Image Aperture card.JPG 400px right An aperturecard is a type of punched card with a cut out window into which a chip of microform microfilm is mounted. Such a card is used for archive archiving or for making multiple inexpensive copies of a document for ease of distribution. The card is typically punched with machine readable metadata associated with the microfilm image, and printed across the top of the card for visual identification. The microfilm chip is most commonly 35mm in height, and contains ... paper first Ed last LoTurco title The Engineering ApertureCard Still Active, Still Vital publisher ... sorted by drawing number or other punched data using a IBM 80 series Card Sorters card sorter . Machines are now available that Image scanner scan aperture cards and produce a digital version. ref For example, this aperturecard scanner from http www.oceusa.com main product detail.jsp?FOLDER 3C 3Efolder id 1408474395186237&PRODUCT 3C 3Eprd id 845524441761057 Oce ref Aperturecard plotters are machines that use a laser to create the image on the film. ref For example, this aperturecard plotter ... drawing , that is the focus of the archiving process. Aperture cards have several advantages ..., sort, duplicate, create, and digitize cards with a high level of automation. While many aperture ... systems. Usage Aperture cards are used for engineering drawings from all engineering disciplines. The U.S. Department of Defense once made extensive use of aperture cards, and some are still in use, but most ... use of aperture cards ref Information about the drawing, for example the drawing number, could be both punched and printed on the remainder of the card. With the proper machinery, this allows for automated ... and a light source. Advantages Aperture cards have, for archival purposes, some advantages over digital ... format of Aperture cards from WIPO . http www.green sheet.net tutorial2.6.htm Detailed information regarding duplicating microforms and aperture cards References Reflist Category Archival science Category ... more details
other uses Image Aperures.jpg thumb A large 1 and a small 2 aperture Image Aperture in Canon 50mm f1.8 II lens.jpg thumb right Aperture mechanism of Canon 50mm f 1.8 II lens Image ApertureDefn1707.png right thumb 244px Definitions of Aperture in the 1707 Glossographia Anglicana Nova ref Thomas Blount .... Gregory, Mr. Lock, Mr. Evelyn, Mr. Dryden, Mr. Blunt, &c. , London, 1707. ref In optics , an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. More specifically, the aperture of an optical ... optics focus in the image plane . The aperture determines how collimated the admitted rays are, which is of great importance for the appearance at the image plane. If an aperture is narrow, then highly collimated rays are admitted, resulting in a sharp focus at the image plane. If an aperture ... focal length. This means that a wide aperture results in an image that is sharp around what the lens is focusing on and blurred otherwise. The aperture also determines how many of the incoming rays are actually admitted and thus how much light reaches the image plane the narrower the aperture, the darker ... , and the aperture stop is the stop that determines the ray cone angle, or equivalently the brightness, at an image point. In some contexts, especially in photography and astronomy , aperture refers to the diameter of the aperture stop rather than the physical stop or the opening itself. For example, in a telescope the aperture stop is typically the edges of the objective lens or mirror or of the mount that holds it . One then speaks of a telescope as having, for example, a 100 centimeter aperture . Note that the aperture stop is not necessarily the smallest stop in the system. Magnification and demagnification by lenses and other elements can cause a relatively large stop to be the aperture stop for the system. Sometimes stops and diaphragms are called apertures, even when they are not the aperture stop of the system. The word aperture is also used in other contexts to indicate a system ... more details
