marketing Wikibooks Marketing AllcommodityVolume value ACV represents the total annual sales volume of retailer s that can be aggregated from individual store level up to larger Geographical sets. This measure is typically presented millions dollars MM in the United States , but may be represented in other currencies as appropriate. The total dollar sales that go into ACV include the entire store inventory sales, rather than sales for a specific category of products Hence the term allcommodityvolume . ACV is best related to the key marketing concept of placement distribution business Distribution . Usage discussion of ACV When dividing total sales for an outlet into ACV million dollar blocks, it allows for equivalization across inherently different sized market or retailers in size. A large share of sales in Des Moines may or may not be as important as having a lesser share in New York City . The open question in the above case can be resolved by dividing sales regardless of outlet into a sales rate per MM. Example calculation Assume in a city there are two Hardware store hardware retailers. The first retailer boasts five big box store locations that boast weekly ACV total sales of all products of 15 MM per. The second retailer may also features five store locations, but they tend to be closer to mom and pop size, with average weekly ACV at only 5MM per. The total market size is ten hardware stores, and 100MM in total market ACV. Assuming a tool set a company produces is only distributed in the second smaller store chain, it is obviously represented in half the store locations 50 . However, all stores are not created equal based on the above numbers, the tool set would ... typically prefers its distribution in higher volume stores for the greater sales potential. More consumer ... retailer vs. another in terms of sales volume, or even geographical locations e.g. New York Metro ... vs. another regardless of its over all distribution business distribution . This is often referred ... more details
Refimprove date July 2010 multiple image footer Yerba mate left , coffee and tea right , all used for caffein caffeinated infusions, are commodity cash crop s. image1 Mate mit Stengeln.jpg width1 150 alt1 ... darjeeling tea twinings.jpg width3 100 alt3 caption3 A commodity is a good economics good for which ... ref A commodity has full or partial fungibility that is, the market treats it as equivalent .... In contrast, one of the characteristics of a commodity good is that its price is determined as a function ... of commodification, rather than a binary distinction of commodity versus differentiable ... The word commodity came into use in English in the 15th century, from the French fr commodit ... have begun to identify workers compensation insurance as a commodity. Commodity trade Main ... producer were considered equivalent. On a commodity exchange, it is the underlying standard stated in the contract that defines the commodity, not any quality inherent in a specific producer s product ... Commodity Exchange DCE Euronext.liffe LIFFE Kansas City Board of Trade KCBT Bursa Malaysia Kuala ... Commodity Exchange Limited NCEL Multi Commodity Exchange MCX International Indonesian Forex Change Market IIFCM Commodity markets Markets for trading commodities can be very economic efficiency efficient ... price and quantity. In addition, investors can gain passive exposure to the commodity markets through a commodity price index . Inventory data The inventory of commodities plays a role in the pricing ... commodities was used in a 2006 study on the relationship between inventories and commodity futures risk premiums. ref Gorton GB et al. 2008 . http ssrn.com abstract 996930 The Fundamentals of Commodity ... definition of a commodityCommodity Marxism In classical political economy and especially Karl Marx s critique of political economy, a commodity is any good or service produced by human labour and offered ... specifically for the market, or be non reproducible goods. Marx s analysis of the commodity is intended ... more details
Unreferenced date May 2009 Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Warts and AllVolume 3 Type Live album Artist moe. Cover 5MCD19.jpg Released September 3, 2003 Recorded November 13, 1998 Genre Rock music Rock Length 230 00 Label Fatboy Records Producer moe. Reviews Last album Wormwood album Wormwood br 2003 This album Warts and AllVolume 3 br 2003 Next album Warts and AllVolume 4 br 2005 Warts and AllVolume 3 is the third volume in a Warts and All album series collection of commercially released, full concert live album s by the United States American jam band moe. It was recorded concert live on November 13, 1998 at the Vic Theater in Chicago , Illinois . Track listing Disc one 32 Things Nebraska Timmy Tucker CalifonIA Moth Disc two Intro Plane Crash Threw It All Away Hi and Lo Head Buster Jam Sensory Deprivation Bank Disc three Big World witty banter Tambourine I Know You Rider Hidden Track s Dr. Graffenburg Four Rebubula recorded live on 9 12 98 Personnel moe. Vinnie Amico drums Rob Derhak bass, vocals Chuck Garvey guitar, vocals, photography, illustrations Al Schnier guitar, vocals Fred Kevorkian mastering Steve Young engineer, mixing Becca Childs Derhak art direction External links http stores.musictoday.com store product.asp?band id 1077&dept id 7573&pf id 5MCD19&sfid 19 album at the band website http moe.disclogic.com details.jsp?albumId 2348&itemId 7566&brandID 26&sessionID 0BAEA1F9DCFBAC78D8B08ECA6D35874B Warts and AllVolume 3 download Disc Logic Category Triple live albums Category Moe. live albums Category 2003 live albums ... more details
Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Warts and AllVolume 6 Type Live album Artist moe. Cover Released 2008 Recorded January 28, 2007 Genre Rock music Rock Length Label Fatboy Records Producer moe. Reviews Last album Sticks and Stones moe. album Sticks and Stones br 2008 This album Warts and AllVolume 6 br 2008 Next album Warts and AllVolume 6 is a live album recorded on January 28, 2007 at Liberty Hall in Lawrence, Kansas. It is the sixth set in a collection of commercially released full concert live albums by the American jam band moe. The cover art is an homage to The Best of Kansas . Track listing All tracks recorded live on January 28, 2007 at Liberty Hall in Lawrence , KS. Disc one Intro Captain America It Bring It Back Home Lost Along the Way Jazz Wank Disc two Rebubula Spine of a Dog Dr. Graffenburg Disc three Four Head Brent Black Gone Encore The Ghost of Ralph s Mom Encore 2000s rock album stub Category Moe. live albums Category 2007 albums ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Warts and AllVolume 4 Type Live album Artist moe. Cover 5MCD20.jpg Released March 8, 2005 Recorded July 18, 1998 Genre Rock music Rock Length 229 28 Label Fatboy Records Producer moe. Reviews Allmusic Rating 3 5 Allmusic class album id r729564 pure url yes link Last album Warts and AllVolume 3 br 2003 This album Warts and AllVolume 4 br 2005 Next album The Conch br 2007 Warts and AllVolume 4 is a live album recorded on July 18, 1998 at the Copper Dragon in Carbondale, Illinois Carbondale , Illinois . It is the fourth set in a Anthology collection of commercially released full concert live album s by the United States American jam band moe. Track listing Disc one All tracks recorded live on July 18, 1998 at the Copper Dragon in Carbondale, Illinois. Tuning 1 23 Threw It All Away Schnier 4 56 St. Augustine Derhak 11 07 Waiting for the Punchline Schnier 13 39 Happy Hour Hero Derhak 11 25 Backwoods 4 40 Y.O.Y. Garvery 12 22 Recreational Chemistry Schnier 16 52 Disc two The Harder They Come song The Harder They Come Jimmy Cliff Cliff 7 30 Musical tuning Tuning 0 40 Dr. Graffenburg Derhak 22 37 Hava Nagila Havah Negliah traditional 5 07 Time Ed Derhak 16 08 Water Derhak 7 30 Untitled 15 16 Untitled is a hidden track that is actually Brent Black Low Rider Brent Black Disc three Yodelittle Schnier 22 58 Rebubula Derhak 28 51 I Know You Rider traditional 12 36 Banter 1 26 Bearsong Schnier 9 04 Personnel moe. br Vinnie Amico drums br Rob Derhak bass, vocals br Chuck Garvey guitar, vocals, illustrations br Al Schnier guitar, vocals br br Steve Young mixing br Fred Kevorkian mastering br Becca Childs Derhak art direction, photography br br External links http stores.musictoday.com store product.asp?band id 1077&dept id 7573&pf id 5MCD20&sfid 19 moe. merchandise link http moe.disclogic.com details.jsp?albumId 7299&itemId 47570&brandID 26&sessionID 0BAEA1F9DCFBAC78D8B08ECA6D35874B Warts and AllVolume 4 download Disc Logic Category ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Warts and AllVolume 1 Type Live album Artist moe. Cover 5MCD17.jpg Released November 6, 2001 Recorded February 28, 2001 Genre Rock music Rock , Jam Length 184 57 Label Fatboy Records Producer moe. Reviews Allmusic Rating 3 5 Allmusic class album id r559178 pure url yes link Last album Dither album Dither br 2001 This album Warts and AllVolume 1 br 2001 Next album Warts and AllVolume 2 br 2002 Warts and AllVolume 1 is the first volume in a Warts and All album series collection of commercially released, full concert live album s by the United States American jam band moe. It was recorded concert live on February 28, 2001 at the Scranton Cultural Center in Scranton , Pennsylvania . ref cite web url Allmusic class album id r559178 pure url yes title allmusic.com accessdate 10 4 09 ref Track listing small All tracks by moe. except were noted small Disk one Intro 1 09 Head 15 47 The Ghost of Ralph s Mom also known as TGORM 4 36 Nebraska 4 55 Crab Eyes 10 22 Disk two Moth 17 33 Timmy Tucker 30 39 Intro 0 53 Happy Hour Hero 15 13 Seat of My Pants 9 48 Disk three Tambourine 8 37 Waiting for the Punchline 16 40 Kyle s Song 13 43 Meat 29 18 Moth Reprise 1 46 Encore Intro 0 56 I Wanna Be Sedated Ramones cover 3 14 ref cite web url http moe.org discography ?c 86 title moe. Discography accessdate 10 4 09 ref Personnel moe. Vinnie Amico drums Rob Derhak bass, vocals Chuck Garvey guitar, vocals, illustrations Jim Loughlin