Aerospacephysiology refers to effects on the human body caused by characteristics of the aerospace environment. This subject includes, but is not limited to, the following topics Spatial disorientation and airsickness Vestibular system Hypoxia medical Decompression sickness Sensory illusions in aviation g forces G forces In the military environment AerospacePhysiology is required training for all .... The topics of these classes include ref Air Force Instruction 11 403 AerospacePhysiology Training ... in multiple topics. The AerospacePhysiology careerfield has recently changed its name in the Air Force. The new name is Aerospace & Operational Physiology. This highly specialized careerfield combines the traditional aircrew physiology instructor capabilities with additional human performance enhancement and human factors training qualifications. You can now find AerospacePhysiology personnel working ... of Aerospace Medicine, located at Brooks City Base in San Antonio, Texas is the home to the Air Force AerospacePhysiology Instructor training program. Due to the closure of Brooks City Base, the School of Aerospace Medicine is being moved to a new facility at Wright Patterson AFB, OH. References references External links http www.faa.gov pilots training airman education aerospacephysiology Airman Education Programs AerospacePhysiology Training http www.faa.gov library online libraries aerospace medicine aircrew physiologyvideos english FAA Aircrew Health and Safety Videos DEFAULTSORT AerospacePhysiology Category Aviation medicine Category AerospacePhysiology Category Physiology ar ... of the atmosphere anatomy and physiology of circulation and respiration circulatory and respiratory ..., recognition, and treatment and physiology of trapped and evolved gas problems, including cause ... and Problems of Vision. Teaches basic anatomy of the visual system, physiology of day and night ..., flight surgeons, aerospace physiologists, flight engineers, boom operators, loadmasters, and aerial ... more details
Multiple issues refimprove October 2009 citation style October 2009 Physiology from lang grc , physis ... honor awarded in physiology is the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine , awarded since 1901 by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences . Many U.S. universities offer physiology as a major. ref name ... and Programs Non US work accessdate 2010 06 21 ref Human physiology Main Human physiology Human physiology ..., their organs, and the cells of which they are composed. The principal level of focus of physiology ... physiology was provided by animal experimentation. Citation needed date October 2010 Physiology is closely related to anatomy anatomy is the study of form, and physiology is the study of function. Due to the frequent connection between form and function physiology and anatomy are intrinsically linked and are studied in tandem as part of a medical curriculum. History The study of human physiology ... Ph Py Physiology.html title Physiology History of physiology, Branches of physiology publisher ... of physiology in Ancient Greece , while Claudius Galenus c. 126 199 A.D. , known as Galen , was the first ... physiology. ref http linkinghub.elsevier.com retrieve pii S1547412706001034 Thoracic Surgery Clinics ... and physiology. The medical world moved on from Galenism only with the appearance of Andreas Vesalius ... and quantification into the study of physiology in The Canon of Medicine . Many of the ancient ... physiology circulatory physiology . ref Chairman s Reflections 2004 , Traditional Medicine Among ... research in the Western world that triggered the modern study of anatomy and physiology. Andreas ... about the functions of the body, which was fundamental to the development of experimental physiology. Herman Boerhaave is sometimes referred to as a father of physiology due to his exemplary teaching ... of comparative physiology and ecophysiology . ref Feder, M. E., A. F. Bennett, W. W. Burggren, and R. B. Huey, eds. 1987. New directions in ecological physiology. Cambridge Univ. Press, New York. ref ... more details
, see The Aerospace Corporation Image Top of Atmosphere.jpg 300px thumb View of the Earth s atmosphere and the Moon beyond. wiktionarypar aerospaceAerospace comprises the atmosphere of Earth and surrounding ... space . Aerospace is a very diverse field, with a multitude of commercial, industrial and military applications. Aerospace is not the same as airspace , which is a term used to describe the physical air space directly above a location on the ground. Overview In most industrial countries, the aerospace ... in Iran , and Korea Aerospace Research Institute KARI in South Korea . Along with these public ... of aerospace such as the construction of aircraft . History Main History of aviation Timeline of space exploration The field of aerospace has been investigated for millennia, but modern aerospace began ... . From there, aerospace has grown to be one of