Image Artificialtears brands.jpg thumb A subset of various brands of artificialtears displayed in a store Artificialtears are lubricant eye drops used to treat the dryness and irritation associated with deficient tear production in keratoconjunctivitis sicca dry eyes . ref name eMedicine 1 cite web url http www.emedicine.com oph topic695.htm title Keratoconjunctivitis, Sicca accessdate 2006 11 12 date 2006 04 21 work eMedicine publisher WebMD WebMD, Inc. ref They are also used to moisten contact lens es and in eye examinations. Artificialtears are available Over the counter drug over the counter . Artificialtears are supplemented with other treatments in moderate to severe forms of dry eyes. Chemistry Preparations contain carboxymethyl cellulose , ref name eMedicine 1 ref name FDA 1 Hypromellose hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ref name FDA 1 a.k.a. HPMC or hypromellose , and hydroxypropyl cellulose . ref name eMedicine 1 They contain water, salts and polymer s but lack the proteins found in natural tears. Patients who use them more frequently than once every three hours ref name eMedicine 1 should choose a brand without preservatives ref name eMedicine 1 or one with special non irritating preservatives. Effects Application of artificialtears every few hours ref name Merck 1 cite web url http www.merck.com mmhe sec20 ch230 ch230d.html title Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca accessdate ... film breakup time. ref name eMedicine 1 Usage Artificialtears usually are the first line of treatment ... eMedicine 1 Thicker artificialtears can be used in severe cases, although these may temporarily ... present in some artificialtears may harm the eye. Fact date June 2007 Artificialtears ... of artificialtears is hypersensitivity . ref name eMedicine 1 Veterinary uses Artificialtears ... English indexen.htm Use of preservatives in artificialtears References references Category Drugs Category ... Equine medications es L grima artificial hr Umjetne suze pt L grima artificial zh ... more details
Other uses notability Music date December 2010 Infobox single See Wikipedia WikiProject Songs Name No Tears Cover Fancy No Tears.jpg Cover size Border Caption Artist Fancy singer Fancy Album All My Loving Fancy album All My Loving A side No Tears B side Follow Me Released 1989 Format CD single br Maxi Single Maxi CD Single br 7 single br 12 12 maxi Recorded 1989 Genre Synthpop , Hi NRG music Hi NRG Length 3 17 Radio Version br 5 28 Extended Version Label Metronome Musik GmbH br Mega Records Writer Fancy singer Fancy br Weindorf br Miller tracks 1, 2 , Fancy singer Fancy br Weindorf br Sabrina tracks 3 Producer Fancy singer Fancy Audio sample? Certification Last single Fools Cry Remix Fancy Song Fools Cry Remix br 1988 This single No Tears br 1985 Next single All My Loving Running Man Fancy song All My Loving Running Man br 1989 Misc No Tears is the first single from Fancy singer Fancy s 4th album All My Loving Fancy album All My Loving . It is his fourteenth single overall and it was released in 1989. ref http www.discogs.com Fancy No Tears master 54153 Fancy No Tears at Discogs Bot generated title ref . Track listings CD Single No Tears Radio Version 3 17 Follow Me 4 32 CD Maxi Single No Tears Extended Version 5 28 No Tears Radio Version 3 17 Follow Me 4 32 7 Vinyl Single No Tears Radio Version 3 17 Follow Me 4 32 12 Vinyl Single No Tears Extended Version 5 28 No Tears Radio Version 3 17 Follow Me 4 32 Notes No Tears was not released on the album All My Loving Fancy album All My Loving The single s B side Follow Me was only released on the No Tears single, and was not released on the album All My Loving Fancy album All My Loving References Reflist External links cite web url http www.discogs.com artist Fancy title Fancy s Discography Info accessdate 2010 12 02 cite web url http www.discogs.com Fancy No Tears master 54153 title No Tears Single Info accessdate 2010 12 02 Category Fancy songs Category 1989 singles ... more details
Infobox musical artist See Wikipedia WikiProject Musicians Name The Tears Img The Tears 2005 Roskilde ... br Makoto Sakamoto br Nathan Fisher The Tears were an England English rock music rock band, formed .... http www.mirror.co.uk tv entertainment music 2005 05 20 it s all ended in tears 115875 15538691 It s all ended in tears . Daily Mirror . 20 May 2005 ref As Suede soldiered on and Butler forged a solo ... search ?keyword 22Ex Suede Mates Form The Tears 22&x 13&y 8 news ex suede mates form the tears 1000682129.story Ex Suede Mates Form The Tears . Billboard.com . October 21, 2004. ref which ends with the line The only sound heard is the sound of tears . The band played their first ever live show ... Pop The Tears . The Times . 18 December 2004 ref Apart from relatively minor reviews of the first clutch of live shows, The Tears first press, a review of Refugees , interview with Anderson and a poster ... reinvigorated by each other s company. Anderson talks excitedly of Tears songs like the ballad ... provocative flash and arrogance when talk turns to the future Here Comes the Tears feels like a debut ... for their show at the Sheffield Leadmill in April. ref http www.nme.com news the tears 19757 Treat ... album, Here Come the Tears followed on 6 June 2005. It was released to generally favourable reviews ... solo album in between the touring for Here Come The Tears , and the release of the band s follow ... see light in early 2007, hinting that the second Tears record would most likely come after ... in an interview that The Tears were about to write their second album, however they decided to split ... of there being another Tears record in the future is pretty good actually. ref Natoli, David. http ... Come the Tears 2005 15 UK Albums Chart UK ref name British Hit Singles & Albums cite book first David ... reflist External links Commons The Tears http www.brettanderson.co.uk Brett Anderson Official Site http www.bernardbutler.com Bernard Butler Official Site http personales.ya.com suede tears.html The Tears ... more details
