wiktionary respiration respire Respiration may refer to Biology Respiratory system , process of passing gaseous nutrients to the blood, in humans and animals Cellular respiration , the process in which nutrients are converted into useful energy in a cell Respiration physiology and Breathing, the physiological process that enables animals to exchange carbon dioxide, the primary product of cellular respiration, for fresh air Anaerobic respiration , cellular respiration without oxygen Aquatic respiration , the process of animals extracting oxygen from water Maintenance respiration , the amount of cellular respiration required for an organism to maintain itself in a constant state Artificialrespiration , the act of simulating respiration, which provides for the overall exchange of gases in the body by pulmonary ventilation, external respiration and internal respiration Cheyne Stokes respiration , an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by progressively deeper and sometimes faster breathing, followed by a gradual decrease that results in a temporary stop in breathing called an apnea Internal Respiration , several processes Ecology Carbon respiration , a concept used in calculating carbon as co2 flux occurring in the atmosphere Ecosystem respiration , measure of gross carbon dioxide production by all organisms in an ecosystem Gas diffusion in soil Root respiration , exchange of gases between plant roots and the atmosphere Photorespiration , the process by which RuBP a sugar has oxygen added to it by the main enzyme involved in photosynthesis, rubisco, instead of carbon dioxide as happens during photosynthesis Entertainment Respiration song Respiration song , a 1999 hip hop group single by Black Star Respire Mickey 3D song Respire Mickey 3D song , released in March 2003 disambig es Respiraci n desambiguaci n ms Respirasi nl Ademhaling te zh ... more details
Internal Respiration may refer to Cellular respiration Phil McCrea Inhalation Disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
About the parameter used in ecological and agronomical modeling the measurement of breathing respiratory rate unreferenced date October 2008 The respiration rate is a parameter which is used in ecological and agronomical modeling. In theoretical production ecology and aquaculture , it typically refers to respiration per unit of time usually loss of biomass by respiration per unit of weight , also referred to as relative respiration rate . In theoretical production ecology, biomass is expressed as dry weight, in aquaculture as wet fish weight. The respiration rate is dependent of species, type of tissue or organ studied and temperature. Respiration rate in theoretical production ecology Category Agronomy agri stub ... more details
Ecosystem respiration is the sum of all Carbon respirationrespiration occurring by the living organisms in a specific ecosystem . Ecosystem respiration is typically measured in the natural environment, such as a forest or grassland field, rather than in the laboratory. Ecosystem respiration is the production portion of carbon dioxide in an ecosystem s carbon flux , while photosynthesis typically accounts for the majority of the ecosystem s carbon consumption. References http face.env.duke.edu projpage.cfm?id 38 http eco.confex.com eco 2008 techprogram P10688.HTM Biogeochemistry. Heinrich D. Holland, William H. Schlesinger, Karl K. Turekian. 702 pp. Elsevier, 2005. ISBN 0080446426, 978008044642 See also Carbon dioxide in Earth s atmosphere Ecosystem ecology Eddy covariance flux aka , eddy correlation, eddy flux Flux Biogeochemistry ecology stub Category Respiration ... more details
Maintenance respiration or maintenance energy refers to metabolism occurring in an organism that is needed to maintain that organism in a healthy, living state. It is distinguished from growth respiration . In plants Maintenance respiration in plant s refers to the carbon dioxide CO sub 2 sub released, or oxygen O sub 2 sub consumed, during the generation of usable energy mainly Adenosine triphosphate ATP , NADPH , and NADH and metabolic intermediates used for i resynthesis of compounds that undergo renewal turnover in the normal process of metabolism examples are enzymatic protein s, ribonucleic acids, and membrane lipids ii maintenance of chemical gradients of ions and metabolites across cellular Cell membrane membrane s that are necessary for cellular integrity and plant health and iii operation of metabolic processes involved in physiological adjustment i.e., acclimation to a change in the plant s environment. ref name Penning Penning de Vries FWT 1975 . The cost of maintenance processes ... Visser R 1983 . Respiration for growth, maintenance and ion uptake. An evaluation of concepts, methods ... JS 2000 . The McCree de Wit Penning de Vries Thornley Respiration Paradigms 30 Years Later , Annals ... may also be considered a part of maintenance respiration. ref name Penning Maintenance respiration is essential for biological health and growth of plants. It is estimated that about half of the respiration ... processes. ref name Amthor1989 Amthor JS 1989 . Respiration and Crop Productivity , Springer Verlag ... is used for plant respiration, ref name Amthor2000 more than one quarter of global terrestrial plant photosynthesis is presumably consumed in maintenance respiration. Maintenance respiration ... Cannell Canell MGR, Thornley JHM 2000 Modelling the components of plant respiration some guiding principles ... , CABI, Wallingford, UK. ref References references Thornley JHM 1970 . Respiration, growth and maintenance ... cultures . Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B 163 224 231. Category Cellular respiration ... more details
Carbon respiration is a phrase used in combination with Carbon capture and storage carbon storage to calculate the amount of carbon as carbon dioxide CO sub 2 sub flux occurring in the atmosphere through the various processes that add and subtract Carbon dioxide in the Earth s atmosphere atmospheric carbon . The result of this calculation is known as the carbon flux ratio. Carbon is added to the atmosphere through the burning of fossil fuels, organic respiration, wood burning, and volcanic eruptions. The uptake of carbon from the atmosphere occurs through carbon dissolution into the oceans, plant respiration , and the storing of carbon in various forms such as peat bog s, Petroleum oil accumulation, and formation of mineral s such as coal . The calculation of the annual net difference between carbon respiration and carbon storage constitutes the annual global atmospheric carbon accumulation rate. Using this method, the annual carbon flux ratio has been calculated to be approaching zero. This means that the carbon respiration rate and carbon storage rate are in balance when generating a global estimate of this figure. ref cite web url http www.eia.doe.gov oiaf 1605 gg97rpt chap7.html title Land Use Issues publisher accessdate 2006 09 09 ref Annual net carbon flux has been grossly calculated to be close to zero, implying the respiration rate respiration and Carbon capture and storage storage rates are roughly in balance worldwide. This finding is contradicted by measuring the concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, an important indication that the balance is tipped toward emission. ref cite web url http en.wikipedia.org wiki Image Vostok ice core petit.png title Graph of CO2, temperature, and dust concentration measured from the Vostok, Antarctica ice core as reported by Petit et al., 1999. publisher accessdate 2006 09 09 ref Using this data atmospheric concentrations appear to have increased rapidly over the past 100 years and are currently higher than ever ... more details
wikify date January 2010 Soil respiration refers to the production of carbon dioxide when soil organisms respire. This includes respiration of plant roots, the rhizosphere , microbe s and fauna . Soil respiration is a key ecosystem process that releases carbon from the soil in the form of CO sub 2 sub ... to release energy. When plant respiration occurs below ground in the roots, it adds to soil respiration ... soil respiration. The amount of soil respiration that occurs in an ecosystem is controlled ... can produce extremely disparate rates of respiration. These rates of respiration can be measured in a variety ... of photosynthetic pathway C3 C4 , of the respired plant structures. Soil respiration rates can ... the various controlling factors of soil respiration for numerous years. Global climate change ... respiration. Increased nitrogen fertilization by humans also has the potential to effect rates over the entire Earth. Soil respiration and its rate across ecosystems is extremely important to understand. This is because soil respiration plays a large role in global carbon cycling as well as other nutrient cycles. The respiration of plant structures releases not only CO sub 2 sub but also other nutrients in those structures, such as nitrogen. Soil respiration is also associated with positive feedbacks ... in the same direction of the change. Therefore, soil respiration rates can be effected by climate ... respiration releases releases energy, water and CO sub 2 sub from organic carbon compounds. Any respiration that occurs below ground is considered soil respiration. Respiration by plant roots, bacteria ... respiration. In the TCA cycle, a six carbon sugar will be oxidized . ref name berg2002 Berg J ... to convert organic compounds to energy. This is how the majority of soil respiration occurs at its most basic level. Since the process relies on oxygen to occur, this is referred to as aerobic respiration ... of oxygen, this pathway is described as anaerobic respiration. This is an important source of CO ... more details
