Infobox scientist box width name AristidLindenmayer image filename only image size caption birth date birth date 1925 11 17 birth place death date death date and age 1989 10 30 1925 11 17 death place residence citizenship nationality Hungarian ethnicity fields workplaces alma mater doctoral advisor academic advisors doctoral students notable students known for L system s author abbrev bot author abbrev zoo influences influenced awards religion signature filename only footnotes AristidLindenmayer November 17, 1925 October 30, 1989 was a Hungary Hungarian biologist . In 1968 he developed a formal language that is today called L system s or Lindenmayer Systems. Using those systems Lindenmayer modelled the behaviour of cells of plants. L systems nowadays are also used to model whole plants. Image Fractal weeds.jpg thumb 300px Plant generated using an L system in 3D. Lindenmayer worked with yeast and filamentous fungi and studied the growth patterns of various types of algae, such as the blue green bacteria Anabaena Anabaena catenula . Originally the L systems were devised to provide a formal description of the development of such simple multicellular organisms, and to illustrate the neighbourhood ... plants and complex branching structures. Publications AristidLindenmayer, Mathematical models for cellular ... last Prusinkiewicz authorlink Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz coauthors AristidLindenmayer title The Algorithmic ... http www.informatik.uni trier.de ley db indices a tree l Lindenmayer Aristid.html Further publications Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Lindenmayer, Aristid ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT ... DEFAULTSORT Lindenmayer, Aristid Category 1925 births Category 1989 deaths Category Hungarian biologists Category People from Budapest biologist stub Hungary scientist stub ca AristidLindenmayer cs AristidLindenmayer de AristidLindenmayer fr AristidLindenmayer hr AristidLindenmayer nds AristidLindenmayer ... more details
Infobox Football biography playername Christof Lindenmayer image fullname dateofbirth 1978 cityofbirth countryofbirth United States height height ft 5 in 8 position Midfield Forward youthyears 1996 1999 youthclubs Loyola Greyhounds men s soccer Loyola College in Maryland years 2000, 2003 br 2001 br 2002, 2004 clubs Columbus Crew MLS br Hershey Wildcats A League br Virginia Beach Mariners A League caps goals nationalyears nationalteam nationalcaps goals manageryears 2004 2006 managerclubs Loyola Greyhounds men s soccer Loyola College in Maryland assistant Christof Lindenmayer is a former professional soccer player who competed for the Columbus Crew MLS as well as the Hershey Wildcats A League and the Virginia Beach Mariners A League before retiring due to chronic hamstring injuries. Lindenmayer also starred for the Loyola College in Maryland Loyola College MD Loyola Greyhounds men s soccer men s soccer team from 1996 to 1999, where he was a two time MAAC Player of the Year as well as being named to the NSCAA All Region South Atlantic team in both 1998 and 1999. ref http www.loyolagreyhounds.com sports m soccer mtt lindenmayer christof00.html Player Bio Christof Lindenmayer ref References references Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Lindenmayer, Christof ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1978 PLACE OF BIRTH United States DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Lindenmayer, Christof Category American soccer players Category American soccer coaches Category Loyola Greyhounds men s soccer players Category 1978 births Category Living people ... more details
Infobox scientist name Aristid von Grosse image image width caption birth date January 1905 birth place Riga , Russian Empire residence nationality death date July 21, 1985 death place Laguna Hills Laguna Hills, California , United States field work institution Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry , University of Chicago alma mater doctoral advisor Karl Andreas Hofmann , Otto Hahn doctoral students known for isolation of pure protactinium compounds prizes religion footnotes Aristid von Grosse was a Germany German nuclear chemist . During his work with Otto Hahn , he got access to waste material from radium production, and with this starting material he was able in 1927 to isolate protactinium oxide ref Cite journal author Aristid von Grosse title Das Element 91 seine Eigenschaften und seine Gewinnung pages 233 245 journal Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft doi 10.1002 cber.19280610137 volume 61 issue 1 year 1928 ref and was later able to produce metallic protactinium ref Cite journal author Aristid von Grosse journal Science year 1934 title Element 91 volume 80 issue 2084 pages 512 516 doi 10.1126 science.80.2084.512 pmid 17734249 ref ref Cite journal doi 10.1002 cber.19350680218 title Zur Herstellung von Protactinium year 1935 last1 V. Grosse first1 Aristid journal Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft A and B Series volume 68 pages 307 ref by decomposition of protactinium iodide. Aristid was born in Riga in January 1905. ref Cite web url http www.aip.org history ohilist 4646 1.html title The Niels Bohr Library & Archives Interview with Dr. Aristid Grosse ... http www.nytimes.com 1985 07 23 us aristid v grosse 80 did a bomb research.html title Aristid V. Grosse ... Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Grosse Von, Aristid ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION ... OF DEATH Laguna Hills Laguna Hills, California , United States DEFAULTSORT Grosse Von, Aristid Category ... from Riga Category Deaths from pneumonia Category Guggenheim Fellows US chemist stub pt Aristid ... more details
