receptor receptor and ligand biochemistry ligand . Affinitychromatography combines the size fractionation capability of gel permeation chromatography with the ability to design a chromatography ... Affinitychromatography can be used to Purify and concentrate a substance from a mixture into a buffering ... the antibody. Immobilized metal ion affinitychromatography Immobilized metal ion affinitychromatography ... common use of affinitychromatography is for the purification of recombinant proteins. Proteins ... is used to displace the tagged protein. Lectins Lectin affinitychromatography is a form of affinity ... Sciences, Immobilized lectin ref . References Reflist DEFAULTSORT AffinityChromatography Category ... be exploited during the affinity purification process. The process itself can be thought of as an entrapment ... in a process known as elution. Possibly the most common use of affinity chromotography is for the purification of recombinant proteins . Batch and column setup Image Affinity column.png right thumb Column chromatography 170px Image batch.jpg 170px right thumb Batch chromatography Binding to the solid phase may be achieved by column chromatography whereby the solid medium is packed onto a column ... ensure that the solid phase does not exit the column with the liquid phase. Specific uses Affinitychromatography can be used in a number of applications, including nucleic acid purification, protein ... is the affinity purification of antibodies from blood serum. If serum is known to contain ... against the antigen concerned then it can be used for the affinity purification of that antigen. This is also known as Immunoaffinity Chromatography. For example if an organism is immunised against a GST ... and used as an affinity ligand in purifications of antibody from immune serum. For thoroughness ... allowed to bind to the GST affinity matrix. This will remove antibodies against the GST part of the fusion ... as affinity purification is used to purify the initial GST fusion protein, to remove the undesirable ... more details
is A molecule with a high affinity for the chromatography matrix the displacer will compete effectively ... . Affinitychromatography details AffinitychromatographyAffinitychromatography ref Pascal Bailon, George K. Ehrlich, Wen Jian Fung and Wolfgang Berthold, An Overview of AffinityChromatography, Humana ... is obtained. Affinitychromatography often utilizes a biomolecule s affinity for a metal Zn, Cu, Fe ... properties. Immobilized Metal AffinityChromatography IMAC is useful to separate aforementioned ...pp semi small yes File Gas chromatograph.jpg thumb Pictured is a sophisticated gas chromatography system ... the chemical laboratory. Chromatography from Greek language Greek chroma color and graphein ... result in differential retention on the stationary phase and thus changing the separation. Chromatography may be preparative or analytical. The purpose of preparative chromatography is to separate the components of a mixture for further use and is thus a form of purification . Analytical chromatography ... of analytes in a mixture. The two are not mutually exclusive. History Main History of chromatography The history of chromatography begins during the mid 19th century. Chromatography, literally ... of plant pigments such as chlorophyll . New types of chromatography developed during the 1930s and 1940s made the technique useful for many types of separation process . Chromatography became developed ... chromatography, and their work encouraged the rapid development of several types of chromatography method paper chromatography , gas chromatography , and what would become known as high performance liquid chromatography . Since then, the technology has advanced rapidly. Researchers found that the main principles of Tsvet s chromatography could be applied in many different ways, resulting in the different varieties of chromatography described below. Simultaneously, advances continually improved the technical performance of chromatography, allowing the separation of increasingly similar molecules ... more details
Wiktionary affinityAffinity , in etymology affinity is the opposite of infinity . These two words have the same root coming from the Latin finis end . Affinity meaning is near to the finis e.g. close to the zero point in a before assumed space. On the other hand, from the Latin, affinis connected with , having ... attraction of feeling or kinship. A relationship by marriage or common bond. More precisely, affinity may refer to Science and technology Affinity mathematics an affine transformation which preserves collinearity Affinity pharmacology in biochemistry, protein ligand binding Affinity sociology AffinitychromatographyAffinity electrophoresis Affinity laws , in hydraulics, used to express the relationship between variables involved in fan or pump performance Chemical affinity the force of attraction between chemical species Electron affinity Processor affinity Ideas and thinking Theory of Forms ... Other meanings Affinity fraud , a type of scam targeting a specific demographic See BMJ Group for Affinity ... Affinity band , A Jazz Rock band active in the late 60s and early 70s Affinity Philippines band , a collective of Manila s premier jazz musicians The Leper Affinity , a song from Blackwater Park by Opeth Affinity law , kinship by marriage Affinity canon law , a kinship arising from the sexual intercourse of a man and a woman Affinity Christian organisation , formerly known as the British Evangelical Council Affinity Fire Emblem , the numerous bonuses units in the videogame Fire Emblem have from sharing support conversations with one another Affinity Stargate SG 1 Affinity Stargate SG 1 , a season 8 episode of Stargate SG 1 Affinity group small protest or activist groups of 10 30 people Affinity novel Affinity novel , 1999 novel by Sarah Waters Affinity , a 2008 feature film based on Sarah Waters novel Affinity , an independent jazz record label formed in California in 1991 See also ... it Affinit pl Powinowactwo fi Affinity ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2008 Infobox chemical analysis name Paper chromatography image Cromatography tank.png caption Chromatography jar acronym classification Chromatography analytes manufacturers related Thin layer chromatography hyphenated Paper chromatography is an analytical chemistry technique for separating and identifying mixtures that are or can be colored, especially pigment s. This can also be used in secondary or primary colors in ink experiments. This method has been largely replaced by thin layer chromatography , however it is still a powerful teaching tool. Two way paper chromatography , also called two dimensional chromatography , involves using two solvents and rotating the paper 90 in between. This is useful for separating complex mixtures of similar compounds, for example, amino acids . R sub sub value The retention factor R sub sub may be defined as the ratio of the distance traveled by the substance to the distance traveled by the solvent. R sub sub values are usually expressed as a fraction of two decimal places but it was suggested by Smith that a percentage figure should be used instead. If R sub sub value of a solution is zero, the solute remains in the stationary phase and thus it is immobile. If R sub sub value 1 then the solute has no affinity for the stationary phase and travels with the solvent front. To calculate the R sub sub value, take the distance traveled by the substance divided by the distance traveled by the solvent as mentioned earlier in terms of ratios . For example, if a compound travels 2.1 cm and the solvent front travels 2.8 cm, 2.1 2.8 the R sub sub value 0.75 chromatography DEFAULTSORT Paper Chromatography Category Chromatography de Papierchromatographie es Cromatograf a en papel et Paberkromatograafia it Cromatografia su carta nl Papierchromatografie ja pl Chromatografia bibu owa ru simple Chromatography paper sk Papierov chromatografia fi Paperikromatografia sv Papperskromatografi ... more details
displacement chromatography. pp 71 89 in M. Zachariou Ed. Methods in Molecular Biology Vol 421 AffinityChromatography Methods and Protocols. 2nd edition. Humana Press, Totowa NJ. ref It is primarily ... or displacement chromatography, there must be appreciable differences in the affinity of the respective ...Displacement chromatography is a chromatography technique in which a sample is placed onto the head of the column ... chromatography. Examples of other types of displacement chromatography are known. group n and is then displaced ... be obtained compared to other modes of chromatography. Discovery The advent of displacement chromatography .... Ark. Kemi. Mineral Geol. 16A 1 18 1943 . ref , who in 1943 first classified the modes of chromatography as frontal, elution , and displacement. Displacement chromatography has since found a variety ... Horvath. High performance displacement chromatography. pp 212 314 in C. Horvath Ed. High Performance Liquid Chromatography advances and perspectives. Vol. 5, Academic Press, San Diego, CA. ref ..., and J. Frenz. High performance displacement chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 218, 365 393 1981 ... uniform affinity. In this case the vertical axis represents the amount bound per unit of stationary ... principle of displacement chromatography is there are only a finite number of binding sites for solutes ... to others. As in any chromatography, equilibrium is established between molecules of a given kind ... forms of chromatography, including gel permeation chromatography and some liquid liquid partition systems ... with a high chemical affinityaffinity for the matrix the displacer will compete more effectively for binding sites, leaving the mobile phase enriched in the lower affinity solute. Flow of mobile phase through the column preferentially carries off the lower affinity solute and thus at high concentration the higher affinity solute will eventually displace all molecules with lesser affinities. Mode ... The higher affinity solutes are preferentially retained near the head of the column, with the lower ... more details
