and several sub classes A apo Apolipoprotein A1 A I , apo APOA2 A II , APOA4 apo A IV , and apo APOA5 A V B Apolipoprotein B apo B48 and apo B100 Apolipoprotein C C apo Apolipoprotein C1 C I , apo APOC2 C II , apo Apolipoprotein C3 C III , and apo Apolipoprotein C4 C IV Apolipoprotein D D Apolipoprotein E E Apolipoprotein H H Hundreds of genetic Polymorphism biology polymorphisms of the apolipoproteins ... Apolipoprotein synthesis in the intestine is regulated principally by the fat content of the diet. Apolipoprotein synthesis in the liver is controlled by a host of factors, including dietary ... are peripheral apoproteins. See also Apolipoprotein L Apoprotein External links http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ... Apolipoprotein AI Mutations and Information protein stub Lipoproteins Category Apolipoproteins da Apolipoprotein de Apolipoprotein es Apolipoprote na fr Apolipoprot ine it Apolipoproteine ja pl Apolipoproteina ru tr Apolipoprotein zh ... more details
In the field of molecular biology , apolipoprotein C is a family of four low molecular weight apolipoprotein s, designated as Apolipoprotein C1 C I , APOC2 C II , Apolipoprotein C3 C III , and Apolipoprotein C4 C IV that are surface components of chylomicron s, very low density lipoprotein VLDL , and high density lipoprotein HDL . In the fasting state, the C apolipoproteins are mainly associated with HDL. During absorption of dietary fat, the C apoli poproteins preferentially redistribute to the surface of the triglyceride rich chylomicrons and VLDL. ref name pmid6099394 cite journal author Mahley RW, Innerarity TL, Rall SC, Weisgraber KH title Plasma lipoproteins apolipoprotein structure and function journal J. Lipid Res. volume 25 issue 12 pages 1277 94 year 1984 month December pmid 6099394 doi url issn ref References Reflist protein stub Category Proteins ... more details
protein Name apolipoprotein A II caption image width HGNCid 601 Symbol APOA2 AltSymbols EntrezGene 336 OMIM 107670 RefSeq NM 001643 UniProt P02652 PDB ECnumber Chromosome 1 Arm q Band 21 LocusSupplementaryData q23 Apolipoprotein A2 is an apolipoprotein found in high density lipoprotein HDL cholesterol in Blood plasma plasma . It has an approximate molecular weight 17 Dalton unit KDa ref http emedicine.medscape.com article 121187 overview ref . References Reflist 2 External links MeshName Apolipoprotein A II gene 1 stub Lipoproteins Category Apolipoproteins ru A2 ... more details
PBB geneid 344 Apolipoprotein C2 or Apolipoprotein C II is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOC2 ... author Kim SY, Park SM, Lee ST title Apolipoprotein C II is a novel substrate for matrix metalloproteinases ... and early atherosclerosis . ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene APOC2 apolipoprotein C II ... Interactive pathway map StatinPathway WP430 highlight APOC2 See also Apolipoprotein C References reflist ..., Gotto AM title Primary structure of very low density apolipoprotein C II of human plasma. journal ... of apolipoprotein CII. journal Eur. J. Biochem. volume 205 issue 1 pages 223 31 year 1992 pmid 1555583 ..., et al. title An apolipoprotein CII mutation, CIILys19 Thr identified in patients with hyperlipidemia ... C, Capurso A, Pepe G title Identification of the mutation responsible for a case of plasmatic apolipoprotein ... author Wei CF, Tsao YK, Robberson DL, et al. title The structure of the human apolipoprotein C ... of 5 homologous sequences among apolipoprotein genes. journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 260 issue ... al. title A nonsense mutation in the apolipoprotein C IIPadova gene in a patient with apolipoprotein ... and genomic clones for apolipoprotein C II. journal Meth. Enzymol. volume 128 issue pages 788 ... in the ApoC II gene ApoC II Nijmegen of a patient with a deficiency of apolipoprotein C II. journal ... Fojo SS, Beisiegel U, Beil U, et al. title Donor splice site mutation in the apolipoprotein Apo C II ... PW, Maguire GF, Hofmann T, Little JA title Structure of apolipoprotein C IIToronto, a nonfunctional human apolipoprotein. journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume 84 issue 1 pages 270 3 year 1987 ..., Brewer HB, Khan SA title Human plasma apolipoprotein C II total solid phase synthesis and chemical ... Das HK, Jackson CL, Miller DA, et al. title The human apolipoprotein C II gene sequence contains a novel ... JA title Apolipoprotein CIISt. Michael. Familial apolipoprotein CII deficiency associated with premature ... Apolipoprotein C II deficiency syndrome. Clinical features, lipoprotein characterization, lipase activity ... more details
