Infobox Nerve Name Afferentnerve fiber Latin neurofibrae afferentes GraySubject GrayPage Image Caption Image2 Caption2 Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber In the nervous system , afferent neurons otherwise known as sensory neuron sensory or receptor neuron s , carry action potential nerve impulses from receptor biochemistry receptor s or sense organs towards the central nervous system . This term can also be used to describe relative connections between structures. Afferent neurons communicate with specialized interneuron s. The opposite activity of direction or flow is efferent nerve fiber efferent . In the nervous system there is a closed loop system of sensation, decision, and reactions. This process is carried out through the activity of afferent neurons, interneurons, and efferent neurons. A touch or pain ful stimulus physiology stimulus , for example, creates a sensation in the brain only after information about the stimulus travels there via afferentnerve pathways. Afferent neurons are pseudounipolar neurons , that have a single long dendrite and a short axon Citation needed date September 2010 , and a smooth and rounded cell soma biology body . The dendrite is structurally and functionally similar to an axon, and is myelin ated it is these axon like dendrites that make up the afferent nerves. Just outside the spinal cord , thousands of afferent neuronal cell bodies are aggregated in a swelling in the dorsal root known as the dorsal root ganglion . Etymology and mnemonics Afferent is derived from Latin participle afferentem af ad to ferre bear ... between afferent and efferent a fferent connection a rrives and an e fferent connection e xits . ref MedicalMnemonics 3502 3463 367 115 ref Another mnemonic device is SAME DAVE. Sensory Afferent Motor Efferent, Dorsal Afferent Ventral Efferent. See also Efferent nerve fiber Motor neuron Interneuron References references Nervous tissue DEFAULTSORT AfferentNerve Fiber Category Neurophysiology ... more details
wiktionary Afferent is an anatomical term with the following meanings Convey ing towards a center, for example the afferent arteriole s conveying blood towards the Bowman s capsule in the Kidney . Opposite to Efferent . Something that so conduct s, see Afferentnerve fiber Afferent lymphatic vessels References Dorland s Illustrated Medical Dictionary 30th Ed., ISBN 0 7216 0146 4 Category Medical terms de Afferenz nl Afferent se Afferent ... more details
Visceral afferent can refer to General visceral afferent fibers Special visceral afferent disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Afferent vessels can refer to Afferent arterioles Afferent lymphatic vessels disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Afferent arterioles Latin arteriola glomerularis afferens GraySubject 253 GrayPage 1221 Image Gray1128.png Caption Scheme of renal tubule and its vascular supply. Label Afferent vessel is visible in upper left. Image2 Gray1129.png Caption2 Distribution of bloodvessels in cortex of kidney. BranchFrom interlobular artery BranchTo Vein Supplies glomerular capillaries MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre a 62 DorlandsSuf 12156661 The afferent arterioles are a group of blood vessel s that supply the nephron s in many Excretion excretory systems . They play an important role in the regulation of blood pressure as a part of the Tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism. The afferent arterioles branch from the renal artery , which supplies blood to the kidney s. The afferent arterioles later diverge into the Capillary capillaries of the glomerulus kidney glomerulus . When renal blood flow is reduced indicating hypotension or there is a decrease in Sodium and Chloride ion concentration the macula densa of the distal tubule releases prostaglandins , which cause the juxtaglomerular cells lining the afferent arterioles to release renin , activating the renin angiotensin aldosterone system , to increase blood pressure and increase retention of Sodium ions via aldosterone . The macula densa cell can also increase the local blood pressure of the Afferent Arterioles by increasing the synthesis of Nitrous Oxide or decreasing the synthesis of Adenosine or Adenosine triphosphate ATP . If the afferent arterioles are constricted then the blood pressure in the capillaries of the kidneys will drop. See also Efferent arteriole Tubuloglomerular feedback Macula densa Additional images gallery Image Renal corpuscle.svg Renal corpuscle gallery External links GeorgiaPhysiology 7 7ch03 7ch03p10 Renal Vasculature Efferent Arterioles & Peritubular Capillaries UCDavisOrganology Urinary mammal vasc0 vasc2 Mammal, renal vasculature EM, Low kidney Category Kidney anatomy circulatory stub es Arteriola ... more details