Cleanup date August 2010 Anaerobic respiration is a form of Cellular respirationrespiration using electron acceptors other than oxygen. Although oxygen is not used as the final electron acceptor, the process still uses a respiratory electron transport chain it is Cellular respirationrespiration without ... respiration is therefore generally energetically less efficient than aerobic respiration. Anaerobic respiration is mainly used by prokaryotes that live in environments devoid of oxygen. Many anaerobic ... in the presence of oxygen. Comparison to fermentation Anaerobic respiration and fermentation ... and also aerobic respiration, organisms channel electrons from an electron donor to a final electron ... balance. Ecological importance Anaerobic respiration plays a major role in the global nitrogen cycle ... nitrogen gas. Hydrogen sulfide , a product of sulfate respiration, is a potent neurotoxin and responsible ... compounds into harmless nitrogen gas. Methanogenesis is a form of carbonate respiration which is exploited ... types of anaerobic respiration are also used to bioremediation convert toxic chemicals into less ... bacteria. Examples of anaerobic respiration class wikitable examples of respiration types ... example organisms style background EEEEEE aerobic respiration obligate and facultative aerobes oxygen ... respiration facultative aerobes fumarate succinate 0.03 Escherichia coli sulfate reducing bacteria sulfate respiration obligate anaerobes sulfate SO sub 4 sub sup 2 sup sulfide HS sup sup ... sulfur respiration sulfur reduction facultative aerobes and obligate anaerobes sulfur S sup 0 sup ... Study Guide Anaerobic Respiration url http www.sparknotes.com biology cellrespiration glycolysis section3.rhtml refend metabolism MetabolismMap DEFAULTSORT Anaerobic Respiration Category Anaerobic digestion Category Biodegradation Category Cellular respiration ca Respiraci anaer bica da Anaerob respiration et Anaeroobne hingamine el es Respiraci n anaer bica fr Respiration ana robie ... more details
Onesource date May 2009 In physiology , respiration often mistaken with breathing is defined as the transport of oxygen from the outside air to the cells within Tissue biology tissue s, and the transport ... definition of respiration, which refers to cellular respiration the metabolism metabolic process by which ... triphosphate ATP energy . Although physiologic respiration is necessary to sustain cellular respiration and thus life in animals, the processes are distinct cellular respiration takes place in individual cells of the animal, while physiologic respiration concerns the bulk flow and transport ..., respiration of oxygen includes four stages Ventilation , moving of the ambient air into and out ... of respiration, mainly the Thoracic diaphragm diaphragm . In heavy breathing, energy is also required .... Respiratory physiology is the branch of human physiology concerned with respiration. Classifications of respiration There are several ways to classify the physiology of respiration By species Aquatic respiration Buccal pumping By mechanism Respiration organ Gas exchange Arterial blood gas Control of respiration Apnea By experiments Huff and puff apparatus Spirometry Selected ion flow tube mass ... Respiration is the process by which oxygen is delivered from the external environment to the cells for cellular ..., respiration is simply another term for breathing. Respiration includes the inhalation exhalation ... diffuses into the cells for use by the cells Therefore, Respiration refers to gas exchanged throughout the body with the point of transport of oxygen to the cells for use. Cellular Respiration refers ..., human biology 146149 Category Excretion Category Respiration af Asemhalingstelsel ar bs Disanje ca Respiraci cy Resbiradaeth ffisioleg da Respiration de Atmung el fr Respiration humaine ... fisiologia pt Respira o fisiologia simple Respiration sk Respir cia sl Dihanje sr sh Disanje sv Respiration ta uk ur vi H h p sinh l h c war ... more details
unreferenced date May 2009 Infobox Single See Wikipedia WikiProject Songs Name Respiration Cover Respiration.jpg Artist Black Star hip hop group Black Star featuring Common musician Common from Album Mos Def & Talib Kweli Are Black Star B side Released February 23, 1999 Format 12 inch single , Compact disc CD , Vinyl record Vinyl Recorded Genre Conscious hip hop Conscious hip hop music hip hop Length 6 05 Label Rawkus Records Writer Producer Hi Tek br Pete Rock Certification Misc Extra chronology Artist Black Star hip hop group Black Star Type singles Last single Definition song Definition br 1998 This single Respiration br 1999 Next single Extra chronology Artist Common musician Common Type singles Last single One Nine Nine Nine br 1999 This single Respiration br 1999 Next single Car Horn song Car Horn br 1999 Respiration is the second single from Black Star hip hop group Black Star s Black