Lacrimal gland Break B Superior lacrimal punctum Break C Superior lacrimal canal lacrimation leads to tears ... Break G Nasolacrimal canal Tears are the liquid product of a process of crying to clean and lubricate ... provides a hydrophobic barrier that evaporates and prevents tears from spilling onto the cheek. These glands ... of tears, as with strong emotion , can, thus, cause the nose to run. http www.academy.org.uk tutorials dilate3.jpg Types There are three very basic types of tears class wikitable border 1 Category Description Basal tears In healthy mammal ian eyes, the cornea is continually kept wet and nourished by basal tears . They lubricate the eye, and help to keep it clear of dust . Tear fluid contains water ... avoirdupois of tears is secreted this rate slows with age. ref name ReferenceA Reflex tears The second type of tears results from irritation of the eye by foreign particles, or from the presence of irritant ... These reflex tears attempt to wash out irritants that may have come into contact with the eye. crying Crying or weeping psychic tears The third category, in general, referred to as crying or weeping ... happy. In humans, emotional tears can be accompanied by reddening of the face and sobbing cough like, convulsive breathing, sometimes involving spasms of the whole upper body. Tears brought about by emotions have a different chemical make up than those for lubrication emotional tears contain more of the protein ... painkiller than basal or reflex tears. The limbic system is involved in production of basic emotional ... tears. ref Skorucak A. http www.scienceiq.com Facts ScienceOfTears.cfm The Science of Tears. ScienceIQ.com. Accessed September 29, 2006. ref Image Crying girl.jpg thumb A toddler producing tears due to emotional ... the sensory pathway of the tear reflexes. When the trigeminal nerve is cut, tears from reflexes will stop, but not emotional tears. Likewise, application of cocaine to the surface of the eye, due to its ... , more tears are produced, and an anticholinergic drug like atropine inhibits tear ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Amor Artificial Type Album Artist Evoluci n Cover Amor Artificial Evoluci n.jpg Background according to table below Released 2007 Recorded 2007 Genre Rock en Espa ol Length Label Producer Reviews Last album Sentimiento Antisocial 1998 Demo Soundalikes br 2005 This album Amor Artificial br 2007 Next album Amor Artificial English language English Artificial Love is the 6th studio album made by Costa Rica Costa Rican Rock music rock band, Evoluci n . Its first single is No Me Diga . Track listing Quevoasaber On porpose misspelled and join for Que voy a saber nowiki nowiki English language English What I m supposed to know? or What I Know? nowiki nowiki Represi n English language English Repretion Bajo el sol English language English Underneath the sun L grimas English language English Tears No Me Diga English language English Don t Tell Me Escondiendo English language English Hiding Amor Artificial English language English Artificial Love Puro Cari o English language English Pure Care Instinto Reproductor English language English Reproductive Instinct Campo Abierto English language English Open Field Conatminador English language English Contaminator Esas Canciones English language English Those Songs 2000s rock album stub Category 2007 albums Category Evoluci n albums ... more details
Artificial chromosome may refer to Yeast artificial chromosome Bacterial artificial chromosome Human artificial chromosome P1 derived artificial chromosome disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Artificial or fake trees could refer to Artificial Christmas tree s Artificial trees used to Carbon dioxide air capture Artificial trees capture carbon dioxide disambig ... more details
The term artificial gills can mean Imitation gills put into stuffed fish for the sake of appearance. See taxidermy . An inaccurate term for liquid breathing breathing sets. Artificial gills extracting oxygen from water to supply a diver. See Artificial gills human . disambig ... more details