Special somatic afferent SSA refers to afferent nerves that carry information from the special senses of Visual system vision , Hearing sense hearing and Equilibrioception balance . The cranial nerve s containing SSA fibers are the optic nerve II and the vestibulocochlear nerve VIII . SSA may also stand for special sensory afferent , however this term encompasses both special somatic and special visceral afferent s. ref Drake et al. 2010 , Gray s Anatomy for Students, 2nd Ed., Churchill Livingstone. ref References references External links http sprojects.mmi.mcgill.ca cns histo systems cranialnerves main.htm Overview at mmi.mcgill.ca Nervous tissue Category Neuroscience Neuroscience stub ... more details
Special visceral afferent SVA refers to afferent nerves that develop in association with the gastrointestinal tract . ref NormanAnatomy cranialnerves ref They carry the special senses of smell olfaction and taste gustation . The cranial nerve s containing SVA fibers are the olfactory nerve I , the facial nerve VII , the glossopharyngeal nerve IX and the vagus nerve X . The facial nerve receives taste from the anterior two thirds of the tongue the glossopharyngeal from the posterior third. SVA fibres in the vagus originate in the epiglottis and pharynx . ref Drake et al. 2010 , Gray s Anatomy for Students, 2nd Ed., Churchill Livingstone. ref References references External links http sprojects.mmi.mcgill.ca cns histo systems cranialnerves main.htm Overview at mmi.mcgill.ca Nervous tissue DEFAULTSORT Special Visceral Afferent Category Neuroscience Neuroscience stub ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name PAGENAME Latin GraySubject 190 GrayPage 849 Image Gray799.svg Caption Scheme showing structure of a typical spinal nerve. BR 1. General somatic efferent fibers Somatic efferent . BR 2. Somatic afferent. BR 3,4,5. General visceral efferent fibers Sympathetic efferent . BR 6,7. General visceral afferent fibers Sympathetic afferent . Image2 Caption2 System MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre DorlandsSuf The general somatic afferent fibers GSA , or somatic sensory fibers , afferent fibers , arise from cells in the spinal ganglia and are found in all the spinal nerves , except occasionally the first cervical, and conduct impulses of Pain and nociception pain , touch and temperature from the surface of the body through the posterior roots to the spinal cord and impulses of muscle sense, tendon sense and joint sense from the deeper structures. See also Afferent nerve References reflist Gray s Nervous tissue neuroscience stub Category Spinal cord ru GSA DEFAULTSORT General Somatic Afferent Fibers ... more details
visceral afferentnerve is located. ref name Moore180 Moore, K.L., & Agur, A.M. 2007 . Essential Clinical ... experienced. ref name Moore220 See also Afferentnerve References reflist Nervous tissue ...Infobox Anatomy Name General visceral afferent fibers Latin GraySubject 190 GrayPage 849 Image Gray799.svg Caption Scheme showing pathways white grey rami are spatially reverese, possibly for clarity? of a typical spinal nerve. BR 1. General somatic efferent fibers Somatic efferent . BR 2. General somatic afferent fibers Somatic afferent . BR 3,4,5. General visceral efferent fibers Sympathetic efferent . BR 6,7. Parasympathetic afferent. BR Note that this image merely depicts pathways in a schematic fashion it is not anatomically correct. The efferent sympathetics exit in a loop entering the more lateral white and either exiting the more medial grey or traveling up down the chain to exit grey at other ganglia. The general visceral afferent fibers GVA , conduct sensory impulses usually pain or reflex sensations from the viscera, glands, and blood vessels to the central nervous system. ref ... nervous system, the afferent fibers are not classified as either sympathetic nervous ... GVA fibers include the glossopharyngeal nerve and the vagus nerve . ref Mehta, Samir et al. Step ... Abdomen In the abdomen, general visceral afferent fibers usually accompany sympathetic efferent fibers. This means that a signal traveling in an afferent fiber will begin at sensory receptors in the afferent ..., continue back along a splanchnic nerve from the ganglion into the sympathetic trunk , move into a ventral ramus via a white ramus communicans , and finally move into the mixed spinal nerve between the division of the rami and the division of the roots of the spinal nerve. The GVA pathway then diverges ... and the rectum. These afferent fibers, instead, follow the path of parasympathetic efferent fibers back to the vertebral column, where the afferent fibers enter the S2 S4 sensory ganglia followed by the spinal ... more details