PBB geneid 347 Apolipoprotein D is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOD gene . ref name pmid2439269 ... apolipoprotein D gene gene sequence, chromosome localization, and homology to the alpha 2u globulin ... apolipoprotein D cDNA journal J Biol Chem volume 261 issue 35 pages 16535 9 year 1987 month Jan pmid 3453108 pmc doi ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene APOD apolipoprotein D url http ... Apolipoprotein D Apo D is a component of high density lipoprotein that has no marked similarity to other apolipoprotein sequences. It has a high degree of homology to plasma retinol binding protein .... ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene APOD apolipoprotein D url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites ..., Riepe F, Brooks JD, Holterhus PM title Apolipoprotein D APOD is a putative biomarker of androgen receptor ... Carmo S, et al. title Apolipoprotein D. journal Biochim. Biophys. Acta volume 1482 issue 1 2 pages 185 98 year 2000 pmid 11058760 doi cite journal author Peitsch MC, Boguski MS title Is apolipoprotein ... pmid 2083249 doi cite journal author Balb n M, Freije JM, Fueyo A, et al. title Apolipoprotein D is the major ... Drayna D, Scott JD, Lawn R title Multiple RFLPs at the human apolipoprotein D APOD locus. journal ... plasma proteins lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase and apolipoprotein D using HPLC electrospray ..., Gu ZW, Blanco Vaca F, et al. title Structure of human apolipoprotein D locations of the intermolecular ... B title The human lacrimal gland synthesizes apolipoprotein D mRNA in addition to tear prealbumin ... Zeng C, Spielman AI, Vowels BR, et al. title A human axillary odorant is carried by apolipoprotein D ... Liu Z, Chang GQ, Leibowitz SF title Apolipoprotein D interacts with the long form leptin receptor a hypothalamic ... Expression pattern of the lipocalin apolipoprotein D during mouse embryogenesis. journal Mech. Dev. volume ... author Mahadik SP, Khan MM, Evans DR, Parikh VV title Elevated plasma level of apolipoprotein D ... HC, Evans RM, et al. title Genetic variation in apolipoprotein D affects the risk of Alzheimer ... more details
PBB geneid 345 Apolipoprotein C III is a very low density lipoprotein VLDL . APOC3 inhibits lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase it is thought to inhibit hepatic uptake ref cite journal unused data Epub ... Density Lipoprotein and Low Density Lipoprotein Containing Apolipoprotein C III and Not Other Small ... doi 10.3132 dvdr.2007.030 ref Interactive pathway map StatinPathway WP430 highlight Apolipoprotein C3 See also Apolipoprotein C External links MeshName Apolipoprotein C III References reflist Further ... M title Apolipoprotein C III Lys58 Glu . Identification of an apolipoprotein C III variant in a family ... of the human apolipoprotein A4 gene APOA4 . journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume ... 1988 pmid 3123586 cite journal author Karathanasis SK title Apolipoprotein multigene family tandem organization of human apolipoprotein AI, CIII, and AIV genes. journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. ... author Zannis VI, Cole FS, Jackson CL title Distribution of apolipoprotein A I, C II, C III, and E mRNA in fetal human tissues. Time dependent induction of apolipoprotein E mRNA by cultures of human ... Comparison of the human apolipoprotein genes. Apo AII presents a unique functional intron exon junction ... sequence of human plasma apolipoprotein C III from normolipidemic subjects. journal FEBS Lett. volume ... Brewer HB, Shulman R, Herbert P title The complete amino acid sequence of alanine apolipoprotein apoC 3 , and apolipoprotein from human plasma very low density lipoproteins. journal J. Biol. Chem ... Protter AA, Levy Wilson B, Miller J title Isolation and sequence analysis of the human apolipoprotein ... Dammerman M, Sandkuijl LA, Halaas JL title An apolipoprotein CIII haplotype protective against hypertriglyceridemia ... pmc 46552 cite journal author Wu JH, Kao JT, Wen MS, Lo SK title DNA polymorphisms at the apolipoprotein ... are required for the combined activation of the human apolipoprotein C III promoter by upstream stimulatory ... LR title Apolipoprotein C3 SstI polymorphism and triglyceride levels in Asian Indians. journal ... more details