percussion Al Schnier guitar, vocals Technical personnel Becca Childs Derhak art direction, photography Fred Kevorkian mastering Steve Young mixing References references Category Triple live albums Category Moe. live albums Category 2001 live albums ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Warts and AllVolume 2 Type Live album Artist moe. Cover 5MCD18.jpg Released September 10, 2002 Recorded February 23, 2002 Genre Rock music Rock , Jam Length 209 47 Label Fatboy Records Producer moe. Reviews Allmusic Rating 3 5 Allmusic class album id r605526 pure url yes link Last album Warts and AllVolume 1 br 2001 This album Warts and AllVolume 2 br 2002 Next album Season s Greetings from moe. br 2002 Warts and AllVolume 2 is the second volume in a Warts and All album series collection of commercially released, full concert live album s by the United States American jam band moe. It was recorded concert live on February 23, 2002 at The Tabernacle in Atlanta , Georgia U.S. state Georgia . ref cite web url Allmusic class album id r605526 pure url yes title allmusic.com accessdate 10 4 09 ref This album is one of 10 live jam releases of this century according to the August issue of Guitar One magazine. Track listing small All tracks by moe. except were noted small Disk one Intro 1 04 Okayalright 5 04 She Sends Me 4 54 Spaz Medicine 9 58 Understand 7 08 Letter Home 5 34 Timmy Tucker Kids jam 28 19 Disk two Kids 23 32 Mexico 22 38 Happy Hour Hero 14 38 Seat of My Pants 12 03 Sensory Deprivation Bank 6 06 Disk three Four 13 41 Rebubula Encore 20 28 Bantor 2 05 Fire Jimi Hendrix Cover 2 05 ref cite web url http moe.org discography ?c 83 title moe. Discography accessdate 10 4 09 ref Hidden track after Fire Spine of a Dog Buster Personnel moe. Vinnie Amico drums Rob Derhak bass, vocals Chuck Garvey guitar, vocals, artwork Jim Loughlin guitar acoustic , percussion, piccolo bass Al Schnier guitar, mandolin, vocals, moog synthesizer Technical personnel Chris Burrows production coordination, stage manager Becca Childs Derhak art direction, photography Fred Kevorkian mastering Steve Young mixing References references Category Triple live albums Category Moe. live albums Category 2002 live albums ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Warts and AllVolume 5 Type Live album Artist moe. Cover Released June 12, 2007 Recorded February 22, 2005 Genre Rock music Rock Length Label Fatboy Records Producer moe. Reviews Last album The Conch br 2007 This album Warts and AllVolume 5 br 2007 Next album Sticks and Stones moe. album Sticks and Stones br 2008 Warts and AllVolume 5 is a live album recorded on February 22, 2005 at the Val Air Ballroom in Des Moines, Iowa Des Moines , Iowa . It is the fifth set in a Anthology collection of commercially released full concert live album s by the United States American jam band moe. Unlike most of the Warts and All releases, it does not contain any filler track s . It was released on June 12, 2007. Track listing All tracks recorded live on February 22, 2005 at the Val Air Ballroom in Des Moines , IA. Disc one Intro 0 56 Bring You Down Al Schnier Schnier 12 45 Shoot First Chuck Garvey Garvey , moe. 7 42 Captain America Rob Derhak Derhak 9 19 She Schnier 14 48 Y.O.Y. Garvey 7 59 George Schnier 15 33 Disc two Intro 1 24 Spine of a Dog Garvey 6 29 Mexico Schnier 21 51 Plane Crash Derhak 18 08 Spine of a Dog Garvey 4 37 Yodelittle Schnier 1 29 Disc three Yodelittle Schnier 27 48 Spine of a Dog Garvey 6 42 Buster Derhak 13 09 Encore Tijuana Donkey Show Derhak 6 08 New York City Derhak 5 11 Personnel moe. Chuck Garvey Singing vocals , guitar , cover art Rob Derhak vocals, bass guitar Vinnie Amico Drum kit drums Al Schnier guitar, vocals, Keyboard instrument keyboards , Moog synthesizer Jim Loughlin Percussion instrument percussion , acoustic guitar Production Becca Childs Derhak art direction Fred Kevorkian mastering Charts Album Billboard magazine Billboard border 1 cellspacing 0 cellpadding 2 width 500px align left Year align left Chart align left Position align left 2007 align left Top Heatseekers align center 44 External links http www.moe.org news ?highlight 54 news 54 News and Pictures Category Moe. albums Category Triple ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name All the Stuff And More Volume 2 Type Compilation album Cover AlltheGoodStuffandMoreVol2TheRamones.jpg Artist Ramones Released May 31, 1990 Genre Punk rock Recorded 1977, 1978 Length Label Sire Records Producer Tony Bongiovi , Tommy Ramone , Ed Stasium Reviews Allmusic Rating 5 5 Allmusic class album id r16132 pure url yes link Chronology Ramones compilation album Last album All the Stuff And More Volume 1 br 1990 This album All the Stuff And More Volume 2 br 1990 Next album Hey Ho Let s Go The Anthology br 1999 All the Stuff And More Volume 2 is a compilation album by the Ramones . It includes their third and fourth albums, Rocket to Russia and Road to Ruin , excluding the song Go Mental , plus bonus tracks. Some versions of the album do include Go Mental as track 24, after I