the most exciting, diverse, and fast paced fields ... developed by companies like Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Airbus , Bombardier Aerospace Bombardier , and others. Manufacturing Main Aerospace manufacturer Aerospace manufacturing is a high technology industry ... to identify each manufacturer, repair facilities, and other critical aftermarket vendors in the aerospace ... and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA are the two largest consumers of aerospace technology and products. Others include the very large airline industry. The aerospace industry ... title U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Aerospace Product and Parts Manufacturing accessdate 2009 ... important. The leading aerospace manufacturers in the U.S. are Boeing , United Technologies Corporation ... U.S. workers age and retire. Apprenticeship programs such as the http ajactraining.org Aerospace Joint Apprenticeship Council AJAC work in collaboration with Washington state aerospace employers and community ... CSeries 1.jpg thumb Concept of Bombardier CSeries Jet from Bombardier Aerospace based in Montreal Important locations of the civilian aerospace industry worldwide include Washington U.S. state Washington ... more details
Infobox Company name BE Aerospace logo type Public company genre foundation 1987 as Bach Engineering ref http www.beaerospace.com profile company history.htm Company history primary source ref founder location city Wellington, Florida location country United States location locations area served Global key people industry products Passenger aircraft cabin fittings services market cap 3.130 billion 09 22 2010 revenue profit United States Dollar US 1.98B small FY 2010 small ref name 2010IncomeStatmenent wikinvest stock BE Aerospace BEAV Data Income Statement BE Aerospace BEAV annual SEC income statement filing via Wikinvest. ref operating income profit United States Dollar US 316M small FY 2010 small ref name 2010IncomeStatmenent net income profit United States Dollar US 143M small FY 2010 small ref name 2010IncomeStatmenent assets increase United States Dollar US 3.42B small FY 2010 small ref name 2010BalanceSheet wikinvest stock BE Aerospace BEAV Data Balance Sheet BE Aerospace BEAV annual SEC balance sheet filing via Wikinvest. ref equity increase United States Dollar US 1.60B small FY 2010 small ref name 2010BalanceSheet owner num employees 6,485 parent divisions Commercial aircraft br Business jets br Fastener distribution subsid homepage http beaerospace.com footnotes intl B E Aerospace, Inc. nasdaq BEAV is an S&P 400 and NASDAQ listed manufacturer of aircraft cabin parts, including passenger and crew seats, oxygen delivery systems, kitchens and lavatories for commercial airliners. Based in Wellington, Florida , ref http www.beaerospace.com contact locations.htm Locations . BE Aerospace. Retrieved on July 13, 2010. ref the company was capitalized as a 3.14 billion corporation as of 2010. ref http finance.google.com finance?q NASDAQ BEAV ref Oxygen masks The FAA announced ... obstructing the BE Aerospace oxygen masks on several Boeing commercial aircraft models. B E ... Companies based in Florida Category Palm Beach County, Florida Category Aerospace companies of the United ... more details
Skin physiology is the subdivision of physiology which concerns the function of the skin and skin appendage s. ref MeshName Skin physiology ref Examples of processes included in skin physiology are galvanic skin response and perspiration . See also human physiology References Reflist Integumentary physiology Category Skin Medicine stub ... more details
Musculoskeletal physiology is the branch of physiology which addresses the processes of musculoskeletal system . ref MeshName Musculoskeletal physiology ref In subclassifying musculoskeletal physiology, Medical Subject Headings MeSH emphasizes the division between phenomena and processes . It is also possible to emphasize the division between processes primarily affecting bone , and those primarily affecting muscle . See also exercise physiology human physiology References reflist Musculoskeletal physiology Bone cartilage physiology Category Musculoskeletal system medicine stub ... more details
Applied Physiology is the study of biological system s and steps into practice. It involves the application of the knowledge of physiological properties to restore stability . It differs from clinical practice . See also Physiology References See http en.wikipedia.org wiki Wikipedia Footnotes on how to create references using ref ref tags which will then appear here automatically http www.wisegeek.com what is applied physiology.htm What is Applied Physiology? External links http jap.physiology.org Journal of Applied Physiology http www.applied physiology.com home.aspx?docID 1 Applied Physiology http www.appliedphysiology.com Applied Physiology Ltd http www.springer.com biomed human physiology journal 421 European Journal of Applied Physiology http wiki.answers.com Q What is Applied Physiology Wiki Answers Category Physiology ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Nutrition physiology deals with different types of food and their effects on the metabolism . One topic of nutrition physiology is vitamin loss of frozen foods. Another topic is the calculation of required calories per day and what sort of food should best be avoided for a healthy lifestyle. See also Physiology DEFAULTSORT Nutrition Physiology Category Nutrition Category Physiology Med stub de Ern hrungsphysiologie ... more details