PBB geneid 341 Apolipoprotein C I is a lipoprotein that in humans is encoded by the APOC1 gene . ref name pmid2985493 cite journal author Tata F, Henry I, Markham AF, Wallis SC, Weil D, Grzeschik KH, Junien C, Williamson R, Humphries SE title Isolation and characterisation of a cDNA clone for human apolipoprotein CI and assignment of the gene to chromosome 19 journal Hum. Genet. volume 69 issue 4 pages ... author Smit M, van der Kooij Meijs E, Frants RR, Havekes L, Klasen EC title Apolipoprotein gene ... of the apolipoprotein C family. This gene is expressed primarily in the liver, and it is activated when ... within an apolipoprotein gene cluster. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found ... cite web title Entrez Gene APOC1 apolipoprotein C I url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 341 accessdate ref Apolipoprotein C1 has a length of 57 amino acid ... charge of High density lipoprotein HDL molecules. During fasting like other apolipoprotein C ... DS title Thf complete amino acid sequence of C I apoLp Ser , an apolipoprotein from human very low ... doi cite journal author Lauer SJ, Walker D, Elshourbagy NA, et al. title Two copies of the human apolipoprotein C I gene are linked closely to the apolipoprotein E gene. journal J. Biol. Chem. volume ... author Davison PJ, Norton P, Wallis SC, et al. title There are two gene sequences for human apolipoprotein ... 86 90414 6 cite journal author Myklebost O, Rogne S title The gene for human apolipoprotein CI is located 4.3 kilobases away from the apolipoprotein E gene on chromosome 19. journal Hum. Genet. volume ... ME, Priestley LM, et al. title Characterisation of mRNAs encoding the precursor for human apolipoprotein ... GW, Cushley RJ title Conformation of two peptides corresponding to human apolipoprotein C I residues ... of the N terminal lipid associating domain of human apolipoprotein C I by CD and 1H NMR spectroscopy ... author Gautier T, Masson D, de Barros JP, et al. title Human apolipoprotein C I accounts for the ability ... more details
Pfam box Symbol ApoL Name Apolipoprotein L image width caption Pfam PF05461 InterPro IPR008405 SMART Prosite SCOP TCDB OPM family OPM protein PDB Apolipoprotein L Apo L belongs to the High density lipoprotein high density lipoprotein family that plays a central role in cholesterol transport. The cholesterol content of membranes is important in cellular processes such as modulating gene transcription and signal transduction both in the adult brain and during neurodevelopment . There are six apo L genes located in close proximity to each other on chromosome 22q12 in humans. 22q12 is a confirmed high susceptibility locus for schizophrenia and close to the region associated with velocardiofacial syndrome that includes symptoms of schizophrenia ref name PUB00011252 cite journal author Arai H, Mimmack ML, Ryan M, Baba H, Navarro ruiz J, Iritani S, Faull RL, Mckenna PJ, Jones PB, Starkey M, Emson PC, Bahn S title Gene expression analysis in schizophrenia reproducible up regulation of several members of the apolipoprotein L family located in a high susceptibility locus for schizophrenia on chromosome 22 journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume 99 issue 7 pages 4680 4685 year 2002 pmid 11930015 ref . Human proteins containing this domain APOL1 APOL2 APOL3 APOL4 APOL5 APOL6 APOLD1 References reflist InterPro content IPR008405 Category Apolipoproteins Category Protein domains Category Protein families ... more details
PBB geneid 338 Apolipoprotein B APOB or ApoB is the primary apolipoprotein of low density lipoprotein ... s. While it is unclear exactly what functional role APOB plays in LDL, it is the primary apolipoprotein ... cholesterol . ref Image Free text.png Transgenic mice that overexpress mouse apolipoprotein B. Evidence that the DNA sequences controlling intestinal expression of the apolipoprotein B gene are distant ... copies of the gene are not viable. ref Image Free text.png Knockout of the Mouse Apolipoprotein B Gene ... binding Apolipoprotein B, to a S. aureus autoinducer pheromone, preventing signaling through its receptor. Mice deficient in apolipoprotein B are more susceptible to invasive bacterial infection. ref ... AL, Otto M, Gresham HD. title Apolipoprotein B is an innate barrier against invasive Staphylococcus ... population using apolipoprotein B the Copenhagen City Heart Study. journal Arterioscler Thromb ... acids induce a marked reduction of apolipoprotein B48 when added to fluvastatin in patients with type ... content 8 1 1 Free Full