Wanna Be Sedated and before Questioningly , for a total of 30 tracks. Track listing All songs written by the Ramones except where indicated. Cretin Hop 1 56 Rockaway Beach Dee Dee Ramone Here Today, Gone Tomorrow Joey Ramone Locket Love I Don t Care Joey Ramone Sheena Is a Punk Rocker Joey Ramone We re a Happy Family Teenage Lobotomy Do You Wanna Dance? Bobby Freeman I Wanna Be Well I Can t Give You Anything Ramona Surfin Bird Carl White Alfred Frazier John Harris Turner Wilson Why Is It Always This Way? Slug I Want You Around Original Version I Just Want to Have Something to Do Joey Ramone I Wanted Everything Dee Dee Ramone Don t Come Close I Don t Want You Needles and Pins 1963 song Needles And Pins Sonny Bono Jack Nitzsche I m Against It I Wanna Be Sedated Joey Ramone Questioningly Dee Dee Ramone She s the One Bad Brain It s a Long Way Back Dee Dee Ramone I Don t Want To Live This Life Anymore Yea, Yea References Unreferenced article date May 2008 ... hr All The Stuff And More Volume 2 it All the Stuff And More Volume 2 pl All the Stuff And More Volume 2 pt All the Stuff And More Volume 2 ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Visions All Areas Volume 19 Type Compilation album Artist Various Artists Cover vaav19.jpg Released August 27, 2001 Recorded Genre Rock music Rock Length Label Visions Magazine Reviews Last album Visions All Areas Volume 18 br 2001 This album Visions All Areas Volume 19 br 2001 Next album Visions All Areas Volume 20 br 2001 Visions All Areas Volume 19 is a compilation album released on August 27, 2001 and bundled with the Visions Magazine, issue 102. Track listing 60 Miles Per Hour New Order 4 33 Prison Song System of a Down 3 24 Masterplan Solarez 3 35 The Modern Age The Strokes 3 27 Your Number is One Rollins Band 4 27 Long Line of Cars Cake band Cake 3 23 Last Man Standing Biohazard band Biohazard 3 19 The Slow Phaseout Motorpsycho 4 29 Nothing Happens For a Reason I Saw Elvis 3 05 Uneasy Desert Sun 4 06 Bay The Fullbliss 4 35 Bleed American Jimmy Eat World Video Too Hard To Be Free Amen band Amen Video Category 2001 compilation albums 2000s compilation album stub ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name All the Stuff And More Volume One Type Compilation album Cover Ramones allthestuffandmorevolume1.jpg Artist Ramones Released May 31, 1990 Genre Punk rock Recorded 1976 Length 1 08 52 Label Sire Records Producer Tony Bongiovi , Tommy Ramone , Craig Leon, Ramones The Ramones Reviews Allmusic Rating 5 5 Allmusic class album id r16131 pure url yes link Chronology Ramones compilation album Last album Ramones Mania br 1988 This album All the Stuff And More Volume 1 br 1990 Next album All The Stuff And More Volume 2 br 1990 All the Stuff And More Volume One is a compilation album by the Ramones . It includes their first two albums, Ramones Ramones album Ramones and Leave Home , in their entirety, with the exception of Carbona Not Glue , a song that was on the original release of Leave Home but was later removed from the album under pressure from the Carbona company and replaced with Sheena Is a Punk Rocker . Also included are a handful of bonus tracks of varying origins, including I Don t Wanna Be Learned I Don t Wanna Be Tamed and I Can t Be , which were early, previously unreleased demos Babysitter , originally the b side to the Do You Wanna Dance? single, was the first replacement of Carbona Not Glue and the final two tracks, California Sun and I Don t Wanna Walk Around With You , are live recordings. Track listing All songs written by the Ramones except where indicated. Blitzkrieg Bop Tommy Ramone 2 12 Beat on the Brat Joey Ramone 2 31 Judy Is a Punk Dee Dee Ramone , Joey Ramone 1 30 I Wanna Be Your Boyfriend Tommy Ramone 2 15 Chain Saw Joey Ramone 1 55 Now I Wanna Sniff Some Glue Dee Dee Ramone 1 35 I Don t Wanna Go Down to the Basement Dee Dee Ramone Johnny Ramone 3 37 Loudmouth Dee Dee Ramone Johnny Ramone 2 14 Havana Affair ... compilation albums Category Sire Records compilation albums hr All The Stuff And More Volume 1 it All the Stuff And More Volume 1 pl All the Stuff And More Volume 1 pt All the Stuff And More Volume ... more details
in commodity trade. Even so, in simple commodity production, not all inputs and outputs of the production ... s critique of political economy , a commodity is any good or service produced by human labour and offered ... specifically for the market, or be non reproducible goods. Marx s analysis of the commodity ... price has been a challenge for both liberal and Marxist economists. Characteristics of commodity quote ... need to sell himself as a commodity. Che Guevara ref A letter from Che Guevara to Carlos Quijano ... archive guevara 1965 03 man socialism.htm Socialism and Man in Cuba ref In Marx s theory, a commodity ... of human labor. Because it has value, implies that people try to economise its use. A commodity .... It has an exchange value , meaning that a commodity can be traded for other commodities, and thus give its owner the benefit of others labor the labor done to produce