Infobox Journal title The Journal of Physiology cover editor David J. Paterson discipline Physiology abbreviation J. Physiol. publisher Wiley Blackwell On behalf of The Physiological Society country frequency Bimonthly history 1878 present openaccess 1 year after publication license impact 4.764 impact year website http jp.physoc.org link1 http jp.physoc.org content by year link1 name Online archives link2 link2 name JSTOR OCLC LCCN CODEN ISSN 0022 3751 eISSN 1469 7793 The Journal of Physiology is a bimonthly peer review peer reviewed scientific journal established in 1878, published by Wiley Blackwell on behalf of The Physiological Society . The Journal of Physiology publishes original research that elucidates new physiological principles or mechanisms. It publishes papers in all areas of physiology , with an emphasis on human physiology human and Mammal Physiology mammalian physiology , including work at the molecular level, at the level of the cell membrane, single cells, tissues or organs and systems physiology. The journal is produced both on paper and online. All accepted in press articles are first published online, ahead of print, and issues become freely accessible 12 months after publication. ref http www.zen34802.zen.co.uk Scientific journal publishing STM ALPSP White Paper 140906.pdf Scientific publishing in transition an overview of current developments Mark Ware Consulting Ltd ref ref http www.wellcome.ac.uk News Media office Press releases 2004 WTD002831.htm Archive of medical journals to go online Wellcome Trust ref The full archive back to 1878 is freely available online. The current Editor in Chief is David J. Paterson. Through the journal, The Physiological Society funds a number of sponsored symposia usually during major international research conferences .... References Reflist External links Official http jp.physoc.org DEFAULTSORT Journal of Physiology Category Publications established in 1878 Category Physiology journals Category Bimonthly journals Category ... more details
Human physiology is the science of the mechanical, physical, bioelectrical, and biochemical functions of human s in good health, their organs, and the cells of which they are composed. Physiology focuses principally at the level of organs and systems. Most aspects of human physiology are closely homology biology homologous to corresponding aspects of animal physiology, and animal experimentation has provided much of the foundation of physiological knowledge. Anatomy and physiology are closely related fields of study anatomy, the study of form, and physiology, the study of function, are intrinsically ... and Homeostasis The biological basis of the study of physiology, integration refers to the overlap ... function. Systems Traditionally, the academic discipline of physiology views the body as a collection ... System Clinical study Physiology Image Human brain NIH.jpg 50px The nervous system consists ... bone disorders cell physiology , musculoskeletal physiology Image Diagram of the human heart ... physiology Image heart and lungs.jpg 50px The respiratory system consists of the human nose nose ... carbon dioxide and water back into the air. pulmonology . respiratory physiology Image Stomach colon .... gastroenterology gastrointestinal physiology Image Skin no language.PNG 50px The integumentary ... sensory interface with the outside world. dermatology cell physiology, skin physiology Image Gray1120.png ... and excess ion s and water out of the body. nephrology function , urology structural disease renal physiology ... reproductive physiology Image PBNeutrophil.jpg 50px The immune system consists of the white blood cell ... regulate physiology. Furthermore, many aspects of physiology are not as easily included in the traditional organ system categories. The study of how physiology is altered in disease is pathophysiology . See also Comparative physiology Darwinian medicine Evolutionary psychology Krogh Principle Physiology Thrifty phenotype External links wikibooks Human Physiology b Human Physiology Human Physiology ... more details
