase , hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase kinasekinase , hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase kinasekinase , phosphorylating , reductase kinase , reductase kinasekinase , and STK30 . References reflist 1 cite journal author Beg ZH, Stonik JA, Brewer HB Jr date 1979 title Characterization and regulation of reductase kinase, a protein kinase that modulates the enzymic activity of 3 hydroxy 3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. volume 76 pages 4375&ndash 9 pmid 291971 doi 10.1073 pnas.76.9.4375 issue 9 pmc ... activated and phospholipid dependent protein kinase journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 260 pages 1682 ... CoA reductase identification of the site phosphorylated by the AMP activated protein kinase in vitro ... of hamster 3 hydroxy 3 methylglutaryl CoA reductase prevents phosphorylation by AMP activated kinase ... more details
Casein kinase is a kinase enzyme. Casein kinase 1 Casein kinase 2 Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it from being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Long comment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. biochemistry stub Category Enzymes ... more details
protein Name phosphomevalonate kinase caption image width HGNCid 9141 Symbol PMVK AltSymbols EntrezGene 10654 OMIM 607622 RefSeq NM 006556 UniProt Q15126 PDB ECnumber 2.7.4.2 Chromosome 1 Arm p Band 13 LocusSupplementaryData q23 Phosphomevalonate kinase is an enzyme in the mevalonate pathway. Image Mevalonate pathway.png 350px thumb center Mevalonate pathway External links MeshName Phosphomevalonate kinase biochemistry stub Kinases Mevalonate pathway de Phosphomevalonat Kinase ... more details
protein Name G protein coupled receptor kinase 1 caption image width HGNCid 10013 Symbol GRK1 AltSymbols RHOK EntrezGene 6011 OMIM 180381 RefSeq NM 002929 UniProt Q15835 PDB ECnumber 2.7.11.14 Chromosome 13 Arm q Band 34 LocusSupplementaryData Rhodopsin kinase is a serine threonine specific protein kinase involved in phototransduction . See also Rhodopsin Beta adrenergic receptor kinase G protein coupled receptor kinases External links MeshName Rhodopsin kinase biochemistry stub Serine threonine specific protein kinases Eye proteins ... more details
enzyme Name glycerol kinase EC number 2.7.1.30 CAS number IUBMB EC number GO code image width caption protein Name glycerol kinase caption image width HGNCid 4289 Symbol GK AltSymbols EntrezGene 2710 OMIM 300474 RefSeq NM 000167 UniProt P32189 PDB ECnumber 2.7.1.30 Chromosome X Arm p Band 21.3 LocusSupplementaryData Glycerol kinase is a phosphotransferase enzyme involved in lipolysis . Glycerol kinase catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate from adenosine triphosphate ATP to glycerol thus forming glycerol phosphate . Adipocytes lack glycerol kinase so they cannot metabolize the glycerol produced during triacyl glycerol degradation. This glycerol is instead shuttled to the liver via the blood where it is phosphorylated by glycerol kinase to glycerol phosphate converted to DHAP dihydroxyacetone phosphate which can participate in glycolysis or gluconeogenesis . Structure Glycerol Kinase adopts a rnase H ribonuclease H like fold consisting of an alpha beta 2 layer sandwich of CATH family 3.30.420.40. As of March 2010, there were 20 structures of this protein in the PDB, most of which are homodimeric. See also glycerol kinase External links MeshName Glycerol Kinase References Biochemistry, Champe, P.C., Harvey, R.A., Ferrier, D.R., 3rd ed., 2005. transferase stub Kinases de Glycerinkinasen ... more details
