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19th century





Encyclopedia results for 19th century

  1. 19th century

    , 1808. Napoleon enters Spain s capital during the Peninsular War , 1810 The 19th century 1801 ... piracy . The 19th century was an era of invention and discovery, with significant developments ... The United States and the Industrial Revolution in the 19th Century ref The Victorian era ... of human anatomy and disease prevention took place in the 19th century, and were partly ... doubled during the 19th century, from roughly 200 million to more than 400 million. ref http www.britannica.com ... 237346 Liberalism in the 19th century Liberalism in the 19th century . Encyclop dia Britannica. ref ... in Russia Russia . The 19th century was remarkable in the widespread formation of new settler settlement ... proportion of the two continents largest cities being founded at some point in the century. In the 19th ... The 19th century also saw the rapid creation, development and codification of many sports, particularly ... sports were developed during the 19th century, while the British Empire facilitated the rapid spread ... Map of the world from 1897. The British Empire marked in pink was the superpower of the 19th century ... right thumb Robert Koch discovered the tuberculosis bacilli. In the 19th century, tuberculosis ... of the early 19th century gave way to Impressionism and Post Impressionism in the later ... the Hudson River School was prominent. 19th century painters included Albert Bierstadt William Blake ... form of instrumental compositions throughout the 19th century. Much of the music from the 19th ... Piotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky Giuseppe Verdi Richard Wagner Literature main Romantic poetry 19th century ... Engels published the Communist Manifesto. There was a huge literary output during the 19th century ... Whewell publisher Stanford University ref Among the most influential ideas of the 19th century ... important 19th century scientists included Amedeo Avogadro , physicist Johann Jakob Balmer , mathematician ... for the technological advances of the 20th century. ref http corporate.britannica.com press ...   more details



  1. 19th century in poetry

    Centuryinbox in? in poetry cpa 18 cpb th century c 19th century cn1 20th century Decades and years DecadesAndYearsIn 17 18 19 in poetry DEFAULTSORT 19th Century In Poetry Category 19th century Poetry Category Years in poetry Poetry year stub ...   more details



  1. 19th century BC in architecture

    Unreferenced stub date December 2009 See also 20th century BC in architecture , 19th century BC other events of the 19th century BC , 18th century BC in architecture and the architecture timeline . Buildings c. 1860 BC , construction of the Ancient Egyptian fortress at Buhen DEFAULTSORT 19th Century Bc In Architecture Category 19th century BC architecture Architecture stub Art history stub ...   more details



  1. 19th century (disambiguation)

    The 19th century of the Common Era began on 1 January 1801 and ended on 31 December 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar. 19th century or Nineteenth century may also refer to Nineteenth Century periodical Nineteenth Century periodical , a British monthly literary magazine Nineteenth Century Literature , a University of California Press literary journal disambig ...   more details



  1. 19th century in the United States

    The 19th century in the United States refers to the period in the United States from 1801 through 1900 in the Gregorian calendar . For information on this period, see Category 19th century in the United States History of the United States series History of the United States 1789 1849 History of the United States 1849 1865 History of the United States 1865 1918 Timeline of the United States series Timeline of United States history 1790 1819 Timeline of United States history 1820 1859 Timeline of United States history 1860 1899 DEFAULTSORT 19th Century In The United States Category 19th century in the United States ...   more details



  1. 19th century in games

    see also 18th century in games , 1900s in games Games released or invented in the 19th century The Mansion of Happiness 1843 the first commercially produced game in the USA Authors card game The Game of Authors 1861 Snakes and ladders 1870 Game of the District Messenger Boy Game of the District Messenger Boy, or Merit Rewarded 1886 Messenger Boy 1886 Game of the Telegraph Boy 1888 Chinese Checkers c. 1893 derived from Halma Ludo board game Ludo 1896 Reversi 1898 Significant games related events in the 19th century The Milton Bradley Company is founded in Springfield, Massachusetts 1860 . E.G. Selchow & Co. founded 1867 , later changing its name to Selchow and Righter 1880 . Parker Brothers founded by George S. Parker 1883 . DEFAULTSORT 19th Century In Games Category 19th century Games Category Years in games 1800 ...   more details



