In biology , abiotic components are non living chemical and physical property physical factors in the Natural environment environment . Abiotic phenomena underlie all of biology. Abiotic factors, while generally downplayed, can have enormous impact on evolution . Abiotic components are aspects of geodiversity .They can also be recognised as abiotic pathogens From the viewpoint of biology, abiotic influences may be classified as light or more generally radiation , temperature , humidity water , the chemical surrounding composed of the terrestrial atmospheric atmospheric gases , as well as soil . The macroscopic climate often influences each of the above. Not to mention pressure and even sound waves if working with marine, or deep underground, biome. Those underlying factors affect different plants, animals and fungi to different extents. Some plants are mostly water starved, so humidity plays a larger role in their biology. Many archaebacteria require very high temperatures, or pressures, or unusual concentrations of chemical substances such as sulfur, because of their specialization into extreme conditions. Certain fungi have evolved to survive mostly at the temperature, the humidity, and stability. For example, there is a significant difference in access to water as well as humidity between temperate rainforest s and desert s. This difference in water access causes a diversity in the types of plants and animals that grow in these areas. References C.Michael Hogan. 2010. http www.eoearth.org article Abiotic factor?topic 49461 Abiotic factor . Encyclopedia of Earth. eds Emily Monosson and C. Cleveland. National Council for Science and the Environment . Washington DC http www.botany.uwc.ac.za sci ed grade10 ecology abiotic abiot.htm Abiotic Components from the Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape Republic of South Africa modelling ecosystems DEFAULTSORT AbioticComponent Category Environmental science ar bg ... more details
Abiotic stress is defined as the negative impact of non living factors on the living organisms in a specific environment. ref cite web url http www.biology online.org dictionary Abiotic stress title Abiotic ... as fungi or harmful insects, abiotic stress factors, or stressors, are naturally occurring, often ... in the area affected. Abiotic stress is essentially unavoidable. Abiotic stress affects animals, but plants are especially dependent on environmental factors, so it is particularly constraining. Abiotic ... of crops worldwide. ref Gao, Ji Ping, et al. Understanding Abiotic Stress Tolerance Mechanisms Recent ... Research has also shown that abiotic stressors are at their most harmful when they occur together, in combinations of abiotic stress factors. ref name mitt Mittler, Ron. Abiotic stress, the field environment and stress combination. Trends in Plant Science 11 1 15 19, 2006. ref Examples of abiotic stress Abiotic stress comes in many forms. The most common of the stressors are the easiest for people to identify, but there are many other, less recognizable abiotic stress factors which affect environments ... plant health, protecting plants from biotic and abiotic stress related injuries and enhancing ... 2006. ref Effects of abiotic stress Abiotic stress, as a natural part of every ecosystem, will affect ..., the location of the area is crucial in determining the extent of the impact that abiotic stress will have. The higher the latitude of the area affected, the greater the impact of abiotic stress will be on that area. So, a taiga or boreal forest is at the mercy of whatever abiotic stress factors ... where abiotic stress plays a constructive role in an ecosystem is in natural wildfires. While they can ... can still be considered an abiotic stressor, because it puts an obvious stress on individual ... of the abiotic stress. On the larger scale, though, natural wildfires are positive manifestations of abiotic stress. ref name bruss Brussaard, Lijbert, Peter C. de Ruiter, and George G. Brown. Soil ... more details
Wiktionarypar componentComponent may refer to Usage Component may refer to Electronic component s, the constituents of electronic circuits Component ingredient , the main ingredient in a dish Component video , a type of analog video information that is transmitted or stored as two or more separate signals Symmetrical components , in electrical engineering, analysis of unbalanced three phase power systems Component based software engineering , a field of study within software engineering dealing with software components, reusable software elements with a specification Component UML , definition of component in the Unified Modeling Language Component thermodynamics , a chemically distinct constituent of a phase of a system Lumped component , a model of spatially distributed systems Component VTA , a light rail station in San Jose, California Software component , part of the starting platform for service orientation throughout software engineering Mathematical terms Component group theory , a quasisimple subnormal subgroup Connected component graph theory , a maximal connected subgraph Connected component topology in topology, a maximal connected subspace of a topological space Vector component , a