Taxobox name Apodida image Synaptula lamberti.JPG image width 250px image caption Medusa worms, Synaptula lamberti regnum Animal ia phylum Echinodermata classis Holothuroidea subclassis Apodacea ordo Apodida subdivision ranks Family biology Families subdivision Family Chiridotidae Family Myriotrochidae Family Synaptidae File Chirodota heheva.jpg thumb Chirodota heheva The Apodida is an order biology order of littoral to deep sea, largely infaunal Holothuroidea holothurians . This order comprises three families, 32 genus genera and about 270 known species , called apodids . Characteristics Members of this order have a circum oral ring and tentacle s, but do not have tube feet or radial canal s. They are worm like in form, adapted for burrowing through the sediment in a fashion similar to earthworm s. The absence of tube feet gives the order its name, Apodida meaning without feet . They also lack the complex respiratory trees found in other sea cucumbers, and respiration respire and excrete nitrogenous waste through their skin. References cite book author Barnes, Robert D. year 1982 title Invertebrate Zoology publisher Holt Saunders International location Philadelphia, PA pages 981 996 isbn 0 03 056747 5 Category Holothuroidea Echinoderm stub de Apodida es Apodida ... more details
Taxobox name Achistrum regnum Animal ia phylum Echinoderm ata classis Holothuroidea ordo Apodida familia Achistridae genus Achistrum Achistrum is an extinct genus of sea cucumber which existed in Poland during the Triassic period, and the United States during the Carboniferous period. ref http app.pan.pl archive published app16 app16 429.pdf Triassic Holothurian Sclerites from Tatra Mountains Krystyna Zawidzka. ref It contains the species Achistrum nicholsoni and Achistrum ludwigi . References Reflist echinoderm stub Category Prehistoric invertebrates ... more details
Taxobox regnum Animal ia phylum Echinoderm ata classis Sea cucumber Holothuroidea ordo Apodida familia Theelidae genus Acanthotheelia genus authority Frizzell & Exline, 1955 type species Acanthotheelia spinosa type species authority Frizzell & Exline, 1955 Acanthotheelia is an extinct genus of sea cucumber which existed in Poland during the Triassic period. ref cite journal author Krystyna Zawidzka year 1974 title Triassic Holothurian Sclerites from Tatra Mountains journal Acta Palaeontologica Polonica volume 16 issue 4 pages 429 450 url http app.pan.pl archive published app16 app16 429.pdf format Portable Document Format PDF ref It contains the species Acanthotheelia spinosa , Acanthotheelia spiniperjorata , and Acanthotheelia anisica . References Reflist Category Holothuroidea Category Prehistoric invertebrates echinoderm stub ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Taxobox name Polycheira image Polycheira rufescens murasakikurumanamako1.jpg image width 250px image caption Polycheira rufescens regnum Animal ia phylum Echinodermata classis Holothuroidea subclassis Apodacea ordo Apodida familia Chiridotidae genus Polycheira genus authority Eschscholtz, 1829 subdivision ranks Species subdivision see text. Polycheira is a genus of holothuria ns sea cucumbers found in tropical Indo Pacific . A curious pattern of reproduction has been found in Polycheira rufescens , where specimens change their sex from male to female and from female to male in a reproductive season ref Arakaki,S. et al.,Sex change and spatial distribution pattern in an intertidal holothurian Polycheira rufescens in the reproductive season. Res. Popul. Ecol. 1999, vol. 41, No 3 ref Systematics Polycheira appear to be closely related to the genus Chiridota both belong to the subfamily Chiridotinae . ref Kerr,A.M. Phylogeny of the Apodan Holothurians Echinodermata inferred from morphology. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2001 , 133 ref The type species of the genus is Polycheira rufescens Brandt, 1835 . Species include ref http www.marinespecies.org aphia.php?p taxdetails&id 206622 MarineSpecies.org Polycheira Bot generated title ref Polycheira fusca Polycheira rufescens Chirodota rufescens Polycheira vitiensis References reflist Category Holothuroidea echinoderm stub ... more details
