too technical date April 2011 Semelfactives are a class of aktionsart or verbal aspect linguistics aspect that deal with events that are instantaneous momentive, or punctual . It is a type of perfective aspect that is lexical rather than grammatical. An English example of a semelfactive aktionsart verb a verb describing an action that only occurs once by semantic definition is blink . Semelfactives were posited as a fifth class of aktionsart by Bernard Comrie 1976 ref Carlota Smith, The parameter of aspect, Kluwer 1991 ref . States e.g. know , activities or processes e.g. run , and accomplishments paint a picture are seen as durative, while semelfactives and achievements e.g. recognize are punctual. Like achievements and accomplishments, semelfactives are viewed as telic , i.e. having a fixed end point. References reflist Semelfactives, as a lexical aspect, is proposed by Carlotta S. Smith in 1991. According to Smith, semelfactives are instantaneous atelic events, e.g. knock , cough . Atelic refers to those processes which are seen not having a natural completion. Category Verb types ... more details
Disputed date November 2008 The lexical aspect or aktionsart IPA de ak tsi o ns a t , plural aktionsarten IPA ak tsi o ns a tn of a verb is a part of the way in which that verb is structured in relation to time . Any event, state, process, or action a verb expresses collectively, any eventuality may also be said to have the same lexical aspect. Lexical aspect is distinguished from grammatical aspect lexical aspect is an inherent property of a semantic eventuality, whereas grammatical aspect is a property of a syntactic or morphological realization. Lexical aspect is invariant, while grammatical aspect can be changed according to the whims of the speaker. For example, eat an apple differs from sit in that there is a natural endpoint or conclusion to eating an apple. There is a time at which the eating is finished, completed, or all done. By contrast, sitting can merely stop unless we add more details, it makes no sense to say that someone finished sitting. This is a distinction of lexical aspect between the two verbs. Verbs that have natural endpoints are called Telicity telic from Ancient Greek telos , end those without are called atelic. Categories Zeno Vendler 1957 classified verbs into four categories those that express activity , accomplishment , achievement and state . Activities and accomplishments are distinguished from achievements and states in that the former allow the use of continuous and progressive aspects . Activities and accomplishments are distinguished from each other by boundedness activities do not have a terminal point a point before which the activity cannot be said to have taken place, and after which the activity cannot continue for example John drew a circle whereas accomplishments do. Of achievements and states, achievements are instantaneous ... aspects DEFAULTSORT Lexical Aspect Category Grammar de Aktionsart fr Aspect lexical it Azione linguistica pl Rodzaj czynno ci sv Aktionsart uk ... more details
wiktionary Aspect may be Aspect computer science , a feature that is linked to many parts of a program, but which is not necessarily the primary function of the program Grammatical aspect , in linguistics, a component of the conjugation of a verb, having to do with the internal temporal flow of an event Aktionsart Lexical aspect , in linguistics, a distinction among different kinds of verb according to their relation to time Astrological aspect , the relative angle between two heavenly bodies Aspect geography , the direction in which a slope faces Aspect trade union , a trade union in the United Kingdom An anatomic term, see Anatomical terms of location no internal links Aspect real estate , the direction in which a property faces Companies Aspect Co., Ltd. , a Japanese video game company. Aspect Consulting , a European public relation company. no mainspace internal links Aspect Software , a software corporation specialized in software solutions for call centers. Warner Aspect , an imprint of the publishing company Warner Books, focusing on works of science fiction. People no internal links Aspect dance musician , aka Dara McCarthy, a dance musician from Dublin, Ireland Alain Aspect , a French physicist Aspect may also refer to In railway signalling , the aspect is the number of lights on a signal, and their state. For example, the standard three light traffic signal is a three aspect signal. In Dungeons & Dragons Miniatures Game Dungeons & Dragons Miniatures , aspect refers to a figure which is the representation of a god, e.g. Aspect of Kord. See also Aspect ratio disambig cs Aspekt da Aspekt de Aspekt es Aspecto fr Aspect homonymie ka nl Aspect ja no Aspekt nn Aspekt pl Aspekt pt Aspecto ru simple Aspect sk Aspekt fi Aspekti uk ... more details
Grammatical aspect is distinguished from lexical aspect or aktionsart , which is an inherent feature ... for five hours , but not I bought a car for five hours . Lexical aspect is sometimes called Aktionsart ... Aktionsart Ancient Greek grammar Dependence of moods and tenses Ancient Greek grammar Dependence of moods ... Bache, C. 1982 . Aspect and Aktionsart Towards a semantic distinction. Journal of Linguistics, 18 .... Kortmann, B. 1991 . The Triad Tense Aspect Aktionsart . Belgian Journal of Linguistics, 6, 9 ... and Aktionsart. In E. K. Brown Ed. , Encyclopedia of language and linguistics Vol. 1, pp. ... more details