term in the decomposition of a vector into various directions such as axial, radial or tangential See also Gabow s algorithm Giant component Identity component Irreducible component Strongly connected component Tangential and normal components Category Components disambig ca Component da Komponent de Komponente es Componente fr Composant ko hu Komponens egy rtelm s t lap nl Component ja no Komponent pt Componente ru simple Component sk Komponent fi Komponentti sv Komponent ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2010 Biotic components are the living things that shape an ecosystem . A biotic factor is any living component that affects another organism , including animal s that consume the organism in question, and the living food that the organism consumes. Biotic factors include human influence. Biotic components are contrasted to abiotic component s, which are non living components of an organism s environment, such as temperature, light, moisture, air currents, etc. Biotic components usually include Producers, i.e. autotroph s e.g. plants they convert the energy from the sun, or other sources such as hydrothermal vent s into food. Consumers, i.e. heterotroph s e.g. animals they depend upon producers for food. Decomposers, i.e. detritivore s e.g. fungi and bacteria they break down chemicals from producers and consumers into simpler form which can be reused. See also Abiotic component Biotic stress Ecology biology stub modelling ecosystems Category Ecology da Biotisk faktor de Biotische Umweltfaktoren eo Biotaj medifaktoroj id Biotik lb Biotesch mweltfaktoren mk pl Czynniki biotyczne pt Fator bi tico ru fi Bioottiset ymp rist tekij t ... more details
In network theory , a giant component is a Connected graph connected subgraph that contains a majority of the entire graph s Graph mathematics nodes . Percolation theory is based on adding nodes and connections to an empty graph until a giant component surfaces. See also Erd s R nyi model External links http expertvoices.nsdl.org cornell info204 2008 03 06 the formation of a giant component The growth of a giant component http expertvoices.nsdl.org cornell info204 2008 05 01 giant component full development The full development of a giant component http math.ucsd.edu rmrichar math262 apr 27 notes.pdf Definition and theory of Giant Connected Components Combin stub Category Graph connectivity ru ... more details
Spread Component SC as used in the NFDRS The Spread Component is a rating of the forward rate of spread of a headfire. ref Deeming, et al., 1977 ref Deeming states that the spread component is numerically equal to the theoretical ideal rate of spread expressed in feet per minute. This carefully worded statement indicates both guidelines it s theoretical and cautions it s ideal that must be used when applying the SPread Component. Wind speed, slope and fine fuel moisture are key inputs in the calculations of the spread component, thus accounting for a high variability from day to day. The Spread Component is expressed on an open ended scale thus it has no upper limit. References reflist Category Firefighting in the United States ... more details
File Policy Admin Component Diagram.PNG thumb 420px Component Diagram of an Insurance Policy Administration System In the Unified Modeling Language , a component diagram depicts how component UML components are wired together to form larger components and or software system s. They are used to illustrate the structure of arbitrarily complex systems. Overview Components are wired together by using an assembly connector to connect the required interface of one component with the provided interface of another component. This illustrates the service consumer service provider relationship between the two components. An assembly connector is a connector between two components that defines that one component provides the services that another component requires. An assembly connector is a connector that is defined from a required interface or port to a provided interface or port. ref name OMG V2.1.2 ..., V2.1.2 , p.154. ref When using a component diagram to show the internal structure of a component, the provided and required interfaces of the encompassing component can delegate to the corresponding ... contract of a component as specified by its ports to the internal realization of that behavior by the component s parts. ref name OMG V2.1.2 The example above illustrates what a typical Insurance ... may have other component diagrams illustrating their internal structure. References reflist Refimprove date February 2009 External links commonscat Component diagrams http www.agilemodeling.com artifacts componentDiagram.htm Introduction to UML 2 Component Diagrams by Scott W. Ambler http www.agilemodeling.com style componentDiagram.htm UML 2 Component Diagram Guidelines by Scott W. Ambler http www.sparxsystems.com.au resources uml2 tutorial uml2 componentdiagram.html Component Diagrams in UML 2 http www.uml diagrams.org component diagrams.html UML 2 Component Diagrams UML DEFAULTSORT Component Diagram Category UML diagrams Category Component based software engineering uml stub de Komponentendiagramm ... more details