The Algorithmic Beauty of Plants is a book by Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz and AristidLindenmayer . It s notable as it is the first comprehensive volume on the computer simulation of plant development L systems . The book is no longer in print but a pdf version is available free http algorithmicbotany.org papers abop online . References cite book last Prusinkiewicz first Przemyslaw authorlink Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz coauthors AristidLindenmayerLindenmayer, Aristid title The Algorithmic Beauty of Plants publisher Springer Verlag date 1990 location pages 101 107 url http algorithmicbotany.org papers webdocs doi isbn 978 0387972978 DEFAULTSORT Algorithmic Beauty of Plants Category Botany books science book stub ... more details
Image Fermat s spiral.svg frame right Fermat s spiral Fermat s spiral also known as a parabola parabolic spiral follows the equation math r pm theta 1 2 , math in polar coordinates the more general Fermat s spiral follows r sup 2 sup a sup 2 sup &theta . It is a type of Archimedean spiral General Archimedean spiral Archimedean spiral . ref mathworld urlname FermatsSpiral title Fermat Spiral ref In disc phyllotaxis sunflower , daisy , the mesh of spirals occurs in Fibonacci number s because divergence angle of succession in a single spiral arrangement approaches the golden ratio . The shape of the spirals depends on the growth of the elements generated sequentially. In mature disc phyllotaxis , when all the elements are the same size, the shape of the spirals is that of Fermat spirals&mdash ideally. That is because Fermat s spiral traverses equal annulus mathematics annuli in equal turns. The full model proposed by H Vogel in 1979 ref Cite journal last Vogel first H title A better way to construct the sunflower head journal Mathematical Biosciences issue 44 pages 179 189 year 1979 doi 10.1016 0025 5564 79 90080 4 volume 44 postscript None ref is math r c sqrt n , math math theta n times 137.508 circ, math where is the angle, r is the radius or distance from the center, and n is the index number of the floret and c is a constant scaling factor. The angle 137.508 is the golden angle which is approximated by ratios of Fibonacci numbers. ref cite book last Prusinkiewicz first Przemyslaw authorlink Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz coauthors Aristid Lindenmayer Lindenmayer, Aristid title The Algorithmic Beauty of Plants publisher Springer Verlag date 1990 location pages 101&ndash 107 url http algorithmicbotany.org papers webdocs doi isbn 978 0387972978 ref Image Sunflower spiral.png thumb 692px The pattern of florets produced by Vogel s model central image . The other two images show the patterns for slightly different values of the angle. clear Reference ... more details
Image Fractal weeds.jpg thumb right Plant like structures generated by L system s Przemyslaw Przemek Prusinkiewicz IPAc pl p rz e m e k p r u si i N k je w i cz ref Audio file of his name being pronounced http jungle.cpsc.ucalgary.ca people index.html ref is a Poland Polish computer scientist who advanced the idea that Fibonacci number s in nature can be in part understood as the expression of certain algebraic constraints on free group s, specifically as certain L system Lindenmayer grammars . Prusinkiewicz s main work is on the modeling of plant growth through such Formal grammar grammars . Prusinkiewicz received his PhD from the Warsaw University of Technology in 1978, and is currently a professor of Computer Science at the University of Calgary . Prusinkiewicz received the 1997 SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics Achievement Award for his work. ref http old.siggraph.org awards 1997 AchievementAward.html ref Publications cite book first Przemyslaw last Prusinkiewicz coauthors James Hanan title Lindenmayer Systems, Fractals, and Plants Lecture Notes in Biomathematics publisher Springer Science Business Media Springer Verlag year 1989 isbn 0 387 97092 4 cite book first Przemyslaw last Prusinkiewicz coauthors Aristid Lindenmayer title The Algorithmic Beauty of Plants The Virtual Laboratory publisher Springer Science Business Media Springer Verlag year 1990 isbn 0 387 97297 8 url http algorithmicbotany.org papers abop available as a PDF cite book first Hans last Meinhardt authorlink Hans Meinhardt coauthors Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz, Deborah R. Fowler title The Algorithmic Beauty of Sea Shells edition 3 sup rd sup edition publisher Springer Science Business Media Springer Verlag date 2003 02 12 isbn 3 540 44010 0 References reflist External links http pages.cpsc.ucalgary.ca pwp Biography of Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz from the University of Calgary http algorithmicbotany.org Laboratory website at the University of Calgary DEFAULTSORT Prusinkiewicz, Przemyslaw Category Alumni of W ... more details