Infobox Lymph Name Afferent lymph vessel Latin vasa afferentia lymphoglandulae GraySubject 175 GrayPage 689 Image Illu lymph node structure.png Caption Structure of the lymph node. Image2 Caption2 DrainsFrom DrainsTo MeshName MeshNumber Dorlands DorlandsID The afferent lymph vessels enter at all parts of the periphery of the lymph node , and after branching and forming a dense plexus in the substance of the capsule, open into the lymph sinuses of the Cortex anatomy cortical part. In doing this they lose all their coats except their endothelial lining, which is continuous with a layer of similar cells lining the lymph paths. Afferent lymphatic vessels are only found in lymph nodes . This is in contrast to efferent lymphatic vessel which are also found in the thymus and spleen . Additional images gallery Image Schematic of lymph node showing lymph sinuses.png Schematic of lymph node showing lymph sinuses gallery External links BUHistology 07107loa Lymphoid Tissues and Organs lymph node, afferent arterioles BiowebUW aplab Table of Contents Lab 11 Lymph node 2 Lymph node 2b lymph node 2b.html Afferent lymph vessel http faculty.une.edu com abell histo Histolab6.htm Image at une.edu http www.cvm.okstate.edu instruction mm curr histology HistologyReference HRLym.htm Overview at okstate.edu Lymphatic flow Lymphatic organ anatomy Gray s Category Lymphatic system Lymphatic stub ... more details
Infobox Nerve Name Frontal nerve Latin nervus frontalis GraySubject 200 GrayPage 887 Image Gray787.png Caption Dissection showing origins of right ocular muscles , and nerves entering by the superior orbital fissure . Image2 Gray776.png Caption2 Nerves of the orbit . Seen from above. Innervates BranchFrom Ophthalmic nerve BranchTo supratrochlear nerve and the supraorbital nerve MeshName MeshNumber The frontal nerve is the largest branch of the ophthalmic nerve ophthalmic , and may be regarded, both from its size and direction, as the continuation of the nerve. It enters the orbit through the superior orbital fissure , not running within the tendinous ring, and runs forward between the Levator palpebr superioris and the periosteum . Midway between the apex and base of the orbit it divides into two branches, supratrochlear nerve and supraorbital nerve . Functions It provides the sensory innervations for the skin of the forehead , mucosa of frontal sinus , and the skin of the upper eyelid via General Somatic Afferent GSA fibers. Additional images gallery Image Gray777.png Nerves of the orbit, and the ciliary ganglion. Side view. gallery External links SUNYAnatomyLabs 29 02 01 03 eMedicineDictionary Frontal nerve NormanAnatomy lesson3 NormanAnatomyFig orbit2 NormanAnatomy cranialnerves NormanAnatomyFig V Gray s Trigeminal nerve Category Cranial nerves neuroscience stub nl Nervus frontalis sr ... more details
Infobox Nerve Name PAGENAME Latin nervus mentalis GraySubject 200 GrayPage 897 Image Gray778.png Caption Distribution of the maxillary nerve maxillary and mandibular nerve s, and the submaxillary ganglion . Mental nerve visible at bottom right, at chin . Image2 Gray784.png Caption2 Sensory areas of the head, showing the general distribution of the three divisions of the fifth nerve. Mental nerve labeled at bottom left, near chin, in yellow. Innervates chin , lower lip BranchFrom inferior alveolar nerve BranchTo MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre n 05 DorlandsSuf 12566174 Mental nerve is a general somatic afferent sensory nerve which provides sensation to the anterior aspects of the chin and lower lip as well as the buccal gingivae of the mandibular anterior teeth and the premolars. It is a branch of the posterior trunk of the inferior alveolar nerve , which is itself a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve CN V . The nerve emerges at the mental foramen in the Human mandible mandibula , and divides beneath the Depressor anguli oris muscle into three branches one descends to the skin of the chin . two ascend to the skin and mucous membrane of the lower lip . These branches communicate freely with the facial nerve . Anesthesia The mental nerve can be blocked with local anesthesia , a procedure used in surgery of the chin, lower lip and buccal mucosa from midline to the second premolar. In this technique, local anesthetic is infiltrated in the soft tissue surrounding the mental foramen. External links SUNYAnatomyLabs 23 st 06 10 Anatomy of the Superficial Face Nerves eMedicineDictionary Mental nerve LoyolaMedEd GrossAnatomy h n cn cn1 cnb3.htm NormanAnatomy cranialnerves NormanAnatomyFig V Additional images Image Gray178.png thumb 300px left none Mandible of human ... of the trifacial nerve. Image Gray790.png thumb 300px left The nerves of the scalp, face, and side .... Gray s Trigeminal nerve DEFAULTSORT Mental Nerve Category Nerves neuroanatomy stub fa ... more details
, and are myelinated fibers. The A group consists of four types of nerve fibers A alpha fibers afferent or efferent fibers A beta fibers afferent or efferent fibers A gamma fibers efferent fibers A delta fibers afferent fibers B group Nerve fibers in these group, are myelinated with a small diameter ...A nerve fiber is a threadlike extension of a nerve cell and consists of an axon and myelin sheath if present in the nervous system . There are nerve fibers in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system . A nerve fiber may be myelinated and or unmyelinated. In the central nervous system ... in the PNS . A peripheral nerve fiber consists of an axon, myelin sheath, Schwann cells and its endoneurium . There are no endoneurium and Schwann cells