Taxobox name Molpadiida image image width 250px image caption regnum Animalia phylum Echinodermata classis Holothuroidea subclassis Apodacea ordo Molpadiida classis authority Ernst Haeckel Haeckel , 1896 subdivision ranks Families subdivision Caudinidae br Geophyrothuriidae br Molpadiidae Molpadiida is an order biology order of Holothuroidea sea cucumber s. Unlike other sea cucumbers, their hind body is narrowed to form a distinct tail. Although they possess tentacles around the mouth derived from the water vascular system , they have no true tube feet , and are therefore believed to be related to the Apodida . Like their relatives, they are adapted for burrowing into soft sediment, but they are relatively sedentary, rarely moving once they have excavated their burrow. Their burrow is U shaped, with the animal s tentacles projecting from one end. References cite book author Barnes, Robert D. year 1982 title Invertebrate Zoology publisher Holt Saunders International location Philadelphia, PA page 996 isbn 0 03 056747 5 Category Holothuroidea echinoderm stub es Molpadiida ... more details
nofootnotes date April 2011 one source date April 2011 Taxobox name Synaptidae image Synaptula lamperti Sea cucumber .jpg image caption Synaptula lamberti on a sponge regnum Animal ia phylum Echinodermata classis Holothuroidea ia subclassis Apodacea ordo Apodida familia Synaptidae Burmeister, 1837 Synaptidae is a family of Holothuroidea sea cucumber that have no tube feet , tentacle ampullae, retractor muscles, respiratory trees, or cuvierian organs. They also lack radial canals of the water vascular system , with only the circumoral ring present Lambert 1997 . Genera Anapta Semper, 1868 Chondrocloea Ostergren, 1898 Dactylapta Epitomapta Heding, 1928 Euapta stergren, 1898 Eupatinapta Labidoplax stergren, 1898 Leptosynapta Verrill, 1867 Oestergrenia Heding, 1931 Oncinolabes Opheodesoma Fisher, 1907 Patinapta Heding, 1928 Pendekaplectana Polyplectana Clark, 1907 Protankyra stergren, 1898 Rhabdomolgus Keferstein, 1863 Rynkatorpa Rowe & Pawson, 1967 Synapta Eschscholtz, 1829 Synaptula Oersted, 1849 References Lambert, P. 1997. Sea cucumbers of British Columbia, southeast Alaska and Puget Sound. Univ. of British Columbia Press, Vancouver. http www.marinespecies.org aphia.php?p taxdetails&id 123182 Category Holothuroidea Echinoderm stub ... more details
, but in the order Apodida , there may be as many as fifty. The radial canals run through notches in the calcareous ... possess ampullae. The Apodida, which have no tube feet, also have no radial canals, with the canals ... more details
and is also characterized by reduced or absent tube feet, as in the order Apodida . Citation needed ... to the presence of light. There are, however, a few exceptions members of the Apodida order are known ... more details
Image Oceanic basin.svg thumb right Diagrammatic cross section of an oceanic basin , showing the relationship of the abyssal plain to a Continental shelf Topography continental rise and an oceanic trench Image Oceanic divisions.svg thumb right Depiction of the abyssal zone in relation to other major oceanic zone s aquatic layer topics An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor , usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 meters. Lying generally between the foot of a Continental shelf Topography continental rise and a mid ocean ridge , abyssal plains cover more than 50 of the Earth s surface. ref name CRS2008 Cite journal author Craig R. Smith, Fabio C. De Leo, Angelo F. Bernardino, Andrew K. Sweetman, and Pedro Martinez Arbizu title Abyssal food limitation, ecosystem structure and climate change journal Trends in Ecology and Evolution volume 23 pages 518 528 year 2008 url http cmbc.ucsd.edu Students Current Students SIO277 Smith 20et 20al. 20TREE 202008.pdf pmid 18584909 issue 9 doi 10.1016 j.tree.2008.05.002 accessdate 18 June 2010 ref harv ref ref name Vino1997 Cite journal author N.G. Vinogradova title Zoogeography of the Abyssal and Hadal Zones journal Advances in Marine Biology volume 32 pages 325 387 year 1997 doi 10.1016 S0065 2881 08 60019 X url http www.sciencedirect.com science? ob ArticleURL& udi B7CTC 4SCV89F B& user 952824& coverDate 12 2F31 2F1997& rdoc 1& fmt high& orig search& sort d& docanchor &view c& acct C000049188& version 1& urlVersion 0& userid 952824&md5 f4a8eb58cdf38b670eba86639f69e528 accessdate 18 June 2010 ref harv ref They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth. ref name Weaver Cite book title Geology and Geochemistry of Abyssal Plains author1 P.P.E. Weaver author2 J. Thomson author3 P. M. Hunter year 1987 publisher Blackwell Scientific Publications location Oxford page x isbn 0 632 01744 9 url http sp.lyellcollection.org cgi issue pdf frontmatter pdf 31 1.pdf accessdate 18 June ... more details
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