other uses Aperture disambiguation Infobox Software developer Apple Inc. logo Image Aperture Icon.png 64px 64px Apple Aperture screenshot Image Apple Aperture.png 270px Aperture caption Aperture 3, demonstrating ... Proprietary website http www.apple.com aperture Apple Aperture Homepage Aperture is a photo editing ... 2005 12 aperture.html title Macworld Aperture 1.0.1 Review publisher Macworld.com date 2005 12 26 ... nl app aperture id408981426?mt 12 title Aperture in de Mac App Store publisher Itunes.apple.com ... slideshow s, and printing photographs. Features of Aperture include non destructive editing , organization ... , Facebook , SmugMug , and Apple s MobileMe service. Aperture 3, the latest version of the software ... Mac App Store ref cite web url http itunes.apple.com us app aperture id408981426?mt 12 title Aperture ... in place on import or migrated into the Aperture library. RAW Fine Tune, allowing version of RAW ... USB and Firewire memory card readers or directly from a camera connected via USB. Ability to simultaneously ... FTP or Webdav . Full featured full screen mode, for editing and sorting images. Aperture 2.0 Aperture ... first Russ url http www.macworld.com article 132459 2008 03 aperture2.html title Macworld Aperture ... for editing plug ins, including Apple s own dodging and burning tool Aperture 2.1 . ref cite web url http www.apple.com aperture resources plugins.html title Aperture Resources Plug ins publisher Apple.com date accessdate 2011 02 15 ref Aperture 3.0 Aperture 3.0 was released on February 9, 2010 ref cite web url http www.prnewswire.com news releases apple releases aperture 3 83877837.html title Apple ... version of Aperture to require an Intel based Macintosh computer previous versions could ... the main enhancements as follows ref cite web url http www.apple.com aperture features title ... Custom Aperture presets for download publisher Aperturepresets.tumblr.com date 2011 01 23 accessdate ... and stamp, image export, versions created using an external editor. 1.5.3 April 19, 2007 Aperture 1.5.3 ... more details
wiktionarypar aperture An aperture is an opening, in particular one whose size determines what can or cannot pass through. The term can in particular refer to Aperture of an optical system, the opening that limits the amount of light that can pass through Aperture computer memory , a region of the physical address space that opens access to a particular device or memory unit Aperture synthesis Synthetic aperture , a method in radioastronomy and radar measurements Aperture antenna , a physical parameter of an antenna Aperture mollusc , the main opening in the shell of a gastropod or scaphopod mollusc Aperture botany , a weaker spot in the wall of a pollen grain Aperture magazine , a long running art photography magazine Aperture software , an image organization and editing program for photographers, sold by Apple Inc. Aperture surgery , the opening providing access into a patient s body, created by spreading apart the margins of an incision Aperture typography , an enclosed loop in a typographical symbol such as the lower part of the letter a Do not add Aperture Science here. It is not ambiguous with aperture . Per WP MOSDAB , it does not belong on this disambiguation page. See also Aperture problem , an ambiguity of motion direction Aperture grille , a prominent cathode ray tube display technology Numerical aperture is a parameter used to describe optical systems Do not add Aperture Science here. It s not notable enough to have its own article, and so does not belong on a dab page. disambig bg cs Clona rozcestn k de Apertur Begriffskl rung nl Apertura ru uk ... more details
, which has a large aperture and a pronounced parietal callus . The aperture is an opening in certain ... emerges for locomotion, feeding, etc. The term aperture is used for the main opening in gastropod ... a main anterior aperture and a smaller posterior aperture. As well as the aperture, some gastropod shells ... called orifices. In gastropods In some prosobranch gastropods, the aperture of the shell can be closed, and even completely sealed, with a sort of door or operculum gastropod operculum . The aperture ... roughly to the cross section of the body whorl of the shell. The aperture of a snail shell can have many other forms semicircular, trilobate or auriculate . In some gastropods, the aperture is narrowed ... to predation. Terminology For convenience of reference, the margin of a gastropod aperture ... of the shell Shape Shape of the aperture can be bean for example Aerotrochus perdepressa ref http www.discoverlife.org mp 20q?act x show state&guide Molluscs&character Aperture shape&state Bean Aperture ... conspersula ref http www.discoverlife.org mp 20q?act x show state&guide Molluscs&character Aperture shape&state Crescent Aperture shape Crescent . accessed 3 January 2011. ref half moon example Alcadia citrinolabris ref http www.discoverlife.org mp 20q?act x show state&guide