enzyme Name NADH kinase EC number 2.7.1.86 CAS number 62213 39 2 IUBMB EC number 2 7 1 86 GO code 0042736 image width caption In enzymology , a NADH kinase EC number 2.7.1.86 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP NADH math rightleftharpoons math ADP NADPH Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are adenosine triphosphate ATP and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NADH , whereas its two product chemistry products are adenosine diphosphate ADP and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADPH . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those transferring phosphorus containing groups phosphotransferase s with an alcohol group as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP NADH 2 phosphotransferase . Other names in common use include reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide kinase phosphorylating , DPNH kinase , reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide kinase , and NADH kinase . This enzyme has at least one effector biology effector , Acetate . References reflist 1 cite journal author Griffiths MM, Bernofsky C date 1972 title Purification and properties of reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide kinase from yeast mitochondria journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 247 pages 1473&ndash 8 pmid 4335000 issue 5 enzyme stub Category EC 2.7.1 Category NADPH dependent enzymes Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
Pfam box Symbol Thymidylate kin Name Thymidylate kinase Pfam PF02223 InterPro IPR000062 PROSITE PDOC01034 PDB PDB 1e2d PDB 1e2e PDB 1e2f PDB 1e2g PDB 1e2q PDB 1e98 PDB 1e99 PDB 1e9a PDB 1e9b PDB 1e9c Thymidylate kinase EC number 2.7.4.9 dTMP kinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of Thymidine monophosphate thymidine 5 monophosphate dTMP to form thymidine 5 diphosphate dTDP in the presence of ATP and magnesium ATP thymidine 5 phosphate math rightleftharpoons math ADP thymidine 5 diphosphate Thymidylate kinase is an ubiquitous enzyme of about 25 Kd and is important in the dTTP synthesis pathway for DNA synthesis. The function of dTMP kinase in eukaryotes comes from the study of a cell cycle mutant, cdc8, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Structural and functional analyses suggest that the cDNA codes for authentic human dTMP kinase. The mRNA levels and enzyme activities corresponded to cell cycle progression and cell growth stages. ref name PUB00016913 cite journal author Li C, Huang SH, Tang A, Drisco B, Zhang SQ, Seeger R, Jong A title Human dTMP kinase gene expression and enzymatic activity coinciding with cell cycle progression and cell growth journal DNA Cell Biol. volume 13 issue 5 pages 461 471 year 1994 pmid 8024690 doi 10.1089 dna.1994.13.461 ref Subfamilies Predicted thymidylate kinase, TKRP1 InterPro IPR014505 Human proteins containing this domain DTYMK See also Thymidine kinase Thymidylate synthase References reflist InterPro content IPR000062 DEFAULTSORT Thymidylate Kinase Category Protein families protein stub ... more details
enzyme Name undecaprenol kinase EC number 2.7.1.66 CAS number 9068 22 8 IUBMB EC number 2 7 1 66 GO code 0009038 image width caption In enzymology , an undecaprenol kinase EC number 2.7.1.66 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP undecaprenol math rightleftharpoons math ADP undecaprenyl phosphate Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are adenosine triphosphate ATP and undecaprenol , whereas its two product chemistry products are adenosine diphosphate ADP and undecaprenyl phosphate . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those transferring phosphorus containing groups phosphotransferase s with an alcohol group as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP undecaprenol phosphotransferase . Other names in common use include isoprenoid alcohol kinase , isoprenoid alcohol phosphokinase , C55 isoprenoid alcohol phosphokinase , isoprenoid alcohol kinase phosphorylating , C55 isoprenoid alcohol kinase , C55 isoprenyl alcohol phosphokinase , and polyisoprenol kinase . This enzyme participates in peptidoglycan biosynthesis . References reflist 1 cite journal author Higashi Y, Siewert G, Strominger JL date 1970 title Biosynthesis of the peptidoglycan of bacterial cell walls. XIX Isoprenoid alcohol phosphokinase journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 245 pages 3683&ndash 90 pmid 4248528 issue 14 enzyme stub Category EC 2.7.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