Text ref Interactions Apolipoprotein B has been shown to Protein ... authorlink coauthors Herscovitz Haya year 2003 month Feb. title Nascent lipidated apolipoprotein B ... molecular chaperones interact with apolipoprotein B during its maturation. The network of endoplasmic reticulum resident chaperones ERp72, GRP94, calreticulin, and BiP interacts with apolipoprotein ... ref name pmid9694898 Interactive pathway map StatinPathway WP430 highlight Apolipoprotein B Regulation The Gene expression expression of APOB is regulated by cis regulatory element s in the Apolipoprotein ... first L coauthors Sidiropoulos KG, Adeli K year 2004 title Translational control of apolipoprotein ... produces apolipoprotein B48 in intestine journal Cell journal Cell volume 50 issue 6 pages 831 ... author Fujino T, Navaratnam N, Jarmuz A, von Haeseler A, Scott J title C U editing of apolipoprotein ... Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing is an intranuclear event that occurs posttranscriptionally coincident ... more details
PBB geneid 348 Apolipoprotein E APOE is a class of apolipoprotein found in the chylomicron and intermediate ... lipoprotein constituents. ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene APOE apolipoprotein E url http ... cite journal author Zhang HL, Wu J, Zhu J title The role of apolipoprotein e in guillain barr syndrome ... 19 in a cluster with Apolipoprotein C1 and the Apolipoprotein C2 . The APOE gene consists of four ... beta amyloid . Apolipoprotein E enhances proteolytic break down of this peptide, both within ... GW, Roses AD, Haines JL, Pericak Vance MA title Gene dose of apolipoprotein E type 4 allele and the risk ... KE title Protective effect of apolipoprotein E type 2 allele for late onset Alzheimer disease journal ... 00004 url pmc 2849981 ref Interactive pathway map StatinPathway WP430 highlight Apolipoprotein E References ... GJ. title Structural basis for the recognition and cross linking of amyloid fibrils by human apolipoprotein ... jbc.M706425200 PBB Further reading citations cite journal author Mahley RW title Apolipoprotein ... WJ, Roses AD title Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer disease. journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. ... of apolipoprotein E and its influence on plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels. journal Hum. Mutat. volume ... Roses AD, Einstein G, Gilbert J, et al. title Morphological, biochemical, and genetic support for an apolipoprotein ... Remnant lipoprotein metabolism key pathways involving cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans and apolipoprotein ... journal author Mahley RW, Rall SC title Apolipoprotein E far more than a lipid transport protein ... T title The apolipoprotein E gene, attention, and brain function. journal Neuropsychology volume 16 ... author Bocksch L, Stephens T, Lucas A, Singh B title Apolipoprotein E possible therapeutic target ... cite journal author Huang Y, Weisgraber KH, Mucke L, Mahley RW title Apolipoprotein E diversity of cellular ... doi 10.1196 annals.1297.003 cite journal author Kolovou GD, Anagnostopoulou KK title Apolipoprotein ... cite journal author Raber J title Role of apolipoprotein E in anxiety. journal Neural Plast. volume ... more details
PBB geneid 346 Apolipoprotein C IV , also known as apolipoprotein C4 , is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOC4 gene . ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene apolipoprotein C IV url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 346 accessdate ref ref name pmid8530039 cite journal author Allan CM, Walker D, Segrest JP, Taylor JM title Identification and characterization of a new human gene APOC4 in the apolipoprotein E, C I, and C II gene locus journal Genomics volume 28 issue 2 pages 291 300 year 1995 month July pmid 8530039 doi 10.1006 geno.1995.1144 url issn ref Function Apolipoprotein apo C4 gene is a member of the apolipoprotein C gene family. It is expressed in the liver and has a predicted protein structure characteristic of the other genes in this family. Apo C4 is a 3.3 kb gene consisting of 3 exons and 2 introns it is located 0.5 kb 5 to the APOC2 gene. ref name entrez References reflist Further reading refbegin 2 cite journal author Kim E, Li K, Lieu C, et al. title Expression of apolipoprotein C IV is regulated by Ku antigen peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma complex and correlates with liver steatosis. journal J. Hepatol. volume 49 issue 5 pages 