for the invention and development of affinitychromatography and its applications to biomedical ...The history of chromatography spans from the mid 19th century to the 21st. Chromatography , literally ... and yellow . New forms of chromatography developed in the 1930s and 1940s made the technique useful ... nothing to do with chromatography and instead should be considered a precursor of chemical spot test ... variety of substances. Unlike modern paper chromatography, capillary analysis used reservoirs of the substance ... identical to modern paper chromatography, was published just before the independent&mdash and far ... use of paper chromatography. ref Ettre 2001 , p. 412. ref Tsvet and column chromatography The first true chromatography is usually attributed to the Russian botanist Mikhail Tsvet . Tsvet applied his ... of the Warsaw Society of Naturalists, section of biology. He first used the term chromatography ... that his naming the procedure chromatography literally color writing was a way that he could make ... experiments on plant pigments&mdash a precursor to paper chromatography . He found that he could ... chromatographyChromatography methods changed little after Tsvet s work until the explosion ... Martin and Richard Laurence Millington Synge . By the marrying of two techniques, that of chromatography and that of countercurrent solvent extraction , Martin and Synge developed partition chromatography ... extraction machines and liquid liquid chromatography methods where the liquids move in opposite ... of identifying the amino acid constituents of peptides, Martin and Synge turned to other chromatography ... of filter paper as the stationary phase for performing chromatography on amino acids paper chromatography ... the pentapeptide sequence of Gramicidin S . These and related paper chromatography methods were also ... gas chromatography the principles of which Martin and Synge had laid out in their landmark 1941 ..., for their earlier chromatography work Martin announced the successful separation of a wide ... more details
2011 Stationary phase Image Column chromatography sequence.png 600px thumb Column chromatography proceeds by a series of steps. The stationary phase or adsorbent in column chromatography is a solid. The most common stationary phase for column chromatography is silica gel , followed by Aluminium oxide alumina . Cellulose powder has often been used in the past. Also possible are ion exchange chromatography , reversed phase chromatography RP , affinitychromatography or expanded bed adsorption ...Image Colortest.jpg frame right A chemist in the 1950s using column chromatography. The Erlenmeyer receptacles are on the floor. Column chromatography in chemistry is a method used to purify individual ... from micrograms up to kilograms.The main advantage of column chromatography is the relatively low cost and disposability of the ChromatographyChromatography terms stationary phase used in the process ... preparative chromatography column, is a glass tube with a diameter from 5 mm to 50 ... they elute one at a time. During the entire chromatography process the eluent is collected ... fraction is analyzed for dissolved compounds, e.g. by analytical chromatography, Ultraviolet UV absorption .... For silica column chromatography, this ratio lies within 20 1 to 100 1, depending on how close to each ... Setting up a flash chromatography column ref Mobile phase eluent The mobile phase or eluent is either ... of eluent to run the chromatography. The eluent has also been chosen so that the different compounds can be separated effectively. The eluent is optimized in small scale pretests, often using chromatography thin layer chromatography TLC with the same stationary phase. There is an optimum flow rate for each ... flash column chromatography . ref Still, W. C. Kahn, M. Mitra, A. J. Org. Chem. 1978 , 43 14 ... size of the stationary phase is generally finer in flash column chromatography than in gravity column chromatography. For example, one of the most widely used silica gel grades in the former technique ... more details
2008 br Countercurrent chromatography CCC or partition chromatography is a category of chromatography techniques ref cite journal doi 10.1126 science.167.3916.281 title Countercurrent Chromatography Liquid Liquid Partition Chromatography without Solid Support year 1970 author Ito, Y. journal Science ... of mixtures, in this case liquid liquid mixtures. ChromatographyChromatography in general ... phases of a Column chromatography column . The components can then be analyzed separately by various sorts of detectors which may or may not be integrated into an apparatus. Partition chromatography ... that is being analyzed. Standard column chromatography uses a solid stationary phase and a liquid mobile phase, while gas chromatography GC uses a liquid stationary phase on a solid support and a gaseous mobile phase. By contrast, in liquid liquid chromatography, both the mobile and stationary ... switched between various modes of operation simply by changing solvent s. With liquid liquid chromatography .... Nearly any pair of immiscible solutions can be used in liquid liquid chromatography ... generally cheaper than for High performance liquid chromatography HPLC , and the cost of purchasing ... of analyte found in each of the solvents at equilibrium and is related to the analyte s affinity ... Countercurrent Chromatography DCCC Droplet CCC is the oldest form of CCC. It uses only gravity to move ... and inefficient. Centrifugal Partition Chromatography CPC Centrifugal Partition Chromatography ... batch production. High Performance Countercurrent Chromatography HPCCC The operating principle ... using the GUESS mixture to evaluate counter current chromatography instruments journal Journal of Chromatography ... ref High Speed Countercurrent Chromatography HSCCC The modern era of CCC began with the development ... favorable environment for chromatography. There are numerous potential variants upon this instrument ... grams scale purification of xanthanolides from Xanthium macrocarpum. Centrifugal partition chromatography ... more details