Molluscs&character Aperture shape&state Half moon Aperture shape Half moon . accessed 3 January 2011. ref oval or teardrop ... Molluscs&character Aperture shape&state Oval or teardrop Aperture shape Oval or teardrop . accessed 3 January 2011. ref gallery File Indrella ampulla shell.jpg Indrella ampulla has an oval aperture ... state&guide Molluscs&character Aperture shape&state Round Aperture shape Round . accessed 3 January 2011. ref gallery File Valvata sincera shell lateral.jpg Valvata sincera has a rounded aperture. File Valvata piscinalis drawing apertural view.jpg rounded aperture of Valvata piscinalis can be covered ... griffithii ref http www.discoverlife.org mp 20q?act x show state&guide Molluscs&character Aperture ... more details
Orphan date September 2008 Dynamic aperture is a term in acoustics used very much like aperture in photography. The arrays in side scan sonar can be programmed to transmit just a few elements at a time or all the elements at once. The more elements transmitting, the narrower the beam and the better the Audio bit depth resolution . The ratio of the aperture size to the imaging depth is known as the F number. Dynamic aperture is keeping this number constant by growing the aperture with the imaging depth until the physical aperture cannot be increased. A modern medical ultrasound machine has a typical F number of 0.5. Side Scan Sonar systems produce images by forming angular beams . Beam width is determined by length of the sonar array, narrower beams resolve finer detail. Longer arrays with narrower beams provide finer spatial resolution. Missing image removed Image beam.jpg Category Acoustics physics stub ... more details
photography a user would select a small aperture when photographing a waterfall , hoping ... might choose to open the lens to its maximum aperture in hopes of getting enough light for a good exposure. In addition, aperture priority mode allows the photographer to force the camera to operate the lens at its optimum apertures within its aperture range for a given focal length of the lens ... aperture. See also Mode dial Shutter priority DEFAULTSORT Aperture Priority Category Photography ... th Aperture priority zh ... more details
Image Angular aperture.svg right The angular aperture of a thin lens with focal point at F and an aperture of diameter math d math . thumb 250px The angular aperture of a lens optics lens is the apparent angle of the lens aperture as seen from the Focus optics focal point math a 2 arctan left frac D 2 f right math where math f math is the focal length math D math is the diameter of the aperture . Relation to numerical aperture In a medium with an index of refraction close to 1, such as air, the angular aperture is approximately equal to twice the numerical aperture of the lens. ref citebook title Studies in Optics author Albert Abraham Michelson year 1995 publisher Courier Dover pages 32 isbn 0486687007 url http books.google.com books?id m2tUZ4 8WGMC&pg PA32&dq 22Angular aperture 22&as brr 3&ei y 9Rob9J5PM6AKqhLX6Dg&ie ISO 8859 1&output html&sig 5iQK7FL25va8a06vSbx gTFOGLg ref Formally, the numerical aperture in air is math mathrm NA sin a 2 sin arctan left frac D 2 f right math In the paraxial approximation , with a small aperture, math D f math math mathrm NA approx a 2 math References refs See also f number Numerical aperture Category Optics Category Angle de ffnungswinkel es Apertura angular it Apertura angolare zh ... more details
Aperture is a quarterly photography magazine and a book publisher based in Chelsea, Manhattan New York , New York , USA . The magazine is published by Aperture Foundation , a non profit organization devoted to fine art photography . Magazine Inspired by the production quality of Alfred Stieglitz s then defunct Camera Work , Aperture magazine was founded by Minor White , Ansel Adams , Dorothea Lange , Barbara Morgan photographer Barbara Morgan , Nancy Newhall and Beaumont Newhall . ref name ap http www.aperture.org Aperture.org official site ref White, himself a photographer, edited the magazine from its first issue in 1952 until 1975. ref name glbtq cite web url http www.glbtq.com arts white m.html title Minor White 1908 1976 last Lockard first Ray Anne work glbtq.com date 2002 accessdate 2010 04 21 ref He died in 1976. The first iteration of the magazine closed in 1964. Hoffman, a close friend and former student of then editor White, later restored the magazine, becoming its publisher ... in the United States and Europe. Aperture agreed to publish Arbus catalog