Unreferenced date December 2009 An anti diarrhoeal drug or anti diarrheal drug is any medication which provides symptomatic relief for diarrhea diarrhoea . Types Electrolyte solutions are used to replace lost fluids and salt s in acute cases. Bulking agent s like methylcellulose , guar gum or plant dietary fiber fibre bran , sterculia , Psyllium seed husks isabgol , etc. are used for diarrhoea in functional bowel disease and to control ileostomy output. Absorption chemistry Absorbent s absorb toxic substances that cause infective diarrhoea, methylcellulose is an absorbent. Anti inflammatory solutions like Bismuth subsalicylate . Opioid s classical use besides pain relief is as an anti diarrhoeal drug. Opioids have agonist actions on the intestinal opioid receptors, which when activated cause constipation . Drugs such as morphine or codeine can be used to relieve diarrhoea this way. A notable opioid for the purpose of relief of diarrhoea is Loperamide which only is an agonist of the mu Opioid receptor opioid receptor s in the large intestine and does not have opioid affects in the central nervous system as it doesn t cross the blood brain barrier in significant amounts. This enables loperamide to be used to the same benefit as other opioid drugs but without the CNS side effects or potential for abuse. See also ATC code A07 A07F Antidiarrheal micro organisms Major Drug Groups Antidiarrheals, intestinal anti inflammatory anti infective agents Category Antidiarrhoeals ca Antidiarreic fr Antidiarrh ique hr Antidijaroici id Antidiare ja sr th ... more details
taxobox image Pluchea sericea 1.jpg regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Asterids ordo Asterales familia Asteraceae genus Pluchea species P. sericea binomial Pluchea sericea binomial authority Nutt. Pluchea sericea , commonly called Arrowweed , is a rhizomatous evergreen shrub of riparian areas in the lower Sonoran Desert and surrounding areas. It is common in the lower Colorado River valley of California, Nevada and Arizona, as far east as Texas, and in northern Mexico where it often forms dense impenetrable thickets. It was once used medicinally by Indigenous peoples of the Americas Native Americans as an Antidiarrhoeal antidiarrheal and eyewash . Other traditional uses include thatching , arrow making and food, especially the edible root . ref http herb.umd.umich.edu herb search.pl?searchstring Pluchea sericea Ethnobotany ref References reflist External links http ucjeps.berkeley.edu cgi bin get JM treatment.pl?609,1703,1705 Jepson Manual Treatment http plants.usda.gov java profile?symbol PLSE USDA Plants Profile http calphotos.berkeley.edu cgi img query?query src photos index&where taxon Pluchea sericea Photo gallery Commons Pluchea sericea Category Pluchea asteroideae stub es Pluchea ... more details
cleanup date February 2011 wikify date February 2011 Egyptian zythos lang el , lang he SISNI mnemonic is a type of beverage, used as both a recreational alcoholic beverage and as a medicine. The word zythos is a Greek version of an Egyptian word for beer ref Cite book author Marcus Jastrow authorlink Marcus Jastrow title A Dictionary of the Targumim, Talmud Babli, Talmud Yerushalmi and Midrashic Literature volume 2 ref . The recipe is mentioned in the Third Tractate Pesahim of the Babylonian Talmud . ref Cite book title The Talmud A Selection editor Norman Solomon publisher Penguin year 2009 pages 148, 150 chapter Third Tractate Pesahim The Passover isbn 9780141441788 ref According to Rav Yosef , it contains 1 3 barley, 1 3 safflower seed and 1 3 salt. Rav Papa substituted wheat for barley. The ingredients are steeped, roasted and ground before drinking. Drinking it is dangerous for sick people and for pregnant women. It works as both a laxative and an antidiarrhoeal . Drinking it was and is forbidden during Passover , because it contains barley, thus making it chametz . kareth Karet is not applicable to its consumption. References Reflist External links http www.mlahanas.de Greeks LX Zythos.html Zythos Hellenica Categories DEFAULTSORT Egyptian Zythos Category Beer Category Laxatives Category Antidiarrhoeals Drink stub Beer stub fr Zythum ... more details