A chromatography software , also known as a Chromatography data system CDS , collects and analyses chromatographic results delivered by chromatography detector s. Many chromatography software packages are provided by manufacturers, and many of them only provide a simple interface to acquire data. They also provide different tools to analyses these data. The most common tool is integration It computes simple areas to delimit peaks by adding valleys automatically or not. Areas are computed between two valleys, a signal, and a baseline. Another tool is the calibration . Next is a list of software providing these tools and many others Table type class wikitable sortable title Chromatography software hdrs Name Publisher Control Analysis Type Comments row9 Malcom ref http www.techsia.com Malcom Malcom on www.techsia.com ref Techsia yes Gas chromatography GC row10 Agilent ChemStation ChemStation ref http www.chem.agilent.com en us products software datasystems chemstation pages default.aspx ChemStation on www.chem.agilent.com ref Agilent yes limited Liquid chromatography LC XML, Macros row11 Chromeleon ref http www.dionex.com en us products chromatography software lp 71480.html Chromeleon on www.dionex.com ref Dionex yes yes Gas chromatography GC Liquid chromatography LC row12 Empower software Empower ref http www.waters.com waters nav.htm?cid 513188&lset 1&locale en US Empower on www.waters.com ref Waters Corporation Waters yes yes Liquid chromatography LC row21 OpenChrom Philip Wenig yes Gas chromatography GC Liquid chromatography LC open source Eclipse Public License EPL See also Laboratory informatics References reflist Category Chromatography software software type stub fr Logiciel de chromatographie nl Chromatografiedatasysteem ... more details
italictitle Infobox Journal cover File JChromA Cover.gif Image JChromA Cover.gif discipline Analytical chemistry Analytical Chemistry website http www.elsevier.com locate chroma publisher Elsevier country United States abbreviation J. Chromatogr. A history 1958 present impact 4.101 impact year 2009 ISSN 0021 9673 CODEN The Journal of Chromatography A is a Peer review peer reviewed scientific journal publishing research papers in analytical chemistry , with a focus on techniques and methods used for the separation and identification of mixtures. The 2009 impact factor of the journal is 4.101. ref Journal Citation Reports , 2010, published by Thomson Scientific ref Editors J.G. Dorsey Florida State University R.W. Giese Northeastern University C.F. Poole Wayne State University M. L. Riekkola University of Helsinki P.J. Schoenmakers University of Amsterdam V. Schurig University of T bingen Universit t T bingen N. Tanaka Kyoto Institute of Technology S. Terabe Shiga, Japan P.R. Haddad University of Tasmania S. Fanali Instituto di Metodologie Chimiche See also Journal of Chromatography B Notes reflist chromatography Category Chemistry journals Category Publications established in 1958 fr Journal of Chromatography A it Journal of Chromatography A ... more details
Infobox chemical analysis name Ion exchange chromatography caption Metrohm 850 Professional Ion Chromatography System acronym IC, IEC classification Chromatography analytes related High performance liquid chromatography br Aqueous Normal Phase Chromatography br Size exclusion chromatography br Micellar liquid chromatography hyphenated Ion exchange chromatography or ion chromatography is a process that allows ... calcium. In 1927, the first zeolite mineral Column chromatography column was used to remove interfering ... 1970s, ion chromatography was developed by Hamish Small and co workers at Dow Chemical Dow Chemical ... Chromatogram Ion exchange chromatography retains analyte molecules on the column based on Coulomb ... X that interact with analyte ions of opposite charge. This type of chromatography is further subdivided into cation exchange chromatography and anion exchange chromatography. The ionic compound consisting ... exchange chromatography retains positively charged cation s because the stationary phase displays ... R X text M , , text C , , text B math Anion exchange chromatography retains anions using positively ... thumb right 300 px Metrohm 850 Ion chromatography system A sample is introduced, either manually or with an autosampler ..., in cation exchange chromatography, the positively charged analyte could be displaced by the addition ... an IC system, a chromatography data system CDS is usually needed. In addition to IC systems, some of these CDSs can also control gas chromatography GC and HPLC Separating proteins Image Ion ... chromatography separates proteins according to their net charge, which is dependent on the composition ... to elute. See also Isoelectric point High performance liquid chromatography References No footnotes date March 2010 cite book author Small, Hamish title Ion chromatography publisher Plenum Press location ... Weiss, Joachim title Handbook of Ion Chromatography publisher Wiley VCH location Weinheim year 2005 ... Ion Chromatography publisher Wiley VCH location Weinheim year 2000 pages isbn 3 527 29914 9 oclc ... more details
