The Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, New Kingdom. This dynasty is considered to be the last one of the New Kingdom of Egypt, and was followed by the Third Intermediate Period.

Tomb robbing

The period of these rulers is notable for the beginning of the systematic robbing of the Royal Tombs. Many surviving administrative documents from this period are records of investigations and punishment for these crimes, especially in the reigns of Ramesses IX and Ramesses XI..

Decline

As happened under the later Nineteenth Dynasty, this group struggled under the effects of the bickering between the heirs of Ramesses III. For instance, three different sons of Ramesses III are known to have assumed power as Ramesses IV, Ramesses VI and Ramesses VIII respectively. However, at this time Egypt was also increasingly beset by a series of droughts, below-normal flooding levels of the Nile, famine, civil unrest and official corruption – all of which would limit the managerial abilities of any king. The power of the last king, Ramesses XI, grew so weak that in the south the High Priests of Amun at Thebes became the effective defacto rulers of Upper Egypt, while Smendes controlled Lower Egypt even before Ramesses XI's death. Smendes would eventually found the Twenty-First dynasty at Tanis.

Twentieth Dynasty timeline

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DateFormat = yyyy Period = from:-1190 till:-1070 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:50 start:-1186 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:5 start:-1186

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from: -1190 till: -1186 color:PA text:"Setnakhte (1190 BC – 1186 BC)"
from: -1186 till: -1155 color:PA text:"Ramesses III (1186 BC – 1155 BC)"
from: -1155 till: -1149 color:PA text:"Ramesses IV (1155 BC – 1149 BC)"
from: -1149 till: -1145 color:PA text:"Ramesses V (1149 BC – 1145 BC)"
from: -1145 till: -1137 color:PA text:"Ramesses VI (1145 BC – 1137 BC)"
from: -1137 till: -1130 color:PA text:"Ramesses VII (1137 BC – 1130 BC)"
from: -1130 till: -1129 color:PA text:"Ramesses VIII (1130 BC – 1129 BC)"
from: -1129 till: -1111 color:PA text:"Ramesses IX (1129 BC – 1111 BC)"
from: -1111 till: -1107 color:PA text:"Ramesses X (1111 BC – 1107 BC)"
from: -1107 till: -1077 color:PA text:"Ramesses XI (1107 BC – 1077 BC)"

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See also

• Twentieth dynasty of Egypt Family Tree

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