  1. 19th century in literature

    Unreferenced date December 2009 Year nav topic 1810 literature See also 19th century in poetry , 18th century in literature , 19th century other events of the 19th century , 20th century in literature , list of years in literature . TOC Literature of the 19th century refers to world literature produced during the 19th century. The range of years is, for the purpose of this article, literature written from roughly 1799 to 1900 . Many of the developments in literature in this period parallel changes in the visual arts and other aspects of 19th century culture. By language History of literature Golden Age of Russian Poetry French literature of the 19th century By year List of years in literature 1800s 1800s List of years in literature 1810s 1810s List of years in literature 1820s 1820s List of years in literature 1830s 1830s List of years in literature 1840s 1840s List of years in literature 1850s 1850s List of years in literature 1860s 1860s List of years in literature 1870s 1870s List of years in literature 1880s 1880s List of years in literature 1890s 1890s List of years in literature 1900s 1900s See also 19th century Literature History of modern literature Modern Literature.2C 19th century Kailyard school DEFAULTSORT 19th Century In Literature Category 19th century books Category History of literature bs Knji evnost 19. vijeka bg 19 uk 19 ...   more details



  1. 19th century history of Germany

    History of Germany during the 19th century Frederick William III of Prussia r. 1797 1840 Peace of Pressburg 1805 Confederation of the Rhine 1806 1813 German Confederation 1815 1866 Revolutions of 1848 in the German states First Schleswig War 1848 1861 Second Schleswig War 1864 Austro Prussian War 1866 North German Confederation 1866 1871 Franco Prussian War 1870 1871 Unification of Germany 18 January 1871 German Empire 1871 1918 Year of Three Emperors 1888 See also Pan Germanism Kingdom of Prussia Kingdom of W rttemberg German dualism Austrian Empire Germans disambig Category 19th century in Germany ...   more details



  1. 19th century in LGBT rights

    Commons category LGBT history in the 19th century Events 1860s 1869 A German pamphlet by the Austrian born novelist Karl Maria Kertbeny , published anonymously, ref name gayhistory2 citation url http www.gayhistory.com rev2 events 1869b.htm title Kertbeny Coins Homosexual accessdate 2007 09 07 periodical GayHistory.com ref arguing against a Kingdom of Prussia Prussian anti sodomy law contains the first known use of the word homosexual in print. ref Feray, Jean Claude Herzer, Manfred 1990 . Homosexual Studies and Politics in the 19th Century Karl Maria Kertbeny . Journal of Homosexuality, Vol. 19, No. 1. ref 1870s 1871 May 15 Paragraph 175 known formally as German legal citation 175 StGB also known as Section 175 in English is added to the Germany German Criminal Code . It made homosexuality homosexual acts between males a crime, and in early revisions the provision also criminalized bestiality . The Nazi Germany Nazis broadened the law in 1935 in the prosecutions that followed, Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany and the Holocaust thousands died in Nazi concentration camps . It was repealed on 10 March 1994. 1880s 1885 In the United Kingdom , the Criminal Law Amendment Act 1885 , whose Labouchere Amendment Clause 11 outlaws sexual relations between men but not women is given Royal Assent by Victoria of the United Kingdom Queen Victoria . A popular legend claims that Victoria struck references to lesbianism from the Act because of her refusal to believe that women did such things in reality, they had simply never been mentioned in the Act. Clause 11 reads blockquote Any male person who, in public or private, commits, or is a party to the commission of, or procures or attempts to procure the commission by any male person of, any act of gross indecency with another male ... Notes references DEFAULTSORT 19th Century In Lgbt Rights Category Years in LGBT rights Category 19th century in LGBT history ...   more details



