wiktionary Articulation may refer to In linguistics Topic focus articulation , a field of study concerned with marking old and new information in a clause Manner of articulation , how speech organs involved in making a sound make contact Place of articulation The elaboration of wikt articulate articulate , sharp, clear speech or literary composition In engineering Articulated vehicles , which have a pivoted joint allowing them to turn more sharply Articulation score , in telecommunications, a subjective measure of the intelligibility of a voice system Axle articulation, a vehicle s ability to flex its suspension, measured by ramp travel index Other uses Articulationmusic , the transition or continuity between multiple notes or sounds Articulation education , the process of comparing the content of courses that are transferred between postsecondary institutions Articulation sociology , the process by which particular classes appropriate cultural forms and practices for their own use Articulation anatomy , the location at which two or more bones make contact Articulation architecture Articulation botany , a joint between two separable parts, as a leaf and a stem. Articulation point , in graph theory disambig ca Articulaci cs Artikulace de Artikulation es Articulaci n fr Articulation gl Articulaci n io Artiko ja pl Artykulacja ru sk Artikul cia tl Artikulasyon uk ... more details
Tibiofibular articulation can refer to Superior tibiofibular articulation Inferior tibiofibular articulation disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
citations missing date December 2007 In sociology , articulation labels the process by which particular social class class es appropriation sociology appropriate cultural forms and practices for their own use. The term appears to have originated from the work of Antonio Gramsci , specifically from his conception of base and superstructure superstructure . Chantal Mouffe , Stuart Hall cultural theorist Stuart Hall , and others have adopted or used it ref Middleton, Richard 1990 2002 . Studying Popular Music . Philadelphia Open University Press. ISBN 0 335 15275 9. p.8 ref . In this theory, cultural forms and practices Antonio Gramsci s superstructure and Richard Middleton musicologist Richard Middleton s instance or level of practice have relative autonomy socio economic structures of power do not determine them, but rather they relate to them. The theory of articulation recognizes the complexity of cultural fields. It preserves a relative autonomy for cultural and ideological elements ... but also insists that those combinatory patterns that are actually constructed do mediate deep, objective patterns in the socio economic formation, and that the mediation takes place in struggle the classes fight to articulate together constituents of the cultural repe r toire in particular ways so that they are organized in terms of principles or sets of values determined by the position and interests of the class in the prevailing mode of production. ref ibid. p.9 ref This is because the relationship between actual culture...on the one hand, and economically determined factors such as class ... countercultural 1960s rock music rock into a tradition of bourgeois bohemianism and the combination of elements of black and white working class music with elements of art music that created countercultural 1960s rock. ibid, p. 8 9 Some scholars may prefer the theory of articulation, where class ... Articulation Sociology Category Sociological terms ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 In telecommunication , an articulation score AS is a subjective measure of the Intelligibility communication intelligibility of a voice system in terms of the percentage of words correctly understood over a channel communications channel perturbed by Interference communication interference . Articulation scores have been experimentally obtained as functions of varying word content, Bandwidth signal processing bandwidth , audio signal to noise ratio and the experience of the talkers and listeners involved. DEFAULTSORT Articulation Score Category Telecommunications terms Telecomm term stub ja ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2008 In Australia and the United States education , articulation or more specifically course articulation , refers to the process of comparing the content of courses that are transferred between postsecondary institutions such as TAFE institutes, college s or university universities . In other words, course articulation is the process by which one institution matches its courses or requirements to course work completed at another institution. Students use course articulation to assure that the courses they complete will not have to be repeated at the institution to which they are transferring. Course articulation is distinct from the process of acceptance by one institution of earned academic credit credit , from another institution, as applicable