Star album eponymously titled 1998 album see 1998 in music . It features guest rapping from Common rapper Common and guitar playing by DeChown Jenkins. It also features a Hi Tek produced beat that sampling music samples The Fox by Don Randi. In addition, the song s introduction samples a monologue from the hip hop documentary Style Wars . It is found on Best of Decade I 1995 2005 , a compilation of Rawkus Records best songs. It can also be found on Howie B s compilation album Another Late Night Howie B . The lyrics of the album version of Respiration are a melancholy ode to city life. Whereas cities are often derided as inorganic, the song makes many references to features of organic life ..., he hadn t ever been past downtown. Two remix es were made for Respiration Flying High Mix ... by Common instead of Black Thought. Single track list A Side Respiration Album Version Radio Edit Respiration Album Version Instrumental B Side Respiration Flying High Radio Mix Respiration Flying High Main Mix Respiration Flying High Instrumental See also List of Talib Kweli songs List of Mos ... more details
Biot s respiration , sometimes also called cluster respiration , Fact date December 2008 is an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by groups of quick, shallow inspirations followed by regular or irregular periods of apnea. ref DorlandsDict seven 000092260 Biot respiration ref It generally indicates a poor prognosis. It is named for Camille Biot , who characterized it in 1876. ref Biot MC. Contribution a l etude du phenomene respiratoire de Cheyne Stokes. Lyon Med. 1876 23 517 528, 561 567. ref ref cite journal author Wijdicks EF title Biot s breathing journal J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. volume 78 issue 5 pages 512 3 year 2007 month May pmid 17435185 doi 10.1136 jnnp.2006.104919 url http jnnp.bmj.com cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 17435185 pmc 2117832 ref Causes Biot s respiration is caused by damage to the medulla oblongata due to strokes or trauma or by pressure on the medulla due to uncal herniation uncal or tentorium cerebelli tentorial herniation. It can be caused by opioid use. ref name pmid18763421 cite journal author Farney RJ, Walker JM, Boyle KM, Cloward TV, Shilling KC title Adaptive servoventilation ASV in patients with sleep disordered breathing associated with chronic opioid medications for non malignant pain journal J Clin Sleep Med volume 4 issue 4 pages 311 9 year 2008 month August pmid 18763421 doi url pmc 2542501 ref Related patterns It is distinguished from Ataxic respirations ataxic respiration by having more regularity and similar sized inspirations, whereas ataxic respirations are characterized by completely irregular breaths and pauses. As the breathing pattern deteriorates, it merges with ataxic respirations . In common medical practice, Biot s respiration is often clinically equivalent to Cheyne Stokes respiration , although the two definitions are separated in some academic settings. References reflist External links http www.waiting.com ... system Category Abnormal respiration cs Biotovo d ch n de Biot Atmung it Respiro di Biot ja pl ... more details
cavity which in responsible in adjusting the volume of the thoracic cavity. Category Respiration DEFAULTSORT Respiration Organ Respiratory stub hi no Pusteorgan nn Respirasjonsorgan pl Narz d ... more details
Image CellRespiration.svg thumb right 300px Cellular respiration in a typical eukaryote eukaryotic cell . Cellular respiration is the set of the metabolism metabolic reactions and processes that take place ... in respiration are catabolism catabolic reactions that involve the redox reaction redox oxidation of one molecule and the redox reduction of another . Respiration is one of the key ways a cell gains useful energy to fuel cellular reformations. Nutrients commonly used by animal and plant cells in respiration ... in respiration are described as Aerobic organism aerobic , while those that do not are referred ... 0 13 250882 6 ref The energy released in respiration is used to synthesize ATP to store this energy ... respiration File Auto and heterotrophs.png thumb 220px Aerobic respiration font color red red arrows ... respiration requires oxygen in order to generate energies Adenosine triphosphate ATP . Although carbohydrates ... electron acceptor . Most of the ATP produced by aerobic cellular respiration is made by oxidative ... respiration 2 from glycolysis, 2 from the Krebs cycle, and about 34 from the electron transport ... respiration. When oxygen is present, the mitochondria will undergo aerobic respiration which ... per glucose during cellular respiration, such conditions are generally not realized due to losses such as the cost ... by cellular respiration but undergoes a process of fermentation. The pyruvate is not transported ... per glucose, compared to the 38 ATP per glucose produced by aerobic respiration. This is because ... the ATP production from the slower aerobic respiration, so fermentation may be used by a cell ... themselves, such as Sprint running sprint ing. Anaerobic Respiration main Anaerobic Respiration Anaerobic respiration is used by some microorganisms in which neither oxygen aerobic respiration nor ... acceptor for example, Sulfur is used. See also Tetrazolium chloride cellular respiration indicator Maintenance respiration maintenance as a functional component of cellular respiration Pasteur point ... more details