  1. 19th century London

    History of London This article covers the history of London in the 19th century . Overview File Poverty map old nichol 1889.jpg thumb 300px right Part of Charles Booth s poverty map showing the Old Nichol , a slum in the East End of London . Published 1889 in Life and Labour of the People in London . The red areas are middle class, well to do , light blue areas are poor, 18s to 21s a week for a moderate family , dark blue areas are very poor, casual, chronic want , and black areas are the lowest class...occasional labourers, street sellers, loafers, criminals and semi criminals . During the 19th century, London was transformed into the world s largest city and capital of the British Empire . Its population expanded from 1 million in 1800 to 6.7 million a century later 1.9 average annual growth . During this period, London became a global political, financial, and trading capital. In this position, it was largely unrivaled until the latter part of the century, when Paris and New York City began to threaten its dominance. While the city grew wealthy as Britain s holdings expanded, 19th century London was also a city of poverty, where millions lived in overcrowded and unsanitary slum s. Life ... famous events of 19th century London was the Great Exhibition of 1851 . Held at The Crystal Palace ... civil engineering projects of the 19th century, he oversaw construction of over 2100  km of tunnels ... Many famous buildings and landmarks of London were constructed during the 19th century including ... Circa 1896 Late 19th Century London then and now http www.historicaleye.com Lost1.html ... 19th Century London Category 19th century in London ... Railway Map of London, 1899, from The Pocket Atlas and Guide to London Coming of the railway 19th century London was transformed by the coming of the railway s. A new network of metropolitan railways ... , Shoreditch , Southwark and Lambeth . With London s rapid growth, towards the middle of the century ...   more details



  1. 19th century BC

    Centurybox 19 The 19th century BC was the century which lasted from 1900 BC to 1801 BC. Note that per WP DATE, years before 1700 BC should link to the relevant century. Thus wikifying any of these years will redirect to this page. Only wikify links to other centuries. Events File SenusretIIPyramid.jpg thumb 250px Pyramid of Senusret II at El Lahun . He was a Twelfth Dynasty Pharaoh Hittites Hittite empire in Hattusa , Anatolia . 1900 BC Proto Greek invasions of Greece . c. 1900 BC Minoan civilization Minoan Old Palace period starts in Ancient Greece . c. 1900 BC Fall of last Sumer ian dynasty. c. 1900 BC Late Harappan Phase of the Indus Valley Civilization begins c. 1900 BC The Mokaya along the Pacific coast of present day Chiapas , Mexico were preparing Theobroma cacao cacao beverages. ref name aj200712 cite journal url http antiquity.ac.uk projgall powis index.html title Oldest chocolate in the New World author Terry G. Powis, W. Jeffrey Hurst, Mar a del Carmen Rodr guez, Ponciano Ort z C., Michael Blake, David Cheetham, Michael D. Coe & John G. Hodgson journal Antiquity journal Antiquity volume 81 issue 314 month December year 2007 issn 0003 598X accessdate 2011 02 15 ref c. 1900 BC Port of Lothal is abandoned. c. 1897 BC Senwosret II Twelfth dynasty of Egypt Twelfth Dynasty started to rule. He built Kahun near his pyramide tomb complex at el Lahun . c. 1895 1878 BC pectoral Ancient Egypt Pectoral of Senwosret II , from the tomb of princess Sithathoryunet at el Lahun was made. Twelfth dynasty of Egypt Twelfth Dynasty . It is now in the Metropolitan Museum of Art , New York . c. 1880 BC Pharaoh Senwosret II starts to rule other date is 1897 BC . 1878 BC Senwosret II Twelfth ... reflist DEFAULTSORT 19th Century Bc Category 2nd millennium BC 1 Category 19th century BC Category ... Calendar 1,948 years after Genesis creation myth biblical creation . Other datings include 23rd century BC, 21st century BC, 17th century BC, 16th century BC, and 15th century BC 1807 18th century BC ...   more details