towards its degree requirements, i.e. transferring credit . Course articulation may be done on an ad hoc basis when a student actually wishes to transfer. It may also be done pursuant to existing course to course comparison data, or based on formal articulation agreements . In the last case, representatives of each institution compare their respective course curricula, to determine which courses are comparable and which are not. Their consensus is then formalized in a written agreement which is used by students and advisors and is regularly updated according to a mutual schedule. Although Credit Transfer can be conducted between education bodies in separate countries, the process of articulation can become very complicated when students transfer courses earned at multiple and international campuses, more than 5 10 years ago, or have alternative credit experiences such as exam or military credit. See also College transfer http www.usq.edu.au iactproject www.usq.edu.au iactproject Category Academic transfer Category Curricula Edu stub ... more details
, Japan Articulation , in art and architecture, is a method of styling the joints in the formal Category Architectural elements elements of architectural design. Through degrees of articulation ... is defined precisely and stands out clearly. The articulation of a building reveals how the parts ... The opposite of distinct articulation is continuity and fusion which reduces the separateness of the parts. Distinct articulation emphasizes the strategic break while the articulation of continuity ... url http books.google.com ?id el6uoMdMiIIC&printsec titlepage&dq articulation architecture PPA78 ... independent elements. ref name elements Articulation and space Architecture is said to be the art of the articulation of spaces. And geometry is the architect s basic tool, but it is not the architect s system of communication. That system is the defining of object in the surrounding space. Articulation ... url http books.google.com ?id o5Q56G7opmcC&pg PA192&lpg PA192&dq articulation architecture title ... wall articulation set Romanesque architecture Romanesque churches apart from their predecessors. Dividing ... Articulation in English Romanesque Architecture journal The Journal of the Society of Architectural ... is a combination of both articulation and fusion styles. Although the wings of the opera house stand ... its sensual beauty. Its emotionality comes through in its exuberant external design where articulation ... Guggenheim Museum Bilbao In this structure, fusion and continuity dominate over articulation. The organically ... 5087 0A postscript None ref Thus there is an interaction between space environment and form. Articulation vs. continuity The articulated form emphasizes the building s distinct parts. Articulation accentuates ... the sense of the whole, breaking it down into too many pieces, but in most cases the articulation ... spacial organization or articulation shows the following uses ref name aesthetics cite book ...&dq articulation architecture title Understanding Islamic Architecture The Aesthetics of Space in Ottoman ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 distinguish Coarticulation In linguistics, the term double articulation or duality of patterning refers to the way in which the stream of speech can be divided into meaningful signs, which can be further subdivided into meaningless elements. So for example, the meaningful English word cat is composed of the sounds k , , and t , which are meaningless as separate individual sounds and which can also be combined to form the separate words tack and act , with distinct meanings . As explained by Charles F. Hockett and other linguists, this is an important property of human languages, since it allows for the expression of a large number of concepts using combinations of a small number of discrete sound elements or phonemes . For further discussion, see figurae . For consonants with two simultaneous primary places of articulation, see doubly articulated consonant . DEFAULTSORT Double Articulation Category Philosophy of language Ling stub de Zweifache Gliederung fr Double articulation gl Dupla articulaci n da linguaxe ru ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Cuneonavicular articulation Latin articulatio cuneonavicularis GraySubject 96 GrayPage 356 Image Gray354.png Caption Ligaments of the medial aspect of the foot. Cuneonavicular articulations labeled at upper left. Image2 Gray358.png Caption2 Ligaments of the sole of the foot, with the tendons of the Peron us longus, Tibialis posterior and Tibialis anterior muscles. Cuneonavicular articulations labeled at center right. System Precursor MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre a 64 DorlandsSuf 12161201 Cuneonavicular Articulationarticulation of the navicular with the cuneiform bones . The navicular is connected to the three cuneiform bones by dorsal and plantar ligaments. The Dorsal Ligaments The dorsal