787 98 year 2008 pmid 18809223 doi 10.1016 j.jhep.2008.06.029 cite journal author Burkhardt R, Kenny EE, Lowe JK, et al. title Common SNPs in HMGCR in micronesians and whites associated with LDL cholesterol levels affect alternative splicing of exon13. journal Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. volume 28 issue 11 pages 2078 84 year 2008 pmid 18802019 doi 10.1161 ATVBAHA.108.172288 cite journal author Willer CJ, Sanna S, Jackson AU, et al. title Newly identified ... BA, Desrumaux C, et al. title Regulated expression of the apolipoprotein E C I C IV C II gene ... variation in human apolipoprotein C4 gene and its effect on plasma lipid profile. journal Atherosclerosis ... on plasma lipid and apolipoprotein levels in CARDIA participants. journal Arterioscler. Thromb ... more details
PBB geneid 335 Apolipoprotein A I is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOA1 gene . ref name ..., Karathanasis SK, Zannis VI title Isolation and characterization of cDNA clones for human apolipoprotein ... author Arinami T, Hirano T, Kobayashi K, Yamanouchi Y, Hamaguchi H title Assignment of the apolipoprotein ... issn ref It has a specific role in lipid metabolism . Apolipoprotein A I is the major protein component ..., Kawai C title Serum prostacyclin stabilizing factor is identical to apolipoprotein A I Apo A I . A novel ... title Entrez Gene APOA1 apolipoprotein A I url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch ... R, Hegele RA, Pajukanta P, Engert JC, Genest J, Marcil M title A novel nonsense apolipoprotein A I ... known molecular abnormality of apolipoprotein s. ref name pmid6785551 cite journal ... apolipoprotein A I a study of secondary structural and functional properties journal J. Lipid Res. volume ... cite journal author Chiesa G, Sirtori CR title Apolipoprotein A I Milano current perspectives journal ... Apolipoprotein AI CIII AIV gene cluster Lately, two novel susceptibility haplotypes i.e. P2 S2 X1 ... Maezawa I, Jin LW, Woltjer RL, Maeda N, Martin GM, Montine TJ, Montine KS title Apolipoprotein E isoforms and apolipoprotein AI protect from amyloid precursor protein carboxy terminal fragment associated ... joint meniscus is formed from apolipoprotein A I journal Arthritis Rheum. volume 54 issue 11 pages ... J, Liao XL, Lou B, Wu MP title Role of apolipoprotein A I in protecting against endotoxin toxicity ... M, Oxley D, Leweke FM, Bahn S title Independent protein profiling studies show a decrease in apolipoprotein ... I Apolipoprotein A I and APOE interact epistatically to modulate triglyceride levels in Coronary ... A, Haas MJ, Wong NC, Steinmeyer A, Zugel U, Mooradian AD title Inhibition of apolipoprotein AI ... pmid 12801612 doi 10.1016 S0021 9150 03 00094 7 ref Potential Binding Partners Apolipoprotein A 1 ... for this interaction is unknown. Interactions Apolipoprotein A1 has been shown to Protein protein ... more details
PBB geneid 350 Apolipoprotein H Apo H , previously known as sub 2 sub glycoprotein I, beta 2 glycoprotein I , is a multifunctional apolipoprotein . One of its functions is to bind cardiolipin . When bound the structure of cardiolipin and Apo H both undergo large changes in structure. ref name pmid7586693 cite journal author Borchman D, Harris EN, Pierangeli SS, Lamba OP title Interactions and molecular structure of cardiolipin and beta 2 glycoprotein 1 beta 2 GP1 journal Clin. Exp. Immunol. volume 102 issue 2 pages 373 8 year 1995 pmid 7586693 doi 10.1111 j.1365 2249.1995.tb03792.x pmc 1553418 ref Within the structure of Apo H is a stretch of positively charged amino acids, protein sequence positions 282 287 Lys Asn Lys Glu Lys Lys, are involved in phospholipid binding See image on right . ref name pmid8871678 cite journal author Sheng Y, Sali A, Herzog H, Lahnstein J, Krilis SA title Site directed mutagenesis of recombinant human beta 2 glycoprotein I identifies a cluster of lysine residues that are critical for phospholipid binding and anti cardiolipin antibody activity journal J. Immunol. volume 157 issue 8 pages 3744 51 year 1996 pmid 8871678 doi ref Apo H has a complex involvement in agglutination, it appears to alter ADP mediated agglutenation of platlets. ref name pmid4082080 cite journal author Nimpf J, Wurm H, Kostner GM title Interaction of beta 2 glycoprotein I with human blood platelets influence upon the ADP induced aggregation journal Thromb. Haemost. volume 54 ... in autoimmune antiphospholipid syndrome requires apolipoprotein H. ref name pmid2349221 cite ... glycoprotein I apolipoprotein H journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume 87 issue 11 pages 4120 ... from antibodies that bind thrombin, serum phospholipids and are called anti apolipoprotein antibodies . In autoimmune disease, anti apolipoprotein antibodies Anti sub 2 sub glycoprotein I antibodies ... sclerosis . References Reflist 2 External links MeshName Apolipoprotein H Autoantigens Lipoproteins ... more details
Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Caption DiseasesDB 34399 ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM 107730 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D052476 Apolipoprotein B deficiency also known as Familial defective apolipoprotein B 100 is an autosomal dominant disorder resulting from a missense mutation which reduces the affinity of apoB 100 for the low density lipoprotein receptor LDL Receptor . This causes impairments in LDL catabolism, resulting in increased levels of low density lipoprotein in the blood. The clinical manifestations are similar to diseases produced by mutations of the LDL receptor, such as familial hypercholesterolemia . Treatment may include, niacin or statin or ezetimibe . ref name Harrison s cite book author Braunwald, Eugene Hauser, Stephen L. et al. title Harrison s Principles of Internal Medicine publisher McGraw hill location year 2001 pages 2246 2247 isbn 0 07 007272 8 oclc doi accessdate ref rp 534 It is also known as normotriglyceridemic hypobetalipoproteinemia . ref name pmid15984016 cite journal author Homer VM, George PM, du Toit S, Davidson JS, Wilson CJ title Mental retardation and ataxia due to normotriglyceridemic hypobetalipoproteinemia journal Ann. Neurol. volume 58 issue 1 pages 160 3 year 2005 month July pmid 15984016 doi 10.1002 ana.20531 ref See also Familial hypercholesterolemia References reflist medicine stub Lipid metabolism disorders Category Skin conditions resulting from errors in metabolism ... more details
AutoAbBox Autoantigen Apolipoprotein, br sub 2 sub Glycoprotein 1 OneIsoform Yes OneIsoformSpecialName Apolipoprotein H OneGene APOH OneOrgan Cardiovascular OneTissue serum OneCell blood platelets OneAlso serum proteins OneDisease Idiopathic Thrombosis , br Sclerosis medicine Sclerosis , br lupus erythematosus Systemic lupus erythematosus OneIgClass OneIgGSubclass OneHLA1 HLA DR4 DR4 HLA DQ3 DQ3 OneHLA2 HLA DR53 DR53 OneHLA3 DRB1 0402 DR4 OneAssociatedGene OneTCellRestr OneTrigger In autoimmune disease, anti apolipoprotein H AAHA antibodies, also called anti sub 2 sub glycoprotein I antibodies, comprise a subset of anti cardiolipin antibodies and lupus anticoagulant . These antibodies are involved in sclerosis and are strongly associated with thrombotic forms of lupus. ref name pmid1782567 cite journal author Viard JP, Amoura Z, Bach JF title Anti beta 2 glycoprotein I antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus a marker of thrombosis associated with a circulating anticoagulant language French journal C. R. Acad. Sci. III, Sci. Vie volume 313 issue 13 pages 607 12 year 1991 pmid 1782567 doi ref . As a result AAHA are strongly implicated in autoimmune deep vein thrombosis . Also, it was proposed that AAHA is responsible for lupus anticoagulant . However, antiphospholipid syndrome antiphospholipid antibodies bind phospholipids at sites similar to sites bound by anti coagulants such as PAP1 sites and augment anti coagulation activity ref name pmid1372614 cite journal author Sammaritano LR, Gharavi AE, Soberano C, Levy RA, Lockshin MD title Phospholipid binding of antiphospholipid antibodies and placental anticoagulant protein journal J. Clin. Immunol. volume 12 issue 1 pages 27 35 year 1992 pmid 1372614 doi 10.1007 BF00918270 ref . This contrasts with the major, specific ... activities. Image Apolipoprotein H.png thumb 150px left structure of Apolipoprotein H AAHA interferes ... reflist Autoantibodies DEFAULTSORT Anti Apolipoprotein Antibodies Category Antibodies Category Autoimmune ... more details
Rfam box acc RF00463 description Apolipoprotein B apoB 5 UTR cis regulatory element abbreviation ApoB 5 CRE avg length 124.70 avg identity 96.00 type Cis reg se PMID 15157107 ss Published PMID 15157107 release 10.0 The apolipoprotein B apoB 5 UTR cis regulatory element is an cis regulatory element RNA element located in the 5 UTR of the human apoB mRNA . This structured element increases translation of the apoB protein or a reporter gene. ref cite journal last Pontrelli first L coauthors Sidiropoulos KG, Adeli K year 2004 title Translational control of apolipoprotein B mRNA regulation via cis elements in the 5 and 3 untranslated regions journal Biochemistry volume 43 pages 6734&ndash 6744 pmid 15157107 doi 10.1021 bi049887s issue 21 ref References reflist 1 External links Rfam id RF00463 name Apolipoprotein B apoB 5 UTR cis regulatory element Category Cis regulatory RNA elements molecular cell biology stub ... more details