  1. History of anatomy in the 19th century

    The 19th century saw anatomist s largely finalise and systematise the descriptive human anatomy of the previous century. The discipline also progressed to establish growing sources of knowledge in histology and developmental biology , not only of humans but also of animal s. Anatomical science Though R.B. Sabatier developed a recognisably modern system it was soon superseded by subsequent work. Sommerring Samuel Thomas Sommerring originally published a clear, accurate and precise system in German language German 1791 1796 , then in Latin 1794 1800 . There was a second German edition in 1800 1801 and a further eight volume edition 1841 1844 revised and with additional material by Th.L.W. Bischoff , Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle , E.H. Huschke , Theile, G.G. Valentin , Vogel , and Rudolph Wagner . The arrangement of the edition is Vol. 1 Wagner details the life, correspondence and literary writings of Sommerring Vol. 2 Anatomy of the bone s and ligaments Vol. 3 Anatomy of the muscle s and the vascular system by Theile Vol. 4 Microscope microscopic anatomy of the nervous system by Valentin, including the brain , the spinal cord , and the ganglia Vol. 5 Anatomy of the organ anatomy organ s by Huschke this part of the work had been left incomplete by Sommerring but he had left extensive material to work on Vol. 6 An entire and complete system of general anatomy, deduced from personal observation by Henle other careful observers, the materials being in general new, and in all instances ... colleges, particularly for anatomy demonstrations. Before the 19th century, most were bodies of capital ... Account of public destruction of an anatomy school http burkeandhare.com bhlesson.htm Animation of 19th century illustrations showing head dissections DEFAULTSORT History Of Anatomy In The 19th Century ... 6 Sappol, M. 2002 A Traffic of Dead Bodies Anatomy and Embodied Social Identity in Nineteenth century ... for the Education of Physicians in Early Nineteenth Century American History location Jefferson ...   more details



  1. 19th century turnpikes in Massachusetts

    Image 19th century turnpikes Massachusetts.jpg thumb right 250px Map of the 19th century turnpikes in Massachusetts. In the late 18th century and early 19th century, turnpikes, as opposed to ordinary roads of the same time, were roads where gates barred travelers from continuing and at which payments were demanded for the use of the road. The word turnpike itself comes from the fact that these gates, called pikes, were turned once the toll was paid. The privilege of building and operating turnpikes was conferred by the state legislature to turnpike corporations . Turnpikes were constructed using private capital, were privately owned, and were operated for revenue from toll collection. The turnpike era in Massachusetts began in 1796, when the first act of incorporation for a turnpike was passed. By 1850, most turnpike corporations had either been dissolved or had stopped collecting tolls. In all, 118 acts of incorporation were passed ten of these were in the territory that later became the state of Maine . Typical toll rates were twenty five cents for every coach with additional charges of four cents for every man and horse. List of turnpikes The following 19th century Toll road turnpikes were chartered and built in Massachusetts class wikitable Turnpike name General routing Dates of operation Modern designation First Massachusetts Turnpike North Wilbraham&ndash Palmer MA Palmer &ndash Warren 1796 1819 U.S. Route 20 Massachusetts U.S. Route 20 &ndash Old Warren Road&ndash Route 67 Massachusetts Route 67 Second Massachusetts Turnpike http catskillarchive.com rrextra httpk2nd.Html North Adams&ndash Drury&ndash Charlemont 1797 1833 Route 2 Massachusetts Route 2 Third Massachusetts Turnpike Pittsfield line&ndash Worthington MA Worthington &ndash Northampton 1797 1829 Grange Hall Road Robinson Road&ndash Route 143 Massachusetts Route 143 &ndash East Street Chesterfield Road ... Branch Line Press year 1997, orig. 1919 id ISBN 0 942147 05 7 DEFAULTSORT 19th Century Turnpikes ...   more details