ligaments are three small bundles, one attached to each of the cuneiform bones. The bundle connecting the navicular with the first cuneiform is continuous around the medial side of the articulation with the plantar ligament which unites these two bones. The Plantar Ligaments The plantar ligaments have a similar arrangement to the dorsal, and are strengthened by slips from the tendon of the Tibialis posterior . Synovial Membrane The synovial membrane of these joints is part of the great tarsal synovial membrane . Movements Mere gliding movements are permitted between the navicular and cuneiform bones. Gray s Joints of lower limbs Category Lower limb anatomy Category Joints musculoskeletal stub ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Talocalcaneonavicular articulation Latin articulatio talocalcaneonavicularis GraySubject 96 GrayPage 353 Image Gray359.png Caption Talocalcaneal and talocalcaneonavicular articulations exposed from above by removing the talus. Image2 Caption2 System Precursor MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre a 64 DorlandsSuf 12161600 The talocalcaneonavicular articulation is a ball and socket joint the rounded head of the talus bone talus being received into the concavity formed by the posterior surface of the navicular , the anterior articular surface of the calcaneus , and the upper surface of the plantar calcaneonavicular ligament . There are two ligaments in this joint the articular capsule and the dorsal talonavicular . Gray s Joints of lower limbs Category Bones of the lower limb Musculoskeletal stub ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Cricoarytenoid articulation Latin articulatio cricoarytenoidea GraySubject GrayPage Image Gray960.png Caption Muscles of the larynx, seen from above. Image2 Gray959.png Caption2 Muscles of larynx. Side view. Right lamina of thyroid cartilage removed. Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre a 64 DorlandsSuf 12161162 The cricoarytenoid articulation or joint is a joint connecting the cricoid cartilage and the arytenoid cartilage . See also Cricoarytenoid muscle External links NormanAnatomy lesson11 NormanAnatomyFig larynxskel2 Joints of head and neck Larynx anatomy Category Head and neck Category Joints musculoskeletal stub ... more details
unreferenced date April 2008 Secondary articulation refers to co articulated consonant s where the two articulations are not of the same manner of articulation manner . The approximant consonant approximant like secondary articulation is weaker than the primary, and colors it rather than obscuring it. For example, the voiceless labialization labialized velar plosive IPA k has only a single stop consonant stop articulation, velar consonant velar k , with a simultaneous w like rounding of the lips, and is usually heard as a kind of k . This is in contrast to the doubly articulated consonant doubly articulated labial velar consonant IPA k p , which has two equal stop articulations at the velum and lips. There are a number of secondary articulations. The most frequently encountered are labialization such as IPA k , palatalization such as the Russian language Russian Russian phonology Palatalization soft consonant IPA p , velarization such as the English language English Velarized alveolar lateral approximant dark L IPA l , and pharyngealization such as the Arabic language Arabic emphatic consonant emphatic consonant IPA t . Although the symbol for secondary articulation is a superscript written after the primary consonant, this is misleading, as they are pronounced simultaneously. Since secondary articulation has a strong effect on surrounding vowel s, it will often seem that it precedes the consonant, or both precedes and follows it. For this reason, the International Phonetic Alphabet IPA symbols for labialization and palatalization were for a time placed directly under the consonant as IPA k and IPA , and there is still an alternate symbol for velarization or pharyngealizaton that is superposed across the consonant as in IPA for dark L . See also Labio palatalization Category Phonetics br Doare distaga a eil renk ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Sternoclavicular articulation Latin articulatio sternoclavicularis GraySubject 81 GrayPage 313 Image Gray325.png Caption Sternoclavicular articulation. Anterior view. Image2 Pectoral girdles en.svg Caption2 Sternoclavicular articulation visible near center but not labeled. System Precursor MeshName Sternoclavicular Joint MeshNumber A02.835.583.781 DorlandsPre a 64 DorlandsSuf 12161562 The sternoclavicular articulation is a synovial double plane joint composed of two portions separated by an articular disc . The parts entering into its formation are the sternal end of the clavicle , the upper and lateral part of the manubrium sterni clavicular notch of the manubrium sterni , and the cartilage of the first rib , visible from the outside as the suprasternal notch . The articular surface of