in the central nervous system. Central nerve fibers In the central nervous system, nerve fibers differ in terms of size, conduction velocity, and presence or lack of myelin. For example, the olfactory nerve fibers are short and without myelin, but the optic nerve fibers are myelinated the olfactory and optic nerves are considered as a parts of the CNS, while other cranial nerves are a component of the PNS . A bundle of nerve fibers constitutes ... nerve fibers that descend from the brain to the spinal cord . These fibers have an important role in motor control , and are known as descending tracts. There are other bundles of nerve fibers in the CNS ... areas of the brain such as the cerebral cortex , cerebellum , and brain stem . Peripheral nerve fiber types A peripheral nerve may be sensory, motor or sensory motor mixed . There are three types of nerve fibers in a mixed nerve that include Sensory nerve fibers afferent fibers Motor nerve fibers efferent fibers Autonomic nerve fibers autonomic fibers Components of peripheral nerve fiber Each peripheral nerve fiber contains An axon or a long dendrite of sensory fiber that also is known as an axon ... nerve fibers There are three types of peripheral nerve fibers based on their diameter A group ... more details
Infobox Nerve Name PAGENAME Latin nervus genitofemoralis GraySubject 212 GrayPage 953 Image Lumbar plexus.svg Caption Plan of lumbar plexus . Genitofemoral nerve visible at upper left. Image2 Gray823.png Caption2 The lumbar plexus and its branches. Genitofemoral nerve visible at upper left. Innervates cremaster BranchFrom lumbar plexus BranchTo lumboinguinal nerve lumboinguinal , genital branch of genitofemoral nerve genital branch DorlandsPre n 05 DorlandsSuf 12565836 In human anatomy , the genitofemoral nerve originates from the upper part of the lumbar plexus of spinal nerves. Its roots are L1 and L2 lumbar . The genitofemoral nerve is responsible for both the efferent and afferent limbs of the cremasteric reflex . The ilioinguinal nerve L1 is also involved in the afferent limb of the reflex. It emerges on the anterior surface of the psoas major muscle and divides into two branches The femoral branch , or lumboinguinal nerve , supplies skin anterior to the upper part of the femoral triangle The Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve genital branch in males, it travels through the inguinal canal , along with the spermatic cord , and supplies the cremaster muscle and the scrotal skin in females, it ends in the skin of the mons pubis and labia majora Additional images gallery Image Gray824.png Deep and superficial dissection of the lumbar plexus. Image Gray837.png Sacral plexus of the right side. gallery External links SUNYAnatomyLabs 36 07 03 05 Inguinal Region, Scrotum and Testes Layers of the spermatic cord SUNYAnatomyFigs 40 07 13 Muscles and nerves of the posterior abdominal wall. MUNAnatomy nerve lumbnerv NormanAnatomy posteriorabdomen NormanAnatomyFig posteriorabdmus&nerves Lumbosacral plexus Category Nerves of the lower limb and lower torso de Nervus genitofemoralis it Nervo genitofemorale pl Nerw p ciowo udowy ru ... more details
Infobox Nerve Name Spinal nerve Latin nervi spinales GraySubject 208 GrayPage 916 Image spinal nerve.svg Caption The formation of the spinal nerve from the dorsal and ventral roots Image2 Gray799.svg Caption2 Scheme showing structure of a typical spinal nerve. BR 1. General somatic efferent fibers Somatic efferent . BR 2. General somatic afferent fibers Somatic afferent . BR 3,4,5. General visceral efferent fibers Sympathetic efferent . BR 6,7. General visceral afferent fibers Sympathetic afferent . Innervates BranchFrom BranchTo MeshName Spinal nerves MeshNumber A08.800.800.720 DorlandsPre n 05 DorlandsSuf 12566663 The term spinal nerve generally refer to a mixed spinal nerve , which carries motor, sensory, and autonomic signals between the spinal cord and the body. Humans have 31 left right ... spinal nerve pairs C1 C8 , 12 thoracic pairs T1 T12 , 5 lumbar pairs L1 L5 , and 5 sacral pairs S1 ... Each spinal nerve is formed by the combination of nerve fibers from the Posterior root of spinal nerve dorsal and Anterior root of spinal nerve ventral roots of the spinal cord . The dorsal roots carry afferentnerveafferent sensory neuron sensory axons , while the ventral roots carry efferent nerve efferent motoneuron motor axons . The spinal nerve emerges from the spinal column through an opening ... spinal nerve pair, which emerges between the occipital bone and the Atlas anatomy atlas the first vertebra . Outside the vertebral column, the nerve divides into branches. The dorsal ramus contains ... in the body wall, and the limbs. The Meningeal branches of spinal nerve meningeal branches recurrent meningeal or sinuvertebral nerves branch from the spinal nerve and re enter the intervertebral ... with adjacent ventral rami to form a nerve plexus , a network of interconnecting nerves. Nerves ... particular spinal root supplies are that nerve s myotome , and the dermatome anatomy dermatomes are the areas of sensory innervation on the skin for each spinal nerve. Lesions of one or more nerve ... more details