and it was released in time for the show as Diane Arbus An Aperture Monograph . Book publisher Aperture s book publication program began in 1965, with Edward Weston The Flame of Recognition , which became one of Aperture s best selling titles. ref name ap In 1984, Aperture also published The Golden Age of British Photography, 1839 1900 , which featured restored, British Victorian era Victorian Era photography. Aperture Foundation As of 2009, Both Aperture magazine and its book publishing arm are run by the nonprofit arts institution the Aperture Foundation. In 2003, the Foundation instituted the first Aperture Michael E. Hoffman Award, in memory of Michael E. Hoffman died 2001 , who was Aperture s publisher for 37 years. The Aperture Foundation sponsors limited edition portfolios, lectures, conferences and touring ... in 1952 Category Magazines published in New York es Aperture revista ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2010 Aperture was founded in 1952 by Ansel Adams , Minor White , Barbara Morgan photographer Barbara Morgan , Dorothea Lange , Nancy Newhall , Beaumont Newhall , Ernest Louie, Melton Ferris, and Dody Warren. Their vision was to create a forum for fine art photography, a new concept at the time. The first issue of Aperture magazine was published in spring 1952 in San Francisco. Aperture s efforts increased respect for photography and its popularity among contemporary artists soared. As a not for profit, Aperture is dedicated to serving the public. Today, as at its inception, the foundation is committed to shining a spotlight on work that is new and challenging while providing a forum for reevaluations of the history of the medium. Intellectual rigor and calculated risk taking have always defined Aperture Foundation, as expressed by the mission statement blockquote The purpose of Aperture Foundation, a non profit organization, is to advance photography in all its forms and to foster the exchange of ideas among audiences worldwide. blockquote Image vt 1.jpg thumb Books Aperture is known as publisher of photography books, with more than 120 titles in print. Some, like the Diane Arbus Monograph, have become perennial classics. Several of Aperture s approximately 20 new titles a year are hailed as best photography books by industry leaders. Any given season, at least one, and frequently two or three new books are the first ever for the artist in question. Aperture also supports the efforts of other non profit organizations by partnering on books, exhibitions, and educational programming. Exhibitions Aperture is also an originator of photography exhibitions since the 1980s many travel, to a total of more than 25 venues in the U.S. and abroad each year. Aperture s Chelsea gallery regularly showcases exhibitions organized by sister institutions that otherwise would not be seen in New York City. Category Photography organizations Category Visual arts ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 In radio antenna radio antenna design, antenna aperture or effective area is a measure of how effective an antenna is at collecting or transmitting radio wave s. The aperture ... PFD watts per square metre, the antenna s aperture in square metres is . ref name Bakshi cite book ... waves in watts per square metre, multiplied by its aperture in square metres. The larger an antenna s aperture is, the more power it can collect from a given field of radio waves. It is assumed ... power is transferred to the load. The aperture of a transmitting antenna can be similarly .... The transmitting aperture of an antenna is equal to its receiving aperture, due to the reciprocity electromagnetism reciprocity theorem. Aperture efficiency In general, the aperture of an antenna is not directly ... and Horn antenna horns , have a physical aperture opening which collects the radio waves. In these aperture antennas , the effective aperture A sub eff sub is always less than the area of the physical aperture A sub phys sub of the antenna. An antenna s aperture efficiency , e sub a sub is defined as the ratio of these two areas math e a frac A eff A phys , math The aperture efficiency is a dimensionless ... power entering its physical aperture. If the antenna were perfectly efficient, all the radio power falling within its physical aperture would be converted to electrical power delivered to the load attached to its output terminals, so these two areas would be equal A sub eff sub A sub phys sub and the aperture ... waves scattered by structural supports and diffraction at the aperture edge, which reduce the power output. Aperture efficiencies of typical antennas vary from 0.35 to 0.70 but can range up to 0.90. Aperture ... be shown that the aperture of an isotropic antenna, which by definition has unity gain, is math ... is proportional to its aperture math G frac 4 pi A eff lambda 2 frac 4 pi A phys e a lambda 2 , math ..., and are much less sensitive to waves coming from other directions. Both the gain and aperture are measured ... more details