the clavicle is much larger than that of the Human sternum sternum , and is invested with a layer of cartilage, which is considerably thicker than that on the latter bone. Movement The sternoclavicular joint allows movement of the clavicle in three planes, predominantly in the anteroposterior & vertical planes, although some rotation also occurs. Muscles don t directly act on this joint, although all almost all actions of the shoulder girdle or the scapula will cause some motion at this articulation. The unique double hinged articular disk found at the junction of the clavicular head and manubrium allows for movement between the clavicle and the disk during elevation and depression of the scapula. This disk also allows motion between the sternum manubrium and itself during protraction and retraction of the scapula. ref Lippert, Lynn. Clinical Kinesiology and Anatomy, 4th edition pg.95 96. ref Ligaments Articular capsule Anterior sternoclavicular ligament Posterior sternoclavicular ligament Interclavicular ligament Costoclavicular ligament Articular disk See also Shoulder girdle Pectoral girdle Glenohumeral joint Shoulder joint Shoulder Acromioclavicular joint References ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Cuboideonavicular articulation Latin articulatio cuneonavicularis GraySubject 96 GrayPage 356 Image Gray358.png Caption Ligaments of the sole of the foot, with the tendons of the Peron us longus, Tibialis posterior and Tibialis anterior muscles. Plantar cuboideonavicular ligament labeled at center right. Image2 Caption2 System Precursor MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre j 02 DorlandsSuf 12464983 Cuboideonavicular Articulation . The navicular bone is connected with the cuboid by dorsal, plantar, and interosseous ligaments. The Dorsal Ligaments The dorsal ligaments are three small bundles, one attached to each of the cuneiform bones. The bundle connecting the navicular with the first cuneiform is continuous around the medial side of the articulation with the plantar ligament which unites these two bones. The Plantar Ligaments The plantar ligaments have a similar arrangement to the dorsal, and are strengthened by slips from the tendon of the Tibialis posterior . Synovial Membrane The synovial membrane of these joints is part of the great tarsal synovial membrane . Movements Mere gliding movements are permitted between the navicular and cuneiform bones. Gray s Joints of lower limbs Category Lower limb anatomy Category Joints musculoskeletal stub ... more details
Image Places of articulation.svg thumb 250px Places of articulation passive & active br 1. Exo labial, 2. Endo labial, 3. Dental, 4. Alveolar, 5. Post alveolar, 6. Pre palatal, 7. Palatal, 8. Velar, 9. Uvular, 10. Pharyngeal, 11. Glottal, 12. Epiglottal, 13. Radical, 14. Postero dorsal, 15. Antero dorsal, 16. Laminal, 17. Apical, 18. Sub apical In articulatory phonetics , the place of articulation also point of articulation of a consonant is the point of contact where an obstruction occurs in the vocal tract between an active moving articulator typically some part of the tongue and a passive stationary articulator typically some part of the roof of the mouth . Along with the manner of articulation and phonation , this gives the consonant its distinctive sound. A place of articulation is defined as both the active and passive articulators. For instance, the active lower lip may contact either ... may work together in what is called coarticulation see below . The passive articulation, on the other .... Consonants that have the same place of articulation, such as the alveolar sounds n, t, d, s, z ... consonants homorganic nasal rule is a case where the point of articulation of the initial sound is assimilated ... articulations and places of articulation Cleanup table date January 2010 Place of articulation class wikitable colspan 2 Active gesture Active passive place of articulation rowspan 2 colspan 2 valign ..., but generally considered as a manner of articulation Citation needed date January 2010 In laterals ... places of articulation, called co articulated consonant coarticulation . When these are doubly articulated .... However, more commonly there is a secondary articulation of an approximant consonant approximantic ... also Manner of articulation Relative articulation List of phonetics topics References SOWL External links http www.chass.utoronto.ca danhall phonetics sammy.html Interactive places and manners of articulation ... fr Point d articulation ko it Luogo di articolazione he lv Artikul cijas vieta ... more details