Polynucleotide kinase or PNK is a T7 phage T7 bacteriophage or bacteriophage T4 T4 bacteriophage enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a gamma phosphate from Adenosine triphosphate ATP to the free hydroxyl end of the 5 DNA or RNA . The resulting product could be used to end label DNA or RNA, or in a ligation reaction. External links http www.vivo.colostate.edu hbooks genetics biotech enzymes pnk.html Vivo http www.neb.com nebecomm products productM0236.asp New England Biolabs T4 PNK page Other Languages DEFAULTSORT Polynucleotide Kinase Category Enzymes Cell biology stub fr Polynucl otide kinase ... more details
Pantothenate kinase PanK CoaA is the first enzyme in the Coenzyme A biosynthetic pathway. It phophorylates pantothenate Vitamin B5 vitamin B sub 5 sub to form 4 phosphopantothenate. Types Three distinct types of PanK has been identified PanK I found in bacteria , PanK II mainly found in eukaryotes, but also in the Staphylococci and PanK III, also known as CoaX found in bacteria . Eukaryotic PanK II enzymes often occur as different isoforms, such as PanK1, PanK2, PanK3 and PanK4. Genes Gene PANK1 , Gene PANK2 , Gene PANK3 , Gene PANK4 . PANK2 is associated with Pantothenate kinase associated neurodegeneration , formerly called Hallervorden Spatz syndrome. External links MeshName Pantothenate kinase EC number 2.7.1.33 enzyme stub Kinases Metabolism of vitamins, coenzymes, and cofactors Category EC 2.7.1 de Pantothenatkinase fr Pantoth nate kinase ja ... more details
enzyme Name deoxynucleoside kinase EC number 2.7.1.145 CAS number 52227 81 3 IUBMB EC number 2 7 1 145 GO code 0019136 image width caption In enzymology , a deoxynucleoside kinase EC number 2.7.1.145 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP 2 deoxynucleoside math rightleftharpoons math ADP 2 deoxynucleoside 5 phosphate Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are adenosine triphosphate ATP and 2 deoxynucleoside , whereas its two product chemistry products are adenosine diphosphate ADP and 2 deoxynucleoside 5 phosphate . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those transferring phosphorus containing groups phosphotransferase s with an alcohol group as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP deoxynucleoside 5 phosphotransferase . Other names in common use include multispecific deoxynucleoside kinase , ms dNK , multisubstrate deoxyribonucleoside kinase , multifunctional deoxynucleoside kinase , D. melanogaster deoxynucleoside kinase , and Dm dNK . Structural studies As of late 2007, 5 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 1OE0 , PDB link 1OT3 , PDB link 1ZM7 , PDB link 1ZMX , and PDB link 2JCS . References reflist 1 cite journal author Munch Petersen B, Piskur J, Sondergaard L date 1998 title Four deoxynucleoside kinase activities from Drosophila melanogaster are contained within a single monomeric enzyme, a new multifunctional deoxynucleoside kinase journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 273 pages 3926&ndash 31 pmid 9461577 doi 10.1074 jbc.273.7.3926 issue 7 cite journal author Munch Petersen B, Knecht W, Lenz C, Sondergaard L, Piskur J date 2000 title Functional expression of a multisubstrate deoxyribonucleoside kinase from Drosophila melanogaster and its C terminal deletion mutants journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 275 pages 6673&ndash 9 pmid 10692477 doi 10.1074 jbc.275.9.6673 issue 9 enzyme stub Category ... more details
Image pkb.jpg thumb right 250px Typical Pyruvate Kinase Structure, small X ray Crystallography Derived small Pyruvate kinase List of EC numbers EC 2 EC 2.7.1 Phosphotransferases with an Alcohol Group as Acceptor EC 2.7.1 .40 is an enzyme involved in glycolysis . It catalyst catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from phosphoenolpyruvate PEP to adenosine diphosphate ADP , yielding one molecule of pyruvate and one molecule of adenosine triphosphate ATP . Reaction The reaction with pyruvate kinase ... dehydrogenase to reduce pyruvate to lactate. In humans, there are two pyruvate kinase isozymes ..., and are, in general, irreversible under wild type conditions . Pyruvate kinase activity is regulated ... pyruvate kinase is also regulated indirectly by epinephrine and glucagon , through protein