One source date October 2009 Inappropriate tone date May 2010 Artificial Architecture is the title of a research area located at the intersection of the fields of Architectural Design and Artificial Intelligence . It can be considered a subfield of the broad area of Design computing , more specifically oriented to Artificial Intelligence , Computational creativity and Knowledge engineering . The main objectives of this research endeavour are Development of algorithms to partially simplify or automate ... features, structures and objects. The term has been popularized by the Department of Artificial Architecture Institute of Artificial Art Amsterdam , where remarkable efforts in this area has been made .... The expression Artificial Architecture was theoretically proposed and thoroughly used in the title ... Artificial o Manierismo por Computadora Artificial Architecture or Computer Aided Mannerism . ref Francisco ... Arquitectura Artificial o Manierismo por Computadora Artificial Architecture or Computer Aided Mannerism ... of Artificial Architecture, such as Algorithmic Architecture , Algorithmic Design , and so on. Notes Reflist See also Algorithmic Architecture Artificial Intelligence Artificial life Building ... F. Javier Fern ndez Herrero 2002 , Arquitectura artificial o manierismo por computadora, ISBN 8460976513, 9788460976516 F. Javier Fern ndez Herrero 2006 , Arquitectura artificial o manierismo por computadora, ISBN 1847282687, 9781847282682 F. Javier Fern ndez Herrero 2006 , Artificial Architecture ..., ISBN 0750667257 External links http iaaa.nl artificial acad.html Department of Artificial Architecture http iaaa.nl home.html Institute of Artificial Art Amsterdam http www.gsd.harvard.edu people ... www.youtube.com profile?user ArtificialArch&view videos Artificial Architecture Video Channel http www.fundacion.telefonica.com at vida vida10 paginas v6 earquitectura.html Arquitectura Artificial 1.0 ... Life International Competition Category Architecture Category Architectural design Category Artificial ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Main Reproductive technology Artificial reproduction is the creation of new life by other than the natural means available to an organism . Examples include artificial insemination , in vitro fertilization , cloning and embryonic splitting, or cleavage embryo cleavage . Cutting plants stems and placing them in compost is also a form of artificial reproduction. DEFAULTSORT Artificial Reproduction Category Reproduction Biology stub ar ... more details
An artificial cell is a minimal Cell biology cell from artificial parts and is an emerging technology . Until recently, most attempts have generally created only a package that can do many things a Cell biology cell can do, such as Transcription genetics transcribe and Translation genetics translate proteins and generate Adenosine Triphosphate ATP but not yet a fully operational Cell biology cell . Some scientists, one of which is Daniel Hammer have found ways to make artificial cells that can go to certain parts of the body and release medical drugs when told to. ref http www.rsc.org Publishing ChemTech Volume 2008 09 artificial cells.asp ref The first artificial cell was created by Thomas Chang ref Chang T M Poznansky M J Journal of biomedical materials research 1968 , 2 2 , 187 99. ref at McGill University . An artificial cell wall cell membrane is made of polymersome s. The hemoglobin is placed in the center. In the late sixties Thomas Chang discovered that artificial cells could carry enzymes which could correct certain metabolic disorders, and he also developed an artificial cell filled with charcoal which could treat drug poisoning. ref http www.mcgill.ca about history pioneers chang ref ref http www.youtube.com watch?v QHIocNOHd7A ref See also Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes, and Biotechnology journal Synthetic biology External links http science.nasa.gov headlines y2003 29may polymersomes.htm Nasa scheme to make artificial blood cells Further reading http publishing.royalsociety.org artificial cell Dedicated issue of Philosophical Transactions B on The Artificial Cell. Some articles are freely available. References references cell biology stub Category Cell biology Category Emerging technology Category Synthetic biology es C lula artificial fr Cellule artificielle hu Mesters ges sejt biol gia it Cellula artificiale ko lv M ksl ga na ta ... more details
Artificial eye may refer to Visual prosthesis , functioning implant designed to restore sight Ocular prosthesis , non functioning cosmetic replacement for a lost eye Artificial Eye distribution , DVD distributor in the USA and UK, specialising in foreign language films disambig ... more details
Expand Spanish topic culture date August 2010 Respiraci n artificial Novela is an Argentina Argentine novel, written by Ricardo Piglia . It was first published in 1980. Category Argentine novels Category Spanish language novels Category 1980 novels 1980s novel stub Argentina stub es Respiraci n artificial Novela ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date February 2009 Artificial digestion is a laboratory technique that reduces digestible material for analytical purposes. Naturally occurring digestive agents such as pepsin and hydrochloric acid are typically used to accomplish artificial digestion. As an example, artificial digestion is used to detect the presence of encysted trichinella larvae in suspected muscle tissue. The meat sample is dissolved by a digestive solution and the remains are examined for the presence of larvae. See also digestion DEFAULTSORT Artificial Digestion Category Parasitology Med stub Parasite stub ar ... more details
orphan date October 2009 The term Artificial atom is commonly used to describe objects that have bound, discrete electronic states, as is the case with naturally occurring atoms. Semiconductor quantum dots are the most common example of artificial atoms, and are square 2D analogies for real atoms. Artificial atoms, or quantum dots, are really made up of more than one atom, but are like single atoms in one important way when you provide the right amount or quanta of energy, they will give off coloured light. External links http web.archive.org web 20071101042418 http qt.tn.tudelft.nl research qdots Periodic Table of 2D artificial atoms See also Programmable matter Category Atoms ... more details