refimprove date May 2010 Ataxic respiration is an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by complete irregularity of breathing, with irregular pauses and increasing periods of apnea . As the breathing pattern deteriorates, it merges with agonal respirations . It is caused by damage to the medulla oblongata due to strokes or trauma. It generally indicates a poor prognosis, and usually progresses to complete apnea . The term is sometimes used interchangeably with Biot s Respirations , but technically, Biot s respirations refers to groups of similar sized breaths alternating with regular periods of apnea. References citation title Introduction to respiratory care author Michael G. Levitzky, Jimmy M. Cairo, Stanley M. Hall publisher Saunders year 1990 isbn 9780721610900 External links http www.waiting.com brainfuncthree.html About brain injury and functions Category Abnormal respiration Category Death ... more details
Cleanup rewrite date May 2009 Aquatic respiration is the Biological process process whereby an aquatic animal obtains oxygen from water . Earth s natural bodies of water have a low oxygen concentration much lower than the level of oxygen in air at the Earth s surface. Smaller organisms can obtain sufficient oxygen through the skin e.g. flatworm s , but larger organisms require special structures to collect enough oxygen to sustain life. This oxygen comes from molecules of oxygen gas O sub 2 sub dissolved in the water. The oxygen atom present in the water molecule H sub 2 sub O is not suitable for respiration. Fish have developed gill s for Respiration physiology respiration which have large surface area which is needed for more oxygen to get in. high Blood circulation blood flow short diffusion distances contain 4 gill arch es Osteichthyes Bony fish es , two gill arch es Chondrichthyes Cartilaginous fish or 7 gill baskets Lampreys on each side of the fish s head each gill arch has 2 rows hemibranchs of gill filament s each gill filament has many lamella zoology lamella e In fish, the long bony cover for the gill the operculum fish operculum can be used for pushing water. Some fish pump water using the operculum. Without an operculum, other methods, such as Ventilation physiology ventilation , are required. Some species of shark s use this system. When they swim, water flows into the mouth and across the gills. Because these sharks rely on this technique, they must keep swimming ... of the respiration process as well. Cartilaginous fish do not have a countercurrent flow ... centers between aquatic and terrestrial species. In both aquatic and terrestrial respiration ... understood see Involuntary control of respiration . Another important feature of the respiratory ... of the respiratory changes result from the detection of muscle contraction, and that respiration is adapted .... aquatic ecosystem topics Category Respiration ... more details
Nofootnotes article date January 2011 Agonal respiration is an abnormal pattern of breath ing characterized by shallow, slow 3 4 per minute , irregular inspirations followed by irregular pauses. It may also be characterized by gasping, labored breathing, accompanied by strange vocalizations and myoclonus . Possible causes include cerebral ischemia , extreme hypoxia medical hypoxia or even anoxia. Agonal breathing is an extremely serious medical sign requiring immediate medical attention, as the condition generally progresses to complete apnea and heralds death . The term is sometimes inaccurately used to refer to labored, gasping breathing patterns accompanying organ failure e.g. liver failure and renal failure , Systemic inflammatory response syndrome SIRS , septic shock , and metabolic acidosis , or in general any labored breathing, including Biot s respirations and ataxic respirations . Correct usage would restrict the term to the last breaths before death. Agonal respirations are also commonly seen in cases of cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest where agonal respirations may persist for several minutes after cessation of heartbeat. The presence of agonal respirations in these cases indicates a more favorable prognosis than in cases of cardiac arrest without agonal respirations. Agonal respiration is not the same as, and is unrelated to, the phenomenon of death rattle . External links nowiki http www.metrokc.gov health ems abstract agonal.htm nowiki Dead link date July 2010 About agonal respirations in cardiac arrest cite journal first1 Angela last1 B ngemail first2 Johan last2 Herlitz first3 Sven last3 Martinell title Interaction between emergency medical dispatcher and caller in suspected out of hospital cardiac arrest calls with focus on agonal breathing. A review of 100 tape recordings of true cardiac arrest cases pmid 12505735 year 2003 pages 25 34 issue 1 volume ... Abnormal respiration Category Medical emergencies Category Death med sign stub de Schnappatmung it Gasping ... more details
