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Lymphoma
Lymphoma is a type of solid neoplasm that originates in lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell in the vertebrate immune system). This is in contrast to lymphoid leukemia, which is a malignancy of circulating cells.[1] There are many types of lymphoma. Lymphomas are part of the broad group of diseases called hematological neoplasms. In the 19th and 20th centuries the affliction was called Hodgkin's Disease, as it was discovered by Thomas Hodgkin in 1832. Colloquially, lymphoma is broadly categorized as Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (all other types of lymphoma). Scientific classification of the types of lymphoma is more detailed. Although older classifications referred to histiocytic lymphomas, these are recognized in newer classifications as of B, T or NK cell lineage. Histiocytic malignancies are rare and are classified as sarcomas.[2] PrevalenceAccording to the U.S. National Institutes of Health, lymphomas account for about five percent of all cases of cancer in the United States, and Hodgkin's lymphoma in particular accounts for less than one percent of all cases of cancer in the United States. Because the whole system is part of the body's immune system, patients with a weakened immune system, such as from HIV infection or from certain drugs or medication, also have a higher incidence of lymphoma. ClassificationWHO classificationThe WHO Classification, published in 2001[2], is the latest classification of lymphoma and is based on the "Revised European-American Lymphoma classification" (REAL). This system attempts to group lymphomas by cell type, i.e., the normal cell type that most resembles the tumor. There are three large groups: the B cell, T cell, and natural killer cell tumors. Other less common groups, including Hodgkin lymphoma, are also recognized. (ICD-O codes are provided where available.) Mature B cell neoplasms
DNA-microarray analysis of Burkitt's lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) showing differences in gene expression patterns. Colors indicate levels of expression; green indicates genes that are underexpressed in lymphoma cells (as compared to normal cells), whereas red indicates genes that are overexpressed in lymphoma cells.
Mature T cell and natural killer (NK) cell neoplasms
Hodgkin lymphoma
Immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders
Working formulationThe Working Formulation, published in 1982, is primarily descriptive. It is still occasionally used, but has been superseded by the WHO classification, above. Low grade
Intermediate grade
High grade
Miscellaneous
Other classification systems
Diagnosis, etiology, staging, prognosis, and treatmentSee separate links to Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. GeneticsEnteropathy associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL) is environmentally induced as a result of the consumption of Triticeae glutens. In gluten sensitive individuals with EATL 68% are homozygotes of the DQB1*02 subtype at the HLA-DQB1 locus (serotype DQ2).[3] (See Coeliac Disease, HLA-DQ, HLA DR3-DQ2) See also
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ar:??? ???? bn:?????????? bg:??????? ca:Limfoma de:Malignes Lymphom es:Linfoma eu:Linfoma fr:Lymphome id:Limfoma ia:Lymphoma it:Linfoma he:??????? lt:Limfoma nl:Maligne lymfoom ja:?????? no:Lymfekreft pl:Ch?oniaki z?o?liwe pt:Linfoma ru:??????? sr:?????? fi:Lymfooma sv:Lymfom zh:??? Source: Wikipedia | The above article is available under the GNU FDL. | Edit this article
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