Infobox Company name Affymetrix company logo Image Affymetrix Logo Platinum.png 164px Affymetrix type ... US 327 Million small FY 2009 small ref name 09IncomeStatement wikinvest stock Affymetrix AFFX Data Income Statement Affymetrix AFFX annual SEC income statement filing via Wikinvest ref operating income ... stock Affymetrix AFFX Data Balance Sheet Affymetrix AFFX annual SEC balance sheet filing via Wikinvest ... quotesearch title Company Profile for Affymetrix Inc AFFX accessdate 2008 10 20 ref parent divisions ... yes to change labels to international instead of US terminology Affymetrix NASDAQ AFFX is a company ... according to the Affymetrix trademark, using Fabrication semiconductor semiconductor manufacturing ... popularity of microarray products, Affymetrix derives significant benefit from its patent portfolio ..., ref cite web url http www.bioresearchonline.com article.mvc Affymetrix Acquires Genetic MicroSystems 0001?VNETCOOKIE NO title Affymetrix Acquires Genetic MicroSystems date 1999 09 14 accessdate ... investor.affymetrix.com phoenix.zhtml?c 116408&p irol newsArticle pf&ID 120125&highlight title Affymetrix ... 12 publisher Affymetrix ref ParAllele Bioscience for custom SNP genotyping , USB Corporation USB Anatrace for biochemical reagents , ref cite web url http www.usbweb.com assets USB Affymetrix FAQs.pdf title Affymetrix Acquisition of USB Frequently Asked Questions date 2008 01 31 accessdate 2009 03 12 publisher Affymetrix ref and Panomics and True Materials to expand its offering of low to mid plex applications. ref cite web url http www.panomics.com downloads Panomics Affy.pdf title Affymetrix to acquire Panomics date 2008 11 11 accessdate 2009 03 12 publisher Affymetrix ref ref cite web url http findarticles.com p articles mi hb6656 is 8 17 ai n28573931 title Affymetrix acquires bead based ... out from Affymetrix to focus on wafer scale genomics for massive data creation and collection required ... process. Description of product Advert date July 2008 Image Affymetrix microarray.jpg thumb right 150px ... more details
Summary logo fur REQUIRED Article Affymetrix Use Org HIGHLY RECOMMENDED Source Affymetrix corporate branding materials, internal distribution. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Used for Display of Affymetrix logo on the main Affymetrix article. Owner Affymetrix, Inc. Website http www.affymetrix.com History This logo supercedes the original multicolor logo as of October 2008. Previous logo Image Affymetrix Logo.svg 164px Affymetrix Commentary OVERRIDE FIELDS Description Portion Low resolution Purpose Replaceability other information Licensing Non free logo History of File Affymetrix Logo Platinum.jpg 2009 03 13T06 10 26Z User SteveChervitzTrutane SteveChervitzTrutane User talk SteveChervitzTrutane Talk Special Contributions SteveChervitzTrutane contribs 643 bytes nowiki Removed superfluous fair use rationale section copied from previous logo. Some rewording in logo template items. Using Image link instead of File link. nowiki 2009 03 13T06 02 00Z User SteveChervitzTrutane SteveChervitzTrutane User talk SteveChervitzTrutane Talk Special Contributions SteveChervitzTrutane contribs 2182 bytes nowiki Fair use rationale for article Fair use tag, based on Template Image license fairuse This is the ifeq historical yes historical current corporate logo belonging to if owner owner nowiki 2009 03 13T06 02 00Z User SteveChervitzTrutane SteveChervitzTrutane User talk SteveChervitzTrutane Talk Special Contributions SteveChervitzTrutane contribs 1560x738 153591 bytes ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Context date October 2009 Affymetrix GeneChip Operating Software GCOS is a software system for managing Affymetrix microarray data. It captures and analyzes the array images, provides workflow tracking of data, manages experiment data, and carries out basic expression analysis. References Empty section date July 2010 External links http www.affymetrix.com products software specific gcos.affx GCOS Home Page http www.affymetrix.com support technical tutorial gcos index.affx GCOS Tutorials http www.affymetrix.com Auth support downloads manuals gcos manual.zip GCOS Manual zip Category Bioinformatics software Category Gene expression Category Microarrays Bioinformatics stub business software stub ... more details