The Articulation Index AI is a tool used by audiologist s to predict the amount of Speech communication speech that is audible to a patient with a specific hearing impairment hearing loss . The AI reading for a given patient can range from zero to 1.0, representing the proportionality mathematics proportion of the average speech signal that is audible. The closer the AI is to 1.0, or percentage 100 percent , the better the person should be able to hear speech. The AI is often used as a counseling tool since it presents an individual s hearing loss in terms of percentage of speech missed during a typical one on one conversation. The AI can also be used to measure the effectiveness of hearing aid s and other forms of amplification devices. Since the creation of the AI, there have been several proposed ways to simplify and increase its use in the field of audiology . In 1990, Gustav Mueller and Mead Killion proposed an AI calculation involving one hundred dots on an audiogram , each of which represented an important speech Audio frequency frequency the number of dots audible to the listener, multiplied by .01, represented the patient s AI. Unfortunately, not all areas on the audiogram taking into account frequencies and intensity levels are equally weighted. According to this procedure, the highest density of the audiogram dots is concentrated in the frequency region of 1 3 hertz kHz , which means that this is the region containing the most speech information. See also Absolute threshold of hearing References Amlani, A., Punch, J., & Ching, T. 2002 . Methods and Applications of the Audibility Index in Hearing Aid Selection and Fitting. Trends in Amplification, 6 3 , 81 129. Mueller, G. & Killion, M. 1992 . An Easy Method for Calculating the Articulation Index. The Hearing Journal ... Sounds. J Acoust Soc Am 1990 119, 1949. Kryter, K.D. Methods for the calculation and use of the Articulation ... Index. J Acoust Soc Am 34 11 1698 1702, 1962. DEFAULTSORT Articulation Index Category Audiology ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Cricothyroid articulation Latin articulatio cricothyroidea GraySubject GrayPage Image Larynx external en.svg Caption The cartilages of the larynx. Image2 Caption2 Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre a 64 DorlandsSuf 12161168 The cricoarytenoid articulation or joint is a joint connecting the cricoid cartilage and the thyroid cartilage . It plays a key role in adjusting human voice pitch by changing the tension of the vocal cord s. This tension is controlled mostly by the endolaryngeal vocalis and the extralaryngeal cricothyroid muscle s which change vocal fold tension by narrowing the cricothyroid space created by rotation and gliding movements in horizontal and vertical direction allowed for by the cricothyroid articulation. ref name Hammer Hammer GP, Windisch G, Prodinger PM, Anderhuber F, Friedrich G. 2010 . The Cricothyroid Joint Functional Aspects With Regard to Different Types of Its Structure. J Voice. Mar 24 140 145. PMID 19185450 ref Types Three types A, B, and C have been identified. ref name Hammer Type A is found in 56 of females and 66 of males. There is a well defined facet . It has a tight capsule and ligaments with either a concavity or a small groin directed from posterior superior to anterior inferior. Horizontal translational movement is about 3.0 mm, vertical gliding about 2.5 mm with great movement horizontally than vertically. The gliding movements are smaller in males than in females . Type B is in 24 of females and 20 of males. In contrary to type A it lacks a definite facet and the two cartilaginous parts of the articulation are joined only by soft connective tissue. Horizontal movement is 5.0 mm and vertical, 5.1 mm with no differences between them. Type C concerns all others and has a flat surface with or without a tiny protuberance. Horizontal movement is about 5.1 mm, and vertical 3.8 mm. Type A is less mobile than the other two. ref name Hammer References ... more details
Interest articulation is a way for members of a society to express their needs to a system of government. ref name Wiseman cite book title Political Systems author Herbert Victor Wiseman pages 138&ndash 139 date 1966 publisher Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd location London isbn 0710071833 ref It can range from personal contact with government officials to the development of Advocacy group interest groups e.g. trade unions, professional associations, religious groups who act in the interest of larger groups of people. Interest articulation can have different effects in different types of government and can include both legal i.e. lobbying , peaceful protest, phone calls and letters to policymakers and illegal activities e.g. assassination , riots . Interest articulation leads to interest aggregation . The types of interest groups, as identified by Gabriel Almond , are ref name Wiseman Anomic Groups generally spontaneous groups with a collective response to a particular frustration ref name Wiseman Nonassociational Groups rarely well organized and their activity is dependent upon the issue at hand. They differ from Anomic groups in that they are usually similar to one another and have a common identity. Institutional Groups mostly formal and have some other political or social function in addition to the particular interest. Associational Groups formed explicitedly to represent an issue of a particular group. References references Further reading cite journal journal American Political Science Review volume 52 issue 1 date March 1958 title Interest Groups in the Political Process author Gabriel Almond also published in Comparative Politics , pp. 128&ndash 156, ed. Macridis and Brown Category Government gov stub poli term stub ... more details