File CRT Phosphors.jpg 180px thumb Aperture grille based CRT in close up File Trinitron computer.JPG thumb right 180px Sony Trinitron aperture grille computer monitor Image Aperture grille closeup teletext.jpg 180px thumb Aperture grille based CRT in close up, showing the letter e from a teletext page An aperture grille tension mask is one of two major technologies used to manufacture color cathode ray tube CRT television s and computer display s the other is shadow mask . Fine vertical wires behind the front glass of the display screen separate the different colors of phosphor s into strips. These wires are positioned such that an electron beam from one of three guns at the rear of the tube is only able to strike phosphors of the appropriate color. That is, the blue electron gun will strike blue phosphors, but will find a wire blocks the path to red and green phosphors. The fine wires allow for a finer dot pitch as they can be spaced much closer together than the perforations of a shadow mask, and there need be no gap between adjacent horizontal pixels. During the display of bright images, a shadow mask warms, and expand outward in all directions sometimes called blooming . Aperture .... The vertical wires of the aperture grille have a resonant frequency and will vibrate in Acoustic ... aperture grille and shadow mask displays at a glance. The stabilized grille can still vibrate but the sounds need to be loud and close to the display. Additionally, aperture grille displays tend to be vertically ... have a spherical curvature . The first patent ed aperture grille televisions were manufactured by Sony .... Cromaclear is an improvement of the aperture grille technology, pioneered by the NEC Corporation one of its advantage is the lack of the damping wires. While many considered aperture grille technology ... links http www.monitorworld.com faq pages q28 page.html Aperture grille details Category Cathode ray tube de Streifenmaske it Aperture grille ja ru ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Lateral aperture Latin apertura lateralis ventriculi quarti GraySubject 187 GrayPage 798 Image Lateral ventricle.gif Caption Three dimensional space Three dimensional representation of the ventricular system of the human brain. The fourth ventricle is the lower blue mass. The little points sticking out on the left and right are the two parts of the lateral recess, which end in the foramen of Luschka. Image2 Human caudal brainstem posterior view description.JPG Caption2 Human caudal brainstem posterior view Lateral aperture is 18 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein Acronym LA4V BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 637 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre a 51 DorlandsSuf 12144677 The lateral aperture is a paired structure in human anatomy. It is an opening in each lateral extremity of the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle of the human brain . Along with the single median aperture , the two lateral aperatures provide a conduit for cerebrospinal fluid to flow from the brain s ventricular system into the subarachnoid space . The structure is also called the lateral aperture of the fourth ventricle or the foramen of Luschka after anatomist Hubert von Luschka . ref http www.whonamedit.com synd.cfm 2391.html Hubert Von Luschka at whonamedit.com ref References reflist Gray s Fourth ventricle Category Nervous system neuroscience stub nl Apertura lateralis ventriculi quarti ... more details