A chromatography detector is a device used in gas chromatography GC or liquid chromatography LC to visualize components of the mixture being eluted off the chromatography column. There are two general types of detectors destructive and non destructive. The destructive detectors perform continuous transformation of the column effluent burning, evaporation or mixing with reagents with subsequent measurement of some physical property of the resulting material plasma, aerosol or reaction mixture . The non destructive detectors are directly measuring some property of the column effluent for example UV absorption and thus affords for the further analyte recovery. Destructive detectors Flame ionization detector . The column effluent is injected into hydrogen flame and the flame conductivity is measured. Only used in GC. Atomic emission detector AED . ref Kantor, E. A. Vozhdaeva, M. Y. Tsypysheva, L. G. Kantor, L. I. Journal of Analytical Chemistry 62, 11, 1069 1074 ref The column effluent is injected into plasma and the plasma spectrum is recorded. This detector allows for immediate determination of the elements present in the analyte. MS detector. The column effluent is continuously injected into Mass spectrometry mass spectrometer . This detector allows for immediate determination of the molecular weight of analyte and or fragmentation pattern thus providing a significant amount of information about analyte. Nitrogen Phosphorus Detector , used only in GC. Evaporative light scattering detector ELD . ref http www.cyberlipid.org elsd elsd0001.htm Evaporative light scattering detector ref The column effluent is continuously evaporated and the light scattering of the resulting aerosol is measured. Only used in LC. Non destructive detectors UV detectors, fixed or variable wavelength, which includes diode array detector DAD or PDA . The UV absorption of the effluent is continuously ... Reflist Category Chromatography Category Detectors technology stub nl Detector chromatografie ... more details
information Biomedical Chromatography is indexed in the following services ref name onlinelibrary ... 1099 0801 homepage ProductInformation.html chromatography Category Biochemistry journals Category Publications ... more details
Infobox chemical analysis name Gas chromatography image gaschromatograph.jpg caption A gas chromatograph with a headspace sampler acronym GLC, GC classification chromatography analytes organic compound ... layer chromatography br High performance liquid chromatography hyphenated Gas chromatography mass spectrometry Gas chromatography GC , is a common type of chromatography used in analytic chemistry ... be determined . In some situations GC may help in identifying a compound. In preparative chromatography ... 9 ref In gas chromatography, the mobile phase or moving phase is a carrier gas , usually an inert gas ... used to perform gas chromatography is called a gas chromatograph or aerograph , gas separator . The gaseous .... Gas chromatography is in principle similar to column chromatography as well as other forms of chromatography, such as High performance liquid chromatography HPLC , Thin layer chromatography ... is carried out between a liquid stationary phase and a gas mobile phase, whereas in column chromatography ... is Gas liquid chromatography , referring to the mobile and stationary phases, respectively ... of the gas can be controlled, whereas column chromatography typically has no such temperature ... function of the vapor pressure of the gas. ref name Pavia Gas chromatography is also similar to fractional ... microscale . ref name Pavia Gas chromatography is also sometimes known as vapor phase chromatography VPC , or gas liquid partition chromatography GLPC . These alternative names, as well as their respective ... correct terminology, and is thus preferred by many authors. ref name Pavia History Chromatography ... graduate student Fritz Prior developed solid state gas chromatography in 1947. Archer John Porter Martin ... chromatography, laid the foundation for the development of gas chromatography and he later produced liquid gas chromatography 1950 . Erika Cremer laid the groundwork, and oversaw much of Prior s work ... of detectors are used in gas chromatography. The most common are the flame ionization detector ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Chromatography Type Album Artist Second Person band Second Person Cover SecondPersonChromatographyAlbumCover.jpg Released 30 October 2004 Recorded 2002 to 2004 Genre Trip hop Post Trip Hop Length 52 46 Label Independent Producer Mark Maclaine producer Mark Maclaine The Silence Chromatography is a 2004 Trip hop Post Trip Hop album by Second Person band Second Person . This is the band s debut album and all songs were written by Julia Johnson and Mark Maclaine producer Mark Maclaine , except Word for Word which also credits Ed Webber and Tristan Kajanus, Demons Die which also credits lvaro L pez and Divine which was written by Julia Johnson. The album was recorded, Record producer produced and audio engineering mixed by Mark Maclaine aka The Silence producer The Silence at The Silence Corporation Studios, London. Trivia The opening song Too Cold To Snow was featured in the closing credits of 2006 film Dolls 2006 film Dolls directed by Susan Luciani and starring Joanna Lumley , Charles Dance and Denis Lawson . The songs I Spy and My Baby Only Cares For Me were originally written for the 2003 ski snowboard film Snow s in the House 2 http www.imdb.com title tt0814324 and they can be found as earlier incarnations on the film s soundtrack. Songs from this album have been featured on a number of films and television series, including those shown on the BBC , Channel 4 and the Extreme Sports Channel . Track listing Too Cold To Snow 4 42 Demons In The Scenery 3 48 No Window 4 21 I Spy 4 12 Wreckage 3 16 Demons Die 3 30 Word For Word 3 43 Nerve 4 07 My Baby Only Cares For Me 3 30 Senseless Sentences 4 20 Divine 4 09 Lucky Breaks 4 08 Grace 5 02 Harry Walkies 0 09 References http www.cdbaby.com secondperson CDBaby.com BBC Radio 2 Interview The Weekender with Matthew Wright 3 November 2005 Future Music Magazine interview November 2005 http www.doublebarrelproductions.co.uk Double Barrel Film Productions UK Second Person on the http ... more details