Author P.Deitiker Crystal structure of Apo H showing charges on the surface blue positively charged side chains, red negatively charged side chains . Derived from PDB 1C1Z , illustrated and false coloration with Cn3D 4.1, final modifications with MS Paint. Reference Schwarzenbacher R, Zeth K, Diederichs K, Gries A, Kostner GM, Laggner P, Prassl R Crystal structure of human beta2 glycoprotein I implications for phospholipid binding and the antiphospholipid syndrome EMBO J. v18, p.6228 6239 PMID 10562535 PD self date February 2009 ... more details
Apoprotein can refer to Apoenzyme , the protein part of an enzyme without its characteristic prosthetic group . Apolipoprotein , a lipid binding protein that is a constituent of the plasma lipoprotein . disambig ja ... more details
APOE may refer to Apolipoprotein E , a main apoprotein of the chylomicron. Professional Oklahoma Educators , an organization in Oklahoma formerly known as the Association of Professional Oklahoma Educators or APOE. disambig ... more details
IDL . Fifty percent of IDLs are recognized by receptors in the liver cells because of the apolipoprotein B apolipoprotein B 100 apoB 100 and apoE they contain and are endocytosis endocytosed ..., they become LDL, with apoB 100 as the primary apolipoprotein. The LDL is taken into a cell ... more details
of triglycerides 85 and contain some cholesterol and cholesteryl ester s. The main apolipoprotein component is Apolipoprotein B apolipoprotein B 48 APOB48 . Mature chylomicron While circulating in lymph ... Apolipoprotein C2 apolipoprotein C II APOC2 and apolipoprotein E APOE to the nascent chylomicron ... more details
PBB geneid 116519 Apolipoprotein A V is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOA5 gene . ref name pmid11588264 cite journal author Len A. Pennacchio Pennacchio LA , Olivier M, Hubacek JA, Cohen JC, Cox DR, Fruchart JC, Krauss RM, Rubin EM title An apolipoprotein influencing triglycerides in humans ... title Apolipoprotein A V a novel apolipoprotein associated with an early phase of liver regeneration ... jbc.M106888200 ref ref name entrez 116519 cite web title Entrez Gene APOA5 apolipoprotein A V ... ref The protein encoded by this gene is an apolipoprotein and an important determinant of plasma triglyceride ... Nilsson SK, Christensen S, Raarup MK, Ryan RO, Nielsen MS, Olivecrona G title Endocytosis of apolipoprotein ... proximal to the apolipoprotein gene cluster on chromosome 11q23. ref name entrez 116519 Interactive pathway map StatinPathway WP430 highlight APOA5 See also Apolipoprotein References reflist ... LA , Rubin EM title Apolipoprotein A5, a newly identified gene that affects plasma triglyceride ... M, Helleboid Chapman A, et al. title Is apolipoprotein A5 a novel regulator of triglyceride rich lipoproteins ... Wong K, Ryan RO title Characterization of apolipoprotein A V structure and mode of plasma triacylglycerol ... independent apolipoprotein A5 haplotypes influence human plasma triglyceride levels. journal Hum ... Dac N, Gervois P, Jakel H, et al. title Apolipoprotein A5, a crucial determinant of plasma triglyceride ... cite journal author Prieur X, Coste H, Rodriguez JC title The human apolipoprotein AV gene is regulated ... al. title Structure and interfacial properties of human apolipoprotein A V. journal J. Biol. Chem. volume ... Hor nek A, Vr bl k M, Ceska R, et al. title T 1131 C polymorphism within the apolipoprotein AV ... DD, et al. title Structure function studies of human apolipoprotein A V a regulator of plasma lipid ... in the apolipoprotein A5 gene is associated with hypertriglyceridemia. journal Hum. Mol. Genet. volume ... M, Hor nek A, Ceska R, et al. title Ser19 Trp polymorphism within the apolipoprotein AV gene in hypertriglyceridaemic ... more details