primarysources biography date February 2008 Dr. Stephen P. A. Steve Fodor born in Seattle , Washington U.S. state Washington is the founder of Affymetrix , a company that produces DNA microarrays to screen gene expression and genetic variations in large portions of such genomes as human, rat, and mouse, which is currently widely used in research, and could be used to screen patients for diseases. He was awarded the Association of Biomolecular Resource Facilities Award for outstanding contributions to Biomolecular Technologies in 2005, and was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2009. A scholarly article describing the discovery and advancement of microarray technology and Fodor s contributions to it is available here The emergence and diffusion of DNA microarray technology Author s Lenoir Tim, Giannella Eric Journal Journal of Biomedical Discovery and Collaboration Year 2006 Full text http www.j biomed discovery.com content 1 1 11 External links http www.affymetrix.com about affymetrix fodorbio.affx Steve Fodor Biography on Affymetrix web site DEFAULTSORT Fodor, Stephen Category American biologists Category Living people US business bio stub ... more details
GCOS may refer to Affymetrix GeneChip Operating Software Global Climate Observing System General Comprehensive Operating System , a family of operating systems orientated toward mainframes, originally called GECOS General Electric Comprehensive Operating Supervisor See also GKOS keyboard Geckos GameCube OS A homebrew Operating System for the Nintendo Gamecube and later Nintendo Wii Google Chrome Operating System An open source, lightweight operating system that will initially be targeted at netbooks disambig de GCOS fr GCOS pl GECOS ... more details
The Newcomb Cleveland Prize of the American Association for the Advancement of Science AAAS is annually awarded to author s of outstanding scientific paper published in the Research Articles or Reports sections of Science journal Science . Established in 1923, funded by Newcomb Cleveland who remained anonymous until his death in 1951, and for this period it was known as the AAAS Thousand Dollar Prize . The present rules were instituted in 1975, previously it had gone to author s of papers noteworthy paper, representing an outstanding contribution to science, presented in a regular session, sectional or societal, during the AAAS Annual Meeting. It is now sponsored by Affymetrix . External links http www.aaas.org aboutaaas awards newcomb index.shtml http www.aaas.org aboutaaas awards newcomb newcomb winners.shtml http archives.aaas.org awards.php?a id 7 award stub Category Science and engineering awards Category Awards established in 1923 ... more details
After claiming also late claiming is the practice of filing a US patent application after the publication by a third party of a description of the same invention. ref http www.patentlens.net daisy patentlens 2772.html What is after claiming? Patent Lens blog ref This is possible in US patent law since an inventor has one year after the publication of the description of an invention to get a patent application on file. In order to get the patent, however, the inventor must submit a declaration supported by evidence that he or she conceived of the invention before the third party publication. The inventor must also provide evidence that he or she was diligent in either reducing the invention to practice or in filing the patent application. Example On December 28, 1995, a Synteni now Incyte Genomics patent application WO 95 35505 was published describing a new microarray invention. A Synteni competitor, Affymetrix , filed a patent application describing almost exactly the same invention within six months. This patent application issued as US patent 5800992 . Affymetrix then sued Synteni for patent infringement . The case was eventually settled with both parties cross licensing their patents to each other. ref http papers.ssrn.com sol3 papers.cfm?abstract id 1288313 Bergman et al., Evaluating the risk of patent infringement by means of semantic patent analysis the case of DNA chips , R&D Management 38, 5, 2008. p 552 ref References reflist See also Patent Patent ambush Submarine patent Category United States patent law ... more details
Affymetrix Microsoft Eric Topol References references External links http www.navigenics.com partners ... www.affymetrix.com Official Affymetrix site http www.microsoft.com en us default.aspx Official Microsoft ... more details
. Supported formats IGB reads data in dozens of formats, including BAM, BED, Affymetrix CHP, FASTA ... Affymetrix IGB site http bioserver.hci.utah.edu BioInfo index.php Software IGB IGB page at the Huntsman ... more details
RMA may refer to Randolph Macon Academy Rate monotonic analysis for rate monotonic scheduling systems Refusal of medical assistance , where a patient or their medical power of attorney refuses treatment and or transport to a hospital by Emergency Medical Services Regional Mobility Authority Registered Medical Assistant Resource Management Act , an Act of Parliament in New Zealand Respect for Marriage Act Return merchandise authorization , returning goods to the supplier for repair or replacement Revolution in Military Affairs , the recent rapid development of military technology and its corresponding impact on warfare Richmond Metropolitan Authority Risk & Margin Analysis Riverside Museum Associates , a non profit that supports the Riverside Metropolitan Museum Robust Multi chip Average , Affymetrix normalization method Rocky Mountain Arsenal , near Denver, Colorado Royal Marine Artillery , formerly a part of the Royal Marines Royal Military Academy Rubin Museum of Art Russian martial arts MTV Russian Music Awards disambig de RMA fr RMA it RMA ja RMA pt RMA ru RMA ... more details