Artificial cream is an imitation of cream made from non dairy fats. Artificial cream is usually made from vegetable oil, not butterfat , and contains no butyric acid. Artificial cream often contains sugar to sweeten it, but intense sweeteners are also used. See also Cool Whip , a brand of imitation whipped cream. External links http www.tradingstandards.gov.uk Kent Analyst 20reports creamcakes.htm Kent County Council on Cream Cakes condiment stub Category Milk substitutes ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2007 Artificial Minds is a book written by Stan Franklin and published in 1995 by MIT Press . The book is a wide ranging tour of the development of artificial intelligence as of the time it was written. As well as discussing the theoretical and philosophical backgrounds of many approaches, it goes into some detail in explaining the workings of many of what the author considers to be the most promising examples of the era. Category Artificial intelligence publications Category 1995 books Category Computer science books Compu book stub ... more details
Artificial Imagination AIm , also called Synthetic Imagination or machine imagination is defined as artificial simulation of human imagination by general or special purpose computers or artificial neural networks . The term artificial imagination is also used to describe a property of machines or Computer program programs Among some of the traits that researchers hope to simulate using machines include creativity , vision, digital art , humor , satire , etc. Artificial Imagination research uses tools and insights from many fields, including computer science , Rhetoric , psychology , creative arts , philosophy , neuroscience , affective computing , Artificial Intelligence , Artificial Intuition , cognitive science , computational linguistics linguistics , operations research , creative writing , probability and logic . The various practitioners in the field are researching various aspects of Artificial Imagination, such as Artificial Visual Imagination, ref Visual Information Retrieval Using Synthesized Imagery http portal.acm.org ft gateway.cfm?id 1282303&type pdf ref Artificial Aural Imagination, ref AUDIO CONTENT TRANSMISSION by Xavier Amatriain & Perfecto Herrera, http www.iua.upf.es mtg publications dafx2001 xamat.pdf ref , modeling filtering content based on human emotions ref ... ref and Interactive Search ref An Artificial Imagination for Interactive Search. ICCV HCI, 4796 19 28 ... iccv iccv hci2007.html ThomeeHBL07 ref . Some articles on the topic speculate on how artificial imagination may evolve to create an artificial world which people may not want to leave at all. ref .... Sci., Wayne State Univ. have focused on using artificial neural networks for simulating artificial ...?arnumber 1007019 ref The topic of artificial imagination has gotten interest from scholars outside ..., who came up with the Symbolic Convergence Theory and has worked on a project to develop artificial ... Category Artificial intelligence Category Artificial intelligence applications ... more details
An artificial chemistry is a computer model used to simulate various types of system s. Artificial chemistry is in some ways similar to a chemical reaction, hence the name. The field of artificial chemistry originated in artificial life but has shown to be a versatile method with applications in many fields such as chemistry , economics , sociology and linguistics . Formal definition An artificial ... math S. I are the interaction rules of the molecules in S. Types of artificial chemistries depending ... sets Hasse diagram of organizations History of artificial chemistries Artificial chemistries emerged as a sub field of artificial life , in particular from strong artificial life . The idea behind this field .... Artificial chemistry enlists, among others, researchers that believe in an extreme bottom up approach to artificial life. Important contributors The first reference about artificial Chemistries come ... of Artificial Life. In his first papers he presented the concept of organization , as a set of molecules that is algebraically closed and self maintaining. Two main schools of artificial chemistries ... Peter Dittrich and Jens Ziegler , developed various artificial chemistry models. Their 2001 paper Artificial Chemistries A Review became a standard in the field. Jens Ziegler , as part of his PhD thesis, proved that an artificial chemistry could be used to control a small Khepera robot. Among other ... through some simple rules. Since then he became a professor in Jena where he investigates artificial ... of artificial chemistries Artificial Chemistries are often used in the study of protobiology, in trying to bridge the gap between chemistry and biology . A further motivation to study artificial ... and references http www.comp.nus.edu.sg cs6211 papers artchemreview.pdf Artificial chemistries a review ... on artificial chemistries for artificial life http www.minet.uni jena.de biosys twiki bin view.pl ACHEM WebHome the ARTIFICIAL CHEMISTRY webpage of