Uppsala (older spelling Upsala) is the capital of Uppsala County (Uppsala län) and the fourth largest city of Sweden with 128,400 inhabitants. Together with suburban Sävja it forms a conurbation with over 138,000 inhabitants.

Located about 70 km north of the capital Stockholm, it is also the seat of the Uppsala municipality (Uppsala kommun). Since 1164, Uppsala has been the ecclesiastical center of Sweden, being the seat of the Sweden's head archbishop. Founded in 1477, the Uppsala University is the oldest center of higher education in Scandinavia and much of Northern Europe.

History

Uppsala was originally located a few kilometers to the north, at a location now known as Gamla Uppsala (Old Uppsala). Today's Uppsala was then called Östra Aros. (Old) Uppsala was, according to medieval writer Adam of Bremen, the main heathen centre of Sweden, and the Temple at Uppsala contained magnificent idols of the Æsir gods.

As a replacement for the Scandinavian gods, Uppsala was made into a strong Christian centre. A bishop was soon consecrated, and in 1164 Uppsala was made into an archdiocese, with Stefan, a monk from Alvastra Abbey, being consecrated the first Archbishop of Uppsala and primate of Sweden.

Uppsala Cathederal medallion

Uppsala is the site of the oldest university in Scandinavia, founded in 1477. Carolus Linnaeus, one of the renowned scholars of Uppsala University, lived in the city for many years, and both his house and garden can still be visited. Uppsala Cathedral is built in the Gothic style and is one of the largest in northern Europe, with towers reaching 118.70 metres. Uppsala is also the site of the 16th century Uppsala Castle.

Woodcut showing the 16th century astronomical clock of Uppsala cathedral, with two clockfaces, one with Arabic numerals and one with Roman ones.

The arms with the lion can be traced from 1737. It has been modernized several times since, most recently in 1986. The meaning of the lion is not certain but is likely connected to the royal lion, also depicted on the Coat of Arms of Sweden.

Geography

Street in Uppsala

Only some 70 kilometers or 40 minutes by train from the capital, many Uppsala residents work in Stockholm. The train to Stockholm-Arlanda Airport takes only 17 minutes, rendering the city easily accessible by air.

The commercial centre of Uppsala can best be described as quite compact: while some beautiful buildings remain in the periphery of the central core, especially on the less intensively built western river bank around the cathedral, castle and university, retail commercial activity is geographically focused to a minor number of blocks around the pedestrianized streets and main square, an area which was subject to large-scale post-World War II metamorphosis during the economically booming years in the 1960s in particular. During recent decades, a significant part of the retail commercial activity has been relocated to shopping malls and stores situated in the outskirts of the city. Alongside with this, the built up areas have expanded in a quite extensive way, and a certain suburbanization has taken place.

Economy

As in many university towns, the bicycle is a common means of transport. Uppsala Central Station in the background to the left.

• Advanced Medical Optics (AMO)
• GE Healthcare
• Pfizer (see Pharmacia)
• Phadia, an offshoot of Pharmacia
• Fresenius
• Lindvalls kaffe (coffee manufacturer)
• Headquarters of MySQL AB
• Q-Med (bioscience)

Universities

• Uppsala University. Founded in 1477, under bishop Jakob Ulvsson. Closed in 1515. Officially reopened in 1595, following the Uppsala Synod in 1593. The university has a famous anatomical theatre, constructed by the scientist and polymath Olof Rudbeck (1630?1702), in the old university building Gustavianum. The building is now a museum. The University has 13 student nations each representing a geographical region of Sweden.

• Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU, Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, main campus)

Sites of interest

By the Fyris river in central Uppsala

The Fyris river neatly divides the city into two different parts: the historic quarter to the west of the river and the administrative, residential and commercial area to the east. Most of the features of interest are in the western part, dominated by the cathedral, and with its old streets, river views and parks.

The most outstanding building in Uppsala is the Domkyrka (Uppsala Cathedral), Scandinavia's largest church (118.70m high), which is visible from most parts of town and from the motorway.

Facing the west end of the cathedral is the Gustavianum, built in 1625 to be the main building of the University, and served as such through most of the 19th century. It contains the Museum of Nordic Antiquities, the Victoria Museum (of Egyptian antiquities) and the University's cultural history collections. It also houses a perfectly preserved 17th-century Anatomical Theatre (used in its time for public dissections).

Across the street from the Gustavianum stands the new building of the Uppsala University, erected in 1879?86 in Italian Renaissance style.

Not very far from the University stands the Uppsala University Library (Carolina Rediviva), also the largest library in Sweden, with over 5 million volumes and some 60,000 manuscripts. The building was built in 1820?1841.

On a circa 35-metre high hill to the southwest of the University Library stands Uppsala Castle. Its construction was initiated in 1549 by King Gustav Vasa, founder of the modern Swedish kingdom. Today the castle holds several museums, and is the residence of the Governor (landshövding).

5km north of Uppsala lies Gamla Uppsala (Old Uppsala), the location of the medieval village of Uppsala. There are few remains, with the exception of three huge burial mounds of pre-Christian monarchs and a 12th-century church.

Notable natives

Uppsala Cathedral, seen from "Gamla Torget" (Swedish: 'The Old Square') across the Fyris river. The white building in the centre is the Upplandsmuseet.

• Anders Jonas Ångström
• Svante Arrhenius
• Ingmar Bergman
• Jöns Jakob Berzelius
• Hans Blix
• Arvid Carlsson
• Anders Celsius
• Stefan Eriksson
• Martin Eriksson (E-Type)
• Torsten Hallman
• Dag Hammarskjöld
• Carolus Linnaeus
• Håkan Nesser
• Olaus Rudbeckius
• Roine Stolt

Of these, Arrhenius, Bergman, Blix, Carlsson, Celsius, Eriksson, Stolt and Hallman were born in Uppsala.

Twin cities

Uppsala has been twinned with cities in the other four Nordic countries since 1947. The city was officially twinned with Tartu, Estonia in 1988, with Daejeon, South Korea in 1999 and with Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA in 2000.

See also

• Uppsala Municipality - Uppsala "kommun"
• Upsala-Lenna Jernväg
• Gamla Uppsala - Old Uppsala in Norse mythology
• Temple at Uppsala - The Temple of Old Uppsala in Norse Mythology
• Upsala Nya Tidning - The major local newspaper
• Upplands Lokaltrafik - operator of local public transport
• Ärna - Uppsala airport
• Area code 018
• Disting
• Upsala College - Former private college in East Orange, New Jersey, USA, founded in 1893
• Battle of Fýrisvellir

References

External links

• Uppsala - Official site
• Upsala Nya Tidning - Newspaper
• Ancient See of Upsala - Article from the Catholic Encyclopedia

af:Uppsala ar:?????? br:Uppsala bg:?????? ca:Uppsala cs:Uppsala da:Uppsala de:Uppsala et:Uppsala el:?????? es:Uppsala eo:Upsalo fa:??????? fr:Uppsala gl:Uppsala ko:??? hy:??????? hr:Uppsala io:Uppsala id:Uppsala is:Uppsalir it:Uppsala he:?????? la:Upsalia (Suecia) lv:Upsala lt:Upsala hu:Uppsala nl:Uppsala (stad) ja:???? no:Uppsala nn:Uppsala oc:Uppsala pl:Uppsala pt:Uppsala ro:Uppsala ru:??????? simple:Uppsala sk:Uppsala sr:?????? fi:Uppsala sv:Uppsala vi:Uppsala tr:Uppsala uk:??????? vo:Uppsala zh:????