  1. Thomas Hayes (19th century)

    Use mdy dates date March 2011 Thomas Hayes 1820 June 23, 1868 was a land owner in the western addition to San Francisco in the 19th century. Hayes Valley in the western addition and Hayes Street are named after him. He was the original franchisee of the Market Street Railway Company Market Street Railway , and county clerk between 1853 and 1856. ref efsfn The franchise for what would become the Market Street Railway was granted in 1857. The line was the first horsecar line to open in San Francisco, opened on July 4, 1860, as the Market Street Railroad Company. The goal was to bring the land to market. The method would be a railway. Thomas Hayes, who owned a large tract in the Western Addition, now known as the Hayes Valley and the banking house of Pioche and Bayerque, who held Hayes s mortgage, ultimately joined with several large property owners in the Mission, to form a business alliance to build a rail line connecting the main part of San Francisco with the old Mission settlement, a distance of three miles. Thomas Hayes came from Roscarberry, County Cork, Ireland and arrived in San Francisco in 1849. Hayes owned the land where in present day the Civic Center buildings are situated. In 1861 Tom Hayes constructed the first outdoor recreational park Hayes Park. In 1868, Hayes was elected as a delegate from San Francisco to the Democratic National Convention in New York. While on board a steamer on the voyage to New York, via Panama, he died on June 23, 1868. Hayes died a bachelor. In his will he left a number of trusts for the benefit of his father and other relatives. The remainder was left to the children of his two brothers, John and Michael Hayes, and to his sister. References note efsfn Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco. http www.sfmuseum.net street stnames4.html Early San Francisco Street Names . Retrieved September 25, 2005. http www.cable car guy.com html ccsfwhensteam2.html Forgotten Pioneers Irish Leaders in Early California, by Thomas F. Prender ...   more details



  1. Christianity in the 19th century

    in the 18th century Christianity in the 20th century Characteristic of Christianity in the 19th century were Evangelical revivals in some largely Protestant countries and later the effects ... are more frequently used, referring to the conclusion of the Synod of Dort . The 19th century saw ... covering diverse, philosophically informed movements and moods within 19th and 20th century Christianity ... Great Awakening of the early 19th century. The movement sought to restore the church and the unification ... The Methodists of the 19th century continued the interest in Christian holiness that had been started ... as his own body. ref Since the 19th century, they were highly important for the development ... and prayer devotions . Before the 19th century, Popes promulgated Marian veneration by authorizing .... ref Baumann in Marienkunde 1163 ref ref Baumann in Marienkunde, 672 ref Since the 19th century ... 280 px Church from the Jesuit Reductions Indian settlement of San Ignacio Min Only in the 19th century ... By the close of the 19th century, new technologies and superior weaponry had allowed European powers ... Jews, at least from the second half of the 19th century. ref name JCR http www.jcrelations.net en .... hidden 19th century Timeline 2 This timeline is included primarily for editorial and reference ... of Enlightenment Enlightenment began to be felt in the Protestant churches, especially in the 19th century, Liberal Christianity , exemplified especially by numerous theologians in Germany in the 19th century, sought to bring the churches alongside of the broad revolution that Modernism represented ... of a continuing philosophical dialogue. Many 20th century liberal Christians have been influenced ... in the 18th century 18th century , focused on the unchurched and sought to instil in them a deep ... name I Just Want to Be a Christian Rubel Shelly , I Just Want to Be a Christian , 20th Century Christian ... of the 1st century churches as described in the New Testament. One historian of the movement has ...   more details



  1. 19th century in film

    April 20, 1893 Harold Lloyd , actor Deaths Empty section date July 2010 List of 19th century films ... http www.victorian cinema.net intro.htm A Who s Who of Victorian Cinema DEFAULTSORT 19th Century In Film Category 19th century Film Category History of film Category Years in film ...   more details



  1. Timeline of aviation ? 19th century

    his balloon to save his fianc e. Illustration from the late 19th Century. 1824 Englishman Thomas Harris ... the late 19th Century. 1840 Louis Anslem Lauriat makes the first manned flight in Canada, at Saint ... Timeline Of Aviation 19th Century Category Aviation timelines 1801 Category 19th century aircraft ...   more details