Taxobox image Cardiospermum halicacabum 06.jpg regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Flowering plant Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Rosids ordo Sapindales familia Sapindaceae subfamilia Sapindoideae genus Cardiospermum species C. halicacabum binomial Cardiospermum halicacabum binomial authority Carl Linnaeus L. Cardiospermum halicacabum , known as the Balloon vine or Love in a puff , is a climbing plant widely distributed in tropical and subtropical Africa and Asia. ref name EMEA Cite web author Committee for veterinary medicinal products title Summary Report on Cardiospermum halicacabum work EMEA MRL 664 99 FINAL August 1999 publisher The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products Veterinary Medicines Evaluation Unit year 2000 url http www.ema.europa.eu pdfs vet mrls 066499en.pdf format doi accessdate 2010 04 25 . ref Often found as a weed along roads and rivers, it has been examined for antidiarrhoeal ref Citation last Rao first N Venkat last2 Chandra Prakash first2 K last3 Shanta Kumar first3 SM title Pharmacological investigation of Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn in different animal models of diarrhoea journal Indian Journal of Pharmacology volume 38 pages 346 349 year 2006 url http www.ijp online.com text.asp?2006 38 5 346 27703 doi 10.4103 0253 7613.27703 accessdate 2010 04 25 ref as well as homeopathy homoeopathic medicinal ref name EMEA properties. Gallery gallery File Cardiospermum halicacabum 01.jpg Flower File Cardiospermum halicacabum 04.jpg Unripe fruits File Cardiospermum halicacabum 08.jpg Opened fruit showing seed arrangement File Cardiospermum halicacabum 09.jpg Seeds gallery Commons Cardiospermum halicacabum References reflist Category Sapindaceae Category Medicinal plants Category Invasive plant species in South Africa de Ballonrebe qu Pukuchu yura ... more details
Italic title taxobox image Acacia decurrens catalina.jpg regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Rosids ordo Fabales familia Fabaceae genus Acacia species A. decurrens binomial Acacia decurrens binomial authority Wendl.f. Willd. synonyms Acacia angulata Desv. Acacia decurrens Willd. var. angulata Desv. Benth. Acacia molissima Willd. var. angulata Desv. Walp. Mimosa angulata Desv. Poir. Mimosa decurrens Donn Mimosa decurrens Wendl. Racosperma decurrens Willd. Leslie Pedley Pedley ref name ildis http www.ildis.org LegumeWeb?version 10.01&LegumeWeb&tno 246&genus Acacia&species decurrens ILDIS ref Acacia decurrens Acacia bark , Early black wattle , Green wattle , Sydney wattle , Wattle bark is a perennial tree or shrub native to eastern New South Wales . Including Sydney , the Greater Blue Mountains Area , the Hunter Valley and south west to the Australian Capital Territory . It is cultivated throughout Australia and the world, and has naturalised in most Australian states and also in Africa , the Americas , Europe , New Zealand & the Pacific , the Indian Ocean area, and Japan . It grows to a height of 2 10m and it flowers from July to September. ref http florabase.calm.wa.gov.au browse flora?f 163&level s&id 16975&PHPSESSID 5f37f4a6bc3fbb3d58d92204583eb8ce FloraBase ref Uses Uses for it include chemical products, environmental management and wood. ref name ildis The flowers are edible and are used in fritter s. An edible gum oozes out of the tree s trunk and it can be used as a lesser quality substitute for Gum Arabic , for example in the production of fruit jelly. The tree s bark has astringent properties, but it has to be stored for a year before it can be made use of. It is used as an antidiarrhoeal anti diarrheal medicine. The bark contains about 37 40 tannin . The flowers are used to produce yellow dye and the seed pods are used to produce green dye. ref http www.pfaf.org database plants.php?Acacia decurrens Plants for ... more details