Aperture synthesis or synthesis imaging is a type of interferometry that mixes signals from a collection .... Technical issues Aperture synthesis is possible only if both the amplitude and the phase waves phase ... which became possible only in the 1990s . This is why imaging with aperture synthesis has been used ... images. Differences Image Earth rotation aperture synthesis.jpg thumb 300px Most aperture synthesis ... image quality from the 15 baselines between the telescopes. Most aperture synthesis interferometers ..., such as in Aperture Masking Interferometry aperture masking interferometry . History Aperture ... intensive Fourier Transform inversions required, they used aperture synthesis to create a One Mile and later a 5km effective aperture using the One Mile Telescope One Mile and Ryle Telescope Ryle ... to obtain baselines of thousands of km. Aperture synthesis is also used by a type of radar system known as synthetic aperture radar , and even in optical interferometry optical telescopes ... the information exactly equivalent to the image from a conventional telescope with an aperture diameter equal to the maximum baseline, hence the name aperture synthesis . It was rapidly discovered ... the complete aperture allowing image reconstruction by Fourier transform to trying to synthesise .... Other wavelengths Aperture synthesis imaging has been demonstrated in the optical and infrared, first using aperture masking interferometry and later using arrays of separated telescopes. As of 2006 four optical infrared interferometer arrays have released aperture synthesis images Cambridge Optical Aperture Synthesis Telescope COAST , Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer NPOI , Infrared Optical ... aperture radar IfSAR or InSAR Synthetic array heterodyne detection Synthetic aperture radar SAR and Inverse synthetic aperture radar ISAR Synthetic aperture sonar Beamforming Synthetic Aperture Magnetometry External links http www.webcitation.org 5kmnhRe25 Further details of aperture synthesis in radio ... more details
Context date February 2008 Refimprove date July 2007 Image formation, normally done at optical wavelengths by lenses and mirrors, must be done for non focusable wavelengths via image modulation. The pinhole camera is the most basic form of such a modulation imager, but a single aperture mask can contain many holes, in one of several particular patterns, to improve the throughput for hard X ray s and Gamma ray &gamma rays , for example. Multiple masks, at varying distances from a detector, add flexibility to this tool. Specifically the modulation collimator , invented by Minoru Oda , was used to identify the first cosmic X ray source and thereby to launch the new field of X ray astronomy in 1965. Many other applications in other fields, such tomography , have since appeared. In a coded aperture more complicated than a pinhole camera , images from multiple apertures will overlap at the plate or detector array. It is thus necessary to use a computational algorithm which depends on the precise configuration of the aperture arrays to reconstruct the original image. In this way a sharp image can be achieved without a lens. The image is formed from the whole array of sensors and is therefore tolerant to faults in individual sensors on the other hand it accepts more background radiation than a focusing optics imager e.g., a refracting or reflecting telescope , and therefore is normally not favored at wavelengths where these techniques can be applied. The coded aperture imaging technique is one of the earliest forms of computational photography and has a strong affinity to astronomical interferometry Well known types of masks URA MURA Levin Veeraraghavan External links Coded Aperture Imaging in High Energy Astronomy http astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov cai In the news http news.bbc.co.uk 1 hi technology 7553622.stm optics stub Category Radiation Category Observational astronomy ru ... more details
Image Numerical aperture.svg right thumb The numerical aperture with respect to a point P depends on the half ... aperture NA of an optical system is a dimensionless number that characterizes the range of angles ... , the numerical aperture of an optical system such as an objective lens is defined by math mathrm ... marginal ray in the system. The angular aperture of the lens is approximately twice this value ... is the wavelength of the light. A lens with a larger numerical aperture will be able to visualize finer details than a lens with a smaller numerical aperture. Assuming quality diffraction limited optics ... image, but will provide shallower depth of field . Numerical aperture is used to define the pit size ... ray by Steve Kindig, Crutchfield Advisor . Accessed 2008 01 18. ref Numerical aperture versus f number Image Numerical aperture for a lens.svg thumb 250px right Numerical aperture of a thin lens . Numerical aperture is not typically used in photography . Instead, the angular aperture of a photographic ... is related to the image space numerical aperture when the lens is focused at infinity. ref name Greivenkamp Based on the diagram at the right, the image space numerical aperture of the lens is math ... aperture is small, and it is nearly exact even at large numerical apertures for well corrected ..., and defining it in terms of numerical aperture may be more meaningful. Working or effective f number ... aperture. In this case, the numerical aperture is related to what is sometimes called the working ... http books.google.com ?id 1YfZNWZAwCAC&pg PA29&dq inauthor greivenkamp numerical aperture p. 29. ref ...