In mathematics , the identity component of a topological group G is the connected component topology connected component G sub 0 sub of G that contains the identity element of the group. Similarly, the identity path component of a topological group G is the path component of G that contains the identity element of the group. Properties The identity component G sub 0 sub of a topological group G is a closed set closed , normal subgroup of G . It is closed since components are always closed. It is a subgroup since multiplication and inversion in a topological group are continuous map topology continuous map s by definition. Moreover, for any continuous automorphism a of G we have a G sub 0 sub G sub 0 sub . It follows that G sub 0 sub is normal in G . The identity component G sub 0 sub of a topological group G need not be open set open in G . In fact, we may have G sub 0 sub e , in which case G is totally disconnected group totally disconnected . However, the identity component of a locally path connected space for instance a Lie group is always open, since it contains a path connected neighbourhood of e and therefore is a clopen set . The identity path component may in general be smaller than the identity component since path connectedness is a stronger condition than connectedness , but these agree if G is locally path connected. Component group The quotient group G G sub 0 sub is called the group of components or component group of G . Its elements are just the connected components of G . The component group G G sub 0 sub is a discrete group if and only if G sub 0 sub is open. If G is an affine algebraic group then G G sub 0 sub is actually a finite group . One may similarly define the path component group as the group of path components quotient of G by the identity path component , and in general the component group is a quotient of the path component group, but if G is locally path connected these groups agree. The path component group can also be characterized as the zeroth ... more details
File Component.PNG thumb 320px A UML Component with provided and required interfaces A component in the Unified Modeling Language represents a modular part of a system , that encapsulates its content and whose manifestation is replaceable within its built environment environment . A component defines its behavior in terms of provided and required Interface computer science interfaces . ref name OMG UML V2.1.2 OMG 2008 . http www.omg.org spec UML 2.1.2 Superstructure PDF OMG Unified Modeling Language OMG UML , Superstructure, V2.1.2 p.146. ref A component may be replaced by another if and only if their provided and required interfaces are identical. This idea is the underpinning for the plug and play capability of component based systems and promotes software reuse ref name OMG UML V2.1.2 . As can be seen from the above definition, UML places no restriction on the granularity of a component. Thus, a component may be as small as a figures to words converter , or as large as an entire document management system . Larger pieces of a system s functionality may be assembled by reusing components as parts in an encompassing component or assembly of components, and wiring together their required and provided interfaces. ref name OMG UML V2.1.2 Such assemblies are illustrated by means of component diagram s. References reflist Refimprove date February 2009 External links http www.uml diagrams.org component diagrams.html componentComponent in UML 2 UML DEFAULTSORT Component Uml Category Unified Modeling Language uml stub de Komponente UML ... more details
Component engineering is an engineering discipline primarily used to assure the availability of suitable components required to manufacture a larger product. The term combines two ideas, whereas a wikt componentcomponent is a smaller, self contained part of a larger entity, and engineering is the discipline and profession of applying science knowledge for the benefit of people. Those who professionally practice primarily this discipline are called component engineers. Component engineers are typically responsible for the selection, approval qualification, documentation, and management of all purchased components and direct material utilized to produce an ... end product ref name Design Chain Associates definition http www.designchainassociates.com component.html ref . Component engineers typically qualify interchangeable parts obtained from sources outside their organization, generally referred to as vendor s. Because of the high numbers of components used in electronic assemblies, component engineering is often closely associated with their design and manufacture. See also engineering just in time list of engineering branches manufacturing engineering References Reflist External links http www.cesoc.org cejobdef.htm Component Engineering Society of Orange County, California CESOC definition http www.designchainassociates.com component.html Design Chain Associates definition Category Manufacturing ... more details