Peter Dittrich s workgroup. http protobiology.org ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Unreferenced date July 2008 Artificial Psychology is a theoretical discipline proposed by Dan Curtis b. 1963 . The theory states that when the artificial intelligence approaches the level of complexity where the intelligence meets two conditions Condition I A Makes all of its decisions autonomously B Is capable of making decisions based on information that is New Abstract Incomplete C The artificial intelligence is capable of reprogramming itself based on the new data D And is capable of resolving its own programming conflicts, even in the presence of incomplete data. This means that the intelligence autonomously makes value based decisions, referring to values that the intelligence has created for itself. Condition II All four criteria are met in situations that are not part of the original operating program When both conditions are met, then the possibility exists that the intelligence will reach irrational conclusions based on real or created information. At this point, the criteria is met for intervention which will not necessarily be resolved by simple re coding of processes due to extraordinarily complex nature of the codebase itself but rather a discussion with the intelligence in a format which more closely resembles classical human psychology . If the intelligence cannot be reprogrammed by directly inputting new code, but requires the intelligence ... to function normally, then artificial psychology is by definition, what is required. The level .... The theory of artificial psychology does not address the specifics of what those levels may be, but only ... must go through to address their own dysfunctionalities. Along the same lines, artificial ... or not. The current level of artificial intelligence in 2008 does not approach any threshold where any of the theories or principles of artificial psychology may even be tested, and therefore, for the foreseeable future, artificial psychology will remain a theoretical discipline. Category Artificial ... more details
An artificial lung is a prosthesis prosthetic device that is implanted into the body to replace the biological lung s . It is different from a heart lung machine in that it is internal and designed to take over the functions of the lungs for long periods of time rather than on a temporary basis. Recent developments include a device that uses small hollow fibers and the heart s own pumping power to oxygenate blood. It may be necessary for a person to receive artificial lungs if theirs become diseased. ref http web.archive.org web 20070614112000 http www.med.umich.edu opm newspage 2002 artificiallung.htm UMHS News Release Bot generated title ref References reflist See also Heart lung machine Lung transplantation Medical ventilator medical equipment stub Category Artificial organs ... more details
Refimprove date January 2009 Artificial demand constitutes demand for something that, in the absence of exposure to the vehicle of creating demand, would not exist. It has controversial applications in microeconomics Pump and dump pump and dump strategy and advertising . Synonyms for artificial demand include fake demand and false need . A demand is usually seen as artificial when it Allocative efficiency increases consumer utility very inefficiently for example, a physician proscribing unnecessary surgeries would be creating artificial demand. ref cite journal journal Obesity Surgery title Economic Theory and Physician Behavior in Bariatric Surgery volume 10 publisher Springer doi 10.1381 09608920060674012 page 4 year 2000 month February url http www.springerlink.com content 6245253378812852 fulltext.pdf first1 A. M. C. last1 MacGregor first2 C. C. last2 MacGregor pmid 10715635 ref Fiscal policy Economic effects of fiscal policy Government spending with the primary purpose of providing jobs rather than deliverying any other end product has been labelled artificial demand . ref cite web title Real Demand is Not Artificial year 2008 url http www.american consensus.org resources econ prereq economics.html publisher American Consensus ref Vehicles of creating artificial demand can include mass media advertising, which can create demand for good economics goods , Service economics services , policy political policies or political platform platforms , and other entities. Another example of artificial demand can be seen in penny stock Spam e mail spam . After purchasing a large number of shares of an extremely low value stock, the spammer attempts to create artificial demand by implementing a spam based guerilla marketing strategy. Notes Reflist See also Pump and dump Category Social psychology Category Microeconomics Category Advertising Category Anti corporate activism Category Ethically disputed business practices psych stub microeconomics stub ad stub he ... more details
Artificial sun may refer to Laser M gajoule National Ignition Facility Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak Znamya space mirror , an orbital space mirror Fusion power Tanning booth fusion experiments Disambig ... more details
Artificial duck may refer to Duck decoy model , an object resembling a duck used in hunting to attract real ducks Mock duck , a gluten based vegetarian food intended to appear and taste like duck meat disambig ... more details
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