the purchased commodity . Price ... the concept of a commodity, consider a chair. It is a commodity if the chair is a tradable product ... is not a commodity, as it was not produced by human work for the purpose of trade. A chair created by a hobbyist as a gift to someone is not a commodity. Nor is a chair a commodity as a chair ... . A chair that nothing could sit on, has no use value, and cannot be a commodity. An ornamental chair might yet however, have value. Historical origins of commodity trade quote How can it be mutually ... Asian Solidarity in Algiers, Algeria on February 24, 1965 ref Commodity trade, Marx argues, historically ... Engels calls simple commodity production . At first, goods may not even be intentionally produced ... into a commodity its marketing is in reality not a simple process, but has many technical and social ... ownership rights to the commodity. the enforcement of these rights, so that ownership is secure. the transferability of these private rights from one owner to another. the right to buy and sell the commodity, and or obtain privately and keep income from such trade the physical transferability of the commodity ... more details
Web Volume Report CMEG.pdf ref Tokyo Commodity Exchange Japan NYSE Euronext EU Dalian Commodity Exchange ... of Trade Futures market Commodity markets are markets where raw or primary products are exchanged. These raw ... commodity markets. It covers physical product food, metals, electricity markets but not the ways that services, including those of governments, nor investment, nor debt, can be seen as a commodity ... commodity money and the more complex instruments offered in the commodity markets. See List of traded ... The modern commodity markets have their roots in the trading of agricultural products. While ... markets. Citation needed date November 2008 For a commodity market to be established, there must be very .... The economic impact of the development of commodity markets is hard to overestimate. Through the 19th ... trade. Citation needed date November 2008 Early history of commodity markets Historically, dating ... as commodity money , people have sought ways to standardize and trade contracts in the delivery of such items ... Commodity money and commodity markets in a crude early form are believed to have originated in Sumer ... a promise to deliver that number. This made them a form of commodity money more than an IOU debt I.O.U. ... system of commodity accounting . citation needed date January 2011 Classical civilizations built complex ... trading. Exchange traded commodities have seen an upturn in the volume of trading since the start ... volume of commodities contracts traded on exchanges increased by a fifth in 2010, and a half since .... Commodity assets under management more than doubled between 2008 and 2010 to nearly 380bn. Inflows ... of the commodity or a sample of the commodity, and is carried out in markets such as wholesale marketing wholesale markets . Commodity markets, on the other hand, require the existence of agreed standards ... between two parties to exchange at some fixed future date a given quantity of a commodity ... a futures exchange. Commodity and futures contracts are based on what s termed forward contracts. Early ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2008 Commodity plastics are plastics that are used in high volume and wide range of applications, such as film for packaging, photographic and magnetic tape, beverage and trash containers and a variety of household products where mechanical properties and service environments are not critical. Such plastics exhibit relatively low mechanical properties and are of low cost. Examples of commodity plastics are polyethylene , polypropylene , polystyrene , polyvinyl chloride , polymethyl methacrylate , polyethylene terephthalate and more. Additional reading Engineering plastic s Haugan, Harold W. Fantastic Plastics Welcome Aboard Exposition Press Books, 1974 DEFAULTSORT Commodity Plastics Category Plastics polymer stub ... more details
Commodity exchange may refer to Commodities exchange , any exchange where various commodities and derivatives products are traded. Commodity markets , for the markets trading on commodities in general. See also Commodity Exchange disambig ... more details