Infobox Nerve Name PAGENAME Latin nervus lingualis GraySubject 200 GrayPage 895 Image Gray778.png Caption Distribution of the maxillary nerve maxillary and mandibular nerve s, and the submaxillary ganglion ... mandibular nerve BranchTo MeshName Lingual Nerve MeshNumber A08.800.800.120.760.500.450 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre n 05 DorlandsSuf 12566098 The lingual nerve is a branch of the mandibular nerve CN V sub 3 sub , itself a branch of the trigeminal nerve , which supplies sensory innervation to the tongue . It also carries fibers from the facial nerve , which return taste information from the anterior two thirds of the tongue. Function The lingual nerve supplies general somatic afferent innervation to the mucous membrane of the anterior two thirds of the tongue. It also carries nerve fibers that do not originate from the trigeminal nerve, including the chorda tympani nerve , which provides ... fibers. The submandibular ganglion is suspended by two nerve filaments from the lingual nerve. Path The lingual nerve lies at first beneath the lateral pterygoid muscle , medial to and in front of the inferior alveolar nerve , and is occasionally joined to this nerve by a branch which may cross the internal maxillary artery . The chorda tympani a branch of the facial nerve, CN VII joins ... fibers to the submandibular ganglion . The nerve then passes between the medial pterygoid ... the duct of the submandibular gland, and along the tongue to its tip becoming the sublingual nerve, lying immediately beneath the mucous membrane . Lingual Nerve Injuries Dental procedures and in particular the administration of local anaesthetic can cause damage to the lingual nerve leading to lingual nerve neuropathy. See also Lingual branches of hypoglossal nerve Additional images gallery Image ... of the trifacial nerve. Image Gray782 updated.png Mandibular division of trifacial nerve, seen from ... with other nerves. Image Gray794.png Hypoglossal nerve, cervical plexus, and their branches. Image ... more details
Infobox Nerve Name Vestibulocochlear nerve Latin GraySubject 203 Image Gray789.png Caption The course and connections of the facial nerve in the temporal bone Image2 Brain human normal inferior view with labels ... BranchFrom BranchTo cochlear nerve , vestibular nerve MeshName Vestibulocochlear Nerve MeshNumber A08.800.800.120.910 Cranial nerves short The vestibulocochlear nerve also known as the auditory or acoustic nerve is the eighth of twelve cranial nerves , and is responsible for transmitting sound and equilibrium balance information from the inner ear to the brain . Structure and function This is the nerve ... . It consists of the cochlear nerve , carrying information about hearing sense hearing , and the vestibular nerve , carrying information about Sense of balance balance . It emerges from the medulla ... meatus in the temporal bone Innervations The vestibulocochlear nerve consists mostly of bipolar neurons and splits into two large divisions the cochlear nerve and the vestibular nerve . The cochlear nerve travels away from the cochlea of the inner ear where it starts as the spiral ganglion spiral ganglia . Processes from the organ of Corti conduct afferent transmission to the spiral ganglia . It is the inner hair cells of the organ of Corti that are responsible for activation of afferent .... The exact mechanism by which sound is transmitted by the neurons of the cochlear nerve is uncertain the two competing theories are place theory and temporal theory . The vestibular nerve travels ... in the ampullae of the semicircular canals . Hair cells of the cristae activate afferent receptors in response ... are the maculae of the saccule and utricle. Hair cells of the maculae activate afferent receptors in response to linear acceleration. Symptoms of damage Damage to the vestibulocochlear nerve may cause ... volume 22 issue 5 pages 650 4 year 2001 pmid 11568674 ref Name Some older texts call the nerve the acoustic or auditory nerve http www.bartleby.com 107 203.html , but these terms have fallen out of widespread ... more details
Infobox Nerve Name PAGENAME Latin nervus nasociliaris GraySubject 200 GrayPage 888 Image Gray777.png ... BranchFrom Ophthalmic nerve BranchTo long root of the ciliary ganglion , the long ciliary nerves , the infratrochlear nerve , and the ethmoidal nerves MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre n 05 DorlandsSuf 12566272 The nasociliary nerve is a branch of the ophthalmic nerve . It is intermediate in size between the two other main branches of the ophthalmic nerve, the frontal nerve and the lacrimal nerve , and is more deeply placed. Path The nasociliary nerve enters the orbit between the two heads of the lateral rectus muscle s and between the superior and inferior rami of the oculomotor nerve CN III . It passes across the optic nerve CN II and runs obliquely beneath