Aposthia is a rare Quantify date January 2010 congenital disorder congenital condition in humans, in which the foreskin of the penis is missing. Toward the end of the nineteenth century, E. S. Talbot claimed in Medicine journal Medicine that aposthia among Jew s was evidence for the now discredited Lamarckism Lamarckian theory of evolution . It is likely that the cases he described were actually hypospadias , a condition in which the urinary meatus is on the underside of the penis. Neither condition has a particularly high incidence among Jews or Muslims. Citation needed date January 2010 Aposthia in Judaism The Midrash of Ki Tetze notes that Moses was born aposthic. Other sources tell us that Jacob , his son Gad son of Jacob Gad and King David were also born aposthic. Halakha Jewish law requires males born without a foreskin or who lost their foreskin through means other than a formal circumcision ceremony brit milah to have a drop of blood hatafat dam , let from the penis at the point where the foreskin would have been or was attached. The Talmud Shabbat 135A records a discussion of whether the importance of this letting of blood supersedes Shabbat , on which only a boy who was born the previous Shabbat can be circumcised. If a regular circumcision is delayed, there is no disagreement that this may not be performed on Shabbat. However, in the case of aposthia, there are two schools of thought. R. Elazar Hakappar said that the school of Shamai and Hillel the Elder Hillel do not differ as to a boy that is born without a foreskin. Both agree that the blood of the covenant must be drawn from the glans. The school of Shamai, however, contends that this may ... people. Aposthia in Islam Some traditions in Islam say Mohammed was born without a foreskin ... hl dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd a 54zPzhtm Aposthia in Dorland ... Aposthia a birth defect or normal quantitative recessive human genetic trait? East Mediterr ... more details
. Edited by Hyung Ki Choi, M.D., Ph.D., and Huso Yi, Ph.D. ref Aposthia is a rare condition in which ... archivedate 2009 10 31 deadurl yes ref Expand section date June 2008 See also Aposthia Anatomy ... more details
Dictionary of the Jewish Religion. Oxford Oxford University Press ref To be Aposthia born without ... Aposthia born without a foreskin the former demanding the spilling of a drop of blood of the covenant ... more details
Globalize date October 2009 Lead too short date September 2009 The origination of male circumcision is not known with certainty. It has been variously proposed that it began as a religious sacrifice, as a rite of passage marking a boy s entrance into adulthood, as a form of magical thinking sympathetic magic to ensure virility or fertility, as a means of enhancing sexual pleasure, as an aid to hygiene where regular bathing was impractical, as a means of marking those of higher social status, as a means of humiliating enemies and slaves by symbolic castration , as a means of differentiating a circumcising group from their non circumcising neighbors, as a means of discouraging masturbation or other socially proscribed sexual behaviors, as a means of removing excess pleasure, as a means of increasing a man s attractiveness to women, as a demonstration of one s ability to endure pain, or as a male counterpart to menstruation or the breaking of the hymen , or to copy the Aposthia rare natural occurrence of a missing foreskin of an important leader, and as a display of disgust of the smegma produced by the foreskin . It has been suggested that the custom of circumcision gave advantages to tribes that practiced it and thus led to its spread. ref cite journal author Ronald Immerman and Wade Mackey year 1997 title A Biocultural Analysis of Circumcision journal Social Biology volume 44 issue 3 pages 265 275 url http www.cirp.org library psych immerman2 doi 10.1111 j.1467 9744.1976.tb00285.x pmid 9446966 ref ref name darbymja2003 Cite journal author Robert Darby year 2003 title Medical history and medical practice persistent myths about the foreskin journal Medical Journal of Australia volume 178 pages 178 9 url http www.mja.com.au public issues 178 04 170203 dar10676 fm.html issue 4 ref ref name RACPSumm Darby describes these theories as conflicting , and states that the only point of agreement among proponents of the various theories is that promoting good health had nothing ... more details
File ReligionSymbolAbr.PNG thumb right Symbols of the Abrahamic religions Judaism represented by the Star of David top , Christianity represented by the Christian cross cross left , and Islam represented by the Arabic calligraphy of god god s name Allah right . Abrahamic religions are the monotheism monotheistic religion faiths emphasizing and tracing their common origin to Abraham ref Cite web author year 2010 title Philosophy of Religion url http www.britannica.com EBchecked topic 497132 philosophy of religion work Encyclop dia Britannica accessdate 2010 06 24 ref or recognizing a spiritual tradition identified with Abraham . ref name Massignon 1949 harvnb Massignon 1949 pp 20 23 ref ref name J.Smith98 harvnb Smith 1998 p 276 ref ref name Anidjar2001 harvnb Derrida 2002 p 3 ref They are one of the three major divisions in comparative religion , along with Indian religions Dharmic and East Asian religions Taoic . The three major Abrahamic religions are, in order of appearance, Judaism , Christianity , and Islam . Judaism regards itself as the religion of the descendants of Jacob , the grandson of Abraham. Christianity began as a sect of Judaism in the 1st century CE known as Jewish Christianity and Split of early Christianity and Judaism evolved into a separate religion with distinctive beliefs and practices, notably its replacement of the Jewish idea of an exclusive ethnic religious community a common notion which is not entirely correct, see Bnei Noah and Conversion to Judaism with an inclusive, universal community, the Christian Church . It replaced the idea of God in Judaism simple monotheism with a God in Christianity Triune God who is simultaneously one and three different branches of Christianity have different interpretations . Islam was founded by Muhammad in the 7th century CE upon the teachings in the Qur an . It retained the inclusiveness of Christianity, but reverted to simple God in Islam monotheism with a central, but not divine, prophet. The three r ... more details
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