orphan date December 2008 PBB geneid 55937 Apolipoprotein M is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOM gene . ref name pmid10531326 cite journal author Xu N, Dahlback B title A novel human apolipoprotein apoM journal J Biol Chem volume 274 issue 44 pages 31286 90 year 1999 month Dec pmid 10531326 pmc doi 10.1074 jbc.274.44.31286 ref ref name pmid11418126 cite journal author Duan J, Dahlback B, Villoutreix BO title Proposed lipocalin fold for apolipoprotein M based on bioinformatics and site ... apolipoprotein M url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch ... is an apolipoprotein and member of the lipocalin protein family. It is found associated with high ... cite web title Entrez Gene APOM apolipoprotein M url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ... of apolipoprotein M in HepG2 cells. journal Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. volume 292 issue ..., Dong X, Zheng L, et al. title Specific tissue expression and cellular localization of human apolipoprotein ... S, Shih DQ, Pearson ER, et al. title Regulation of apolipoprotein M gene expression by MODY3 gene hepatocyte nuclear factor 1alpha haploinsufficiency is associated with reduced serum apolipoprotein ... author Zhang XY, Jiao GQ, Hurtig M, et al. title Expression pattern of apolipoprotein M during ... cite journal author Xu N, Nilsson Ehle P, Ahr n B title Correlation of apolipoprotein M with leptin ... X, et al. title Leptin inhibits apolipoprotein M transcription and secretion in human hepatoma ... polymorphisms in the proximal promoter region of apolipoprotein M gene apoM confer the susceptibility ... C, Nielsen LB, Axler O, et al. title Isolation and characterization of human apolipoprotein M containing ... Characterization of apolipoprotein M isoforms in low density lipoprotein. journal J. Proteome Res ... Xu X, Ye Q, Xu N, et al. title Effects of ischemia reperfusion injury on apolipoprotein M expression ... Hydrophobic ligand binding properties of the human lipocalin apolipoprotein M. journal J. Lipid ... more details
PBB geneid 337 Apolipoprotein A IV also known as apoA IV, apoAIV, or apoA4 is plasma protein that is the product ... P, Haddad IA, Antonarakis SE title Structure, evolution, and polymorphisms of the human apolipoprotein ... Structure and expression of the human apolipoprotein A IV gene journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 262 ... CC, Li WH, Moore MN, Chan L title Structure and evolution of the apolipoprotein multigene family ... in vitro. ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene APOA4 apolipoprotein A IV url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ... A, Funke H, Schulte M, et al. title Nonsynonymous polymorphic sites in the apolipoprotein apo A IV ... basis of a unique African variant A IV 5 of human apolipoprotein A IV and its significance in lipid ... of human plasma apolipoprotein A IV. apoA IV 1 Thr347 Ser , apoA IV 0 Lys167 Glu,Gln360 His , and apoA ... 1677358 doi cite journal author Tenkanen H, Koskinen P, Metso J, et al. title A novel polymorphism of apolipoprotein ... basis for two rare variants of apolipoprotein A IV 1. journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 265 issue 21 ... al. title The mutation causing the common apolipoprotein A IV polymorphism is a glutamine to histidine ... Lohse P, Kindt MR, Rader DJ, Brewer HB title Genetic polymorphism of human plasma apolipoprotein A IV is due to nucleotide substitutions in the apolipoprotein A IV gene. journal J. Biol. Chem. volume ... al. title The primary structure of human apolipoprotein A IV. journal Biochim. Biophys. Acta volume ... DW, Boguski MS, et al. title The nucleotide and derived amino acid sequence of human apolipoprotein ... of apolipoprotein A IV among lipoproteins of human plasma. journal J. Lipid Res. volume 28 issue ... title Structure, evolution, and tissue specific synthesis of human apolipoprotein AIV. journal Biochemistry ... author Karathanasis SK title Apolipoprotein multigene family tandem organization of human apolipoprotein ... H, Sandholzer C, et al. title Apolipoprotein A IV polymorphism in the Hungarian population gene frequencies ... G, Caillaud JM, et al. title Protection against atherogenesis in mice mediated by human apolipoprotein ... more details
Summary Mechanism behind lipid accumulation in liver cells. TNF tumor necrosis fator alpha, NF nuclear factor, IRS insulin receptor substrate, apoB apolipoprotein B MTTP microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. I created using Corel draw and used free illustrations from wikipedia and wikicommons. A vector graphic version is also available at wikicommons http commons.wikimedia.org wiki Image Steatosis.svg Licensing PD self date May 2007 ... more details
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