the superior rectus muscle ... ethmoidal opening as the anterior ethmoidal nerve and enters the cranial cavity just above the cribriform ... nasal branch. Tests Since the long ciliary nerves carry the afferent limb of the corneal blink reflex , one can test the integrity of the nasociliary nerve and, ultimately, the trigeminal nerve by examining this reflex in the patient. Normally both eyes should blink when either conjuntiva is irritated. If neither eye blinks, then either the ipsilateral nasociliary nerve is damaged, or the facial nerve CN VII, which carries the efferent limb of this reflex is bilaterally damaged. If only the contralateral eye blinks, then the ipsilateral facial nerve is damaged. If only the ipsilateral eye blinks, then the contralateral facial nerve is damaged. Branches The nasociliary nerve gives off the following branches posterior ethmoidal nerve long ciliary nerve s infratrochlear nerve long ... ganglion anterior ethmoidal nerve PLICA is a mnemonic often used to remember these branches. Additional ... nerve. Image Gray776.png Nerves of the orbit. Seen from above. Image Gray778.png Distribution ... nerve neuroanatomy stub Category Nerves de Nervus nasociliaris es Nervio nasal sr ... more details
ganglion, attached To the lingual nerve. The facial nerve also supplies a small amount of afferent ...Refimprove date February 2009 Infobox Nerve Name Facial nerve Latin nervus facialis GraySubject 202 GrayPage 901 Image Cranial nerve VII.svg Caption Cranial nerve VII Image2 Gray790.png Caption2 The nerves ... Nerve MeshNumber A08.800.800.120.250 DorlandsPre n 05 DorlandsSuf 12565770 Cranial nerves short The facial nerve is the seventh VII of twelve paired cranial nerves . It emerges from the brainstem between ... The motor part of the facial nerve arises from the facial nerve nucleus in the pons while the sensory part of the facial nerve arises from the nervus intermedius . The motor part and sensory part of the facial nerve enters the petrous temporal bone into the internal auditory meatus intimately close ... of cranial nerve IX, the glossopharyngeal nerve . The facial nerve forms the geniculate ganglion prior to entering the facial canal. Branches Greater petrosal nerve provides parasympathetic ... sinus , nasal cavity , as well as special sensory taste fibers to the palate via the Vidian nerve . Nerve to stapedius provides motor innervation for stapedius muscle in middle ear Chorda tympani ... auricular nerve controls movements of some of the scalp muscles around the ear Branch to Posterior ... Temporal branch of the facial nerve Temporal frontal branch of the facial nerve Zygomatic branch of the facial nerve Buccal branch of the facial nerve Marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve Cervical branch of the facial nerve Reference necessary 1 A traditional mnemonic device for the five major branches of the facial nerve is, The Zebra Bummed My Cat. Other mnemonics for the divisions of the facial nerve include, Today Zoe Bummed My Car , To Zanzibar By Motor Car , Ten Zebras Bit .... and in Hindi Tum Zyaada Buckbuck Mat K C aro . date January 2011 Embryology The facial nerve is developmentally ... ganglion . The facial nerve also functions as the efferent limb of the corneal reflex and the blink ... more details
nerve is wrapped in a layer of connective tissue called the epineurium . Anatomy Nerves are categorized into three groups based on the direction that signals are conducted Afferentnerve s conduct signals ...about the part of the nervous system other uses nerve disambiguation Image Nerves of the left upper extremity.gif thumb 250px Nerves yellow A peripheral nerve , or simply nerve is an enclosed, cable like bundle of Peripheral nervous system peripheral axon s the long, slender projections of neuron s . A nerve provides a common pathway for the electrochemical nerve impulse s that are transmitted along ... 0 805 35909 5 ref Neurons are sometimes called nerve cells , though this term is potentially misleading ... the axons in myelin . Each nerve is a cordlike structure that contains many axons. These axons are often referred to as fibres . Within a nerve, each axon is surrounded by a layer of connective ... . Efferent nerve s conduct signals from the central nervous system along motor neuron s to their target muscle s and gland s. Mixed nerves contain both afferent and efferent axons, and thus conduct ... nerve s innervate much of the body, and connect through the spinal column to the spinal cord . They are given ... to the brainstem . They are typically assigned Roman numerals from 1 to 12, although cranial nerve zero is sometimes included. In addition, cranial nerves have descriptive names. Each nerve is covered ... Perineurial septae extend into the nerve and subdivide it into several bundles of fibres. Surrounding ... the neurons of a nerve have fairly high energy requirements. Within the endoneurium, the individual nerve fibres are surrounded by a low protein liquid called endoneurial fluid. The endoneurium has properties ... spinal fluid in the central nervous system . During the development of nerve edema from nerve irritation ... nerve irritation and or injury. Physiology A nerve conveys information in the form of electrochemical impulses known as nerve impulse s or action potential s carried by the individual neurons that make ... more details