refimprove date December 2009 Coverb is a term in theoretical linguistics most often applied in languages with serial verb construction , but also for complex predicate s consisting of two verb s with one of them being an auxiliary verb contributing different kinds of information like linguistic modality modality , direction or aktionsart . It fulfills a similar function as adposition s would in many Indo European languages like Dutch language Dutch or Russian language Russian . Coverbs exist in a number of east and south east Asian languages e.g. Chinese language Chinese , as well as west African languages e.g. Yoruba language Yoruba . Coverbs are differentiated from converb s, which are non finite verb forms used to express Subordination linguistics subordination . Chinese Ruby notice In Chinese linguistics, the coverb is a part of speech that includes words that are lexically verbs, but are generally used to convey the meaning of prepositions. The term preverb is also sometimes used to refer to coverbs however that term has its own separate meaning as well. Whether prepositions exist in Chinese is sometimes considered an open question. The role of prepositions in Chinese is fulfilled by localizers appearing as postposition s, and by coverbs ref Cite web url http www rohan.sdsu.edu dept chinese aspect wordorder.html title Word order is important in Chinese publisher Department of Linguistics and Oriental Languages, San Diego State University accessdate 2009 12 21 ref . For this reason, coverbs are often referred to as prepositions because they appear before the noun phrase they modify. In Chinese, both prepositions and coverbs are referred to as pinyin ji c . However, unlike prepositions, coverbs can sometimes stand alone as main verbs. The use of coverbs is part of the serial verb construction , which is a basic feature of Chinese grammar . For instance ruby zh p w ruby zh p b ng ruby zh p n ruby zh p zh o ruby zh p t ruby zh p . br litera ... more details
aspects are most common in languages in which the Aktionsart of the verb is not a heavily governing ... to override the otherwise non durational Aktionsart of content verbs. align left Durational ... more details
expressions of Aktionsart are common. Verbs do not change form according to their subject ... aspectual system survives in two aktionsart affixes, perfective aspect perfective often inceptive ... prepositions may also be used as aktionsart prefixes, such as el out of , used to indicate that an action ... more details
with Aspect grammar aspect ual meanings with the semantic aktionsart of different verbs. However ..., the indicative mood will be interpreted as complete or incomplete depending on the verbal aktionsart ... purely derivational devices of expressing meaning related to aspect and aktionsart, e.g. sar expressing ... between aktionsart, aspect and still other functions not fitting into these categories would yet have ... more details
Tense C Mood D Aspect 1 E Aspect 2 F Aspect 3 G Aktionsart Lexical Aspect Stem Suffixes I Possessed ... 1 and position 2 preverb . grammatical aspect Aspect 1 and the lexical aspect Aktionsart are also ... more details
This article deals with the grammar of the Udmurt language the article Udmurt language discusses the language in general and contains a quick overview of the language. Pronouns Udmurt pronoun s are inflected much in the same way that their referent nouns are. However, personal pronouns are only inflected in the grammatical cases and cannot be inflected in the locative cases. Personal pronouns Somewhat like in English, Udmurt personal pronoun s are used to refer to human beings only. However, the third person singular can be referred to it . Udmurt personal pronouns only inflect in the grammatical cases and the approximative case. The nominative case of personal pronouns are listed in the following table class wikitable border 1 cellspacing 0 cellpadding 2 colspan 2 style background cfcfcf Personal pronouns style background dfdfdf Udmurt English colspan 2 style background efefef Singular o I o you co she or he or it colspan 2 style background efefef Plural we you cooc they Reflexive pronouns Udmurt reflexive pronouns only inflect in the grammatical cases and the approximative case. The nominative case of reflexive pronouns are listed in the following table class wikitable border 1 cellspacing 0 cellpadding 2 colspan 2 style background cfcfcf Reflexive pronouns style background dfdfdf Udmurt English colspan 2 style background efefef Singular ac a me myself ac a you yourself ac a she herself he himself it itself colspan 2 style background efefef Plural ac eoc we ourselves ac oc you yourselves ac c oc they themselves Interrogative pronouns Udmurt interrogative pronouns inflect in all cases. However, the inanimate interrogative pronouns what in the locative cases have the base form . The nominative case of interrogative pronouns are listed in the following table class wikitable border 1 cellspacing 0 cellpadding 2 colspan 2 style background cfcfcf Interrogative pronouns nominative case style background dfdfdf Udmurt English colspan 2 style background ... more details
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