  1. Baltimore Orioles (19th century)

    19th century 1894 Baltimore Orioles 1895 Baltimore Orioles 1896 Baltimore Orioles Category Sports ..., Maryland Category Defunct American Association 19th century baseball teams fr Baltimore Orioles XIXe ...   more details



  1. File:19th century chest.JPG

    Summary I created this picture of a nineteenth century American chest, possibly a blanket or sugar chest from a Smithfield, Rhode Island house. Licensing PD self date January 2008 ...   more details



  1. Treasury Note (19th century)

    Treasury Note 19th Century Category 19th century in the United States Category Notes Category Paper ...   more details



  1. Cherokee Nation (19th century)

    History and Culture References reflist Category Cherokee Nation 19th century Category Indian ... city of Natchez, Mississippi . By the mid eighteenth century, the Natchez people were defeated and dispersed ... in early 17th century, de facto Principal Chief from 1813 1827. Junaluska ca. 1775 1868 , veteran ... 1849 Category History of the United States 1865 1918 Category History of the Cherokee Category 19th century Native Americans Category Former regions and territories of the United States Category Former ...   more details



  1. American Association (19th century)

    AA teams that had been taken in by the National League in 1892, the Baltimore Orioles 19th century ... Orioles 19th century Baltimore Orioles sup sup 1882 1891 Newington Park Oriole Park Oriole Park ... Years 1882 1889 Professional Baseball DEFAULTSORT American Association 19th Century Category 1882 ... Association 19th century sh American Association 19. vijek zh 19 ...   more details



  1. Roman Republic (19th century)

    The Constitution of the Roman Republic DEFAULTSORT Roman Republic 19th Century Category Short lived ... in Italy Category 19th century Rome Category Risorgimento Category 1849 in Italy Category ...refimprove date February 2011 seealso Roman Republic Roman Republic 18th century Infobox Former Country native name Repubblica Romana conventional long name Roman Republic common name Roman Republic continent Europe region Italy country Italy status Unrecognized state empire status text event start year start 1849 date start February 9 year end 1849 date end July 2 event end event1 Election date event1 January 21, 1849 event post Invasion date post April 25, 1849 p1 Papal States flag p1 Flag of the Papal States 1808 1870 .svg s1 Papal States flag s1 Flag of the Papal States 1808 1870 .svg image flag Flag of the Roman Republic 19th century .svg flag Flag of Italy flag type State and Civil Flag image map national motto lang it DIO E POPOLO br lang en God and People capital Rome national anthem Il Canto degli Italiani common languages Italian language Italian government type Republic leader1 Carlo Armellini, then Carlo Armellini, then Alessandro Calandrelli leader2 Aurelio Saliceti, then Giuseppe Mazzini, then Aurelio Saliceti leader3 Mattia Montecchi, then Aurelio Saffi, then Livio Mariani title leader Triumvirate Modern Italy Triumvirate stat pop1 3,000,000 stat year1 1849 The Roman Republic was a state declared on February 9, 1849, when the government of Papal States was temporarily substituted by a republican government due to the pope s flight to Gaeta . The republic was led by Carlo Armellini , Giuseppe Mazzini and Aurelio Saffi . Together they formed a triumvirate , a reflection of a form of government seen in the ancient Roman Republic . One of the major innovations the Republic hoped to achieve was enshrined in its constitution Freedom of religion all religions could be practiced freely and the Pope Pius IX pope was guaranteed the right to govern the Catholic Church ...   more details



  1. Wang Tao (19th century)

    to find a list of Jardine Matheson ships in late 19 century, running between Shanghai and Hong Kong ...   more details



  1. 19th century (Mormonism)

    of the church. See also 20th century Mormonism 21st century Mormonism References Reflist DEFAULTSORT 19th Century Mormonism Category History of the Latter Day Saint movement ...   more details




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