kinase A . This protein kinase phosphorylates liver pyruvate kinase to deactivate it. Muscle pyruvate kinase is not inhibited by epinephrine activation of protein kinase A. Glucagon signals fasting no glucose ... phosphatase I, leading to dephosphorylation and activation of pyruvate kinase. These controls prevent pyruvate kinase from being active at the same time as the enzymes that catalyze the reverse ... kinase deficiency . In this condition, a lack of pyruvate kinase slows down the process of glycolysis ... cycle is not available. One example is red blood cells , which in a state of pyruvate kinase deficiency rapidly become deficient in ATP and can undergo hemolysis . Therefore, pyruvate kinase deficiency can cause hemolytic anemia . Role in gluconeogenesis Pyruvate kinase also serves as a regulatory ... and other substrates. When pyruvate kinase is inhibited by phosphorylation which occurs in the fasting ... will have both Pyruvate kinase and PPDK. ref citation doi 10.1128 EC.00258 06 pmc 1694820 year ... External links MeshName Pyruvate kinase glycolysis Kinases Glycolysis enzymes Category EC 2.7.1 de Pyruvatkinase es Piruvato quinasa fr Pyruvate kinase it Piruvato chinasi nl Pyruvaatkinase pl ... more details
enzyme Name Polo kinase EC number 2.7.11.21 CAS number IUBMB EC number 2 7 11 21 GO code image width caption In enzymology , a polo kinase EC number 2.7.11.21 is a kinase enzyme i.e. one that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP a protein math rightleftharpoons math ADP a phosphoprotein Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of these enzymes are adenosine triphosphate ATP and protein , whereas their two product chemistry products are adenosine diphosphate ADP and phosphoprotein . These enzymes belong to the family of transferase s, specifically those transferring a phosphate group to the sidechain oxygen atom of serine or threonine residues in protein s protein serine threonine kinase s . The systematic name of this polo like kinase enzyme class is ATP protein phosphotransferase Spindle apparatus spindle pole dependent . Examples and other names in common use include Cdc5 , Cdc5p , Plk , PLK , PLK1 Plk1 , Plo1 , POLO kinase , polo serine threonine kinase , polo like kinase , polo like kinase 1 , serine threonine specific Drosophila kinase polo , and STK21 . These enzymes participate in 3 metabolism metabolic pathways cell cycle , cell cycle yeast , and progesterone mediated oocyte maturation . Structural studies As of late 2007, 5 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 2OGQ , PDB link 2OJS , PDB link 2OJX , PDB link 2OU7 , and PDB link 2OWB . References reflist 1 cite journal author C, Karess RE, Glover DM, Sunkel CE date 1991 title polo encodes a protein kinase homolog required ... of a protein kinase encoding mouse gene, Plk, related to the polo gene of Drosophila 1993 cite ... and subcellular localization of Plk1, a human protein kinase implicated in mitotic spindle ... like kinase Plo1 to the spindle pole body and a functional spindle assembly checkpoint journal J. Cell ... author Ohkura H date 2003 title Phosphorylation polo kinase joins an elite club journal Curr. Biol ... more details
enzyme Name choline kinase EC number 2.7.1.32 CAS number 9026 67 9 IUBMB EC number 2 7 1 32 GO code 0004103 image width caption Choline kinase EC number 2.7.1.32 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction between ATP and choline to make a phosphocholine. ATP choline math rightleftharpoons math ADP O phosphocholine Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are adenosine triphosphate ATP and choline , whereas its two product chemistry products are adenosine diphosphate ADP and O phosphocholine . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those transferring phosphorus containing groups phosphotransferase s with an alcohol group as acceptor. The first detailed investigation of the enzyme was conducted by McCamen in 1962, where it was shown that the brain is the richest source of the enzyme in mammalian tissue. A related enzyme, ethanolamine kinase tends to co purify with choline kinase leading to a suggestion that the two activities are mediated by two distinct active sites on a single protein. ref Spanner, S. & Ansell, G.B. 1978 . Choline kinase and ethanolamine kinase activity in the cytosol of nerve endings from rat forebrain. 