Control of ventilation control of respiration refers to the physiology physiological mechanisms involved in the control of ventilation physiology physiologic ventilation . Gas exchange primarily controls the rate of respiration. The most important function of breath ing is gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide . Thus the control of respiration is centered primarily on how well this is achieved by the lungs . Ventilatory Pattern The pattern of motor stimuli during breathing can be divided into inspiratory and expiratory phases. Inspiration shows a sudden, ramped increase in motor discharge to the inspiratory muscles including pharyngeal dilator muscles . Before the end of inspiration, there is a decline in motor discharge. Exhalation is usually silent, except at high minute ventilation rates. The mechanism of generation of the ventilatory pattern is not completely understood, but involves the integration of neural signals by respiratory control centers in the medulla oblongata medulla and pons . The nuclei known to be involved are divided into regions known as the following medulla reticular formation ventral respiratory group nucleus retroambigualis, nucleus ambigus , nucleus parambigualis and the pre Botzinger complex . The ventral respiratory group controls voluntary forced ... to the inspiratory area The pneumotaxic center is involved in fine tuning of respiration rate ... the control of respiration. Opioids and anaesthetic drugs tend to depress ventilation, especially ... of respiration central and peripheral chemoreceptor s, and mechanoreceptor s. Central chemoreceptors ... to involuntary control of respiration by the respiratory center, respiration can be affected by conditions ... . Voluntary control of respiration is provided via the cerebral cortex , although chemoreceptor ... editor C. Ovid Trouth title Ventral brainstem mechanisms and control of respiration and blood pressure ... pulmonar physio pf11.htm Respiratory physiology DEFAULTSORT Control Of Respiration Category Respiratory ... more details
The various muscles of respiration aid in both inhalation inspiration and exhalation expiration , which require changes in the pressure within the thoracic cavity . The respiratory muscles work to achieve this by changing the dimensions of the thoracic cavity. The principal muscles are the Thoracic diaphragm diaphragm , the External intercostal muscles external intercostal and the intercondral part of the internal intercostal muscles . Both the external intercostal muscles and the intercondral elevate the ribs, thus increasing the width of the thoracic cavity, while the diaphragm contracts to increase the vertical dimensions of the thoracic cavity, and also aids in the elevation of the lower ribs. Accessory muscles are typically only used when the body needs to process energy quickly e.g. during heavy exercise, during the stress response, or during an asthma attack . The accessory muscles of inspiration can also become engaged in everyday breathing when a breathing pattern disorder exists. The diaphragm Infobox Anatomy Name Diaphragm Latin diaphragma GraySubject 117 GrayPage 404 Image Respiratory system.svg Caption Respiratory system Image2 Caption2 batty The diaphragm is crucial for breath ing and Respiration physiology respiration . During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts, thus enlarging the thoracic cavity the intercostal muscle external intercostal muscles also participate in this enlargement . This reduces intra thoracic pressure in other words, enlarging the cavity creates suction that draws air into the lung s. When the diaphragm relaxes, air is exhaled by elastic recoil of the lung and the tissues lining the thoracic cavity in conjunction with the abdominal muscle s which act as an Antagonist muscle antagonist paired with the diaphragm s contraction. It is not responsible ... even at rest in most humans, suggesting it could be considered a primary muscle of respiration ... Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Category Respiration ar cs D chac svaly de Atemmuskulatur ... more details
Summary Glacial Respiration, Conceptual Ring of Ice, The End of Linear Western Religion A Geological Exploration of an E2 Earthen Planet And the H2 Human Species Author B Billy Marse, Professional Geologist Licensing self cc by sa 3.0 GFDL ... more details