&pg PP14&dq working f number aperture ref The magnification here is typically negative in photography ... pupil 22 ref Conversely, the object side numerical aperture is related to the f number by way .... math Laser physics In laser physics , the numerical aperture is defined slightly differently. Laser ... beams typically do not have sharp edges like the cone of light that passes through the aperture ... more details
Infobox Brain Name PAGENAME Latin apertura mediana ventriculi quarti GraySubject 187 GrayPage 798 Image Gray708.svg Caption Scheme of roof of fourth ventricle . The arrow is in the foramen of Magendie . Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 638 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre a 51 DorlandsSuf 12144687 The median aperture Foramen of Magendie drains CSF from the fourth ventricle into the cisterna magna. The two lateral aperture s foramina of Luschka , one on the left and one on the right, are the primary routes for drainage of cerebrospinal fluid from the fourth ventricle into the cerebellopontine angle cistern . The foramen on axial images is posterior to the pons and anterior to the caudal cerebellum . Eponym The Foramen of Magendie is named for Fran ois Magendie , who first described it. ref WhoNamedIt synd 2388 ref References reflist Netter, Frank H. 1989 Atlas of Human Anatomy . Summit, NJ Ciba Geigy Corporation. Williams, Peter L. Warwick, Roger Dyson, Mary & Bannister, Lawrence H. 1989 Gray s Anatomy 37th ed. . New York Churchill Livingstone. External links RocheLexicon 13048.000 3 Fourth ventricle Category Central nervous system neuroscience stub it Foro di Magendie nl Apertura mediana ventriculi quarti pt Abertura mediana vi L gi a ... more details
About pollen structure stomatal aperture Stoma Apertures are very small spots on the walls of a pollen , where the wall is thinner and or softer. For germination it is necessary that the pollen tube can reach out from the inner of the pollen and transport the chromosome s to the egg deep down in the Carpel pistil . The apertures are the places where the pollen tube is able to break through the elsewhere very tough pollen wall. The number and configuration of apertures are often very exactly defined for and characteristic for different groups of plants. The biggest class of plant species, Eudicots Eudicotyledonae has three apertures in each pollen. References citation pmid 9735262 year 1998 month Jul author Ressayre, A Godelle, B Mignot, A Gouyon, Ph title A Morphogenetic Model Accounting for Pollen Aperture Pattern in Flowering Plants volume 193 issue 2 pages 321 334 doi 10.1006 jtbi.1998.0704 journal Journal of theoretical biology Further reading citation doi 10.1016 j.revpalbo.2006.06.008 url http www.bio.uu.nl palaeo glossary glos int.htm title Glossary of pollen and spore terminology year 2007 author Punt, W journal Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology volume 143 issue 1 2 pages 1 last2 Hoen first2 P last3 Blackmore first3 S last4 Nilsson first4 S last5 Lethomas first5 A Category Pollination botany stub ... more details
wiktionarypar cardCard from Greek language Greek chart s , paper, papyrus primarily refers to an entire or piece of card stock . Card may refer to Small flat objects col begin col break ATM card Business card Charge card Cigarette card Credit card Connect card Debit card Flashcard col break Gift card Greeting card Identity document or card Index card Keycard lock Library card Magnetic stripe card col break Membership card Memory card Passport card Place card Playing card Proximity card Punched card col break Rebate card Subscriber Identity Module card Smart card Stored value card Telephone card Trading card Visiting card col end Surnames Andrew Card , politician, Secretary of Transportation under George H.W. Bush and White House Chief of Staff under George W. Bush Orson Scott Card , science fiction author David Card , Canadian labour economist and