Affinity electrophoresis is a general name for many analytical methods used in biochemistry and biotechnology . Both qualitative and quantitative information may be obtained through affinity electrophoresis. The methods include the so called mobility shift electrophoresis, charge shift electrophoresis and affinity capillary electrophoresis . The methods are based on changes in the electrophoresis electrophoretic pattern of molecules mainly macromolecules through biospecific interaction or complex formation . The interaction or binding of a molecule, charged or uncharged, will normally change the electrophoretic properties of a molecule. Membrane proteins may be identified by a shift in mobility induced by a charged detergent . Nucleic acid s or nucleic acid fragments may be characterized by their affinity to other molecules. The methods has been used for estimation of binding constant s, as for instance in lectin affinity electrophoresis or characterization of molecules with specific features like glycan content or ligand binding. For enzymes and other ligand binding proteins, onedimentional electrophoresis similar to counter electrophoresis or to immunoelectrophoresis rocket immunoelectrophoresis , affinity electrophoresis may be used as an alternative quantification of the protein. Some of the methods are similar to affinitychromatography by use of immobilized ligands . See also Immunoelectrophoresis biochemistry stub Category Electrophoresis Category Molecular biology Category Protein methods Category Laboratory techniques Category Protein protein interaction assays ... more details
chemistry Valency AffinitychromatographyAffinity electrophoresis References reflist Notes 1911 External ...In chemical physics and physical chemistry , chemical affinity is the electronic property by which dissimilar ... Chemical affinity Chemical Affinity Britannica 1911 ref Chemical affinity can also refer to the tendency ... of the term affinity by the term thermodynamic free energy free energy in much of the English speaking world. Modern conceptions In modern terms, we relate affinity to the phenomenon whereby ... affinity for oxygen and carry it to all parts of the organism. In this antiquated context, chemical affinity is sometimes found synonymous with the term magnetic attraction . Many writings, up until about 1925, also refer to a law of chemical affinity . Thermodynamics In 1923, the Belgian mathematician and physicist Th ophile de Donder derived a relation between affinity A and the Gibbs free ..., Ilya Prigogine and Defay in Chemical Thermodynamics 1954 defined chemical affinity denoted by A as a function ... of state of non equilibrium systems where nowrap 1 A 0 . The present IUPAC definition is that affinity ... ref That is, math A left frac partial G partial xi right P,T . math It follows that affinity is positive for spontaneous reactions. History Chemical affinity , historically, refers to the electromagnetic ... of Chemistry , vol. 1. p.31 chemical affinity is described as an unknown force . 7th ed., 2 vols. ref A broad definition, used generally throughout history, is that chemical affinity is that whereby ..., H. title Affinity and Matter Elements of Chemical Philosophy 1800 1865 publisher Gordon and Breach ... the concept of affinity, saying, All chemical reactions drive the system to a state of chemical equilibrium equilibrium in which the affinities of the reactions vanish. The term affinity has been used ...., and reference to natural attraction is from 1616. The idea of affinity is extremely old. Many attempts ... a theory of affinity . The name affinitas was first used in the sense of chemical relation ... more details
Affinity Group may refer to affinity group , a small group of political activists Affinity Group Inc. , a provider of products and services to the recreational vehicle RV market disambig ... more details
Close Relationships Refimprove date July 2006 Affinity in terms of sociology , refers to kinship of spirit , Attention interest and other Interpersonal relationship interpersonal commonalities . Affinity is characterized by high levels of intimacy and sharing, usually in close group sociology groups , also known as affinity group s . It differs from affinity in Affinity law law and Affinity canon law canon law which generally refer to the marriage relationship. Social affinity is generally thought of as marriage to idea s , Ideal ethics ideals and Activism causes shared by a tight community of people. Theories In Social affinity in a modern world , Boston College professor, James Allan Vela McConnell explores the emergence of the concept of social affinity bridging Sociology classical sociology and social psychology , identifying the notion of social cohesion based upon the sentiment of moral obligation. ref http wwwlib.umi.com dissertations fullcit 9735284 Different genetic components in the Norwegian population revealed by the analysis of mtDNA and Y chromosome polymorphisms ref Genetic Seealso Genetic distance individuals Genetic affinity is a Genetics genetic relationship. For instance, both mtDNA and Y chromosome Polymorphism biology polymorphisms show a noticeable genetic affinity between Swedish people Swedes and central Europeans, especially Germans. These conclusions are also valid for Norwegians. ref http hpgl.stanford.edu publications EJHG 2002 v10 521 529.pdf ref References Reflist External links http wwwlib.umi.com dissertations fullcit 9735284 Who is my neighbor? Social affinity in a modern world 1997 James Allan Vela McConnell ISBN 0 591 45078 X http www.santafe.edu jpepper thesis 08 Groups.pdf Using Group Composition Data to Measure Social Affinity A New Method http www.santafe.edu jpepper John Pepper , Santa Fe Institute http www.affinityproject.org The Affinity Project Category Community Category Interpersonal relationships socio stub ca Afinitat sociologia ... more details