A delta fiber A Group C nerve fiber C See also Afferentnerve Motor nerve Sensory neuron External links DorlandsDict six 000071177 Sensory nerve Nervous tissue Category Nervous system Category Sensory ...Merge to Sensory neuron date June 2010 Infobox Nerve Name Sensory nerve Latin nervus sensorius GraySubject GrayPage Image Caption Image2 Caption2 Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber Sensory nerves are nerves that receive sensory stimuli, such as how something feels and if it is painful, smooth, rough, etc. They are made up of nerve fibers, called sensory fibers mechanoreceptor fibers sense body movement and pressure placed against the body, and nociceptor fibers sense tissue injury . Sensory neurons are neuron s that are activated by sensory input vision, touch, hearing, etc. , and send projections into the central nervous system that convey sensory information to the brain or spinal cord. Unlike neurons of the central nervous system, whose inputs come from other neurons, sensory neurons are activated by physical modalities such as light, sound, temperature, chemical stimulation, etc. In complex organisms, sensory neurons relay their information to the central nervous system or in less complex organisms, such as the hydra genus hydra , directly to motor neurons and sensory neurons also transmit information electrical impulses to the brain , where it can be further processed and acted upon. For example, olfactory sensory neuron s make synapse s with neurons of the olfactory bulb , where the sense of olfaction smell is processed. At the molecular biology molecular level, sensory receptor s located on the cell membrane of sensory neurons are responsible for the conversion of stimuli into electrical impulses. The type of receptor employed by a given sensory ... to odors. Fiber types Main Sensory fiber types Peripheral nerve fibers can be classified based on axonal ... types There are several types of sensory nerve fibers, depending on their modality etc. Examples are Type ... more details
nerve conveys sensory information about the state of the body s organs to the central nervous system . 80 90 of the nerve fibers in the vagus nerve are afferent nerves afferent sensory nerves communicating ... ref A non invasive VNS device that stimulates an afferent branch of the vagus nerve is also being ...Infobox Nerve Name Vagus nerve Latin nervus vagus GraySubject 205 GrayPage 910 Image Gray791.png Caption Plan of upper portions of glossopharyngeal , vagus , and accessory nerve s. Image2 Gray793.png Caption2 Course and distribution of the glossopharyngeal , vagus , and accessory nerve s. Innervates ... BranchFrom BranchTo MeshName Vagus Nerve MeshNumber A08.800.800.122.901 Cranial nerves short The vagus nerve IPAc en icon v e s USdict v g s , also called pneumogastric nerve or cranial nerve ... Functional and chemical anatomy of the afferent vagal system. Berthoud HR and Neuhuber WL ref ... called vagi IPAc en v e d a , USdict v j . The vagus is also called the pneumogastric nerve since it innervates both the lungs and the stomach. Branches Auricular nerve Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve Pharyngeal nerve Superior laryngeal nerve Superior cervical cardiac branches of vagus nerve Inferior cervical cardiac branch Recurrent laryngeal nerve Thoracic cardiac branches Branches to the pulmonary ... in the carotid sheath , lateral to the carotid artery. The right vagus nerve gives rise to the right recurrent laryngeal nerve, which hooks around the right subclavian artery and ascends into the neck ... vagus nerve enters the thorax between left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery and descends on the aortic arch. It gives rise to the left recurrent laryngeal nerve, which hooks around ... ganglia. The vagus nerve supplies motor parasympathetic fibers to all the organs except the suprarenal ... that the vagus nerve is responsible for such varied tasks as heart rate , gastrointestinal ... speech via the recurrent laryngeal nerve and keeping the larynx open for breathing via action of the posterior ... more details