Infobox journal title Experimental Physiology cover editor David Paterson discipline Physiology former names The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology abbreviation Exp. Physiol. publisher Wiley Blackwell country frequency Monthly history 1908 present openaccess 12 months after publication license impact 3.168 impact year 2009 website http ep.physoc.org link1 link1 name link2 link2 name JSTOR OCLC 231048977 LCCN 90660987 CODEN ISSN 0958 0670 eISSN 1469 445X Experimental Physiology is a Peer review peer reviewed scientific journal published by Wiley Blackwell on behalf of The Physiological Society . It was established in 1908 as The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology and is now published monthly. According to the Journal Citation Reports , its 2009 impact factor is 3.168. Experimental Physiology publishes articles in most areas of physiology , especially papers that deal with both physiological and Pathophysiology pathophysiological questions that investigate gene protein function using molecular, cellular, and whole animal approaches. All articles become freely accessible 12 months after publication. The editor in chief is David Paterson Oxford . The journal publishes themed special issues including recent issues on optogenetics , neurogenic hypertension , and the 2010 Winter Olympics . An annual prize is awarded to an early career scientists who authors the best eligible paper in the journal. External links Official http ep.physoc.org http www.physoc.org The Physiological Society DEFAULTSORT Experimental Physiology Category Publications established in 1908 Category Monthly journals Category Wiley Blackwell academic journals Category English language journals Category Physiology journals ... more details
Comparative physiology is a List of academic disciplines subdiscipline of physiology that studies and exploits ... related to evolutionary physiology and environmental physiology . Many universities offer undergraduate courses that cover comparative aspects of animal physiology. According to Prosser, Comparative Physiology ... Originally, physiology focused primarily on human beings, in large part from a desire to improve ... 1 pages 5 12 doi 10.1002 jez.1401940102 pmid 1104756 ref , a founder of modern comparative physiology, outlined a broad agenda for comparative physiology in his 1950 edited volume see summary and discussion ... Mangum first C. P. coauthors and P. W. Hochachka year 1998 title New directions in comparative physiology ... of organisms. In practice, this has rarely been done, for at least four reasons physiology doesn ... with morphology or DNA sequences, and physiology is more likely to be adaptive than DNA, and so ... how physiology mediates interactions between organisms and their environments. This is essentially physiological ecology or ecological physiology. 4. To identify model systems for studying ... to study effects of temperature on physiology. 5. To use the kind of animal as an experimental variable. While other branches of physiology use such variables as light, temperature, oxygen tension, and hormone balance, comparative physiology uses, in addition, species or animal type as a variable ... this way I like to think of it as that method in physiology which uses kind of organism as one experimental ... Prospects for comparative physiology and biochemistry url journal Journal of Experimental Zoology ... 1994 title Evolutionary physiology url http www.biology.ucr.edu people faculty Garland GarlCa94.pdf journal Annual Review of Physiology issn volume 56 issue pages 579 621 doi 10.1146 annurev.ph.56.030194.003051 ... temperature changes. Funding In the United States, research in comparative physiology is funded by both ... WP NOT DIR A number of scientific societies feature sections on comparative physiology ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Main Electrophysiology For signals in ethology , see signal information theory . In physiology , a signal or biopotential is an electric quantity voltage or current or field strength , caused by chemical reactions of charged ions . Another use of the term lies in describing the transfer of information between and within cells, as in signal transduction . See also Action potential Bioelectromagnetism Signal transduction DEFAULTSORT Signal Physiology Category Electrophysiology Biology stub ar pt Sinal biologia simple Signal biology ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2006 Orphan date November 2009 Image Cardiac Cycle Left Ventricle.PNG thumb 350px Wiggers diagram of the cardiac cycle , with diastasis marked at top. In physiology , diastasis is the middle stage of diastole during the cycle of a Cardiac cycle heartbeat , where the initial passive filling of the hearts ventricles has slowed down, but before the atria contract to complete the filling. See also Compare diastasis pathology DEFAULTSORT Diastasis Physiology Med stub Category Medical terms ... more details