Manner of articulation Image Illu01 head neck.jpg thumb Human vocal tract In linguistics articulatory phonetics , manner of articulation describes how the tongue, lips, jaw, and other speech organs are involved in making a sound. Often the concept is only used for the production of consonant s. For any place of articulation , there may be several manners, and therefore several homorganic consonants . One parameter of manner is stricture, that is, how closely the speech organs approach one another. Parameters other than stricture are those involved in the r like sounds flap consonant taps and trill consonant trills , and the sibilant sibilancy of fricative s. Often nasality and lateral consonant laterality are included in manner, but phonetics phoneticians such as Peter Ladefoged consider them to be independent. Stricture From greatest to least stricture, speech sounds may be classified along ... coronal places of articulation may be sibilant or non sibilant, sibilants being the more common. Taps and flaps are similar to very brief stops. However, their articulation and behavior is distinct ... vowel. The shape and position of the tongue the place of articulation determine the resonance ... of articulation. Examples include English f, s voiceless , v, z voiced , etc. Most languages ... coronal front of tongue places of articulation are usually, though not always, sibilants. English ... . Broader classifications Manners of articulation with substantial obstruction of the airflow plosives .... Other airstream initiations All of these manners of articulation are pronounced with an Initiation ... tut sound, and another is often used to say giddy up to a horse. See also multicol Place of articulation Phonation Airstream mechanism Relative articulation multicol break List of phonetics topics Vocal ... links http www.chass.utoronto.ca danhall phonetics sammy.html Interactive place and manner of articulation ... de artikulacio fr Mode d articulation ko it Modo di articolazione he lv Artikul cijas ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Calcaneocuboid articulation Latin articulatio calcaneocuboidea GraySubject 96 GrayPage 354 Image Gray354.png Caption Ligaments of the medial aspect of the foot. Calcaneocuboid labeled at bottom center. Image2 Gray355.png Caption2 The ligaments of the foot from the lateral aspect. Calcaneocuboid labeled at top, third from right. System Precursor MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre a 64 DorlandsSuf 12160990 The calcaneocuboid articulation is the joint between the calcaneus and the cuboid bone . Ligaments The ligaments connecting the calcaneus with the cuboid are five in number, viz., the articular capsule the dorsal calcaneocuboid ligament , part of the bifurcated ligament , the long plantar ligament , and the plantar calcaneocuboid ligament . ref Gray s Anatomy See infobox . ref Movements The calcaneocuboid joint is conventionally described as among the least mobile joints in the human foot. The articular surfaces of the two bones are relatively flat with some irregular undulations, which seem to suggest movement limited to a single rotation and some translation. However, the cuboid rotates as much as 25 about an oblique axis during Inversion kinesiology inversion Eversion kinesiology eversion in a movement that could be called obvolution involution . ref harvnb Greiner Ball 2008 ref Notes reflist Gray s References cite journal ref harv last1 Greiner first1 Thomas M last2 Ball first2 Kevin A title The calcaneocuboid joint moves with three degrees of freedom journal J Foot Ankle Res. year 2008 volume 1 issue Suppl 1 pmc 2562120 doi 0.1186 1757 1146 1 S1 O39 External links NormanAnatomy lljoints Joints of lower limbs musculoskeletal stub Category Foot Category Anatomy of the lower limb Category Skeletal system ru ... more details