nerve, but also tests the vagus nerve, as only the afferent fibres involved in the reflex are carried ...Infobox Nerve Name Glossopharyngeal nerve Latin nervus glossopharyngeus GraySubject 204 GrayPage 906 Image Gray791.png Caption Plan of upper portions of glossopharyngeal , vagus , and accessory nerve s. Image2 ... nerve s. Label for glossopharyngeal is at upper right. Innervates stylopharyngeus muscle stylopharyngeus BranchFrom BranchTo tympanic nerve MeshName Glossopharyngeal Nerve MeshNumber A08.800.800.120.290 DorlandsPre n 05 DorlandsSuf 12565844 Cranial nerves short The glossopharyngeal nerve is the ninth ... of the upper Medulla oblongata medulla , just rostral closer to the nose to the vagus nerve . Functions There are a number of functions of the glossopharyngeal nerve It receives general sensory fibers ... motor component of this cranial nerve. It contributes to the pharyngeal plexus . 1. Cranial Nerve IX Glossopharyngeal Overview. The glossopharyngeal nerve consists of five components with distinct ... afferent carries visceral sensory information from the carotid sinus and body. General sensory general somatic afferent provides general sensory information from the skin of the external ear, internal ... sensory special afferent provides taste sensation from the posterior one third of the tongue. 2. Overview ... motor component. Parasympathetic component of the glossopharyngeal nerve that innervates the ipsilateral parotid gland. Origin and central course visceral motor component. The preganglionic nerve ... nerve cell bodies that mediate general, visceral, and special sensation. The visceral motor fibers ... fibers as the tympanic nerve. Before exiting the jugular foramen, the tympanic nerve enters the petrous .... Within the tympanic cavity the tympanic nerve forms a plexus on the surface of the promontory of the middle ... to become the lesser petrosal nerve. The lesser petrosal nerve re enters and travels through the temporal bone to emerge in the middle cranial fossa just lateral to the greater petrosal nerve. It then proceeds ... more details
Refimprove date February 2009 Image Gray838.png thumb 300px Gray s Anatomy Gray s Fig. 838 The right sympathetic chain and its connections with the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic plexuses. A nerve plexus is a network of intersecting nerve s. They combine sets of vertebral column spinal nerves that serve the same area of the body into one large grouped nerve. There are several in the body, including Cervical plexus serves the head, neck and shoulders Brachial plexus serves the chest, shoulders, arms and hands Lumbar plexus serves the back, abdomen, groin, thighs, knees, and calves Sacral plexus serves the pelvis, buttocks, genitals, thighs, calves, and feet Solar plexus serves internal organs Coccygeal plexus serves a small region over the coccyx Since the Lumbar and Sacral plexus are interconnected, they are sometimes referred to as the Lumbosacral plexus. The intercostal nerves that give the chest and parts of the abdominal wall efferent motor innervation and the pleura and peritoneum afferent innervation ref name ICN Instant Anatomy, 2010, webpage http www.instantanatomy.net thorax nerves typicalintercostalnerve.html . ref are the only ones that do not originate from a plexus. External links MerckHome 06 095 d Plexus disorders References Reflist Category Nerve plexus Category Peripheral nervous system Neuroscience stub es Plexo nervioso fa fr Plexus nerveux lt Nerv rezginys pt Plexo nervoso ... more details
Infobox Nerve Name Cochlear nerve Latin nervus cochlearis GraySubject 203 Image Gray928.png GrayPage 906 Caption Diagrammatic longitudinal section of the cochlea. Cochlear nerve is in center, shown as striped. Image2 Gray933.png Caption2 Part of the cochlear division of the acoustic nerve , highly magnified. Innervates BranchFrom Vestibulocochlear nerve BranchTo MeshName Cochlear Nerve MeshNumber A08.800.800.120.910.120 The cochlear nerve also auditory or acoustic nerve is a nerve in the head that carries ... nerve , the 8th cranial nerve which is found in higher vertebrates the other portion of the 8th cranial nerve is the vestibular nerve which carries spatial orientation information from the semicircular canals . The cochlear nerve is a sensory nerve, one which conducts to the brain information about the environment, in this case acoustic energy impinging on the tympanic membrane . The cochlear nerve ... In terms of their anatomy, auditory nerve fiber s are Bipolar cell bipolar , with the most ... nerve fibers are somewhat unique bipolar cells in that action potentials pass through the soma. Both the peripheral process and the axon are myelin ated. In humans, the number of nerve fibers within the cochlear nerve averages around 30,000. ref name Spoendlin 1989 cite journal author Spoendlin H, Schrott A title Analysis of the human auditory nerve journal Hear Res volume 43 issue 1 pages ... across species&mdash for example, the domestic cat has some 50,000 fibers. Auditory nerve fibres ... the brainstem. The cell bodies of the cochlear nerve lie within the central aspect of the cochlea ... of the cochlea. The terms cochlear nerve fiber and spiral ganglion cell are used, to some degree ... of the cochlear nerve. These central axons exit the cochlea at its base, where it forms a nerve trunk. In humans, this aspect of the nerve is roughly one inch in length. It projects centrally to the brainstem ... description of human auditory nerve fibers is provided by Spoendlin and Schrott 1985 . Important earlier ... more details
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