A Theta structure is an intermediate structure formed during the replication of a circular DNA molecule (prokaryote DNA), two replication forks can proceed independently around the DNA ring and when viewed from above it resembles the Greek letter "theta" (?). Originally discovered by Cairns, it lead to the understanding that (in this case) bidirectional DNA replication could take place. Proof of the bidirectional nature came from providing replicating cells with a pulse of tritiated thymidine, quenching rapidly and then autoradiographing. Results showed that the radioactive thymidine was incorporated into both forks of the theta structure, not just one, indicating synthesis at both forks, in opposite directions around the loop.