, plants, and the like. Books Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz , AristidLindenmayer The Algorithmic Beauty ...An L system or Lindenmayer system is a parallel rewriting system , namely a variant of a formal grammar , most famously used to model the growth processes of plant development , but also able to model the morphology of a variety of organisms. ref Grzegorz Rozenberg and Arto Salomaa. The mathematical theory of L systems Academic Press, New York, 1980 . ISBN 0 12 597140 0 ref L systems can also be used to generate self similar fractal s such as iterated function system s. L systems were introduced and developed in 1968 by the Hungarian theoretical biologist and botanist from the Utrecht University University of Utrecht , AristidLindenmayer 1925&ndash 1989 . Origins Image Fractal weeds.jpg thumb 300px Weeds , generated using an L system in 3D. As a biologist, Lindenmayer worked with yeast and filamentous fungi and studied the growth patterns of various types of algae , such as the blue green bacteria Anabaena Anabaena catenula . Originally the L systems were devised to provide a formal description of the development of such simple multicellular organisms, and to illustrate the neighbourhood relationships between plant cells. Later on, this system was extended to describe higher plants and complex branching structures. L system structure The recursion recursive nature of the L system rules leads to self similarity and thereby fractal like forms are easy to describe with an L system. Plant models and natural looking organic forms are easy to define, as by increasing the recursion level the form slowly grows and becomes more complex. Lindenmayer systems are also popular in the generation ... of L systems Example 1 Algae Lindenmayer s original L system for modelling the growth of algae. variables ... Rozenberg, Arto Salomaa Lindenmayer Systems Impacts on Theoretical Computer Science, Computer Graphics ... languages Link GA cs cs L syst m de Lindenmayer System es Sistema L eo Sistemo L fr L System hr L ... more details
The simulated growth of plants is a significant task in of systems biology and mathematical biology , which seeks to reproduce plant morphology with computer software. Electronic trees e trees usually use L system s to simulate growth. L systems are very important in the field of complexity science and A life . A universally accepted system for describing changes in plant morphology at the cellular or modular level has yet to be devised. ref cite web url http www.acm.org crossroads xrds8 2 plantsim.html title Simulating plant growth accessdate 2009 10 18 ref The most widely implemented tree generating algorithms are described in the papers http portal.acm.org citation.cfm?id 218427 Creation and Rendering of Realistic Trees , and http www.springerlink.com content n0nacdyjpyvxnnef Real Time Tree Rendering Image Fractal weeds.jpg thumb 300px Weeds , generated using an L system in 3D. The realistic modeling of plant growth is of high value to biology, but also for computer games. Theory Algorithms A biologist, Aristid Lindenmayer 1925 1989 worked with yeast and filamentous fungi and studied the growth patterns of various types of algae, such as the blue green bacteria Anabaena Anabaena catenula . Originally the L systems were devised to provide a formal description of the development of such simple multicellular organisms, and to illustrate the neighbourhood relationships between plant cells. Later on, this system was extended to describe higher plants and complex branching structures. Central to L systems, is the notion of rewriting, where the basic idea is to define complex objects by successively replacing parts of a simple object using a set of rewriting rules or productions. The rewriting can be carried out recursively. L Systems are also closely related to Koch curves . Image Fractal plant.svg centre A Fractal plant Environmental interaction A challenge for plant simulations is to consistently integrate environmental factors, such as surrounding plants, obstructio ... more details
L system may refer to L system or Lindenmayer systems in biology L carrier AT&T Transcontinental Cable System Taito L System arcade system board An alternative name for Chicago L mass transit system The main system of transport for tyrosine across biological cell membranes and the Blood brain barrier Blood Brain Barrier . disambig ... more details