SignSymptom infobox Name Cheyne Stokes respiration ICD10 ICD10 R 06 3 r 00 ICD9 ICD9 786.04 MeshID D002639 File Cheyne Stokes fr.jpg thumb Graph showing the Cheyne Stokes breathing pattern. Cheyne Stokes respiration pron en t e n sto ks is an abnormal pattern of breath ing characterized by progressively deeper and sometimes faster breathing, followed by a gradual decrease that results in a temporary ... to 2 minutes. ref name WebMDdef cite web url http dictionary.webmd.com terms cheyne stokes respiration title Cheynes Stokes Respiration accessdate 2010 10 05 publisher WebMD LLC ref It is an oscillation ... web url http www.wrongdiagnosis.com sym cheyne stokes respiration.htm title Cheyne Stokes respiration accessdate 2010 09 03 work WrongDiagnosis.com publisher Health Grades Inc ref Cheyne Stokes respiration ..., we describe it as Cheyne Stokes respiration since apnea is a prominent feature in their original ... respiration ref or by physiological abnormalities in chronic heart failure, ref name Francis2000 ... be any lower. Thus Cheyne Stokes respiration can be maintained over periods of many minutes or hours ... 1804209 ref When measured in patients with Cheyne Stokes respiration, hypercapnic ventilatory responsiveness ... Lanfranchi PA, Braghiroli A, Bosimini E, et al. title Prognostic value of nocturnal Cheyne Stokes respiration ... Stokes respiration in ambulatory patients with severe congestive heart failure is associated with increased ... or coma . This type of respiration is also often seen after morphine administration. Hospice care ... respirations are not the same as Biot s respiration s cluster breathing , in which groups of breaths ... reflist 2 Respiratory system symptoms and signs DEFAULTSORT Cheyne Stokes Respiration Category Abnormal respiration Category Symptoms and signs Circulatory and respiratory systems bg cs Cheyneovo Stokesovo d ch n da Cheyne Stokes respiration de Cheyne Stokes Atmung fa fr Respiration de Cheyne Stokes id Pernapasan Cheyne Stokes it Respiro di Cheyne Stokes nl ... more details
Artificial chromosome may refer to Yeast artificial chromosome Bacterial artificial chromosome Human artificial chromosome P1 derived artificial chromosome disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Artificial or fake trees could refer to Artificial Christmas tree s Artificial trees used to Carbon dioxide air capture Artificial trees capture carbon dioxide disambig ... more details
The term artificial gills can mean Imitation gills put into stuffed fish for the sake of appearance. See taxidermy . An inaccurate term for liquid breathing breathing sets. Artificial gills extracting oxygen from water to supply a diver. See Artificial gills human . disambig ... more details
One source date October 2009 Inappropriate tone date May 2010 Artificial Architecture is the title of a research area located at the intersection of the fields of Architectural Design and Artificial Intelligence . It can be considered a subfield of the broad area of Design computing , more specifically oriented to Artificial Intelligence , Computational creativity and Knowledge engineering . The main objectives of this research endeavour are Development of algorithms to partially simplify or automate ... features, structures and objects. The term has been popularized by the Department of Artificial Architecture Institute of Artificial Art Amsterdam , where remarkable efforts in this area has been made .... The expression Artificial Architecture was theoretically proposed and thoroughly used in the title ... Artificial o Manierismo por Computadora Artificial Architecture or Computer Aided Mannerism . ref Francisco ... Arquitectura Artificial o Manierismo por Computadora Artificial Architecture or Computer Aided Mannerism ... of Artificial Architecture, such as Algorithmic Architecture , Algorithmic Design , and so on. Notes Reflist See also Algorithmic Architecture Artificial Intelligence Artificial life Building ... F. Javier Fern ndez Herrero 2002 , Arquitectura artificial o manierismo por computadora, ISBN 8460976513, 9788460976516 F. Javier Fern ndez Herrero 2006 , Arquitectura artificial o manierismo por computadora, ISBN 1847282687, 9781847282682 F. Javier Fern ndez Herrero 2006 , Artificial Architecture ..., ISBN 0750667257 External links http iaaa.nl artificial acad.html Department of Artificial Architecture http iaaa.nl home.html Institute of Artificial Art Amsterdam http www.gsd.harvard.edu people ... www.youtube.com profile?user ArtificialArch&view videos Artificial Architecture Video Channel http www.fundacion.telefonica.com at vida vida10 paginas v6 earquitectura.html Arquitectura Artificial 1.0 ... Life International Competition Category Architecture Category Architectural design Category Artificial ... more details
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