Infobox Company company name USB Corporation company logo Image USB Logo.png vector logo company type genre foundation 1980s founder location city Cleveland, OH location country USA origins key people area served industry products revenue operating income net income num employees parent divisions subsid owner company slogan Fueling Innovation in Life Science sup TM sup homepage http www.usbweb.com www.usbweb.com dissolved footnotes USB Corporation offers life science products for use in basic research, drug discovery and molecular diagnostics. The company history reaches back to the 1980s, as United States Biochemical, known for Sequenase DNA Polymerase , a genetically modified enzyme used to develop the first easy to use DNA sequencing products. Today, USB focuses on molecular biology and biochemical products for DNA amplification PCR , purification, cloning , protein studies and RNA analysis. USB was acquired by Affymetrix at the start of 2008. Category Research support companies Category Companies based in Cleveland, Ohio US company stub ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Infobox Software name GESS developer NCSS, LLC http www.ncss.com latest release version GESS 2006 latest release date May, 2006 operating system Microsoft Windows Windows genre gene expression analysis license Proprietary software website http www.ncss.com www.ncss.com GESS is a computer program for analyzing gene expression data obtained from microarrays. NCSS LLC is the name of the company that produces GESS. NCSS LLC also produces PASS Power Analysis and Sample Size and NCSS for general statistical analysis . GESS Gene Expression Statistical System supports Affymetrix, GenePix, Agilent, generic two channel and generic expression platforms. Statistical Analyses in GESS Fold Change Analysis Paired T Tests One Group T Tests Two Group T Tests One Factor ANOVA Two Factor ANOVA Repeated Measures ANOVA GLM ANOVA Analysis of Covariance Multiple Regression Cox Regression Logistic Regression Principal Components Analysis Hierarchical Cluster Analysis External links http www.ncss.com Official NCSS Homepage Category Bioinformatics software Category Microarrays ... more details
new medicines. In 1991 he founded Affymetrix , specializing in using genetics for developing new medicine. He was also involved in the creation of Perlegen Sciences , an Affymetrix Corporate ... more details
by Affymetrix in 2000 for 280 million. ref http www.highbeam.com doc 1G1 59316515.html Affymetrix acquires GMS ref In 2003 he became CEO of NimbleGen Systems, ref http www.bioarraynews.com ... more details
Sequencing by Hybridization is a class of methods for determining the order in which nucleotides occur on a strand of DNA . Typically used for looking for small changes relative to a known DNA sequence . The binding of one strand of DNA to its complementary strand in the DNA double helix aka hybridization is sensitive to even single base mismatches when the hybrid region is short or is specialized mismatch detection proteins are present. This is exploited in a variety of ways, most notable via DNA chips or microarrays with thousands to billions of synthetic oligonucleotides found in a genome of interest plus many known variations or even all possible single base variations. This technology has largely been displaced by Sequencing by synthesis based methods. Examples of commercial systems Affymetrix http www.completegenomics.com Complete Genomics Inc. References Drmanac R et al. Sequencing by hybridization SBH advantages, achievements, and opportunities. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol. 2002 77 75 101. PMID 12227738 Hanna GJ et al. Comparison of Sequencing by Hybridization and Cycle Sequencing for Genotyping of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase . J Clin Microbiol. 2000 July 38 7 2715 2721. PMID 10878069 Church, George M. Genomes for all. Scientific American. 2006 Jan 294 1 52. DOI 10.1038 scientificamerican0106 46 PMID 16468433 See also Sequencing by ligation Category DNA sequencing Category Laboratory techniques ... more details