value of their products. A distinction is drawn by Marxists between commodity production in general , and specifically capitalist commodity production. Production for market sale could occur in all sorts of ways, in all kinds of societies for all sorts of reasons, but capitalist commodity ...Unreferenced date May 2010 Commodity production is the production of wares for sale. It is a type of production ... or services sold as products , but often the use of the term commodity production is restricted to the production of goods. The word commodity came into use in English in the 15th century, from the French ... variously appropriateness , proper measure, time or condition and advantage, benefit . Normally commodity ... and their value is expressed in money prices. Because commodity production is aimed at trading the products ..., and that products for which there is no market are unlikely to be produced. Commodity producers ..., forestry products, fishing products and mineral products metals, oil, gas, ores . The commodity ... and exclusively to the production of primary products , and not just to any vendible commodity. Statistical usage In statistical reports, the broad definition of commodity production is the mass ... unstats.un.org unsd industry ics intro.asp from which a list of types of commodity production can be obtained in this sense. Marxian usage The use of the term commodity in the sense of ware for sale or merchandise was made famous especially by Karl Marx s analysis of the commodity form in the opening ... value in exchange exchange value and value in use or utility use value , arguing that in commodity production ... considered capitalist production as generalized commodity production in which most production is organized ... commodity production continues to be widely used, and has a specific scientific meaning see commodity Marxism , commodification , commodity fetishism , and simple commodity production . The production ... is reshaped according to commercial principles. Thus, capitalist commodity production aims to utilize ... more details
Commodity money is money whose Value economics value comes from a commodity out of which it is made ... of perceived value economics value in conjunction to one another, in various commodity valuation or price system economies. Aspects Commodity money is to be distinguished from representative money which is a certificate or token which can be exchanged for the underlying commodity, but only as the trade is good for that source and the product. A key feature of commodity money is that the value ... the modern commodity market s, although they use a sophisticated range of financial instrument s that are more than one to one representations of units of a given type of commodity. Since payment by commodity generally provides a useful good, commodity money is similar to barter , but is distinguishable ... of commodity money in Prisoner of war camp World War II P.O.W camp s quote People left their surplus ... was banned in about 2003, commodity money has switched in many places to cans or foil pouches ... Officials Carp ref Metals In situations where the commodity is metal, typically gold or silver , a government ... is known as seigniorage . The role of a mint and of coin differs between commodity money and fiat money . In situations where there is a commodity money, the coin retains its value if it is melted ..., money, as it always does, arose in the market as a useful and scarce commodity and began to serve ..., and the most widespread use of commodity money was tobacco, which served as money in Virginia ... , http www.lewrockwell.com rothbard rothbard260.html Commodity Money in Colonial America , LewRockwell.com ... transition from commodity to representative to fiat money, with people trading in other goods being ... war Germany, cigarettes became used as a form of commodity money in some areas. Cigarettes are still used as a form of commodity money in U.S. prisons Harvnb Lankenau 2001 p 142 concludes that where ... . Functions of commodity money File Japan commodity money before the 8th century.jpg thumb 300px ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Electrochemical cell Cell s are individual cylindrical or rectangular energy storage devices inside a battery. Commodity cells are the kind of cells used in laptop s and cell phone s, as the energy storage element in its batteries. Cells that can be used by electronics manufacturers like Dell Computer just as they can be used by car companies. Production The auto industry battery consortium, USABC , set about to invent automotive batteries made from specialty cells for cars. Tesla Motors uses commodity cells to make their automotive batteries. This is why Tesla s battery is cheaper, higher capacity, more reliable, and more available than anything produced by USABC. It went into production for a fraction of the money previously spent by the consortium. Practically all commodity cells today are made in Asia mainly Japan, South Korea, and China. There is no significant production anywhere in the US. Even American battery companies such as A123 , Valence Technology and AltairNano turn to Asia for mass production. A modern lithium ion cell plant such as those in Japan is a highly automated affair with very low labor content. References http finance.senate.gov hearings testimony 2007test 050107testme.pdf External links http www.teslamotors.com Tesla Motors http finance.senate.gov sitepages hearing050107.htm electronics stub Category Battery electricity ... more details