life history traits. Evolutionary physiology is the study of physiological evolution , which is to say ... title Evolutionary physiology url http www.biology.ucr.edu people faculty Garland GarlCa94.pdf journal Annual Review of Physiology volume 56 issue pages 579 621 doi 10.1146 annurev.ph.56.030194.003051 pmid 8010752 ref It is a List of academic disciplines subdiscipline of both physiology and evolutionary biology . Practitioners in this field come from a variety of backgrounds, including physiology ..., whole organism performance, functional morphology , biomechanics , anatomy , classical physiology ... physiology and environmental physiology , and its findings are a major concern of evolutionary medicine . History As the name implies, evolutionary physiology is the product of what was at one time two ... physiology arose in the late 1970s, following heated debates concerning the metabolic and thermoregulatory status of dinosaur s see physiology of dinosaurs and mammal like reptiles . This period ..., including physiological ecology and comparative physiology . An 1987 volume titled New Directions in Ecological Physiology ref cite book last Feder first M. E. coauthors A. F. Bennett, W. W. Burggren, and R. B. Huey, eds. authorlink title New directions in ecological physiology edition publisher ... 1998 bio ibn 1148.htm Ecological and Evolutionary Physiology . Shortly thereafter, selection experiments and experimental evolution became increasingly common in evolutionary physiology. Most recently ... j.0269 8463.2004.00825.x ref Emergent Properties of Evolutionary Physiology As a hybrid scientific discipline, evolutionary physiology provides some unique perspectives. For example, an understanding ... physiology Darwinian medicine Evolution of dietary antioxidants Techniques Artificial selection ... and R. E. Lenski year 1999 title Experimental evolution and its role in evolutionary physiology .... Bennett, and E. L. Rezende year 2005 title Phylogenetic approaches in comparative physiology url http ... more details
Cardiovascular physiology is the study of the circulatory system . More specifically, it addresses the physiology of the heart cardio and blood vessel s vascular . These subjects are sometimes addressed separately, under the names cardiac physiology and circulatory physiology . ref http www.lib.mcg.edu edu eshuphysio program section3 3outline.htm Overview at Medical College of Georgia ref Although the different aspects of cardiovascular physiology are closely interrelated, the subject is still usually divided into several subtopics. Heart See Heart Physiology for more details Cardiac output heart rate stroke volume . Can also be calculated with Fick principle . Stroke volume end diastolic volume end systolic volume Ejection fraction stroke volume end diastolic volume Cardiac Output is mathematically to Systole Inotropic , chronotropic , and dromotropic states Cardiac input heart rate suction volume Can be calculated by inverting terms in Fick principle Suction volume end systolic volume end diastolic volume Injection fraction suction volume end systolic volume Cardiac input is mathematically to Diastole Electrical conduction system of the heart Electrocardiogram Cardiac marker Cardiac action potential Frank Starling law of the heart Wiggers diagram Pressure volume diagram Blood vessels See Blood vessel Physiology for more details Compliance physiology Compliance Microcirculation Starling equation Fick s law of diffusion Poiseuille s law Skeletal muscle pump Regulation of blood pressure Baroreceptor Baroreflex Renin angiotensin system Renin Angiotensin Juxtaglomerular apparatus Aortic body and carotid body Autoregulation Hemodynamics Under most circumstances, the body attempts ... References references External links MeshName Cardiovascular physiology http www.cvphysiology.com Cardiovascular Physiology Concepts Comprehensive explanation of basic cardiovascular concepts, based on a textbook of the same name. Cardiovascular physiology Category Physiology Category Cardiovascular ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 In physiology , transduction is the conversion of a stimulus from one form to another. Transduction in the nervous system typically refers to synapse synaptic events wherein a mechanical physical etc stimulus is converted into an action potential which is transmitted along axons towards the central nervous system where it is integrated. For example, in the visual system , sensory cells called Rod cell rod and cone cell s in the retina convert the physical energy of light signals into electrical impulse s that travel to the brain . The light causes a conformational change in a protein called rhodopsin . This conformational change sets in motion a series of molecular events that result in a reduction of the electrochemical gradient of the photoreceptor. The decrease in the electrochemical gradient causes a reduction in the electrical signals going to the brain. Thus, in this example, more light hitting the photoreceptor results in the transduction of a signal into fewer electrical impulses, effectively communicating that stimulus to the brain. In neuroanatomy, sensory transduction is the process in which a receptor cell converts the energy in a stimulus into a change in the electrical potential across its membrane. ref Breedlove, S.M., Rosenzweig, M.R., & Watson, N.V., Biological Psychology , 5th Edition, Sinauer Associates, Inc, Sunderland, MA, 2007 ref It causes the membrane to depolarize and allows the neuroimpluse to be transducted to the brain for integration. Reflist DEFAULTSORT Transduction Physiology Category Physiology Neuroanatomy stub Signaltransduction stub he simple Transduction physiology ... more details