COI date January 2009 Refimprove date January 2009 Affinity Marketing or Partnership Marketing is a targeted way of marketing products and services. By linking complementary brands , it can develop them into lasting partnerships and strategic alliance s. Development of Affinity Marketing Affinity marketing traces its recent roots to the 1990s affinity boom, when credit card companies partnered with charities to provide consumers with a charity branded credit card. The charity benefits from increased brand loyalty and brand awareness and a boost to revenues typically through a fixed Commission remuneration commission for each new card. The credit card company meanwhile benefits from increased revenue, generated by more customer relationships. ref Marketing Services Talk http www.marketingservicestalk.com news hos hos100.html ref Affinity marketing has since been evolving far beyond its original remit most commonly in direct marketing , in what is termed as a second affinity boom through the use of data and customer contact lists. Within this context for example, a famous car repair chain recently partnered with a well known insurance company and was able to mail the insurance company s database to offer a unique benefit, in this instance 25 off a car service. This gave the insurance company s customers access to a competitive deal unavailable to the mass market , whilst the car repair ... been able to mail. Parties within an Affinity Partnership Affinity Partnerships consist of two parties. The first party known as the affinity group seeks to add value to its existing customers, members ... affinity partner. Example of a typical Affinity Partnership The supermarket adds value to its existing ... with previously unknown customers. References 1. What is affinity marketing? http www.affinitysolutions.co.uk what is affinity marketing.php 2. Affinity Marketing Case Studies, http www.affinitysolutions.co.uk blog ?cat 3 Reflist DEFAULTSORT Affinity Marketing Category Marketing strategies and paradigms ... more details
globalize date December 2010 In law and in cultural anthropology , affinity , as distinguished from consanguinity , is kinship by marriage . It is the relation which each party to a marriage bears to the kindred of the other. In English, affinity is usually signified by adding In law in law to the degree of kinship. See also Affinity canon law Consanguinity References See http www.newadvent.org cathen 01177c.htm Affinity In the Bible an article from the Catholic Encyclopedia 1911 Family DEFAULTSORT Affinity Law Category Kinship and descent Law term stub br Lezvab de Schw gerschaft et Sugulussuhted H imlus es Afinidad Derecho eo Boparenco fr Alliance famille it Affinit diritto lt Svainyst pl Powinowactwo prawo ru sr sv Sv gerlag tl Manugang zh ... more details
Infobox Dotcom company company name Affinity Labs Inc. company slogan owner Monster.com company logo company type Public company Public foundation 2006 location city San Francisco, California location country U.S. key people homepage http www.affinitylabs.com AffinityLabs.com revenue screenshot caption url http www.affinitylabs.com affinitylabs.com registration launch date current status active language Internationalization multilingual alexa website type Affinity Labs is a company that builds social networking sites for niche groups such as firefighters , police officers and nurses . ref name venturebeat.com http venturebeat.com 2008 01 04 just in monster buys community site affinity labs for 61m Monster buys community site, Affinity Labs, for significant 61M ref In January 2008, Affinity Labs was acquired by Monster Worldwide for US 61 million. ref http www.mercurynews.com ci 7889340 Monster buys S.F. Web operator Affinity for 61 million ref Affinity Labs sites have over a million registered members, as of January, 2008. ref name venturebeat.com PoliceLink, aimed at law enforcement personnel, is one of Affinity Labs most active sites with over 717,000 unique visitors per month. ref http www.quantcast.com policelink.com Web Site Audience Profiles from Quantcast ref Other sites include ArtBistro, TheApple, FireLink, NursingLink, InsideTech, GovCentral, IndiaOn, Excelle, AllHealthCare, HMForces.co.uk, ProNurse, WerPflegtWen, and SalesHQ. History Affinity Labs was founded by Christopher Michel ref http investing.businessweek.com businessweek research stocks private snapshot.asp?privcapId 30486396 Affinity Labs, Inc. Private Company Information BusinessWeek ref in 2006 after he sold Military.com to Monster in 2004 for 40 million. The Mayfield Fund ref http www.mayfield.com newsarticles 2006 12 04 mayfield announces.htm ref and Trinity Ventures invested in Affinity Labs prior to its Monster Worldwide buyout. ref http phx.corporate ir.net phoenix.zhtml?c 131001&p irol newsArticle&ID ... more details