of political economy , commodity fetishism denotes the mystification of human relations said to arise ... of commodity fetishism plays a crucial role in Marx s theory of capitalism, because it links ... an independent power vis a vis the people. ref In chapter 24 of Capital, Volume III , Marx comments ... their historical origin in commodity trade. Textual origins The term is introduced in the opening chapter of the first volume of Das Kapital ref Capital Vol I. Part I § 4 The Fetishism of Commodities and the Secret thereof p. 31 in the Great Books of the Western World Great Books Volume 50 First ... value form of a commodity is mediated, namely by its relation to another commodity. Through this value form the value of the commodity is expressed as something completely distinct from its own sensible existence. Appendix to the 1st German edition of Capital , Volume 1, 1867 http www.marxists.org archive marx works 1867 c1 appendix.htm . ref Quotation A commodity is... a mysterious thing ... nerve, but as the objective form of something outside the eye itself. But, in the act of seeing, there is at all ..., of small scale feudal agriculture etc. In all these real historic transitions, wage labour appears as the dissolution, the annihilation of relations in which labour was fixed on all sides, in its ... embedded in this mode of production is equated with the commodity by those who have to deal ... Marx, Results of the Immediate Process of Production , appendix in Capital Volume 1 . Penguin edition ... . Critique Journal of Socialist Theory , Volume 38, Number 1, February 2010 , pp. 93 116. ref ..., that power is not an intrinsic characteristic of the object at all. However, in terms of social ... purposes , all that matters is that 100 can trade for 100 worth of goods the seller insists the goods ... at all, may depend just on whether the one has 100 and the other has 100 worth of goods. Where the money, the goods and the trading parties originated from may remain unknown to all concerned. Reification ... more details
A commodity chain is a sequential process used by business entity firm s to gather resource s, transform them into goods or commodity commodities and, finally, distribute them to consumers. In short, it is the connected path from which a good travels from producers to consumers. Commodity chains can be unique depending on the product types or the types of markets. Different stages of a commodity chain can also involve different economic sectors or be handled by the same business. http people.hofstra.edu geotrans eng ch5en conc5en ch5c3en.html A number of commentators have remarked that in the Internet age commodity chains are becoming increasingly more transparent. The Wikichains.com project has adopted the same wiki technology used by Wikipedia in order to help make commodity chains more transparent. They are a network of labour and production processes whose end result is a finished commodity . William Jones Esq. econ stub Category Marketing small de Produktionskette es Cadena productiva eu Ekoizpen prozesu pt Cadeia produtiva ... more details
Citations missing date February 2008 Context date February 2008 A commodity swap is an agreement where by a floating or market or spot price based on an underlying commodity is exchanged for a fixed price over a specified period. A Commodity swap is similar to an Fixed Floating Interest rate swap. The difference is that in an Interest rate swap the floating leg is based on standard Interest rates like LIBOR, EURIBOR etc but in a commodity swap the floating leg is based on the price of underlying commodity like Oil, Sugar etc. No Commodities are exchanged during the trade. In this swap, the user of a commodity would secure a maximum price and agree to pay a financial institution this fixed price. Then in return, the user would get payments based on the market price for the commodity involved. On the other side, a producer wishes to fix his income and would agree to pay the market price to a financial institution, in return for receiving fixed payments for the commodity. The vast majority of commodity swaps involve oil . Category Commodities market econ term stub lt aliav apsikeitimo sandoris ... more details
A commodity pool is an investment scheme where many individual investors combine their moneys and trade in futures contract s as a single entity in order to gain leverage. They are analogous to mutual fund s wherein a fund is similarly set up expressly for trading in Stock equity , except that mutual funds are open to public subscription whereas commodity pools and hedge fund s are private. Commodity pools are also called managed futures funds . The name commodity pool is a National Futures Association NFA legal term. In the United States , the Commodity Futures Trading Commission CFTC and the NFA, as opposed to the Securities and Exchange Commission , regulate commodity pools. Many hedge funds are commodity pools. Funds that trade in commodities, which include many of the largest funds engaged in macro strategies, are registered with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission as commodity pools and as commodity trading advisor s CTAs . In an address to the Securities Industry Association in 2004, Sharon Brown Hruska, acting director of the CFTC, said that 65 of the top 100 funds in 2003 were commodity pools, and 50 out of the 100 largest hedge funds were CTAs in addition to being commodity pools. ref http www.cftc.gov opa speeches04 opabrown hruska 22.htm Sharon Brown Hruska s 2003 speech to the Commodity Futures Trading Commission ref See also List of traded commodities Managed futures account References references hedge funds DEFAULTSORT Commodity Pool Category Commodities market ... more details