professor at the University of California, Berkeley Michael Card , American Christian singer songwriter, author, and radio host Acronyms The Community Assistance for Reconstruction, Development, and Stabilisation CARDS programme, the European ..., or CARD domain s, interaction motifs found in a wide array of proteins Wolfson Centre for Age Related Diseases CARD, the Credit CARD Act of 2009 Credit Card Accountability, Responsibility, and Disclosure Act of 2009 signed into law in 2009 by President Obama Other math card math , in mathematical notation, a function that returns the cardinality of a set Card sports , the lineup of the matches in an event Apple IIe Card , a compatibility card A tool for carding Arizona Cardinals , a National ... the Cards An expansion card . A type of electronic card used into computer s The Card The Card may refer to The Card , Arnold Bennett s 1911 novel and the 1952 film derived from it The Card musical The Card musical , based on the novel The Card , an episode of SpongeBob SquarePants season 6 SpongeBob SquarePants season 6 See also lookfrom intitle Card game Carding disambiguation Category Surnames ... more details
about the novel other uses Card disambiguation Infobox Book See Wikipedia WikiProject Novels or Wikipedia WikiProject Books name The Card title orig translator image Image The Card Cover.jpg 200px image caption author Arnold Bennett illustrator cover artist country United Kingdom language English language English series subject Subject is not relevant for fiction genre Comedy Wikipedia WikiProject Novels Novel categorization publisher E. P. Dutton release date 1911 english release date media type Print Hardcover pages 305 pp isbn NA Released before ISBN system implemented preceded by Preceding novel in series followed by The Regent 1913 The Card is a short comedic novel written by Arnold Bennett in 1911. It was later made into a 1952 in film 1952 movie starring Alec Guinness and Petula Clark . It chronicles the rise of Edward Henry Denry Machin from washerwoman s son to Mayor of Bursley a fictitious ... in slang a card is a character , an original a clever, audacious, person ref Oxford English Dictionary . Card n sup 2 sup 1.2.c ref . Denry Machin returned, as the slightly more mature Edward ..., including Machin, is in awe to dance, thus earning himself the reputation of a card a character ... by most others, as shown by the book s final exchange blockquote p What a card said one, laughing ... Infobox Film name The Card image image size caption director Ronald Neame producer John Bryan ..., the married songwriting team of Tony Hatch and Jackie Trent composed the score for a The Card ... incident. References Reflist External links gutenberg no 12986 name The Card, a Story of Adventure in the Five Towns http librivox.org the card by arnold bennett The Card , audio book at http librivox.org Librivox imdb title title The Card id 0045056 http movies2.nytimes.com mem movies review.html ... Ronald Neame DEFAULTSORT Card, The Category 1911 novels Category Comedy novels Category Novels ... Category Films based on novels Category Novels adapted into films fr The Card ... more details
Summary Icon from Mac OS X Aperture software Aperture photography software . Non free use rationale Description Apple Aperture Icon Article Aperture software Source Taken from Application Portion All Low resolution No Purpose To show the icon associated with Aperture software Aperture photography software Replaceability No other information Visit http www.apple.com Licensing Non free computer icon ... more details
FeaturedPicture Lens aperture side.jpg picture of the day August 4, 2005 Related images Image lens aperture top.jpg view from the top, set to f 8 Description ... more details
a shows a simple experiment using an aperture mask in a re imaged aperture plane. b and c show diagrams of aperture masks which were placed in front of the secondary mirror of the Keck telescope by Peter Tuthill and collaborators. By Bob Tubbs, after Peter Tuthill. PD self date February 2009 vva Speckle aperture masking.svg ... more details
Notability date October 2008 Unreferenced date May 2008 Synthetic aperture magnetometry SAM is a method for analysis of data obtained from magnetoencephalography MEG and electroencephalography EEG . SAM is a nonlinear beamforming approach which can be thought of as a spatial filter . Fact date October 2008 See also Aperture synthesis Category Magnetoencephalography ... more details
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