Drugbox verifiedrevid 413376379 drug name Racecadotril IUPAC name RS benzyl N 3 acetylthio 2 benzylpropanoyl glycinate synonyms small benzyl 2 3 acetylthio 2 benzylpropanamido acetate small image Racecadotril.svg imagename 1 1 mixture racemate width 220 CAS number 81110 73 8 ATC prefix A07 ATC suffix XA04 PubChem 107751 C 21 H 23 N 1 O 4 S 1 molecular weight 385.47662 g mol bioavailability protein bound metabolism elimination half life excretion pregnancy category legal status routes of administration Oral Racecadotril , also known as acetorphan , is an antidiarrheal drug which acts as a peripherally acting enkephalinase inhibitor . ref cite journal url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed 10804038 journal Drugs pmid 10804038 volume 59 issue 4 title Racecadotril year 2000 month April pages 829 35 discussion 836 7 author Matheson AJ, Noble S ref Unlike other medications used to treat diarrhea, which Antipropulsive reduce intestinal motility , racecadotril has an wikt antisecretory antisecretory effect it reduces the secretion of water and electrolytes into the intestine. ref 2001 Racecadotril an Antidiarrhoeal Suitable for Use in Infants and Young Children . Drug Ther Perspect 17 8 1 5. http www.medscape.com viewarticle 406488 Free full text with registration at Medscape ref It is available in France where it was first introduced in 1993 and is widely used and other European countries, as well as most of South America and some South East Asia n countries, but not in the United States. It is sold under the tradenames Hidrasec or, in France, Tiorfan. In Italy it is sold under the tradename Tiorfix. A small randomized controlled trial found racecadotril to statistical significance significantly reduce the duration and volume of watery diarrhea in children when given as an adjunct to oral rehydration therapy . ref cite journal author Salazar Lindo E, Santisteban Ponce J, Chea Woo E, Gutierrez M title Racecadotril in the treatment of acute watery diarrhea in children journal ... more details
Other uses drugbox verifiedrevid 406630286 IUPAC name 5 ,6 7,8 didehydro 4,5 epoxy 3 methoxy 17 methylmorphinan 6 ol image Codein Codeine.svg image2 Codeine 3d transparent.gif InChI 1 C18H21NO3 c1 19 8 7 18 11 4 5 13 20 17 18 22 16 14 21 2 6 3 10 15 16 18 9 12 11 19 h3 6,11 13,17,20H,7 9H2,1 2H3 t11 ,12 ,13 ,17 ,18 m0 s1 smiles CN1CC C 23c4c5ccc c4O C H 2 C H C C C H 3 C H 1C5 O OC InChIKey OROGSEYTTFOCAN DNJOTXNNBG StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C18H21NO3 c1 19 8 7 18 11 4 5 13 20 17 18 22 16 14 21 2 6 3 10 15 16 18 9 12 11 19 h3 6,11 13,17,20H,7 9H2,1 2H3 t11 ,12 ,13 ,17 ,18 m0 s1 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey OROGSEYTTFOCAN DNJOTXNNSA N ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL 485 CAS number 76 57 3 CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 4447447 ATC prefix R05 ATC suffix DA04 ATC supplemental ATC N02 AA59 PubChem 5284371 IUPHAR ligand 1673 DrugBank APRD00120 C 18 H 21 N 1 O 3 molecular weight 299.364 g mol bioavailability 90 Oral elimination half life 2.5&ndash 3 h metabolism Liver Hepatic , via CYP2D6 Cytochrome P450 2D6 ref Cite journal author Shen H, He MM, Liu H, et al title Comparative metabolic capabilities and inhibitory profiles of CYP2D6.1, CYP2D6.10, and CYP2D6.17 journal Drug Metab. Dispos. volume 35 issue 8 pages 1292 300 year 2007 month August pmid 17470523 doi 10.1124 dmd.107.015354 url ref legal AU S8 legal CA Schedule I legal NZ Class C legal SG Class B legal UK Class B legal US Schedule II legal status dependency liability Low Moderate routes of administration oral, intra rectally, subcutaneous SC , intramuscular IM Codeine International Nonproprietary Name INN or 3 methylmorphine a natural isomer of methylated morphine, the other being the semi synthetic heterocodeine 6 methylmorphine is an opiate used for its analgesic , Cough medicine antitussive , and Antidiarrhoeal antidiarrheal properties. Codeine is the second most predominant alkal ... more details
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