Orphan date September 2008 Component television is a form factor in which a television set is sold as a system of separate components, similar to audio components . ref http www.sony.net Fun SH 1 35 h3.html History of the Sony Profeel component television Dead link date February 2011 ref For example, a component television system is a Video monitor monitor , Television tuner tuner and Loudspeaker speaker s sold separately and which can be integrated into a single system. The component television form factor began in 1980 but became notable in 1982 with Sony s ProFeel television line and became a design fad with many manufacturers until the late 1980s. References Reflist Category Video hardware electronics stub ... more details
Connected component s are part of topology and graph theory , two related branches of mathematics . For the graph theoretic concept, see connected component graph theory . In topology connected component topology . previous link See also locally connected space Disambig Category Mathematical disambiguation eo Vikipedio Projekto matematiko Koneksa komponanto fr Composante connexe ... more details
unreferenced date March 2011 wikify date March 2011 The Wind Component chart provides crosswind and head tail wind components, appropriate to the runway headings, reported wind velocity and direction. To use the chart, find the intersection between reported wind velocity in knots circular lines and the angle in degrees between reported wind direction and the runway radial lines . Then read head tail wind component to the left and crosswind component from the bottom scale. uncategorized date March 2011 ... more details
Refimprove date June 2009 In Apple Macintosh computer programming , Component Manager was one of many approaches to sharing code that originated on the pre PowerPC Macintosh. It was originally introduced as part of QuickTime , which remained the part of Mac OS that used it most heavily. ref citebook title The multimedia Internet first Stephen B. last Weinstein publisher Springer year 2005 ISBN 0387236813 pages 355 ref Technical details A component was a piece of code that provided various functions that may be invoked by clients. Each function was identified by a signed 16 bit integer ID code. Non positive codes were reserved for predefined functions that should be understood by all components open close a component instance, query whether a function was supported, etc. The meanings of positive function codes depended on the type of component. A component instance was created by opening a component. This called the component s open function to allocate and initialize any necessary storage .... Components and component instances were referenced by 32 bit values that were not Pointer computing pointer s. Instead, they were interpreted as keys into internal Component Manager tables ... . For instance, a component type might be raster image compressor , subtypes of which might exist ..., a component could delegate parts of its functions to another component as a form of subclassing for code reuse. It was also possible for one component to capture another, which meant that all accesses to the captured component had to go through the capturing one. Mac OS Components Mac OS accumulated a great variety of component types Within QuickTime , there were image codecs, media handlers, media ... Manager moved to a predominantly component based architecture in version 3.0 sound output devices were represented as components, and there were also component types for mixing multiple channels ... for the different font formats. References refs Category Mac OS development Category Component ... more details
Image Immunglobulin A as Dimer.png thumb right 180 px The protein dimer dimer ic IgA molecule. br 1 Immunoglobulin heavy chain H chain . br 2 Immunoglobulin light chain L chain . br 3 J chain . br 4 secretory component . The secretory component is a component of immunoglobulin A IgA which consists of a portion of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor . Polymeric IgA binds to the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor on the basolateral surface of epithelial cells and is taken up into the cell via transcytosis . The receptor IgA complex passes through the cellular compartments before being secreted on the lumen anatomy luminal surface of the epithelial cells, still attached to the receptor. Proteolysis of the receptor occurs and the dimeric IgA molecule, along with the secretory component, are free to diffuse throughout the lumen. ref Cite journal author CS Kaetzel, JK Robinson, KR Chintalacharuvu, JP Vaerman, and ME Lamm title The polymeric immunoglobulin receptor secretory component mediates transport of immune complexes across epithelial cells a local defense function for IgA. journal Proc Natl Acad Sci USA volume 88 issue 19 pages 8796 8800 year 1991 pmid 1924341 doi 10.1073 pnas.88.19.8796 pmc 52597 ref External links MeshName Secretory component References Reflist Category Antibodies Immunology stub pl Fragment wydzielniczy ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 A component speaker is a car audio loudspeaker speaker matched for optimal sound quality. Typically a pair of tweeter s and mid woofer bass drivers are matched with a audio crossover crossover to limit the frequency range each speaker must accurately reproduce. Component speakers drivers are physically separated so the tweeter, which is very directional, can be placed in an optimal position, usually on the dash facing the listener, while the larger mid bass driver can be placed where there is room, often in the lower front of the car doors. Component speaker pairs are offered by all of the high end audio manufacturers. DEFAULTSORT Component Speaker Category Loudspeakers Automotive part stub ... more details