Otheruses Ventilation In respiratory physiology , ventilation or ventilation rate is the rate at which gas enters or leaves the lung . It is categorised under the following definitions class wikitable Measurement Symbol Equation Description Minute ventilation math dot V math tidal volume respiratory rate ref name virginia http www.healthsystem.virginia.edu Internet Anesthesiology Elective airway ventilation.cfm Respiratory Physiology Ventilation Bot generated title ref ref http www.nda.ox.ac.uk wfsa html u12 u1211 02.htm Respiratory Physiology page 2 Bot generated title ref the total volume of gas entering the lungs per minute. Alveolar ventilation math dot V A math tidal volume dead space physiology dead space respiratory rate ref name virginia ref the volume of gas per unit time that reaches the alveolus alveoli , the respiratory portions of the lungs where gas exchange occurs. Dead space ventilation math dot V D math dead space physiology dead space respiratory rate ref GeorgiaPhysiology 4 4ch3 s4ch3 16 ref is the volume of gas per unit time that does not reach these respiratory portions, but instead remains in the airways Vertebrate trachea trachea , bronchi , etc. . Sample values class wikitable Measure Sample value at rest Sample value moderate exercise ref name Int Panis cite journal last Int Panis first L title Exposure to particulate matter in traffic A comparison of cyclists and car passengers journal Atmospheric Environment volume 44 issue pages 2263 2270 year 2010 url doi 10.1016 j.atmosenv.2010.04.028 pmid month ref Tidal volume 0.5 L 1.8 L Respiratory rate 15 breaths minute 30 breaths minute Respiratory minute volume Minute ventilation 7.5 L min 50 L min Dead space 0.1667 L 0.1667 L Dead space ventilation 2.5 L min Alveolar ventilation 5.0 L min Pulmonary ventilation may be evaluated using a breathing tube or spirometer , measuring the movement of the chest ... at rtcorner.net Respiratory physiology Category Respiratory physiology biology stub ar ... more details
Image Alveoli.svg thumb 300px Gaseous exchange in the lung. Respiratory physiology is the branch of human physiology focusing upon Respiration physiology respiration . Topics include Volumes lung volumes vital capacity functional residual capacity dead space physiology dead space spirometry body plethysmography peak flow meter Mechanics Image Gray965.png thumb 80px Front view of thorax. Inhalation breathing in is usually an active movement. The contraction of the diaphragm muscles cause a pressure variation, which is equal to the pressures caused by elastic, resistive and inertial components of the respiratory system. In contrast, expiration breathing out is usually a passive process. math begin align P & P el P re P in P & EV R dot V I ddot V end align math Where P sub el sub equals the product of elastance E inverse of Pulmonary compliance compliance and volume of the system V, P sub re sub equals the product of flow Airway resistance resistance R and time derivate of volume V which is equivalent to the flow , P sub in sub equals the product of inertance I and second time derivate of V. R and I are sometimes referred to as Rohrer s constants. Anatomy pleural cavity , thoracic diaphragm , Intercostales externi muscles , Intercostales interni muscles inhalation and exhalation lung , pulmonary alveolus With insufficient pulmonary surfactant , the pulmonary alveolus pulmonary alveoli collapse, causing atelectasis in infants, infant respiratory distress syndrome the law of Laplace , compliance physiology decreased with fibrosis , increased with emphysema ref http oac.med.jhmi.edu ... physiology , perfusion , ventilation perfusion ratio V Q , and ventilation perfusion scan shunts right ... See also breath sounds pulmonology respiratory system Wikipedia MeSH G09 MeSH G09.772 respiratory physiology ... section4 4outline.htm Overview at Medical College of Georgia Respiratory physiology Category Respiratory physiology es Fisiolog a respiratoria ... more details