178, 753 760 ref The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP choline phosphotransferase . These enzymes participate in glycine, serine and threonine metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Structural studies As of late 2007, 6 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 1NW1 , PDB link 2CKO , PDB link 2CKP , PDB link 2CKQ , PDB link 2I7Q , and PDB link 2IG7 . References reflist 1 cite journal author Hayashi SI, Lin EC year 1967 title Purification and properties of glycerol kinase from Escherichia coli journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 242 pages 1030&ndash 5 pmid 5335908 issue 5 cite journal author Wittenberg ... 431&ndash 444 pmid 13061469 DEFAULTSORT Choline Kinase Category EC 2.7.1 Category Enzymes of known ... more details
enzyme Name glycerate kinase EC number 2.7.1.31 CAS number 9026 61 3 IUBMB EC number 2 7 1 31 GO code 0008887 image width caption Pfam box Symbol Glyc kinase Name Glycerate kinase Pfam PF02595 InterPro IPR004381 PROSITE PDB PDB 1to6 In enzymology , a glycerate kinase EC number 2.7.1.31 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP R glycerate math rightleftharpoons math ADP 3 phospho R glycerate Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are adenosine triphosphate ATP and R glycerate , whereas its two product chemistry products are adenosine diphosphate ADP and 3 phospho R glycerate . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those transferring phosphorus containing groups phosphotransferase s with an alcohol group as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP R glycerate 3 phosphotransferase . Other names in common use include glycerate kinase phosphorylating , D glycerate 3 kinase , D glycerate kinase , glycerate 3 kinase , GK , D glyceric acid kinase , and ATP D glycerate 2 phosphotransferase . This enzyme participates in 3 metabolism metabolic pathways serine glycine threonine metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, and glyoxylate dicarboxylate metabolism. Structural studies As of late 2007, 3 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 1TO6 , PDB link 1X3L , and PDB link 2B8N . References reflist 1 cite journal author Doughty CC, Hayashi JA, Guenther HL date 1966 title Purification and properties of D glycerate 3 kinase from Escherichia coli journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 241 pages 568&ndash 72 pmid 5325263 issue 3 cite journal author ICHIHARA A, GREENBERG DM date 1957 title Studies on the purification and properties of D glyceric acid kinase of liver journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 225 pages 949&ndash 58 pmid 13416296 issue 2 enzyme stub Category EC 2.7.1 Category Enzymes of known structure ... more details
Image EIF2regulation.jpg thumb Regulation of translation initiation via phosphorylation of Ser51 in eIF2 s subunit ref name pmid11042214 cite journal author Nika J, Rippel S, Hannig EM title Biochemical analysis of the eIF2beta gamma complex reveals a structural function for eIF2alpha in catalyzed nucleotide exchange journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 276 issue 2 pages 1051 6 year 2001 month January pmid 11042214 doi 10.1074 jbc.M007398200 url ref . eIF 2 is a kinase enzyme that phosphorylates eIF 2 . ref MeshName eIF 2 Kinase ref There are four forms in mammals EIF2AK1 heme regulated inhibitor kinase HRI EIF2AK2 the double stranded RNA dependent kinase Protein kinase R PKR EIF2AK3 PEK PERK EIF2AK4 GCN2 These are all responsible for the phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eIF 2 at serine 51, one of the best characterized mechanisms for down regulating protein synthesis in higher eukaryote s in response to various stress conditions. References reflist Category Enzymes Serine threonine specific protein kinases Genetic translation enzyme stub ... more details
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