Infobox Station name Component type Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority light rail VTA light rail station address 1st Street and Component Drive BR San Jose, California coordinates coord 37.382730 121.92536 type railwaystation region US CA display inline,title image line Rail color box system SCVTA line Blue Rail color box system SCVTA line Green other parking opened 1987 ADA true owned Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority VTA services s rail title SCVTA s line system SCVTA line Blue previous Bonaventura next Karina s line system SCVTA line Green previous Bonaventura next Karina Component is a light rail station operated by Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority . The station is located located in San Jose, California in the center median of 1st Street near Component Drive. The station s street address is 2540 N. First Street. Component has a split platform. The northbound platform is located just north of Component Drive, the southbound platform is located just south of Component Drive. Component is served by both the Alum Rock Santa Teresa VTA Alum Rock Santa Teresa and Mountain View Winchester VTA Mountain View Winchester light rail lines. Transit connections http www.vta.org schedules SC 59.html VTA Bus Route 59 , which previously served this station, was discontinued on January 14, 2008 as a result of updates to VTA bus service. External links http www.transitunlimited.org Component Station Transit Unlimited Santa Clara VTA Category Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority light rail stations tram stub ... more details
Ignition Component IC ref http www.wrh.noaa.gov sew fire olm nfdr com.htm ref A component of the NFDRS National Fire Danger Rating System The Ignition Component is a number which relates the probability that a fire will result if a firebrand is introduced into a fine fuel complex. The ignition component can range from 0 when conditions are cool and damp, to 100 on days when the weather is dry and windy. Theoretically, on a day when the ignition component registers a 60 approximately 60 of all fire brands that come into contact with wildland fuels will require suppression action. Ignition normally takes place in the dead component of the fine fuels. Three distinct steps must be considered in this ignition process. They are A firebrand must come into contact with the dead fuel. The fuel particle must be dry. The temperature of the fuel particle must be raised to the kindling point which is about 380 degrees Celsius. Living material in the fine fuel complex reduces the efficiency of ignition. Therefore, an adjustment to the ignition component is made based on the percentage of live fuel herbaceous vegetation in the fine fuel complex. The moisture content of the dead component of the fine fuel 1 hr. timelag fuel moisture is determined by the state of the weather sunny or cloudy , air temperature , and relative humidity at the time of the 2 p.m. fire weather observation. The condition of the herbaceous live vegetation and the 1 hr. timelag fuel moisture are then integrated in the calculation the fine fuel moisture FFM which expresses the effective moisture content of the fine fuels. The closer the initial temperature of the fuel is to the ignition temperature, the more likely a fire will result when a firebrand in introduced into the fine fuel complex, since not a much energy is required to raise the fuel particle to its ignition temperature. References reflist Category Fire Category Firefighting ... more details
Dablink This article is about analog component video for the processing of color components in digital ... May 2008 Image Component cables.jpg thumb right Three cables, each with RCA connector RCA plug s at both ends, are often used to carry YPbPr analog component video Component video is a video signal ... analog video information that is transmitted or stored as three separate signals. Component video ... is combined into a single line level signal. Like composite, component video cables do not carry ... component video generally refers to analog YPbPr component video with sync on luma. Analog component ... is called component video . S Video , RGB and YPbPr signals comprise two or more separate signals hence, all are component video signals. For most consumer level applications, Analog circuit analog component video is used. Digital component video is slowly becoming popular in both computer and home theatre applications. Component video is capable of carrying signals such as 480i , 480p , 576i , 576p , 720p , 1080i and 1080p , and new high definition TVs support the use of component video up to their native resolution. RGB analog component video Image Vga cable.jpg thumb right A 15 pin ... connector. The various RGB red, green, blue analog component video standards e.g., RGBS, RGBHV ... H and black V . ref http www.digitalconnection.com downloads 9A65manual.pdf How to Use the 9A65 Component to RGB Video Converter ref Component video sync Sync on Green SoG is the least common, and while ... at all, when given a SoG input. YPbPr analog component video main YPbPr Image Component video jack.jpg thumb YPbPr component video out on a consumer electronics device. Further types of component analog video signals do not use R, G, and B components but rather a colorless component, termed luminance .... Both the S Video component video output two separate signals and the YPbPr component video output ... talk of component video today. Many consumer DVD players, high definition displays, video projectors ... more details