Citation style date September 2009 Orphan date March 2008 MGS a General Model of Simulation is a domain specific language used for specification and simulation of dynamical systems with dynamical structure, developed at IBISC Computer Science, Integrative Biology and Complex Systems at Universit d vry Val d Essonne University of vry, Essonne Evry . MGS is particularly aimed at modelling biological systems. The MGS computational model is a generalisation of cellular automata , Lindenmayer system s, Paun system s and other computational formalisms inspired by chemistry and biology. It manipulates collections sets of positions, filled with some values, in a lattice with a user defined Topological space topology . External links http mgs.ibisc.univ evry.fr Homepage of the project DEFAULTSORT Modelling Of General Systems Category Simulation programming languages compu lang stub ... more details
The Marshall Chair of Modern Romance Languages is a professorship at the University of Glasgow . A lectureship had been instituted in 1895, and a chair with special reference to the language and literature of France was founded in 1917. It was endowed by Robert Marshall, James Clason Harvie and others. Its title was changed to the Marshall Chair of French Language and Literature in 1966. Marshall Professors of Modern Romance Languages Marshall Professors of French Language and Literature Charles Aristid Martin MA DTheol 1919 Alan Martin Boase MA PhD 1937 Austin Gill CBE MA Le s L 1966 Henry Thomas Barnwell MA D de l U 1971 Colin Smethurst MA BLitt DipEd Officier dans l Ordre des Palmes acad miques Noel Peacock BA MA Chevalier dans l Ordre des Palmes acad miques , Chevalier dans l Ordre des Arts et des Lettres See also List of Professorships at the University of Glasgow References Who, What and Where The History and Constitution of the University of Glasgow . Compiled by Michael Moss, Moira Rankin and Lesley Richmond Category Glasgow Professorships Category Professorships in Literature Category Professorships in Languages French Category 1917 establishments ... more details
Mallee Woodlands and Shrublands MVG 14 is a List of Major Vegetation Groups in Australia Major Vegetation Group which occurs in semi arid areas of southern Australia . ref name MVG14 cite web title MVG 14 Mallee Woodlands and Shrublands work Australian Natural Resources Atlas publisher Australian Government url http www.anra.gov.au topics vegetation pubs native vegetation pubs vegfsheet mvg14.pdf accessdate 2009 04 21 ref The vegetation is dominated by mallee habit mallee eucalypts which are rarely over 6 metres high. Other dominant plant genera are Melaleuca , Acacia and Hakea . ref name MVG14 The composition of the understorey depends on factors such as rainfall, soil composition as well as fire frequency and intensity. In subhumid areas, a variety of grasses and shrubs predominate, while in semi arid areas hummock grasses Triodia plant genus Triodia species predominate. ref name MVG14 In 2001, the area covered by this vegetation group was estimated to be 65 of its pre 1788 in Australia 1788 coverage. ref name Lindenmayer cite book author Lindenmayer, David author2 Mark Burgman title Practical Conservation Biology year 2005 publisher CSIRO url http www.publish.csiro.au onborrowedtime docs PCB Ch09.pdf accessdate 2009 04 21 ref The most extensive extant area of this group in Australia today is found in the Great Victoria Desert . Prior to 1788, the largest area occurred in the Murray Darling Basin . ref name MVG14 The Major Vegetation Subgroups for this group are Mallee with hummock grass Mallee with a dense shrubby understorey Mallee with an open shrubby understorey Mallee with a tussock grass understorey. ref name MVG14 References reflist Category Mallee Woodlands and Shrublands Category Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub Category Vegetation of Australia pl Malee ... more details
A Moore curve after E. H. Moore is a Geometric continuity continuous fractal space filling curve space filling curve which is a variant of the Hilbert curve . Precisely, it is the curve definitions loop version of the Hilbert curve, and it may be thought as the union of four copies of the Hilbert curves combined in such a way to make the endpoints coincide. Because the Moore curve is plane filling, its Hausdorff dimension is 2. The following figure shows the initial stages of the Moore curve. Image Moore curve stages 0 through 5.png Representation as Lindenmayer system The Moore curve can be expressed by a rewriting rewrite system L system . Alphabet L, R Constants F, , &minus Axiom LFL F LFL Production rules L &rarr &minus RF LFL FR&minus R &rarr LF&minus RFR&minus FL Here, F means draw forward , means turn left 90 , and &minus means turn right 90 see turtle graphics . Like the Hilbert curve, the Moore curve can be extended to three dimensions Image Moore3d step3.png 200 px External links A. Bogomolny, Plane Filling Curves from Interactive Mathematics Miscellany and Puzzles http www.cut the knot.org do you know hilbert.shtml, Accessed 07 May 2008. See also Hilbert curve Sierpi ski curve z order curve List of fractals by Hausdorff dimension Category Fractal curves ... more details