orphan date August 2009 Biobank Central is a web based portal dedicated to advancing the use of human biological materials for research, in order to accelerate the development of new medical therapies and cures. A biobank is a repository that stores biological samples like DNA, tissue, blood, and blood serum. Biobank Central aims to spread public awareness about the critical role of biobanks in research and development, increase the amount of biological data available to researchers, and encourage sharing data among different biobanks around the world. The website provides up to date news about biorepositories, offers patient and public education programs, and hosts an open forum for international collaboration. Biobank Central was launched by FasterCures on April 19, 2006, and in its first year of operation was sponsored by IBM Healthcare and Life Sciences , Affymetrix , Bioaccelerate Holdings Inc. , and Invitrogen Corporation . References Biobanks. WikiAdvocacy. 16 August 2008. Retrieved 2009 06 24. http wikiadvocacy.org index.php BioBanks Imster, Eleanor and Jeremy Shere. Would biobank sharing lead to cures for diseases? EarthSky A Clear Voice for Science. Retrieved 2009 06 24. http www.earthsky.org radioshows 52726 would biobank sharing lead to cures for diseases FasterCures launches Biobank Central. FasterCures. 19 April 2006. Retrieved on 2009 06 24. http www.fastercures.org index.cfm MediaCenter PressReleases Archive?NID 136 External links http www.biobankcentral.org BioBank Central http www.biobankcentral.org WikiAdvocacy http www.twitter.com biobankcentral Twitter http www.fastercures.org FasterCures DEFAULTSORT Biobank Central Category Non profit organizations Category Healthcare Category Public services Category Healthcare quality ... more details
In statistics, quantile normalization is a technique for making two probability distribution distributions identical in statistical properties. To quantile normalize a test distribution to a reference distribution of the same length, sort the test distribution and sort the reference distribution. The highest entry in the test distribution then takes the value of the highest entry in the reference distribution, the next highest entry the next highest entry in the reference distribution, and so on, until the test distribution is a perturbation of the reference distribution. To quantile normalize two or more distributions to each other, without a reference distribution, sort as before, then set to the average usually, arithmetical mean of the distributions. So the highest value in all cases becomes the mean of the highest values, the second highest value becomes the mean of the second highest values, and so on. Generally a reference distribution will be one of the standard statistical distributions such as the Gaussian distribution or the Poisson distribution . The reference distribution can be generated randomly or from taking regular samples from the cumulative distribution function of the distribution. However any reference distribution can be used. Quantile normalization is frequently used in microarray data analysis. References BM Bolstad RA Irizarry M Anstrand & TP Speed 2003 A comparison of normalization methods for high density oligonucleotide array data based on variance and bias . Bioinformatics , 19 2 185 193 External links http www.bea.ki.se staff reimers Web.Pages Affymetrix.Normalization.htm Normalization of Affymetrix Chips Category Data analysis ... more details
Wilson CL, Miller CJ title Simpleaffy a BioConductor package for Affymetrix Quality Control and data ... meaningful. The current Affymetrix MAS5 algorithm, which uses both perfect match and mismatch ... summarization method for affymetrix probe level data. Bioinformatics, 22 8 , 943 949. http bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org ... more details
AmpliChip CYP450 Test is a clinical test from Hoffmann La Roche Roche . The test aims to find the specific gene types a genotype of the patient that will determine how he or she metabolizes certain medicines, therefore guides the doctors to prescribe medicine for best effectiveness and least side effects. The AmpliChip CYP450 Test uses micro array technology from Affymetrix GeneChip to determine the genotype of the patient in terms of two cytochrome P450 enzymes 2D6 and 2C19. 2D6 and 2C19 variability CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 belong to the Cytochrome P450 oxidase family. CYP2D6 has over 90 variants, 2C19 has mainly three. They are responsible for the majority of the inter individual variability in the ability to metabolize drugs. There are four phenotypes of CYP2D6 Poor Metabolizer PM , Intermediate Metabolizer IM , Extensive normal Metabolizer EM and Ultrarapid Metabolizer UM . For CYP2C19, there are only two phenotypes PM and EM. If a substrate of the enzyme is giving to the patient as a medication, and if the patient has reduced CYP2D6 or CYP2C19 activity, the patient will have elevated drug concentration in their body, and therefore severe side effects may occur. On the other hand, for the UM patient, the drug concentration might be too low to have a therapeutic effect. So testing the phenotype of the patient is important to help determine the optimum dosage of the drug. How Does It Work The test analyzes the DNA of a patient to determine the genotype , and prediction of the phenotype can then be made. The DNA sample comes from blood as Roche suggests or, alternatively, comes from a mouth brush called buccal swab . The analysis has five steps after DNA is extracted from patient samples PCR amplication of the gene. Fragmentation and labeling of the PCR product Hybridisation molecular biology Hybridization and staining on the AmpliChip DNA microarray. Scanning the chip. Data analysis. FDA Approval FDA approved the test on December 24, 2004. The AmpliChip CYP450 test is t ... more details