In the mathematical classificaation of finite simple group s, the component theorem of harvs txt last Aschbacher year1 1975 year2 1976 shows that if G is a simple group of odd type, and various other assumptions are satisfied, then G has a centralizer of an involution with a standard component with small centralizer. References Citation last1 Aschbacher first1 Michael author1 link Michael Aschbacher title On finite groups of component type url http projecteuclid.org euclid.ijm 1256050927 id MR 0376843 year 1975 journal Illinois Journal of Mathematics issn 0019 2082 volume 19 pages 87 115 Citation last1 Aschbacher first1 Michael author1 link Michael Aschbacher title Tightly embedded subgroups of finite groups doi 10.1016 0021 8693 76 90028 4 id MR 0422400 year 1976 journal Journal of Algebra issn 0021 8693 volume 42 issue 1 pages 85 101 Category finite groups Category Mathematical theorems ... more details
Infobox programming language name Component Pascal logo File OberonLogo.png paradigm imperative programming imperative , structured programming structured , modular programming modular , object oriented programming object oriented year 1991 designer Oberon Microsystems developer latest release version latest release date latest test version latest test date typing strong typing strong , static typing static dialects implementations influenced by Oberon 2 influenced operating system license website Component Pascal is a programming language in the tradition of Niklaus Wirth s Pascal programming .... Their IDE Integrated Development Environment is called BlackBox Component Builder . At the time ... Microsystems announced that the BlackBox Component Builder was made available as a free download ... also be downloaded from their website. BlackBox Component Pascal uses the extensions .odc O beron d ... files while Gardens Point Component Pascal uses .cp for source and .cps for symbol files. BlackBox Component Pascal has its own executable and loadable object format .ocf O beron c ode f ile it includes ... Oberon microsystems http www.oberon.ch pdf CP Lang.pdf Component Pascal Language Report http www.oberon.ch pdf CP New.pdf What s new in Component Pascal? http www.oberon.ch blackbox.html More Information Download the BlackBox Component Builder http www.lrz muenchen.de bernhard BlackBox License.pdf Open Source License for the framework http plas.fit.qut.edu.au gpcp Gardens Point Component Pascal http www.zinnamturm.eu Component Pascal Collection with many useful sources http www.cfbsoftware.com gpcp Component Pascal Resources dmoz Computers Programming Languages Oberon Component Pascal Evolution ... CP New.pdf What s New in Component Pascal Changes from Oberon 2 to CP , Pfister 2001 Category .NET programming languages Category Oberon programming language family Category Component based software engineering Pascal de Component Pascal it Component Pascal ja Component Pascal ru ... more details
Through Technology 2002 References references http www.reaxmusic.com reviews view unknown component ... index.php?option com content&view article&id 428 cd review unknown component separately ... Official Site http www.facebook.com pages Unknown Component 6015323683 Facebook Page DEFAULTSORT Unknown Component Category American indie rock groups Category Musical groups from Iowa ... more details
Context date October 2009 A cause of a disease event is an event that preceded the disease event in a disease causal chain. Without this antecedent event the disease event either would not have occurred at all or would not have occurred until some later time. However, no specific event is sufficient by itself to produce disease. Hence such an event is a component of a sufficient cause . See also, Sufficient cause of the disease . http www.ajph.org cgi reprint 95 S1 S144 Rothman and Greenland medicine stub Category Diseases and disorders ... more details
In telecommunications , spectral component is any of the wave s that range outside the interval of frequency frequencies assigned to a signal. Any waveform can be disassembled into its spectral components by Fourier analysis or Fourier transformation . The length of a pulse thereby is determined by its complex spectral components, which include not just their relative intensities, but also the relative positions spectral phase of these spectral components. See also Spectral width Bandwidth limited pulse Category Telecommunications engineering Telecomm term stub ... more details
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