Place of articulation In descriptions of phonetics and phonology , the manner of articulation manner and place of articulation place of articulation of a speech sound may be specified relative to some point of comparison. For example, as a consequence of velar palatalization the English consonant IPA k is fronted before the vowel IPA i , compared to the articulation of IPA k before other vowels, and in many geographic regions, the vowel IPA u is fronted. The relative position of a sound may be described as advanced fronted , retracted backed , raised , lowered , centralized , or mid centralized . The latter two terms are only used with vowel s, and are marked in the International Phonetic Alphabet with diacritic s over the vowel letter. The others are used with consonant s and vowels, and are marked with Iconicity iconic diacritics under the letter. Another dimension of relative articulation that has IPA diacritics is the degree of roundedness , more rounded and less rounded . Advanced and retracted IPA vowel chart anchor Advanced anchor Retracted A fronted or advanced sound is one that is pronounced farther to the front of the vocal tract than some reference point. The diacritic for this in the IPA is the subscript plus, IPA diacritic description 031F COMBINING PLUS SIGN BELOW . Conversely, a retracted or backed sound is one that is pronounced farther to the back of the vocal tract, and its IPA diacritic is the subscript minus IPA diacritic description 0320 COMBINING MINUS SIGN BELOW . Both consonants and vowels may be fronted or backed. In English language English , the back ... e . Raised and lowered consonants Manner of articulation With consonants, raising and lowering changes the manner of articulation to something with more or less stricture. For example, raised .... From most open least Manner of articulation Stricture stricture to most close most stricture ... in Arabic IPA navigation DEFAULTSORT Relative Articulation Category Phonetics bg ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Capsule of atlantooccipital articulation Latin capsula articularis atlantooccipitalis GraySubject 74 GrayPage 295 Image Gray304.png Caption Anterior atlanto ccipital membrane and atlantoaxial ligament. Image2 Caption2 Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre c 07 DorlandsSuf 12211206 The capsules of the atlantooccipital articulation surround the Condyle anatomy condyle s of the occipital bone , and connect them with the articular processes of the Atlas anatomy atlas they are thin and loose. Gray s Joints of head and neck Category Bones of the head and neck musculoskeletal stub ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Proximal radioulnar articulation Latin articulatio radioulnaris proximalis GraySubject 85 GrayPage 324 Image Gray331.png Caption Capsule of elbow joint distended . Anterior aspect. Image2 Gray333.png Caption2 Annular ligament of radius, from above. The head of the radius has been sawn off and the bone dislodged from the ligament. System Precursor MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre a 64 DorlandsSuf 12161505 The proximal radioulnar articulation superior radioulnar joint is a trochoid or pivot joint between the circumference of the head of the radius and the ring formed by the radial notch of the ulna and the annular ligament . Nerve Supply median nerve musculocutaneous nerve radial nerve See also Distal radioulnar articulation Supination Gray s Joints of upper limbs Category Bones of the upper limb Musculoskeletal stub de Articulatio radioulnaris proximalis ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Articular disk of sternoclavicular articulation Latin discus articularis articulationis sternoclavicularis GraySubject 81 GrayPage 314 Image Gray325.png Caption Sternoclavicular articulation. Anterior view. Articular disk labeled at upper right. Image2 Caption2 Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre d 22 DorlandsSuf 12300676 The articular disk of the sternoclavicular articulation is flat and nearly circular, interposed between the articulating surfaces of the Human sternum sternum and clavicle . It is attached, above, to the upper and posterior border of the articular surface of the clavicle below, to the cartilage of the first rib , near its junction with the sternum and by its circumference to the interclavicular and anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments. It is thicker at the circumference, especially its upper and back part, than at its center. It divides the joint into two cavities, each of which is furnished with a synovial membrane . See also Articular disk Gray s Category Upper limb anatomy musculoskeletal stub ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Articulation of head of rib Latin articulatio capitis costae GraySubject 76 GrayPage 299 Image Gray312.png Caption Costovertebral articulations. Anterior view. Image2 Caption2 System Precursor MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre a 64 DorlandsSuf 12160995 The Articulations of the Heads of the Ribs costocentral articulations constitute a series of gliding or arthrodial joints , and are formed by the articulations articulation of the heads of the typical ribs with the facets on the contiguous margins of the bodies of the thoracic vertebr and with the intervertebral fibrocartilages between them the first, tenth, eleventh, and twelfth ribs each articulate with a single vertebra. The ligaments of the joints are Articular capsule Radiate ligament Interarticular ligament Gray s Joints of torso musculoskeletal stub Category Thorax ... more details
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