refimprove date April 2010 Infobox film name Affinity director Tim Fywell producer Adrian Bate writer Andrew Davies writer Andrew Davies screenwriter br Sarah Waters novel starring Zoe Tapper Zo Tapper br Anna Madeley br Domini Blythe br Amanda Plummer br Mary Jo Randle music Fr d ric Weber cinematography editing Mary Finlay released 2008 runtime 120 min. country United Kingdom language English language English Affinity is a 2008 UK film adaptation of Sarah Waters 1999 novel Affinity novel Affinity , the screenplay being written by Andrew Davies ref cite web title Affinity by Sarah Waters publisher Chasing Bawa date 17 April 2010 url http chasingbawa.wordpress.com 2010 04 17 affinity by sarah waters accessdate 2010 04 26 ref ref cite web title Affinity DVD publisher Dooyoo.co.uk date 12 January 2009 url http www.dooyoo.co.uk movie dvd affinity dvd 1180271 accessdate 2010 04 26 ref . Plot Affinity is set in Victorian England the story of an upper class woman, Margaret Anna Madeley , who becomes an official Visitor to a woman s prison however, she becomes emotionally attached to one of the inmates, Selina Zoe Tapper . Cast Zoe Tapper Zo Tapper as Selina Dawes Anna Madeley as Margaret Prior Domini Blythe as Mother Prior Amanda Plummer as Miss Ridley Mary Jo Randle as Mrs. Jelf Caroline Loncq as Ruth Vigers Anne Reid as Mrs. Brink External links imdb title 1116182 http www.ovguide.com movies tv affinity.htm Affinity 2008 , review at the Online Video Guide References reflist Sarah Waters DEFAULTSORT Affinity Film Category 2008 films Category Films based on novels Category Lesbian related films 2000s UK film stub ru , 2008 ... more details
Processor affinity is a modification of the native central queue scheduling algorithm in a symmetric ... kin processor in preference to others. Processor affinity takes advantage of the fact that some .... Scheduling algorithm implementations vary in adherence to processor affinity. Under certain circumstances ... efficient. This may be the case if two processor intensive tasks A & B have affinity to one processor ... in order to maximize processor use. Task B would then acquire affinity with the second processor while task A would continue to have affinity with the original processor. Processor affinity can effectively ... problem. ref http www.tmurgent.com WhitePapers ProcessorAffinity.pdf White Paper Processor Affinity From http www.tmurgent.com tmurgent.com . Accessed 2007 07 06. ref Further, processor affinity ... affinity between two virtual CPUs implemented on the same core via hyper threading, partial affinity between two cores on the same physical chip as the cores share some, but not all, cache , and no affinity between separate physical chips. As other resources are also shared, processor affinity alone cannot be used as the basis for CPU dispatching. If a process has recently run on one ... is not, cache affinity would suggest that the process should be dispatched to the idle partner. However .... On Linux the CPU affinity of a process might be altered with the taskset 1 program. ref http www.linuxcommand.org ... http netbsd.gw.com cgi bin man cgi?affinity NetBSD current affinity 3 NetBSD manpage ref In NetBSD ... ref to set a thread s affinity to a certain CPU set. In FreeBSD , cpuset ref http man.freebsd.org ... .aspx SetProcessAffinityMask MSDN Library ref API calls or can set each process s affinity via ... RN AffinityAPI index.html affinity API that provides hints to the kernel how to schedule threads according to affinity sets. See also Affinity mask References reflist External links http cpubalancer.brels.net ... over logical processors using the affinity mask DEFAULTSORT Processor Affinity Category Scheduling ... more details
The affinity diagram is a business tool used to organize ideas and data. It is one of the Seven Management and Planning Tools . The tool is commonly used within project management and allows large numbers of ideas stemming from brainstorming ref http www.pmhut.com affinity diagram kawakita jiro or kj method Affinity Diagram Kawakita Jiro or KJ Method , Retrieved June 6, 2010 ref to be sorted into groups for review and analysis. ref http www.leanyourcompany.com methods Using Affinity Diagrams.asp Using Affinity Diagrams to make sense from brainstorming ref The affinity diagram was devised by Jiro Kawakita in the 1960s ref Improving Performance Through Statistical Thinking By Galen C. Britz ref and is sometimes referred to as the KJ Method. Process Record each idea on cards or notes Look for ideas that seem to be related Sort cards into groups until all cards have been used. Once the cards have been sorted into groups the team may sort large clusters into subgroups for easier management and analysis. ref Value Its Measurement, Design and Management By M. Larry Shillito ref Once completed, the affinity diagram may be used to create a Ishikawa diagram cause and effect diagram. ref http www.tin.nhs.uk index.asp?pgid 1129 NHS Improvement network ref References references External links http www.discover6sigma.org d6slab affinity Online AFFINITY tool at Discover 6 Sigma Lab http www.officelabs.com projects stickysorter Pages default.aspx StickySorter Free Affinity Diagramming Tool Category Business terms Category Usability ja KJ ... more details
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