The Sierpi ski arrowhead curve is a fractal curve similar in appearance and identical in limit to the Sierpi ski triangle . Image Arrowhead curve 1 through 6.png thumb right 400px Evolution of Sierpi ski arrowhead curve Representation as Lindenmayer system The Sierpi ski arrowhead curve can be expressed by a rewriting rewrite system L system . Alphabet X, Y Constants F, , &minus Axiom XF Production rules X &rarr YF XF Y Y &rarr XF &minus YF &minus X Here, F means draw forward , means turn left 60 , and &minus means turn right 60 see turtle graphics . Like many two dimensional fractal curves, the Sierpi ski arrowhead curve can be extended to three dimensions Image Sierpinski arrowhead 3d stage 5.png 250px Literature Peitgen et al., em Chaos and Fractals em , Springer Verlag, 1992. Roger T. Stevens, em Fractal Programming in C em , M&T Books, 1989. See also List of fractals by Hausdorff dimension Sierpi ski curve DEFAULTSORT Sierpinski arrowhead curve Category Fractals Category Fractal curves ... more details
to south eastern Queensland . ref Cite journal author Lindenmayer, D. B., J. Dubach, et al. year .... and D. B. Lindenmayer year 1998 title Consumption of hypogeous fungi by the mountain brushtail possum ... and distribution of the Mountain Brushtail Possum in Victoria. ref Cite journal author Lindenmayer ... journal author Viggers K. and Lindenmayer D. year 2002 title The Other Brushtail Possum journal Nature ... Lindenmayer Diprotodontia P. Use dmy dates date September 2010 Category Possums Category Mammals of Victoria ... more details
for the 15th century French Marshall named Boucicaut Jean le Maingre Aristide Boucicaut July 14, 1810 December 26, 1877 created what is considered to be among the first department store s. Born in Bell me , Orne , at 3 00 A. M. on Bastille Day , the son of a banker, he began as a simple clerk in Bell me before he left to become a fabric salesman selling shawls. In 1829 he settled in Paris and married Marguerite Guerin in 1836. He set up Le Bon March as a goods store in 1838, but his innovations in distribution became most noticeable after 1852. After this, the store grew to be among the, if not the, largest in Paris, and where he spent the rest of his life. The world s Fair in 1855 gave him further ideas on how to innovate. These involved the notion of browsing, greater advertisements, fixed prices and in 1856 a catalogue. His wife also played an important role in expanding the business. He also has a hospital named after him. He died in Paris. mile Zola s novel Au Bonheur des Dames involved research on the store and a Zola created character, named Mouret Octave, is said to be based on Aristide. External links http www.insecula.com contact A008472.html Insecula http xroads.virginia.edu HYPER INCORP stores PartonePredeptstore.html Virginia University Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Boucicaut, Aristide ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH July 14, 1810 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH December 26, 1877 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Boucicaut, Aristide Category 1810 births Category 1877 deaths Category People from Orne Category Burials at Montparnasse Cemetery no way was he a good man, he worshiped the devil and tried to kill all slaves. he was a very, very bad man of the souls. France business bio stub de Aristide Boucicaut fr Aristide Boucicaut la Aristides Boucicaut sr Aristid Busiko ... more details
Aristides may refer to Aristides , 530 468 BCE Athenian soldier and statesman who fought in the Battle of Marathon Aristides of Thebes , 4th century BCE painter Aristides of Miletus , 2nd century BCE Writer of salacious tales Aelius Aristides , 117 181 orator and rhetorician Aristides of Athens Aristides the Athenian , 2nd century Christian writer Aristides Quintilianus , 3rd century , author of a musical treatise Aristides Brezina , 1848 1909 Austrian mineralogist Aristides Agramonte , 1868 1931 American physician, pathologist and bacteriologist Aristides de Sousa Mendes , 1885 1954 Portuguese diplomat who issued visas to Jews seeking to flee the Nazis Aristides Le o , 1914 1993 Brazilian biologist Aristides Fraga Lima , born 1923 Brazilian writer Aristides Pereira , born 1923 First president of Cape Verde from 1975 to 1991. Aristides Demetrios , born 1931 American modernist sculptor Aristides Royo , born 1940 President of Panama from 1978 to 1982 Aristides S nchez , 1943 1993 Nicaraguan Contra rebel Aristides Gomes , born 1954 Prime Minister of Guinea Bissau from 2005 to 2007 Ar stides Gonz lez , born 1961 Puerto Rican boxer Ar stides Rojas , born 1970 Paraguayan footballer Aristides Soiledis , born 1991 Greek football player It may also refer to Aristides horse , 1872 1893 American racehorse who won the first Kentucky Derby in 1875 Aristides Breeders Cup Stakes , Horse race held every June in Kentucky Aristides British racehorse , A competitor who failed to complete the 1848 Grand National 2319 Aristides , a Main belt Asteroid Disambig ca Aristides de Aristeides es Ar stides nombre fr Aristide hr Aristid nl Aristides ja pl Arystydes pt Aristides ru sr sv Aristides olika betydelser tr Aristides ... more details
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