Refimprove date March 2008 Maxygen Inc. Nasdaq MAXY is a biopharmaceutical company focused on developing improved versions of protein drugs using DNA shuffling and other protein modification technologies. The company is headquartered in Redwood City, CA. Clinical Programs Maxygen s clinical programs include a novel G CSF for the treatment of chemotherapy induced neutropenia , which entered clinical trials in 2006. Maxygen also has a preclinical program, MAXY 4, to develop a novel CTLA4 Ig therapeutic for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases. Technologies Maxygen was established to commercially exploit its proprietary recombination based technologies for creating genetic diversity, known as its Molecular Breeding directed evolution platform. These technologies allow the generation of millions of variant genes and proteins, which then can be screened to identify those of potential commercial interest. This laboratory process mimics the powerful natural process of evolution. Maxygen s work has led to numerous scientific publications and patents. Other protein engineering and protein modification technologies used by Maxygen include mutagenesis , rational design, PEGylation , glycosylation , and de immunization. History Maxygen was founded in 1997 by Dr. Alejandro Zaffaroni , a San Francisco Bay Area scientist and entrepreneur, and 3 co founders Dr. Willem P.C. Stemmer , Dr. Russell Howard and Isaac Stein. Dr. Zaffaroni has founded multiple companies including ALZA Corporation, DNAX Research Institute, Affymax, Affymetrix , Symyx Technologies , and Alexza . Maxygen has demonstrated that the MolecularBreeding directed evolution platform has commercial potential in a number of areas, including agriculture, veterinary medicine, enzyme chemical processes, and human therapeutics. To accelerate its development of improved biopharmaceuticals, Maxygen acquired the Danish company Profound Pharma A S in 2000, created by Christian Karsten Hansen and ... more details
software packages focused on the analysis of single channel Affymetrix and two or more channel ... packages are available for pre processing Affymetrix and Complementary DNA cDNA array data identifying ... alignment software R programming language DNA Microarray Affymetrix , a microarray technology ... more details
about the business manager the politician John Andrew Young John A. Young born April 24, 1932 is an American business executive. He was chief executive officer of Hewlett Packard from 1978 to 1992. He also formerly served as a director of Wells Fargo & Company . Biography Young was born in 1932 in Nampa, Idaho . His home town is best known for the discovery in 1889 of a high quality prehistoric figurine. ref G. Frederick Wright, The Idaho Find , American Antiquarian , Vol. 11 1889 , pp. 379 381. ref ref G. Frederick Wright, Man and the Glacial Period , Science , Vol. 20 1892 , pp. 275 277. ref He received his BS degree in electrical engineering in 1953 from Oregon State University , later receiving an MBA degree from Stanford University . Young served in the United States Air Force as a second lieutenant from 1954 to 1956. In 1958 he joined Hewlett Packard, rising to the post of vice president in 1968. He was elected executive vice president and a director in 1974. Young succeeded William Reddington Hewlett William Hewlett as president of Hewlett Packard in 1977, receiving the titles of chief operating officer in 1977 and chief executive officer in 1978. He was elected a director of Chevron Corporation Chevron in 1985. Upon the merger with Texaco in 2000, he became a director of Chevron Texaco, serving until 2003. Having had a long association with competitiveness issues, he chaired President Reagan s Commission on Industrial Competitiveness and in 1986 founded the Council on Competitiveness , serving as chairman until 1990. Young served on President Clinton s Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology from 1993 to 2000. Young retired in October 1992 as president and CEO of Hewlett Packard and was succeeded in both posts by Lewis E. Platt . In 1995 he was elected a director of Novell, serving as acting chairman from August 1996 to April 1997 and as vice chairman until 2001. Currently, Young is a director of Affymetrix, Inc., Vermillion, Inc. formerly Ciphbergen ... more details
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