unsourced date November 2007 In the field of economics , the commodity value of a economic good good is its free market intrinsic value under optimal use conditions. In a free market, the commodity value of a good will be reflected by its price. For example, if an acre of land can yield a net of 100 dollars loss by laying fallow , 50 dollars gain by being planted with corn, and 100 dollars gain by being planted with wheat, then that acre s commodity value is 100 dollars the farmer is assumed to put his land to best use. Currency Commodity value is of particular significance in the study of currency. For example, the commodity value of a coin is the value of the metal of which it is made. Gold and silver coins have a high commodity value, whereas fiat money fiat coins such as modern day Quarter United States coin quarters have a low commodity value. This is of particular historical relevance when analyzed in light of Gresham s Law . Debt Asset backed debt has a commodity value equal to the price of the Collateral finance collateral a loan backed by a house has a commodity value equal to the free market price of the house. Non collateralized debt, on the other hand, does not have a commodity value it is valuable only insofar as it is repaid. Investment Commodity value is an important consideration in hedging against inflation . Whereas fiat currencies can devalue, often hyperinflation catastrophically , currencies with considerable commodity value are known to better maintain their value a government can print as many fiat bills as it wants with relative ease, the same is not true of mining precious metals . This leads some investors to purchase goods and debts with high commodity value, which are inherently safer than those with low, or no commodity value, minimizing risk by sacrificing potential return. See also Gold as an investment Category Commodities used as an investment Category Business terms economic term stub ... more details
A commodity broker is a firm or individual who executes orders to buy or sell commodity contracts on behalf ... for his own account is called a Trader finance trader . Commodity contracts include Futures contract futures , option finance options , and similar financial derivatives . Clients who trade commodity ... commodity brokers traded grain and livestock futures contracts, today commodity brokers trade a wide ... growing list of other underlying assets. Ever since the 1980s, the majority of commodity contracts .... Firms and individuals who are often collectively called commodity brokers include Floor Broker Trader an individual who trades commodity contracts on the floor of a commodity exchange . When ... of a trader. Floor trading is conducted in the pits of a commodity exchange via open outcry ... orders for commodity contracts traded on an exchange and holds client funds to Margin finance ... or accepts orders for commodity contracts traded on an exchange. IBs do not actually hold customer funds to margin. Client funds to margin are held by a FCM associated with the IB. Commodity ... NFA commodity trading advisors index.HTML ref a firm or individual that, for compensation or profit, advises others, on the trading of commodity contracts. They advise commodity pools and offer hedge ... is generally the commodity equivalent to a financial advisor or mutual fund manager. Commodity Pool Operator CPO ref National Futures Association CPO http www.nfa.futures.org NFA compliance NFA commodity pool operators index.HTML ref a firm or individual that operates commodity pools advised by a CTA. A commodity pool is essentially the commodity equivalent to a mutual fund. Registered Commodity ..., duly registered and licensed to conduct the activities of a FCM, IB, CTA, or CPO. This is the commodity ... must pass the Series 3 National Commodity Futures Examination administered by the Financial Industry ..., as well as their RCR APs, are required to register with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2008 A soft commodity is a commodity such as coffee , Cocoa bean cocoa , sugar , Maize corn , wheat , soybean and fruit . This term generally refers to commodities that are grown, rather than mined. Soft commodities play a major part in the futures market . They are used both by farmers wishing to lock in the future prices of their Crop agriculture crops , and by speculative investors seeking a profit. See also Hard commodity Category Commodities used as an investment Category Financial terminology finance stub ... more details
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