For other uses Stimulus disambiguation Unreferenced date June 2009 In physiology , a stimulus pl. stimuli is a detectable change in the internal or external Environment systems environment . The ability of an organism or Organ anatomy organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity . When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor , it elicits or influences a Reflex action reflex via Transduction physiology stimulus transduction . A stimulus is often the first component of a Homeostasis homeostatic control system . When a Sensory neuron sensory neuron and a Motor neuron motor neuron communicate with each other, it is called a nerve stimulus. See also Stimulation Stimulus psychology Category Neurophysiology neuroscience stub da Stimulus de Reiz et Stiimul eo Stimulo fr Stimulus he ur id Stimulus fisiologi nl Stimulus no Stimulus pt Est mulo fisiologia ru simple Stimulus sv Stimulus zh ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Defense physiology is a term used to refer to the symphony of body function physiology changes which occur in response to a stress or threat. When the body executes the fight or flight reaction or stress response, the nervous system initiates, coordinates and directs specific changes in how the body is functioning physiology , preparing the body to deal with the threat. See also General Adaptation Syndrome . Definitions stress As it pertains to the term defense physiology , the term stress refers to a perceived threat to the continued functioning of the body life according to its current state. threat What constitutes a threat as it pertains to defense physiology ? A threat may be consciously recognized or not. A physical event a loud noise or car collision , a chemical or a biological agent which alters or has the possibility to alter body function physiology away from optimum or healthy functioning or away from its current state of functioning may be perceived as a threat also called a Stress medicine Stressors stressor . Life circumstances, though posing no immediate physical danger, could be perception perceived as a threat. Anything that could change the continuing of the person s life as they are currently experiencing it could be perceived as a threat . Physiological reactions to threat or perceived threat A threat may be either empirical an outside observer may agree that the event or circumstance poses a threat or a priori an outside observer would not agree that the event or circumstance poses a threat . What is important to the individual, in terms of the body s response, is that a threat is perception perceived . The perception of a threat may also trigger an associated feeling of stress medicine Folklore of stress distress . Duration ... response Negative effects of the stress response in humans chronic Defense Physiology . Continuing ... distress . See also Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis Category Physiology Category Stress Category ... more details
wiktionary depression Unreferenced date October 2008 Depression in physiology and medicine refers to a lowering, in particular a reduction in a particular biological variable or the function of an organ. It is in contrast to elevation. For example, it is possible to refer to depressed thyroid function or to a depression of blood flow in a particular area. Further examples Depression of the central nervous system of an animal may be expressed as drowsiness or sleep, lack of coordination and unconsciousness . Category Medical terms ... more details
Cell physiology including cellular electrophysiology is the biological study of the cell biology cell s mechanism and interaction in its environment. The term physiology refers to all the normal functions that take place in a living organism. Absorption of water by roots, production of food in the leaves, and growth of shoots towards light are examples of plant physiology. The heterotrophic metabolism of food derived from plants and animals and the use of movement to obtain nutrients even if the organism itself remains in a relatively stationary position are characteristic of animal physiology. In the context of human physiology , cell physiology is often the term used to describe the physiology of cell membrane membrane transport, neuron transmission, and less frequently muscle contraction. In general these cover the digestion of food, circulation of blood and contraction of muscles and, therefore, are important aspects of human physiology. For a more complete description of the general physiological function of human cells as well as the cells of other life forms , see the article on cell biology General characteristics of cell physiology There are two types of cells, Prokaryote s and Eukaryote s. Prokaryotes first came into existence and contain no self contained nucleus, therefore making their mechanisms much simpler compared to the later evolved Eukaryotes , which do contain a cell nucleus nucleus enveloping the cell s DNA and nuclear organelles . Because virus es, viroid s, prion s and such see Acytota Aphanobionta depend entirely on the physiology of other cells i.e., cells containing their own physiology , the former entities are often not considered to be living by the biologists who study them. All living cells, whether prokaryotes or eukaryotes, contain the following ... at Medical College of Georgia MeshName cell physiology MeshName electrophysiology DEFAULTSORT Cell Physiology Category Cell biology ar ca Fisiologia cel lular fr Physiologie cellulaire ... more details
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